more_math 0.2.1 → 0.3.0

data/.travis.yml

@@ -2,9 +2,14 @@ rvm:
   - 2.0
   - 2.1
   - 2.2
+  - 2.3.1
   - ruby-head
   - jruby-head
 matrix:
   allow_failures:
     - rvm: ruby-head
     - rvm: jruby-head
+sudo: false
+addons:
+  code_climate:
+    repo_token: c9eff249077e5d42951c2ac14abcaba555cb214524310e8d8f1769a579cbeb81

data/Gemfile

@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@
 source 'https://rubygems.org'
 
 gemspec
+gem 'byebug', platform: :mri

data/Rakefile

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ GemHadar do
   description 'Library that provides more mathematical functions/algorithms than standard Ruby.'
   test_dir    'tests'
   ignore      '.*.sw[pon]', 'pkg', 'Gemfile.lock', 'coverage', '.rvmrc',
-    '.AppleDouble', 'tags'
+    '.AppleDouble', 'tags', '.byebug_history', '.DS_Store'
   readme      'README.rdoc'
   title       "#{name.camelize} -- More Math in Ruby"
 

data/VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.2.1
+0.3.0

data/lib/more_math/continued_fraction.rb

@@ -35,19 +35,24 @@ module MoreMath
       new.for_b(arg, &block)
     end
 
+    def for_arg(arg = nil, &block)
+      if arg and !block
+        arg
+      elsif block and !arg
+        block
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "exactly one argument or one block required"
+      end
+    end
+    private :for_arg
+
     # This method either takes a block or an argument +arg+. The argument +arg+
     # has to respond to an integer index n >= 0 and return the value a_n. The
     # block has to return the value for a_n when +n+ is passed as the first
     # argument to the block. If a_n is dependent on an +x+ value (see the call
     # method) the +x+ will be the second argument of the block.
     def for_a(arg = nil, &block)
-      if arg and !block
-        @a = arg
-      elsif block and !arg
-        @a = block
-      else
-        raise ArgumentError, "exactly one argument or one block required"
-      end
+      @a = for_arg(arg, &block)
       self
     end
 
@@ -57,32 +62,27 @@ module MoreMath
     # argument to the block. If b_n is dependent on an +x+ value (see the call
     # method) the +x+ will be the second argument of the block.
     def for_b(arg = nil, &block)
-      if arg and !block
-        @b = arg
-      elsif block and !arg
-        @b = block
-      else
-        raise ArgumentError, "exactly one argument or one block required"
-      end
+      @b = for_arg(arg, &block)
       self
     end
 
-    # Returns the value for a_n or a_n(x).
-    def a(n, x = nil)
+    def value(v, n, x = nil)
       result = if x
-        @a[n, x]
+        v[n, x]
       else
-        @a[n]
+        v[n]
       end and result.to_f
     end
+    private :value
+
+    # Returns the value for a_n or a_n(x).
+    def a(n, x = nil)
+      value(@a, n, x)
+    end
 
     # Returns the value for b_n or b_n(x).
     def b(n, x = nil)
-      result = if x
-        @b[n, x]
-      else
-        @b[n]
-      end and result.to_f
+      value(@b, n, x)
     end
 
     # Evaluates the continued fraction for the value +x+ (if any) with the

data/lib/more_math/entropy.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+module MoreMath
+  module Entropy
+    def entropy(text)
+      chars = text.chars
+      size  = chars.size
+
+      chars.each_with_object(Hash.new(0.0)) { |c, h| h[c] += 1 }.
+        each_value.reduce(0.0) do |entropy, count|
+          frequency = count / size
+          entropy + frequency * Math.log2(frequency)
+        end.abs
+    end
+
+    def entropy_ideal(size)
+      size <= 1 and return 0.0
+      frequency = 1.0 / size
+      -1.0 * size * frequency * Math.log2(frequency)
+    end
+
+    def entropy_percentage(text)
+      size = text.each_char.size
+      size <= 1 and return 0.0
+      entropy(text) / entropy_ideal(size)
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/more_math/functions.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'more_math'
+require 'more_math/entropy'
 
 module MoreMath
   module Functions
@@ -186,5 +187,7 @@ module MoreMath
     def stringify_number(number, alphabet = 'a'..'z')
       NumberifyStringFunction.stringify_number(number, alphabet)
     end
+
+    include Entropy
   end
 end

data/lib/more_math/sequence.rb

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 require 'more_math'
 require 'tins/memoize'
+require 'more_math/sequence/moving_average'
+require 'more_math/sequence/refinement'
 
 module MoreMath
   # This class is used to contain elements and compute various statistical
   # values for them.
   class Sequence
+    include MoreMath::Sequence::MovingAverage
+
     def initialize(elements)
       @elements = elements.dup.freeze
     end
@@ -34,6 +38,19 @@ module MoreMath
       self
     end
 
+    def to_ary
+      @elements.dup
+    end
+
+    alias to_a to_ary
+
+    # Push +element+ on this Sequence and return a new Sequence instance with
+    # +element+ as its last element.
+    def push(element)
+      Sequence.new(@elements.dup.push(element))
+    end
+    alias << push
+
     # Returns the variance of the elements.
     def variance
       sum_of_squares / size

data/lib/more_math/sequence/moving_average.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+module MoreMath
+  class Sequence
+    module MovingAverage
+      def simple_moving_average(n)
+        n < 1 and raise ArgumentError, 'n < 1, has to be >= 1'
+        n <= @elements.size or raise ArgumentError,
+          'n > #elements, has to be <= #elements'
+        avg = []
+        0.upto(@elements.size - n) do |i|
+          sum = 0.0
+          i.upto(i + n - 1) do |j|
+            sum += @elements[j].to_f
+          end
+          avg << sum / n
+        end
+        avg
+      end
+      alias moving_average simple_moving_average
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/more_math/sequence/refinement.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+module MoreMath::Sequence::Refinement
+  refine ::Object do
+    def to_seq
+      ary = []
+      each { |x| ary << x }
+      MoreMath::Sequence.new(ary)
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/more_math/version.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module MoreMath
   # MoreMath version
-  VERSION         = '0.2.1'
+  VERSION         = '0.3.0'
   VERSION_ARRAY   = VERSION.split('.').map(&:to_i) # :nodoc:
   VERSION_MAJOR   = VERSION_ARRAY[0] # :nodoc:
   VERSION_MINOR   = VERSION_ARRAY[1] # :nodoc:

data/more_math.gemspec

@@ -1,45 +1,45 @@
 # -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-# stub: more_math 0.2.1 ruby lib
+# stub: more_math 0.3.0 ruby lib
 
 Gem::Specification.new do |s|
-  s.name = "more_math"
-  s.version = "0.2.1"
+  s.name = "more_math".freeze
+  s.version = "0.3.0"
 
-  s.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 0") if s.respond_to? :required_rubygems_version=
-  s.require_paths = ["lib"]
-  s.authors = ["Florian Frank"]
-  s.date = "2015-05-21"
-  s.description = "Library that provides more mathematical functions/algorithms than standard Ruby."
-  s.email = "flori@ping.de"
-  s.extra_rdoc_files = ["README.rdoc", "lib/more_math.rb", "lib/more_math/cantor_pairing_function.rb", "lib/more_math/constants/functions_constants.rb", "lib/more_math/continued_fraction.rb", "lib/more_math/distributions.rb", "lib/more_math/exceptions.rb", "lib/more_math/functions.rb", "lib/more_math/histogram.rb", "lib/more_math/linear_regression.rb", "lib/more_math/newton_bisection.rb", "lib/more_math/numberify_string_function.rb", "lib/more_math/permutation.rb", "lib/more_math/ranking_common.rb", "lib/more_math/sequence.rb", "lib/more_math/string_numeral.rb", "lib/more_math/subset.rb", "lib/more_math/version.rb"]
-  s.files = [".gitignore", ".travis.yml", "CHANGES", "Gemfile", "LICENSE", "README.rdoc", "Rakefile", "VERSION", "lib/more_math.rb", "lib/more_math/cantor_pairing_function.rb", "lib/more_math/constants/functions_constants.rb", "lib/more_math/continued_fraction.rb", "lib/more_math/distributions.rb", "lib/more_math/exceptions.rb", "lib/more_math/functions.rb", "lib/more_math/histogram.rb", "lib/more_math/linear_regression.rb", "lib/more_math/newton_bisection.rb", "lib/more_math/numberify_string_function.rb", "lib/more_math/permutation.rb", "lib/more_math/ranking_common.rb", "lib/more_math/sequence.rb", "lib/more_math/string_numeral.rb", "lib/more_math/subset.rb", "lib/more_math/version.rb", "more_math.gemspec", "tests/cantor_pairing_function_test.rb", "tests/continued_fraction_test.rb", "tests/distribution_test.rb", "tests/functions_test.rb", "tests/histogram_test.rb", "tests/newton_bisection_test.rb", "tests/numberify_string_function_test.rb", "tests/permutation_test.rb", "tests/sequence_test.rb", "tests/string_numeral_test.rb", "tests/subset_test.rb", "tests/test_helper.rb"]
-  s.homepage = "http://flori.github.com/more_math"
-  s.rdoc_options = ["--title", "MoreMath -- More Math in Ruby", "--main", "README.rdoc"]
-  s.rubygems_version = "2.4.6"
-  s.summary = "Library that provides more mathematics."
-  s.test_files = ["tests/cantor_pairing_function_test.rb", "tests/continued_fraction_test.rb", "tests/distribution_test.rb", "tests/functions_test.rb", "tests/histogram_test.rb", "tests/newton_bisection_test.rb", "tests/numberify_string_function_test.rb", "tests/permutation_test.rb", "tests/sequence_test.rb", "tests/string_numeral_test.rb", "tests/subset_test.rb", "tests/test_helper.rb"]
+  s.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 0".freeze) if s.respond_to? :required_rubygems_version=
+  s.require_paths = ["lib".freeze]
+  s.authors = ["Florian Frank".freeze]
+  s.date = "2016-10-20"
+  s.description = "Library that provides more mathematical functions/algorithms than standard Ruby.".freeze
+  s.email = "flori@ping.de".freeze
+  s.extra_rdoc_files = ["README.rdoc".freeze, "lib/more_math.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/cantor_pairing_function.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/constants/functions_constants.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/continued_fraction.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/distributions.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/entropy.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/exceptions.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/functions.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/histogram.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/linear_regression.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/newton_bisection.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/numberify_string_function.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/permutation.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/ranking_common.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/sequence.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/sequence/moving_average.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/sequence/refinement.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/string_numeral.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/subset.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/version.rb".freeze]
+  s.files = [".codeclimate.yml".freeze, ".gitignore".freeze, ".rubocop.yml".freeze, ".travis.yml".freeze, "CHANGES".freeze, "Gemfile".freeze, "LICENSE".freeze, "README.rdoc".freeze, "Rakefile".freeze, "VERSION".freeze, "lib/more_math.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/cantor_pairing_function.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/constants/functions_constants.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/continued_fraction.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/distributions.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/entropy.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/exceptions.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/functions.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/histogram.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/linear_regression.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/newton_bisection.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/numberify_string_function.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/permutation.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/ranking_common.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/sequence.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/sequence/moving_average.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/sequence/refinement.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/string_numeral.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/subset.rb".freeze, "lib/more_math/version.rb".freeze, "more_math.gemspec".freeze, "tests/cantor_pairing_function_test.rb".freeze, "tests/continued_fraction_test.rb".freeze, "tests/distribution_test.rb".freeze, "tests/entropy_test.rb".freeze, "tests/functions_test.rb".freeze, "tests/histogram_test.rb".freeze, "tests/newton_bisection_test.rb".freeze, "tests/numberify_string_function_test.rb".freeze, "tests/permutation_test.rb".freeze, "tests/sequence_moving_average_test.rb".freeze, "tests/sequence_test.rb".freeze, "tests/string_numeral_test.rb".freeze, "tests/subset_test.rb".freeze, "tests/test_helper.rb".freeze]
+  s.homepage = "http://flori.github.com/more_math".freeze
+  s.rdoc_options = ["--title".freeze, "MoreMath -- More Math in Ruby".freeze, "--main".freeze, "README.rdoc".freeze]
+  s.rubygems_version = "2.6.7".freeze
+  s.summary = "Library that provides more mathematics.".freeze
+  s.test_files = ["tests/cantor_pairing_function_test.rb".freeze, "tests/continued_fraction_test.rb".freeze, "tests/distribution_test.rb".freeze, "tests/entropy_test.rb".freeze, "tests/functions_test.rb".freeze, "tests/histogram_test.rb".freeze, "tests/newton_bisection_test.rb".freeze, "tests/numberify_string_function_test.rb".freeze, "tests/permutation_test.rb".freeze, "tests/sequence_moving_average_test.rb".freeze, "tests/sequence_test.rb".freeze, "tests/string_numeral_test.rb".freeze, "tests/subset_test.rb".freeze, "tests/test_helper.rb".freeze]
 
   if s.respond_to? :specification_version then
     s.specification_version = 4
 
     if Gem::Version.new(Gem::VERSION) >= Gem::Version.new('1.2.0') then
-      s.add_development_dependency(%q<gem_hadar>, ["~> 1.2.1"])
-      s.add_development_dependency(%q<rake>, [">= 0"])
-      s.add_development_dependency(%q<simplecov>, [">= 0"])
-      s.add_development_dependency(%q<test-unit>, [">= 0"])
-      s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<tins>, ["~> 1.0"])
+      s.add_development_dependency(%q<gem_hadar>.freeze, ["~> 1.9.1"])
+      s.add_development_dependency(%q<rake>.freeze, [">= 0"])
+      s.add_development_dependency(%q<simplecov>.freeze, [">= 0"])
+      s.add_development_dependency(%q<test-unit>.freeze, [">= 0"])
+      s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<tins>.freeze, ["~> 1.0"])
     else
-      s.add_dependency(%q<gem_hadar>, ["~> 1.2.1"])
-      s.add_dependency(%q<rake>, [">= 0"])
-      s.add_dependency(%q<simplecov>, [">= 0"])
-      s.add_dependency(%q<test-unit>, [">= 0"])
-      s.add_dependency(%q<tins>, ["~> 1.0"])
+      s.add_dependency(%q<gem_hadar>.freeze, ["~> 1.9.1"])
+      s.add_dependency(%q<rake>.freeze, [">= 0"])
+      s.add_dependency(%q<simplecov>.freeze, [">= 0"])
+      s.add_dependency(%q<test-unit>.freeze, [">= 0"])
+      s.add_dependency(%q<tins>.freeze, ["~> 1.0"])
     end
   else
-    s.add_dependency(%q<gem_hadar>, ["~> 1.2.1"])
-    s.add_dependency(%q<rake>, [">= 0"])
-    s.add_dependency(%q<simplecov>, [">= 0"])
-    s.add_dependency(%q<test-unit>, [">= 0"])
-    s.add_dependency(%q<tins>, ["~> 1.0"])
+    s.add_dependency(%q<gem_hadar>.freeze, ["~> 1.9.1"])
+    s.add_dependency(%q<rake>.freeze, [">= 0"])
+    s.add_dependency(%q<simplecov>.freeze, [">= 0"])
+    s.add_dependency(%q<test-unit>.freeze, [">= 0"])
+    s.add_dependency(%q<tins>.freeze, ["~> 1.0"])
   end
 end

data/tests/entropy_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'test_helper'
+require 'more_math'
+
+class EntropyTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  include MoreMath::Functions
+
+  def setup
+    @empty  = ''
+    @low    = ?A * 42
+    @string = 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit'
+    @high   = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'
+    @random = "\xAC-\x8A\xF5\xA8\xF7\\\e\xB5\x8CI\x06\xA7"
+  end
+
+  def test_entropy
+    assert_equal 0, entropy(@empty)
+    assert_equal 0, entropy(@low)
+    assert_in_delta 3.9514, entropy(@string), 1E-3
+    assert_in_delta 4.4319, entropy(@high), 1E-3
+    assert_in_delta 3.700, entropy(@random), 1E-3
+  end
+
+  def test_entropy_ideal
+    assert_equal 0, entropy_ideal(-1)
+    assert_equal 0, entropy_ideal(0)
+    assert_equal 0, entropy_ideal(0.5)
+    assert_equal 0, entropy_ideal(1)
+    assert_in_delta 1, entropy_ideal(2), 1E-3
+    assert_in_delta 1.584, entropy_ideal(3), 1E-3
+    assert_in_delta 3, entropy_ideal(8), 1E-3
+    assert_in_delta 3.321, entropy_ideal(10), 1E-3
+    assert_in_delta 4, entropy_ideal(16), 1E-3
+  end
+
+  def test_entropy_percentage
+    assert_equal 0, entropy_percentage(@empty)
+    assert_equal 0, entropy_percentage(@low)
+    assert_in_delta 0.6834, entropy_percentage(@string), 1E-3
+    assert_in_delta 0.8167, entropy_percentage(@high), 1E-3
+    assert_in_delta 1.0, entropy_percentage(@random), 1E-3
+  end
+end

data/tests/sequence_moving_average_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'test_helper'
+require 'more_math'
+
+class SequenceMovingAverageTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  include MoreMath
+
+  def setup
+    @seq = Sequence.new([ 3, 1, 7, 5, 6 ])
+  end
+
+  def test_moving_average_fail
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @seq.moving_average(0) }
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @seq.moving_average(-1) }
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @seq.moving_average(@seq.size + 1) }
+  end
+
+  def test_moving_average
+    assert_equal @seq.elements.map(&:to_f),
+      @seq.moving_average(1)
+    assert_equal [ (3 + 1) / 2.0, (1 + 7) / 2.0, (7 + 5) / 2.0, (5 + 6) / 2.0 ],
+      @seq.moving_average(2)
+    assert_equal [ (3 + 1 + 7) / 3.0, (1 + 7 + 5) / 3.0, (7 + 5 + 6) / 3.0 ],
+      @seq.moving_average(3)
+    assert_equal [ (3 + 1 + 7 + 5) / 4.0, (1 + 7 + 5 + 6) / 4.0 ],
+      @seq.moving_average(4)
+    assert_equal [ @seq.mean ], @seq.moving_average(5)
+  end
+end
+

data/tests/sequence_test.rb

@@ -321,4 +321,11 @@ class SequenceTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
     assert @flat.cover?(@rasi)
     assert_operator @flat.suggested_sample_size(@rasi), '>', 500
   end
+
+  def test_sequence_push
+    seq = Sequence.new([ 1, 2 ])
+    seq2 = seq.push 3
+    assert_not_same seq2, seq
+    assert_equal [ 1, 2, 3 ], seq2.elements
+  end
 end

metadata

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: more_math
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 0.2.1
+  version: 0.3.0
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Florian Frank
 autorequire: 
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2015-05-21 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 2016-10-20 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies:
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: gem_hadar
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ dependencies:
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: 1.2.1
+        version: 1.9.1
   type: :development
   prerelease: false
   version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: 1.2.1
+        version: 1.9.1
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: rake
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ extra_rdoc_files:
 - lib/more_math/constants/functions_constants.rb
 - lib/more_math/continued_fraction.rb
 - lib/more_math/distributions.rb
+- lib/more_math/entropy.rb
 - lib/more_math/exceptions.rb
 - lib/more_math/functions.rb
 - lib/more_math/histogram.rb
@@ -101,11 +102,15 @@ extra_rdoc_files:
 - lib/more_math/permutation.rb
 - lib/more_math/ranking_common.rb
 - lib/more_math/sequence.rb
+- lib/more_math/sequence/moving_average.rb
+- lib/more_math/sequence/refinement.rb
 - lib/more_math/string_numeral.rb
 - lib/more_math/subset.rb
 - lib/more_math/version.rb
 files:
+- ".codeclimate.yml"
 - ".gitignore"
+- ".rubocop.yml"
 - ".travis.yml"
 - CHANGES
 - Gemfile
@@ -118,6 +123,7 @@ files:
 - lib/more_math/constants/functions_constants.rb
 - lib/more_math/continued_fraction.rb
 - lib/more_math/distributions.rb
+- lib/more_math/entropy.rb
 - lib/more_math/exceptions.rb
 - lib/more_math/functions.rb
 - lib/more_math/histogram.rb
@@ -127,6 +133,8 @@ files:
 - lib/more_math/permutation.rb
 - lib/more_math/ranking_common.rb
 - lib/more_math/sequence.rb
+- lib/more_math/sequence/moving_average.rb
+- lib/more_math/sequence/refinement.rb
 - lib/more_math/string_numeral.rb
 - lib/more_math/subset.rb
 - lib/more_math/version.rb
@@ -134,11 +142,13 @@ files:
 - tests/cantor_pairing_function_test.rb
 - tests/continued_fraction_test.rb
 - tests/distribution_test.rb
+- tests/entropy_test.rb
 - tests/functions_test.rb
 - tests/histogram_test.rb
 - tests/newton_bisection_test.rb
 - tests/numberify_string_function_test.rb
 - tests/permutation_test.rb
+- tests/sequence_moving_average_test.rb
 - tests/sequence_test.rb
 - tests/string_numeral_test.rb
 - tests/subset_test.rb
@@ -166,7 +176,7 @@ required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
       version: '0'
 requirements: []
 rubyforge_project: 
-rubygems_version: 2.4.6
+rubygems_version: 2.6.7
 signing_key: 
 specification_version: 4
 summary: Library that provides more mathematics.
@@ -174,11 +184,13 @@ test_files:
 - tests/cantor_pairing_function_test.rb
 - tests/continued_fraction_test.rb
 - tests/distribution_test.rb
+- tests/entropy_test.rb
 - tests/functions_test.rb
 - tests/histogram_test.rb
 - tests/newton_bisection_test.rb
 - tests/numberify_string_function_test.rb
 - tests/permutation_test.rb
+- tests/sequence_moving_average_test.rb
 - tests/sequence_test.rb
 - tests/string_numeral_test.rb
 - tests/subset_test.rb