mongoid 7.5.1 → 8.1.4

data/spec/mongoid/contextual/mongo_spec.rb

@@ -44,39 +44,6 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#cached?" do
-
-    context "when the criteria is cached" do
-
-      let(:criteria) do
-        Band.all.cache
-      end
-
-      let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria)
-      end
-
-      it "returns true" do
-        expect(context).to be_cached
-      end
-    end
-
-    context "when the criteria is not cached" do
-
-      let(:criteria) do
-        Band.all
-      end
-
-      let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria)
-      end
-
-      it "returns false" do
-        expect(context).to_not be_cached
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
   describe "#count" do
 
     let!(:depeche) do
@@ -102,15 +69,17 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
       end
     end
 
-    context "when context is cached" do
+    context "when the query cache is enabled" do
+      query_cache_enabled
 
       let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria.cache)
+        described_class.new(criteria)
       end
 
-      it "returns the count cached value after first call" do
-        expect(context.view).to receive(:count_documents).once.and_return(1)
-        2.times { expect(context.count).to eq(1) }
+      it "only executes the count query once" do
+        expect_query(1) do
+          2.times { expect(context.count).to eq(1) }
+        end
       end
     end
 
@@ -189,6 +158,16 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
         end
       end
     end
+
+    context 'when for_js is present' do
+      let(:context) do
+        Band.for_js('this.name == "Depeche Mode"')
+      end
+
+      it 'counts the expected records' do
+        expect(context.count).to eq(1)
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   describe "#estimated_count" do
@@ -217,16 +196,18 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
       end
     end
 
-    context "when context is cached" do
+    context "when the query cache is enabled" do
+      query_cache_enabled
 
       let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria.cache)
+        described_class.new(criteria)
       end
 
-      it "returns the count cached value after first call" do
-        expect(context.view).to receive(:estimated_document_count).once.and_return(1)
-        2.times do
-          context.estimated_count
+      it "the results are not cached" do
+        expect_query(2) do
+          2.times do
+            context.estimated_count
+          end
         end
       end
     end
@@ -561,8 +542,22 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
       context "when legacy_pluck_distinct is set" do
         config_override :legacy_pluck_distinct, true
 
-        it "returns the non-demongoized distinct field values" do
-          expect(context.distinct(:sales).sort).to eq([ "1E2", "2E3" ])
+        context 'when storing BigDecimal as string' do
+          config_override :map_big_decimal_to_decimal128, false
+
+          it "returns the non-demongoized distinct field values" do
+            expect(context.distinct(:sales).sort).to eq([ "1E2", "2E3" ])
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when storing BigDecimal as decimal128' do
+          config_override :map_big_decimal_to_decimal128, true
+          min_bson_version '4.15.0'
+          max_bson_version '4.99.99'
+
+          it "returns the non-demongoized distinct field values" do
+            expect(context.distinct(:sales).sort).to eq([ BSON::Decimal128.new("1E2"), BSON::Decimal128.new("2E3") ])
+          end
         end
       end
 
@@ -576,6 +571,8 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
     end
 
     context "when getting a localized field" do
+      with_default_i18n_configs
+
       before do
         I18n.locale = :en
         d = Dictionary.create!(description: 'english-text')
@@ -584,10 +581,6 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
         d.save!
       end
 
-      after do
-        I18n.locale = :en
-      end
-
       let(:criteria) do
         Dictionary.criteria
       end
@@ -680,16 +673,10 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
 
       context 'when fallbacks are enabled with a locale list' do
         require_fallbacks
+        with_default_i18n_configs
 
-        around(:all) do |example|
-          prev_fallbacks = I18n.fallbacks.dup
+        before do
           I18n.fallbacks[:he] = [ :en ]
-          example.run
-          I18n.fallbacks = prev_fallbacks
-        end
-
-        after do
-          I18n.locale = :en
         end
 
         let(:distinct) do
@@ -709,7 +696,7 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
 
           it "correctly uses the fallback" do
             I18n.locale = :en
-            d = Dictionary.create!(description: 'english-text')
+            Dictionary.create!(description: 'english-text')
             I18n.locale = :he
             distinct.should == "english-text"
           end
@@ -717,6 +704,8 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
       end
 
       context "when the localized field is embedded" do
+        with_default_i18n_configs
+
         before do
           p = Passport.new
           I18n.locale = :en
@@ -727,10 +716,6 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
           Person.create!(passport: p, employer_id: 12345)
         end
 
-        after do
-          I18n.locale = :en
-        end
-
         let(:criteria) do
           Person.where(employer_id: 12345)
         end
@@ -794,9 +779,11 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
 
       context "when legacy_pluck_distinct is set" do
         config_override :legacy_pluck_distinct, true
+        config_override :map_big_decimal_to_decimal128, true
+        max_bson_version '4.99.99'
 
         it "returns the distinct matching fields" do
-          expect(context.distinct("label.sales")).to eq([ "1E2" ])
+          expect(context.distinct("label.sales")).to eq([ BSON::Decimal128.new('1E+2') ])
         end
       end
 
@@ -809,484 +796,860 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#each" do
+  describe "#tally" do
+    let(:fans1) { [ Fanatic.new(age:1), Fanatic.new(age:2) ] }
+    let(:fans2) { [ Fanatic.new(age:1), Fanatic.new(age:2) ] }
+    let(:fans3) { [ Fanatic.new(age:1), Fanatic.new(age:3) ] }
 
-    before do
-      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
-    end
+    let(:genres1) { [ { x: 1, y: { z: 1 } }, { x: 2, y: { z: 2 } }, { y: 3 } ]}
+    let(:genres2) { [ { x: 1, y: { z: 1 } }, { x: 2, y: { z: 2 } }, { y: 4 } ]}
+    let(:genres3) { [ { x: 1, y: { z: 1 } }, { x: 3, y: { z: 3 } }, { y: 5 } ]}
 
-    let(:criteria) do
-      Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
-    end
+    let(:label1) {  Label.new(name: "Atlantic") }
+    let(:label2) {  Label.new(name: "Atlantic") }
+    let(:label3) {  Label.new(name: "Columbia") }
 
-    let(:context) do
-      described_class.new(criteria)
+    before do
+      Band.create!(origin: "tally", name: "Depeche Mode", years: 30, sales: "1E2", label: label1, genres: genres1)
+      Band.create!(origin: "tally", name: "New Order", years: 30, sales: "2E3", label: label2, genres: genres2)
+      Band.create!(origin: "tally", name: "10,000 Maniacs", years: 30, sales: "1E2", label: label3, genres: genres3)
+      Band.create!(origin: "tally2", fanatics: fans1, genres: [1, 2])
+      Band.create!(origin: "tally2", fanatics: fans2, genres: [1, 2])
+      Band.create!(origin: "tally2", fanatics: fans3, genres: [1, 3])
     end
 
-    context 'when the criteria has a collation' do
-      min_server_version '3.4'
+    let(:criteria) { Band.where(origin: "tally") }
 
-      let(:criteria) do
-        Band.where(name: "DEPECHE MODE").collation(locale: 'en_US', strength: 2)
+    context "when tallying a string" do
+      let(:tally) do
+        criteria.tally(:name)
       end
 
-      it "yields mongoid documents to the block" do
-        context.each do |doc|
-          expect(doc).to be_a(Mongoid::Document)
-        end
+      it "returns the correct hash" do
+        expect(tally).to eq("Depeche Mode" => 1, "New Order" => 1, "10,000 Maniacs" => 1)
       end
+    end
 
-      it "iterates over the matching documents" do
-        context.each do |doc|
-          expect(doc.name).to eq("Depeche Mode")
-        end
+    context "using an aliased field" do
+      let(:tally) do
+        criteria.tally(:years)
       end
 
-      it "returns self" do
-        expect(context.each{}).to be(context)
+      it "returns the correct hash" do
+        expect(tally).to eq(30 => 3)
       end
     end
 
-    context "when providing a block" do
-
-      it "yields mongoid documents to the block" do
-        context.each do |doc|
-          expect(doc).to be_a(Mongoid::Document)
-        end
-      end
-
-      it "iterates over the matching documents" do
-        context.each do |doc|
-          expect(doc.name).to eq("Depeche Mode")
-        end
+    context "when tallying a demongoizable field" do
+      let(:tally) do
+        criteria.tally(:sales)
       end
 
-      it "returns self" do
-        expect(context.each{}).to be(context)
+      it "returns the correct hash" do
+        expect(tally).to eq(BigDecimal("1E2") => 2, BigDecimal("2E3") => 1)
       end
     end
 
-    context "when no block is provided" do
+    context "when tallying a localized field" do
+      with_default_i18n_configs
 
-      let(:enum) do
-        context.each
+      before do
+        I18n.locale = :en
+        d1 = Dictionary.create!(description: 'en1')
+        d2 = Dictionary.create!(description: 'en1')
+        d3 = Dictionary.create!(description: 'en1')
+        d4 = Dictionary.create!(description: 'en2')
+        I18n.locale = :de
+        d1.description = 'de1'
+        d2.description = 'de1'
+        d3.description = 'de2'
+        d4.description = 'de3'
+        d1.save!
+        d2.save!
+        d3.save!
+        d4.save!
+        I18n.locale = :en
       end
 
-      it "returns an enumerator" do
-        expect(enum).to be_a(Enumerator)
+      context "when getting the demongoized field" do
+        let(:tallied) do
+          Dictionary.tally(:description)
+        end
+
+        it "returns the translation for the current locale" do
+          expect(tallied).to eq("en1" => 3, "en2" => 1)
+        end
       end
 
-      context "when iterating over the enumerator" do
+      context "when getting a specific locale" do
+        let(:tallied) do
+          Dictionary.tally("description.de")
+        end
 
-        context "when iterating with each" do
+        it "returns the translation for the the specific locale" do
+          expect(tallied).to eq("de1" => 2, "de2" => 1, "de3" => 1)
+        end
+      end
 
-          it "yields mongoid documents to the block" do
-            enum.each do |doc|
-              expect(doc).to be_a(Mongoid::Document)
-            end
-          end
+      context "when getting the full hash" do
+        let(:tallied) do
+          Dictionary.tally("description_translations")
         end
 
-        context "when iterating with next" do
+        it "returns the correct hash" do
+          expect(tallied).to eq(
+            {"de" => "de1", "en" => "en1" } => 2,
+            {"de" => "de2", "en" => "en1" } => 1,
+            {"de" => "de3", "en" => "en2" } => 1
+          )
+        end
+      end
+    end
 
-          before do
-            10.times { |i| Band.create!(name: "Test #{i}") }
-          end
+    context "when tallying an embedded localized field" do
+      with_default_i18n_configs
 
-          let(:criteria) do
-            Band.batch_size(5)
-          end
+      before do
+        I18n.locale = :en
+        address1a = Address.new(name: "en1")
+        address1b = Address.new(name: "en2")
+        address2a = Address.new(name: "en1")
+        address2b = Address.new(name: "en3")
+        I18n.locale = :de
+        address1a.name = "de1"
+        address1b.name = "de2"
+        address2a.name = "de1"
+        address2b.name = "de3"
+        Person.create!(addresses: [ address1a, address1b ])
+        Person.create!(addresses: [ address2a, address2b ])
+        I18n.locale = :en
+      end
 
-          it "yields mongoid documents" do
-            expect(enum.next).to be_a(Mongoid::Document)
-          end
+      context "when getting the demongoized field" do
+        let(:tallied) do
+          Person.tally("addresses.name")
+        end
 
-          it "does not load all documents" do
-            subscriber = Mrss::EventSubscriber.new
-            context.view.client.subscribe(Mongo::Monitoring::COMMAND, subscriber)
+        it "returns the translation for the current locale" do
+          expect(tallied).to eq(
+            [ "en1", "en2" ] => 1,
+            [ "en1", "en3" ] => 1,
+          )
+        end
+      end
 
-            enum.next
+      context "when getting a specific locale" do
+        let(:tallied) do
+          Person.tally("addresses.name.de")
+        end
 
-            find_events = subscriber.all_events.select do |evt|
-              evt.command_name == 'find'
-            end
-            expect(find_events.length).to be(2)
-            get_more_events = subscriber.all_events.select do |evt|
-              evt.command_name == 'getMore'
-            end
-            expect(get_more_events.length).to be(0)
-          ensure
-            context.view.client.unsubscribe(Mongo::Monitoring::COMMAND, subscriber)
-          end
+        it "returns the translation for the the specific locale" do
+          expect(tallied).to eq(
+            [ "de1", "de2" ] => 1,
+            [ "de1", "de3" ] => 1,
+          )
         end
       end
-    end
 
-    context 'when the criteria has a parent document' do
+      context "when getting the full hash" do
+        let(:tallied) do
+          Person.tally("addresses.name_translations")
+        end
 
-      before do
-        Post.create!(person: person)
-        Post.create!(person: person)
-        Post.create!(person: person)
+        it "returns the correct hash" do
+          expect(tallied).to eq(
+            [{ "de" => "de1", "en" => "en1" }, { "de" => "de2", "en" => "en2" }] => 1,
+            [{ "de" => "de1", "en" => "en1" }, { "de" => "de3", "en" => "en3" }] => 1,
+          )
+        end
       end
 
-      let(:person) do
-        Person.new
+    end
+
+    context "when tallying an embedded field" do
+      let(:tally) do
+        criteria.tally("label.name")
       end
 
-      let(:criteria) do
-        person.posts.all
+      it "returns the correct hash" do
+        expect(tally).to eq("Atlantic" => 2, "Columbia" => 1)
       end
+    end
 
-      let(:persons) do
-        criteria.collect(&:person)
+    context "when tallying an element in an embeds_many field" do
+      let(:criteria) { Band.where(origin: "tally2") }
+
+      let(:tally) do
+        criteria.tally("fanatics.age")
       end
 
-      it 'sets the same parent object on each related object' do
-        expect(persons.uniq.size).to eq(1)
+      it "returns the correct hash" do
+        expect(tally).to eq(
+          [1, 2] => 2,
+          [1, 3] => 1
+        )
       end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe "#eager_load" do
+    context "when tallying an embeds_many field" do
+      let(:criteria) { Band.where(origin: "tally2") }
 
-    let(:criteria) do
-      Person.includes(:game)
-    end
+      let(:tally) do
+        criteria.tally("fanatics")
+      end
 
-    let(:context) do
-      described_class.new(criteria)
+      it "returns the correct hash" do
+        expect(tally).to eq(
+          fans1.map(&:attributes) => 1,
+          fans2.map(&:attributes) => 1,
+          fans3.map(&:attributes) => 1,
+        )
+      end
     end
 
-    context "when no documents are returned" do
+    context "when tallying a field of type array" do
+      let(:criteria) { Band.where(origin: "tally2") }
 
-      let(:game_association) do
-        Person.reflect_on_association(:game)
+      let(:tally) do
+        criteria.tally("genres")
       end
 
-      it "does not make any additional database queries" do
-        expect(game_association).to receive(:eager_load).never
-        context.send(:eager_load, [])
+      it "returns the correct hash" do
+        expect(tally).to eq(
+          [1, 2] => 2,
+          [1, 3] => 1
+        )
       end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe "#exists?" do
+    context "when tallying an element from an array of hashes" do
+      let(:criteria) { Band.where(origin: "tally") }
 
-    before do
-      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+      let(:tally) do
+        criteria.tally("genres.x")
+      end
+
+      it "returns the correct hash without the nil keys" do
+        expect(tally).to eq(
+          [1, 2] => 2,
+          [1, 3] => 1
+        )
+      end
     end
 
-    context "when the count is zero" do
+    context "when tallying an element from an array of hashes; with duplicate" do
 
-      let(:criteria) do
-        Band.where(name: "New Order")
+      before do
+        Band.create!(origin: "tally", genres: [ { x: 1 }, {x: 1} ] )
       end
 
-      let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria)
+      let(:criteria) { Band.where(origin: "tally") }
+
+      let(:tally) do
+        criteria.tally("genres.x")
       end
 
-      it "returns false" do
-        expect(context).to_not be_exists
+      it "returns the correct hash without the nil keys" do
+        expect(tally).to eq(
+          [1, 2] => 2,
+          [1, 3] => 1,
+          [1, 1] => 1,
+        )
       end
     end
 
-    context "when the count is greater than zero" do
+    context "when tallying an aliased field of type array" do
 
-      let(:criteria) do
-        Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
+      before do
+        Person.create!(array: [ 1, 2 ])
+        Person.create!(array: [ 1, 3 ])
       end
 
-      let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria)
+      let(:tally) do
+        Person.tally("array")
       end
 
-      it "returns true" do
-        expect(context).to be_exists
+      it "returns the correct hash" do
+        expect(tally).to eq(
+          [1, 2] => 1,
+          [1, 3] => 1
+        )
       end
     end
 
-    context "when caching is not enabled" do
+    context "when going multiple levels deep in arrays" do
+      let(:criteria) { Band.where(origin: "tally") }
 
-      let(:criteria) do
-        Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
+      let(:tally) do
+        criteria.tally("genres.y.z")
       end
 
-      let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria)
+      it "returns the correct hash" do
+        expect(tally).to eq(
+          [1, 2] => 2,
+          [1, 3] => 1
+        )
       end
+    end
 
-      context "when exists? already called" do
+    context "when going multiple levels deep in an array" do
+      let(:criteria) { Band.where(origin: "tally") }
 
-        before do
-          context.exists?
-        end
+      let(:tally) do
+        criteria.tally("genres.y.z")
+      end
 
-        it "hits the database again" do
-          expect(context).to receive(:view).once.and_call_original
-          expect(context).to be_exists
-        end
+      it "returns the correct hash" do
+        expect(tally).to eq(
+          [1, 2] => 2,
+          [1, 3] => 1
+        )
       end
     end
 
-    context "when caching is enabled" do
+    context "when tallying deeply nested arrays/embedded associations" do
 
-      let(:criteria) do
-        Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode").cache
+      before do
+        Person.create!(addresses: [ Address.new(code: Code.new(deepest: Deepest.new(array: [ { y: { z: 1 } }, { y: { z: 2 } } ]))) ])
+        Person.create!(addresses: [ Address.new(code: Code.new(deepest: Deepest.new(array: [ { y: { z: 1 } }, { y: { z: 2 } } ]))) ])
+        Person.create!(addresses: [ Address.new(code: Code.new(deepest: Deepest.new(array: [ { y: { z: 1 } }, { y: { z: 3 } } ]))) ])
       end
 
-      let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria)
+      let(:tally) do
+        Person.tally("addresses.code.deepest.array.y.z")
       end
 
-      context "when the cache is loaded" do
-
-        before do
-          context.to_a
-        end
-
-        it "does not hit the database" do
-          expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-          expect(context).to be_exists
-        end
+      it "returns the correct hash" do
+        expect(tally).to eq(
+          [ [ 1, 2 ] ] => 2,
+          [ [ 1, 3 ] ] => 1
+        )
       end
+    end
 
-      context "when the cache is not loaded" do
+    context "when tallying deeply nested arrays/embedded associations" do
 
-        context "when a count has been executed" do
+      before do
+        Person.create!(addresses: [ Address.new(code: Code.new(deepest: Deepest.new(array: [ { y: { z: 1 } }, { y: { z: 2 } } ]))),
+                                    Address.new(code: Code.new(deepest: Deepest.new(array: [ { y: { z: 1 } }, { y: { z: 2 } } ]))) ])
+        Person.create!(addresses: [ Address.new(code: Code.new(deepest: Deepest.new(array: [ { y: { z: 1 } }, { y: { z: 2 } } ]))),
+                                    Address.new(code: Code.new(deepest: Deepest.new(array: [ { y: { z: 1 } }, { y: { z: 2 } } ]))) ])
+        Person.create!(addresses: [ Address.new(code: Code.new(deepest: Deepest.new(array: [ { y: { z: 1 } }, { y: { z: 3 } } ]))),
+                                    Address.new(code: Code.new(deepest: Deepest.new(array: [ { y: { z: 1 } }, { y: { z: 3 } } ]))) ])
+      end
 
-          before do
-            context.count
-          end
+      let(:tally) do
+        Person.tally("addresses.code.deepest.array.y.z")
+      end
 
-          it "does not hit the database" do
-            expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-            expect(context).to be_exists
-          end
-        end
+      it "returns the correct hash" do
+        expect(tally).to eq(
+          [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 1, 2 ] ] => 2,
+          [ [ 1, 3 ], [ 1, 3 ] ] => 1
+        )
       end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe "#explain" do
+    context "when some keys are missing" do
+      before do
+        3.times { Band.create!(origin: "tally") }
+      end
 
-    let(:criteria) do
-      Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
-    end
+      let(:tally) do
+        criteria.tally(:name)
+      end
 
-    let(:context) do
-      described_class.new(criteria)
-    end
-
-    it "returns the criteria explain path" do
-      expect(context.explain).to_not be_empty
+      it "returns the correct hash" do
+        expect(tally).to eq(
+          "Depeche Mode" => 1,
+          "New Order" => 1,
+          "10,000 Maniacs" => 1,
+          nil => 3
+        )
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  describe "#find_one_and_replace" do
+    context "when the first element is an embeds_one" do
+      before do
+        Person.create!(name: Name.new(translations: [ Translation.new(language: 1), Translation.new(language: 2) ]))
+        Person.create!(name: Name.new(translations: [ Translation.new(language: 1), Translation.new(language: 2) ]))
+        Person.create!(name: Name.new(translations: [ Translation.new(language: 1), Translation.new(language: 3) ]))
+      end
 
-    let!(:depeche) do
-      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
-    end
+      let(:tally) do
+        Person.tally("name.translations.language")
+      end
 
-    let!(:tool) do
-      Band.create!(name: "Tool")
+      it "returns the correct hash" do
+        expect(tally).to eq(
+          [1, 2] => 2,
+          [1, 3] => 1
+        )
+      end
     end
 
-    context "when the selector matches" do
-
-      context "when not providing options" do
+    context "when tallying demongoizable values from typeless fields" do
 
-        let(:criteria) do
-          Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
-        end
+      let!(:person1) { Person.create!(ssn: /hello/) }
+      let!(:person2) { Person.create!(ssn: BSON::Decimal128.new("1")) }
+      let(:tally) { Person.tally("ssn") }
 
-        let(:context) do
-          described_class.new(criteria)
+      let(:tallied_classes) do
+        tally.keys.map(&:class).sort do |a, b|
+          a.to_s.casecmp(b.to_s)
         end
+      end
 
-        let!(:result) do
-          context.find_one_and_replace(name: 'FKA Twigs')
-        end
+      context "< BSON 5" do
+        max_bson_version '4.99.99'
 
-        it "returns the first matching document" do
-          expect(result).to eq(depeche)
+        it "stores the correct types in the database" do
+          expect(Person.find(person1.id).attributes["ssn"]).to be_a BSON::Regexp::Raw
+          expect(Person.find(person2.id).attributes["ssn"]).to be_a BSON::Decimal128
         end
 
-        it "updates the document in the database" do
-          expect(depeche.reload.name).to eq('FKA Twigs')
+        it "tallies the correct type" do
+          expect(tallied_classes).to be == [ BSON::Decimal128, BSON::Regexp::Raw ]
         end
       end
 
-      context "when sorting" do
+      context '>= BSON 5' do
+        min_bson_version "5.0"
 
-        let(:criteria) do
-          Band.desc(:name)
+        it "stores the correct types in the database" do
+          expect(Person.find(person1.id).ssn).to be_a BSON::Regexp::Raw
+          expect(Person.find(person2.id).ssn).to be_a BigDecimal
         end
 
-        let(:context) do
-          described_class.new(criteria)
+        it "tallies the correct type" do
+          expect(tallied_classes).to be == [ BigDecimal, BSON::Regexp::Raw ]
         end
+      end
 
-        let!(:result) do
-          context.find_one_and_replace(likes: 1)
-        end
+      context '>= BSON 5 with decimal128 allowed' do
+        min_bson_version "5.0"
+        config_override :allow_bson5_decimal128, true
 
-        it "returns the first matching document" do
-          expect(result).to eq(tool)
+        it "stores the correct types in the database" do
+          expect(Person.find(person1.id).ssn).to be_a BSON::Regexp::Raw
+          expect(Person.find(person2.id).ssn).to be_a BSON::Decimal128
         end
 
-        it "updates the document in the database" do
-          expect(tool.reload.likes).to eq(1)
-          expect(tool.reload.name).to be_nil
+        it "tallies the correct type" do
+          expect(tallied_classes).to be == [ BSON::Decimal128, BSON::Regexp::Raw ]
         end
       end
+    end
+  end
 
-      context "when limiting fields" do
+  describe "#each" do
 
-        let(:criteria) do
-          Band.only(:_id)
-        end
+    before do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
 
-        let(:context) do
-          described_class.new(criteria)
-        end
+    let(:criteria) do
+      Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
 
-        let!(:result) do
-          context.find_one_and_replace(name: 'FKA Twigs', likes: 1)
-        end
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
 
-        it "returns the first matching document" do
-          expect(result).to eq(depeche)
-        end
+    context 'when the criteria has a collation' do
+      min_server_version '3.4'
 
-        it "limits the returned fields" do
-          expect(result.name).to be_nil
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "DEPECHE MODE").collation(locale: 'en_US', strength: 2)
+      end
+
+      it "yields mongoid documents to the block" do
+        context.each do |doc|
+          expect(doc).to be_a(Mongoid::Document)
         end
+      end
 
-        it "updates the document in the database" do
-          expect(depeche.reload.likes).to eq(1)
+      it "iterates over the matching documents" do
+        context.each do |doc|
+          expect(doc.name).to eq("Depeche Mode")
         end
       end
 
-      context "when returning new" do
+      it "returns self" do
+        expect(context.each{}).to be(context)
+      end
+    end
 
-        let(:criteria) do
-          Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
-        end
+    context "when providing a block" do
 
-        let(:context) do
-          described_class.new(criteria)
+      it "yields mongoid documents to the block" do
+        context.each do |doc|
+          expect(doc).to be_a(Mongoid::Document)
         end
+      end
 
-        let!(:result) do
-          context.find_one_and_replace({ likes: 1 }, return_document: :after)
+      it "iterates over the matching documents" do
+        context.each do |doc|
+          expect(doc.name).to eq("Depeche Mode")
         end
+      end
 
-        it "returns the first matching document" do
-          expect(result).to eq(depeche)
-        end
+      it "returns self" do
+        expect(context.each{}).to be(context)
+      end
+    end
 
-        it "returns the updated document" do
-          expect(result.name).to be_nil
-          expect(result.likes).to eq(1)
-        end
+    context "when no block is provided" do
+
+      let(:enum) do
+        context.each
       end
 
-      context 'when a collation is specified on the criteria' do
-        min_server_version '3.4'
+      it "returns an enumerator" do
+        expect(enum).to be_a(Enumerator)
+      end
 
-        let(:criteria) do
-          Band.where(name: "DEPECHE MODE").collation(locale: 'en_US', strength: 2)
-        end
+      context "when iterating over the enumerator" do
 
-        let(:context) do
-          described_class.new(criteria)
-        end
+        context "when iterating with each" do
 
-        let!(:result) do
-          context.find_one_and_replace({ likes: 1 }, return_document: :after)
+          it "yields mongoid documents to the block" do
+            enum.each do |doc|
+              expect(doc).to be_a(Mongoid::Document)
+            end
+          end
         end
 
-        it "returns the first matching document" do
-          expect(result).to eq(depeche)
-        end
+        context "when iterating with next" do
 
-        it "returns the updated document" do
-          expect(result.likes).to eq(1)
-          expect(result.name).to be_nil
+          before do
+            10.times { |i| Band.create!(name: "Test #{i}") }
+          end
+
+          let(:criteria) do
+            Band.batch_size(5)
+          end
+
+          it "yields mongoid documents" do
+            expect(enum.next).to be_a(Mongoid::Document)
+          end
+
+          it "does not load all documents" do
+            subscriber = Mrss::EventSubscriber.new
+            context.view.client.subscribe(Mongo::Monitoring::COMMAND, subscriber)
+
+            enum.next
+
+            find_events = subscriber.all_events.select do |evt|
+              evt.command_name == 'find'
+            end
+            expect(find_events.length).to be(2)
+            get_more_events = subscriber.all_events.select do |evt|
+              evt.command_name == 'getMore'
+            end
+            expect(get_more_events.length).to be(0)
+          ensure
+            context.view.client.unsubscribe(Mongo::Monitoring::COMMAND, subscriber)
+          end
         end
       end
     end
 
-    context "when the selector does not match" do
+    context 'when the criteria has a parent document' do
 
-      let(:criteria) do
-        Band.where(name: "DEPECHE MODE")
+      before do
+        Post.create!(person: person)
+        Post.create!(person: person)
+        Post.create!(person: person)
       end
 
-      let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria)
+      let(:person) do
+        Person.new
       end
 
-      let(:result) do
-        context.find_one_and_replace(name: 'FKA Twigs')
+      let(:criteria) do
+        person.posts.all
       end
 
-      it "returns nil" do
-        expect(result).to be_nil
+      let(:persons) do
+        criteria.collect(&:person)
+      end
+
+      it 'sets the same parent object on each related object' do
+        expect(persons.uniq.size).to eq(1)
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#find_one_and_update" do
+  describe "#eager_load" do
 
-    let!(:depeche) do
-      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    let(:criteria) do
+      Person.includes(:game)
     end
 
-    let!(:tool) do
-      Band.create!(name: "Tool")
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
     end
 
-    context "when the selector matches" do
+    context "when no documents are returned" do
 
-      context "when not providing options" do
+      let(:game_association) do
+        Person.reflect_on_association(:game)
+      end
+
+      it "does not make any additional database queries" do
+        expect(game_association).to receive(:eager_load).never
+        context.send(:eager_load, [])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#exists?" do
+
+    let!(:band) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode", active: true)
+    end
+
+    context "when not passing options" do
+
+      context "when the count is zero" do
 
         let(:criteria) do
-          Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
+          Band.where(name: "New Order")
         end
 
         let(:context) do
           described_class.new(criteria)
         end
 
-        let!(:result) do
-          context.find_one_and_update("$inc" => { likes: 1 })
-        end
-
-        it "returns the first matching document" do
-          expect(result).to eq(depeche)
-        end
-
-        it "updates the document in the database" do
-          expect(depeche.reload.likes).to eq(1)
+        it "returns false" do
+          expect(context).to_not be_exists
         end
       end
 
-      context "when sorting" do
+      context "when the count is greater than zero" do
 
         let(:criteria) do
-          Band.desc(:name)
+          Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
         end
 
         let(:context) do
           described_class.new(criteria)
         end
 
-        let!(:result) do
-          context.find_one_and_update("$inc" => { likes: 1 })
+        it "returns true" do
+          expect(context).to be_exists
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when caching is not enabled" do
+
+        let(:criteria) do
+          Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
+        end
+
+        let(:context) do
+          described_class.new(criteria)
+        end
+
+        context "when exists? already called and query cache is enabled" do
+          query_cache_enabled
+
+          before do
+            context.exists?
+          end
+
+          it "does not hit the database again" do
+            expect_no_queries do
+              expect(context).to be_exists
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when passing an _id" do
+
+      context "when its of type BSON::ObjectId" do
+
+        context "when calling it on the class" do
+
+          it "returns true" do
+            expect(Band.exists?(band._id)).to be true
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when calling it on a criteria that includes the object" do
+
+          it "returns true" do
+            expect(Band.where(name: band.name).exists?(band._id)).to be true
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when calling it on a criteria that does not include the object" do
+
+          it "returns false" do
+            expect(Band.where(name: "bogus").exists?(band._id)).to be false
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the id does not exist" do
+
+          it "returns false" do
+            expect(Band.exists?(BSON::ObjectId.new)).to be false
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when its of type String" do
+
+        context "when the id exists" do
+
+          it "returns true" do
+            expect(Band.exists?(band._id.to_s)).to be true
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the id does not exist" do
+
+          it "returns false" do
+            expect(Band.exists?(BSON::ObjectId.new.to_s)).to be false
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when passing a hash" do
+
+      context "when calling it on the class" do
+
+        it "returns true" do
+          expect(Band.exists?(name: band.name)).to be true
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when calling it on a criteria that includes the object" do
+
+        it "returns true" do
+          expect(Band.where(active: true).exists?(name: band.name)).to be true
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when calling it on a criteria that does not include the object" do
+
+        it "returns false" do
+          expect(Band.where(active: false).exists?(name: band.name)).to be false
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the conditions don't match" do
+
+        it "returns false" do
+          expect(Band.exists?(name: "bogus")).to be false
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when passing false" do
+
+      it "returns false" do
+        expect(Band.exists?(false)).to be false
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when passing nil" do
+
+      it "returns false" do
+        expect(Band.exists?(nil)).to be false
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the limit is 0" do
+
+      it "returns false" do
+        expect(Band.limit(0).exists?).to be false
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the criteria limit is 0" do
+
+      it "returns false" do
+        expect(Band.criteria.limit(0).exists?).to be false
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#explain" do
+
+    let(:criteria) do
+      Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
+
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
+
+    it "returns the criteria explain path" do
+      explain = context.explain
+      expect(explain).to_not be_empty
+      expect(explain.keys).to include("queryPlanner", "executionStats", "serverInfo")
+    end
+
+    it "respects options passed to explain" do
+      explain = context.explain(verbosity: :query_planner)
+      expect(explain).to_not be_empty
+      expect(explain.keys).to include("queryPlanner", "serverInfo")
+      expect(explain.keys).not_to include("executionStats")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#find_one_and_replace" do
+
+    let!(:depeche) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
+
+    let!(:tool) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Tool")
+    end
+
+    context "when the selector matches" do
+
+      context "when not providing options" do
+
+        let(:criteria) do
+          Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
+        end
+
+        let(:context) do
+          described_class.new(criteria)
+        end
+
+        let!(:result) do
+          context.find_one_and_replace(name: 'FKA Twigs')
+        end
+
+        it "returns the first matching document" do
+          expect(result).to eq(depeche)
+        end
+
+        it "updates the document in the database" do
+          expect(depeche.reload.name).to eq('FKA Twigs')
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when sorting" do
+
+        let(:criteria) do
+          Band.desc(:name)
+        end
+
+        let(:context) do
+          described_class.new(criteria)
+        end
+
+        let!(:result) do
+          context.find_one_and_replace(likes: 1)
         end
 
         it "returns the first matching document" do
@@ -1295,6 +1658,7 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
 
         it "updates the document in the database" do
           expect(tool.reload.likes).to eq(1)
+          expect(tool.reload.name).to be_nil
         end
       end
 
@@ -1309,7 +1673,7 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
         end
 
         let!(:result) do
-          context.find_one_and_update("$inc" => { likes: 1 })
+          context.find_one_and_replace(name: 'FKA Twigs', likes: 1)
         end
 
         it "returns the first matching document" do
@@ -1336,7 +1700,7 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
         end
 
         let!(:result) do
-          context.find_one_and_update({ "$inc" => { likes: 1 }}, return_document: :after)
+          context.find_one_and_replace({ likes: 1 }, return_document: :after)
         end
 
         it "returns the first matching document" do
@@ -1344,6 +1708,7 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
         end
 
         it "returns the updated document" do
+          expect(result.name).to be_nil
           expect(result.likes).to eq(1)
         end
       end
@@ -1360,7 +1725,7 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
         end
 
         let!(:result) do
-          context.find_one_and_update({ "$inc" => { likes: 1 }}, return_document: :after)
+          context.find_one_and_replace({ likes: 1 }, return_document: :after)
         end
 
         it "returns the first matching document" do
@@ -1369,6 +1734,7 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
 
         it "returns the updated document" do
           expect(result.likes).to eq(1)
+          expect(result.name).to be_nil
         end
       end
     end
@@ -1376,7 +1742,7 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
     context "when the selector does not match" do
 
       let(:criteria) do
-        Band.where(name: "Placebo")
+        Band.where(name: "DEPECHE MODE")
       end
 
       let(:context) do
@@ -1384,7 +1750,7 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
       end
 
       let(:result) do
-        context.find_one_and_update("$inc" => { likes: 1 })
+        context.find_one_and_replace(name: 'FKA Twigs')
       end
 
       it "returns nil" do
@@ -1393,41 +1759,22 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#find_one_and_delete" do
+  describe "#find_one_and_update" do
 
     let!(:depeche) do
       Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
     end
 
-    let(:criteria) do
-      Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
-    end
-
-    let(:context) do
-      described_class.new(criteria)
-    end
-
-    let!(:result) do
-      context.find_one_and_delete
+    let!(:tool) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Tool")
     end
 
-    context 'when the selector matches a document' do
-
-      it "returns the first matching document" do
-        expect(result).to eq(depeche)
-      end
-
-      it "deletes the document from the database" do
-        expect {
-          depeche.reload
-        }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound)
-      end
+    context "when the selector matches" do
 
-      context 'when a collation is specified on the criteria' do
-        min_server_version '3.4'
+      context "when not providing options" do
 
         let(:criteria) do
-          Band.where(name: "DEPECHE MODE").collation(locale: 'en_US', strength: 2)
+          Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
         end
 
         let(:context) do
@@ -1435,72 +1782,244 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
         end
 
         let!(:result) do
-          context.find_one_and_delete
+          context.find_one_and_update("$inc" => { likes: 1 })
         end
 
         it "returns the first matching document" do
           expect(result).to eq(depeche)
         end
 
-        it "deletes the document from the database" do
-          expect {
-            depeche.reload
-          }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound)
+        it "updates the document in the database" do
+          expect(depeche.reload.likes).to eq(1)
         end
       end
-    end
-
-    context 'when the selector does not match a document' do
-
-      let(:criteria) do
-        Band.where(name: "Placebo")
-      end
-
-      let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria)
-      end
-
-      let(:result) do
-        context.find_one_and_delete
-      end
-
-      it "returns nil" do
-        expect(result).to be_nil
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  [ :first, :one ].each do |method|
-
-    describe "##{method}" do
-
-      let!(:depeche_mode) do
-        Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
-      end
-
-      let!(:new_order) do
-        Band.create!(name: "New Order")
-      end
-
-      let!(:rolling_stones) do
-        Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
-      end
 
-      context "when the context is not cached" do
+      context "when sorting" do
 
         let(:criteria) do
-          Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
+          Band.desc(:name)
         end
 
         let(:context) do
           described_class.new(criteria)
         end
 
-        it "returns the first matching document" do
-          expect(context.send(method)).to eq(depeche_mode)
+        let!(:result) do
+          context.find_one_and_update("$inc" => { likes: 1 })
         end
 
-        context 'when the criteria has a collation' do
+        it "returns the first matching document" do
+          expect(result).to eq(tool)
+        end
+
+        it "updates the document in the database" do
+          expect(tool.reload.likes).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when limiting fields" do
+
+        let(:criteria) do
+          Band.only(:_id)
+        end
+
+        let(:context) do
+          described_class.new(criteria)
+        end
+
+        let!(:result) do
+          context.find_one_and_update("$inc" => { likes: 1 })
+        end
+
+        it "returns the first matching document" do
+          expect(result).to eq(depeche)
+        end
+
+        it "limits the returned fields" do
+          expect(result.name).to be_nil
+        end
+
+        it "updates the document in the database" do
+          expect(depeche.reload.likes).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when returning new" do
+
+        let(:criteria) do
+          Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
+        end
+
+        let(:context) do
+          described_class.new(criteria)
+        end
+
+        let!(:result) do
+          context.find_one_and_update({ "$inc" => { likes: 1 }}, return_document: :after)
+        end
+
+        it "returns the first matching document" do
+          expect(result).to eq(depeche)
+        end
+
+        it "returns the updated document" do
+          expect(result.likes).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when a collation is specified on the criteria' do
+        min_server_version '3.4'
+
+        let(:criteria) do
+          Band.where(name: "DEPECHE MODE").collation(locale: 'en_US', strength: 2)
+        end
+
+        let(:context) do
+          described_class.new(criteria)
+        end
+
+        let!(:result) do
+          context.find_one_and_update({ "$inc" => { likes: 1 }}, return_document: :after)
+        end
+
+        it "returns the first matching document" do
+          expect(result).to eq(depeche)
+        end
+
+        it "returns the updated document" do
+          expect(result.likes).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the selector does not match" do
+
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "Placebo")
+      end
+
+      let(:context) do
+        described_class.new(criteria)
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        context.find_one_and_update("$inc" => { likes: 1 })
+      end
+
+      it "returns nil" do
+        expect(result).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#find_one_and_delete" do
+
+    let!(:depeche) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
+
+    let(:criteria) do
+      Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
+
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
+
+    let!(:result) do
+      context.find_one_and_delete
+    end
+
+    context 'when the selector matches a document' do
+
+      it "returns the first matching document" do
+        expect(result).to eq(depeche)
+      end
+
+      it "deletes the document from the database" do
+        expect {
+          depeche.reload
+        }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Document\(s\) not found for class Band with id\(s\)/)
+      end
+
+      context 'when a collation is specified on the criteria' do
+        min_server_version '3.4'
+
+        let(:criteria) do
+          Band.where(name: "DEPECHE MODE").collation(locale: 'en_US', strength: 2)
+        end
+
+        let(:context) do
+          described_class.new(criteria)
+        end
+
+        let!(:result) do
+          context.find_one_and_delete
+        end
+
+        it "returns the first matching document" do
+          expect(result).to eq(depeche)
+        end
+
+        it "deletes the document from the database" do
+          expect {
+            depeche.reload
+          }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Document\(s\) not found for class Band with id\(s\)/)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the selector does not match a document' do
+
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "Placebo")
+      end
+
+      let(:context) do
+        described_class.new(criteria)
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        context.find_one_and_delete
+      end
+
+      it "returns nil" do
+        expect(result).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  [ :first, :one ].each do |method|
+
+    describe "##{method}" do
+
+      let!(:depeche_mode) do
+        Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+      end
+
+      let!(:new_order) do
+        Band.create!(name: "New Order")
+      end
+
+      let!(:rolling_stones) do
+        Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+      end
+
+      context "when the context is not cached" do
+
+        let(:criteria) do
+          Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
+        end
+
+        let(:context) do
+          described_class.new(criteria)
+        end
+
+        it "returns the first matching document" do
+          expect(context.send(method)).to eq(depeche_mode)
+        end
+
+        context 'when the criteria has a collation' do
           min_server_version '3.4'
 
           let(:criteria) do
@@ -1561,24 +2080,6 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
             expect(context.last).to eq(rolling_stones)
           end
         end
-
-        context 'with option { id_sort: :none }' do
-          let(:opts) do
-            { id_sort: :none }
-          end
-
-          it 'applies the sort on _id' do
-            expect(context.send(method, opts)).to eq(depeche_mode)
-          end
-
-          context 'when calling #last' do
-
-            it 'doesn\'t apply a sort on _id' do
-              expect(context.send(method, opts)).to eq(depeche_mode)
-              expect(context.last(opts)).to eq(depeche_mode)
-            end
-          end
-        end
       end
 
       context 'when the criteria has a sort' do
@@ -1602,25 +2103,6 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
             expect(context.last).to eq(depeche_mode)
           end
         end
-
-        context 'with option { id_sort: :none }' do
-
-          let(:opts) do
-            { id_sort: :none }
-          end
-
-          it 'uses the preexisting sort' do
-            expect(context.send(method, opts)).to eq(rolling_stones)
-          end
-
-          context 'when calling #last' do
-
-            it 'uses the preexisting sort' do
-              expect(context.send(method, opts)).to eq(rolling_stones)
-              expect(context.last(opts)).to eq(depeche_mode)
-            end
-          end
-        end
       end
 
       context "when using .sort" do
@@ -1649,28 +2131,17 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
         end
       end
 
-      context "when the context is cached" do
+      context "when the query cache is enabled" do
+        query_cache_enabled
 
         let(:criteria) do
-          Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode").cache
+          Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
         end
 
         let(:context) do
           described_class.new(criteria)
         end
 
-        context "when the cache is loaded" do
-
-          before do
-            context.to_a
-          end
-
-          it "returns the first document without touching the database" do
-            expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-            expect(context.send(method)).to eq(depeche_mode)
-          end
-        end
-
         context "when first method was called before" do
 
           before do
@@ -1678,8 +2149,9 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
           end
 
           it "returns the first document without touching the database" do
-            expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-            expect(context.send(method)).to eq(depeche_mode)
+            expect_no_queries do
+              expect(context.send(method)).to eq(depeche_mode)
+            end
           end
         end
       end
@@ -1733,86 +2205,30 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the context is cached" do
+        context "when the query cache is enabled" do
 
           let(:context) do
             described_class.new(criteria)
           end
 
-          context "when the whole context is loaded" do
+          context "when calling first beforehand" do
+            query_cache_enabled
 
-            before do
-              context.to_a
+            let(:context) do
+              described_class.new(criteria)
             end
 
-            context "when all of the documents are cached" do
-
-              let(:criteria) do
-                Band.all.cache
-              end
+            let(:criteria) do
+              Band.all
+            end
 
-              context "when requesting all of the documents" do
+            before do
+              context.first(before_limit)
+            end
 
-                let(:docs) do
-                  context.send(method, 3)
-                end
-
-                it "returns all of the documents without touching the database" do
-                  expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-                  expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order, rolling_stones ])
-                end
-              end
-
-              context "when requesting fewer than all of the documents" do
-
-                let(:docs) do
-                  context.send(method, 2)
-                end
-
-                it "returns all of the documents without touching the database" do
-                  expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-                  expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order ])
-                end
-              end
-            end
-
-            context "when only one document is cached" do
-
-              let(:criteria) do
-                Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode").cache
-              end
-
-              context "when requesting one document" do
-
-                let(:docs) do
-                  context.send(method, 1)
-                end
-
-                it "returns one document without touching the database" do
-                  expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-                  expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode ])
-                end
-              end
-            end
-          end
-
-          context "when the first method was called before" do
-
-            let(:context) do
-              described_class.new(criteria)
-            end
-
-            let(:criteria) do
-              Band.all.cache
-            end
-
-            before do
-              context.first(before_limit)
-            end
-
-            let(:docs) do
-              context.send(method, limit)
-            end
+            let(:docs) do
+              context.send(method, limit)
+            end
 
             context "when getting all of the documents before" do
               let(:before_limit) { 3 }
@@ -1821,8 +2237,9 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
                 let(:limit) { 3 }
 
                 it "returns all documents without touching the database" do
-                  expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-                  expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order, rolling_stones ])
+                  expect_no_queries do
+                    expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order, rolling_stones ])
+                  end
                 end
               end
 
@@ -1830,8 +2247,9 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
                 let(:limit) { 2 }
 
                 it "returns the correct documents without touching the database" do
-                  expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-                  expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order ])
+                  expect_no_queries do
+                    expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order ])
+                  end
                 end
               end
             end
@@ -1843,8 +2261,9 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
                 let(:limit) { 2 }
 
                 it "returns the correct documents without touching the database" do
-                  expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-                  expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order ])
+                  expect_no_queries do
+                    expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order ])
+                  end
                 end
               end
 
@@ -1852,8 +2271,9 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
                 let(:limit) { 3 }
 
                 it "returns the correct documents and touches the database" do
-                  expect(context).to receive(:view).exactly(3).times.and_call_original
-                  expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order, rolling_stones ])
+                  expect_query(1) do
+                    expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order, rolling_stones ])
+                  end
                 end
               end
             end
@@ -1865,8 +2285,9 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
                 let(:limit) { 1 }
 
                 it "returns the correct documents without touching the database" do
-                  expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-                  expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode ])
+                  expect_no_queries do
+                    expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode ])
+                  end
                 end
               end
 
@@ -1874,8 +2295,9 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
                 let(:limit) { 3 }
 
                 it "returns the correct documents and touches the database" do
-                  expect(context).to receive(:view).exactly(3).times.and_call_original
-                  expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order, rolling_stones ])
+                  expect_query(1) do
+                    expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order, rolling_stones ])
+                  end
                 end
               end
             end
@@ -1883,14 +2305,15 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
         end
       end
 
-      context "when calling #first then #last" do
+      context "when calling #first then #last and the query cache is enabled" do
+        query_cache_enabled
 
         let(:context) do
           described_class.new(criteria)
         end
 
         let(:criteria) do
-          Band.all.cache
+          Band.all
         end
 
         before do
@@ -1905,8 +2328,10 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
           let(:before_limit) { 2 }
           let(:limit) { 1 }
 
-          it "gets the correct document" do
-            expect(docs).to eq([rolling_stones])
+          it "gets the correct document and hits the database" do
+            expect_query(1) do
+              expect(docs).to eq([rolling_stones])
+            end
           end
         end
       end
@@ -1996,30 +2421,10 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
       context 'when calling #first' do
 
         it 'returns the first document, sorted by _id' do
-          pending "MONGOID-5416"
           expect(context.last).to eq(rolling_stones)
           expect(context.first).to eq(depeche_mode)
         end
       end
-
-      context 'with option { id_sort: :none }' do
-        let(:opts) do
-          { id_sort: :none }
-        end
-
-        it 'doesn\'t apply the sort on _id' do
-          expect(context.last(opts)).to eq(depeche_mode)
-        end
-
-        context 'when calling #first' do
-
-          it 'doesn\'t apply the sort on _id' do
-            pending "MONGOID-5416"
-            expect(context.last(opts)).to eq(rolling_stones)
-            expect(context.first(opts)).to eq(depeche_mode)
-          end
-        end
-      end
     end
 
     context 'when the criteria has a sort' do
@@ -2044,25 +2449,6 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
           expect(context.first).to eq(rolling_stones)
         end
       end
-
-      context 'with option { id_sort: :none }' do
-
-        let(:opts) do
-          { id_sort: :none }
-        end
-
-        it 'uses the preexisting sort' do
-          expect(context.last(opts)).to eq(depeche_mode)
-        end
-
-        context 'when calling #first' do
-
-          it 'uses the preexisting sort' do
-            expect(context.last(opts)).to eq(depeche_mode)
-            expect(context.first(opts)).to eq(rolling_stones)
-          end
-        end
-      end
     end
 
     context "when using .sort" do
@@ -2091,28 +2477,17 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
       end
     end
 
-    context "when the context is cached" do
+    context "when the query cache is enabled" do
+      query_cache_enabled
 
       let(:criteria) do
-        Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode").cache
+        Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
       end
 
       let(:context) do
         described_class.new(criteria)
       end
 
-      context "when the cache is loaded" do
-
-        before do
-          context.to_a
-        end
-
-        it "returns the last document without touching the database" do
-          expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-          expect(context.last).to eq(depeche_mode)
-        end
-      end
-
       context "when last method was called before" do
 
         before do
@@ -2120,8 +2495,9 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
         end
 
         it "returns the last document without touching the database" do
-          expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-          expect(context.last).to eq(depeche_mode)
+          expect_no_queries do
+            expect(context.last).to eq(depeche_mode)
+          end
         end
       end
     end
@@ -2181,71 +2557,15 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
           described_class.new(criteria)
         end
 
-        context "when the whole context is loaded" do
-
-          before do
-            context.to_a
-          end
-
-          context "when all of the documents are cached" do
-
-            let(:criteria) do
-              Band.all.cache
-            end
-
-            context "when requesting all of the documents" do
-
-              let(:docs) do
-                context.last(3)
-              end
-
-              it "returns all of the documents without touching the database" do
-                expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-                expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order, rolling_stones ])
-              end
-            end
-
-            context "when requesting fewer than all of the documents" do
-
-              let(:docs) do
-                context.last(2)
-              end
-
-              it "returns all of the documents without touching the database" do
-                expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-                expect(docs).to eq([ new_order, rolling_stones ])
-              end
-            end
-          end
-
-          context "when only one document is cached" do
-
-            let(:criteria) do
-              Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode").cache
-            end
-
-            context "when requesting one document" do
-
-              let(:docs) do
-                context.last(1)
-              end
-
-              it "returns one document without touching the database" do
-                expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-                expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode ])
-              end
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        context "when the last method was called before" do
+        context "when query cache is enabled" do
+          query_cache_enabled
 
           let(:context) do
             described_class.new(criteria)
           end
 
           let(:criteria) do
-            Band.all.cache
+            Band.all
           end
 
           before do
@@ -2262,18 +2582,20 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
             context "when getting all of the documents" do
               let(:limit) { 3 }
 
-              it "returns all documents without touching the database" do
-                expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-                expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order, rolling_stones ])
+              it "returns all documents without touching the db" do
+                expect_no_queries do
+                  expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order, rolling_stones ])
+                end
               end
             end
 
             context "when getting fewer documents" do
               let(:limit) { 2 }
 
-              it "returns the correct documents without touching the database" do
-                expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-                expect(docs).to eq([ new_order, rolling_stones ])
+              it "returns the correct documents without touching the db" do
+                expect_no_queries do
+                  expect(docs).to eq([ new_order, rolling_stones ])
+                end
               end
             end
           end
@@ -2284,9 +2606,10 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
             context "when getting the same number of documents" do
               let(:limit) { 2 }
 
-              it "returns the correct documents without touching the database" do
-                expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-                expect(docs).to eq([ new_order, rolling_stones ])
+              it "returns the correct documents without touching the db" do
+                expect_no_queries do
+                  expect(docs).to eq([ new_order, rolling_stones ])
+                end
               end
             end
 
@@ -2294,8 +2617,9 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
               let(:limit) { 3 }
 
               it "returns the correct documents and touches the database" do
-                expect(context).to receive(:view).twice.and_call_original
-                expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order, rolling_stones ])
+                expect_query(1) do
+                  expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order, rolling_stones ])
+                end
               end
             end
           end
@@ -2307,8 +2631,9 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
               let(:limit) { 1 }
 
               it "returns the correct documents without touching the database" do
-                expect(context).to receive(:view).never
-                expect(docs).to eq([ rolling_stones ])
+                expect_no_queries do
+                  expect(docs).to eq([ rolling_stones ])
+                end
               end
             end
 
@@ -2316,8 +2641,9 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
               let(:limit) { 3 }
 
               it "returns the correct documents and touches the database" do
-                expect(context).to receive(:view).twice.and_call_original
-                expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order, rolling_stones ])
+                expect_query(1) do
+                  expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode, new_order, rolling_stones ])
+                end
               end
             end
           end
@@ -2325,14 +2651,15 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
       end
     end
 
-    context "when calling #last then #first" do
+    context "when calling #last then #first and the query cache is enabled" do
+      query_cache_enabled
 
       let(:context) do
         described_class.new(criteria)
       end
 
       let(:criteria) do
-        Band.all.cache
+        Band.all
       end
 
       before do
@@ -2348,12 +2675,12 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
         let(:limit) { 1 }
 
         it "hits the database" do
-          expect(context).to receive(:view).exactly(3).times.and_call_original
-          docs
+          expect_query(1) do
+            docs
+          end
         end
 
         it "gets the correct document" do
-          pending "MONGOID-5416"
           expect(docs).to eq([ depeche_mode ])
         end
       end
@@ -2406,37 +2733,28 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
           described_class.new(criteria)
         end
 
-        it "returns the number of documents that match" do
-          expect(context.send(method)).to eq(2)
-        end
+        context "when broken_view_options is false" do
+          driver_config_override :broken_view_options, false
 
-        context "when calling more than once" do
-          it "returns the cached value for subsequent calls" do
-            expect(context.view).to receive(:count_documents).once.and_return(2)
-            2.times { expect(context.send(method)).to eq(2) }
+          it "returns the number of documents that match" do
+            expect(context.send(method)).to eq(1)
           end
         end
 
-        context "when the results have been iterated over" do
-
-          before do
-            context.entries
-          end
+        context "when broken_view_options is true" do
+          driver_config_override :broken_view_options, true
 
-          it "returns the cached value for all calls" do
-            expect(context.view).to receive(:count_documents).once.and_return(2)
+          it "returns the number of documents that match" do
             expect(context.send(method)).to eq(2)
           end
+        end
 
-          context "when the results have been iterated over multiple times" do
-
-            before do
-              context.entries
-            end
+        context "when calling more than once with different limits" do
+          driver_config_override :broken_view_options, false
 
-            it "resets the length on each full iteration" do
-              expect(context.size).to eq(2)
-            end
+          it "does not cache the value" do
+            expect(context.limit(1).send(method)).to eq(1)
+            expect(context.limit(2).send(method)).to eq(2)
           end
         end
       end
@@ -2455,10 +2773,12 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
           expect(context.send(method)).to eq(1)
         end
 
-        context "when calling more than once" do
-          it "returns the cached value for subsequent calls" do
-            expect(context.view).to receive(:count_documents).once.and_return(1)
-            2.times { expect(context.send(method)).to eq(1) }
+        context "when calling more than once with different skips" do
+          driver_config_override :broken_view_options, false
+
+          it "does not cache the value" do
+            expect(context.skip(0).send(method)).to eq(1)
+            expect(context.skip(1).send(method)).to eq(0)
           end
         end
 
@@ -2580,7 +2900,7 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
       it "raises an error" do
         expect do
           Person.take!
-        end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound)
+        end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Could not find a document of class Person./)
       end
     end
   end
@@ -2602,9 +2922,10 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
 
     context "when passed the symbol field name" do
 
-      it "performs mapping and warns" do
-        expect(Mongoid::Warnings).to receive(:warn_map_field_deprecated)
-        expect(context.map(:name)).to eq ["Depeche Mode", "New Order"]
+      it "raises an error" do
+        expect do
+          context.map(:name)
+        end.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
       end
     end
 
@@ -2833,219 +3154,948 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
         described_class.new(criteria)
       end
 
-      let(:results) do
-        context.map_reduce(map, reduce).out(inline: 1)
+      let(:results) do
+        context.map_reduce(map, reduce).out(inline: 1)
+      end
+
+      it "returns the first aggregate result" do
+        expect(results).to include(
+          { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200 }}
+        )
+      end
+
+      it "returns the correct number of documents" do
+        expect(results.count).to eq(1)
+      end
+
+      it "contains the entire raw results" do
+        expect(results["results"]).to eq([
+          { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200 }}
+        ])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the output is replace" do
+
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.limit(1)
+      end
+
+      let(:context) do
+        described_class.new(criteria)
+      end
+
+      let(:results) do
+        context.map_reduce(map, reduce).out(replace: "mr-output")
+      end
+
+      it "returns the correct number of documents" do
+        expect(results.count).to eq(1)
+      end
+
+      it "contains the entire results" do
+        expect(results).to eq([
+          { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200 }}
+        ])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the output is reduce" do
+
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.limit(1)
+      end
+
+      let(:context) do
+        described_class.new(criteria)
+      end
+
+      let(:results) do
+        context.map_reduce(map, reduce).out(reduce: :mr_output)
+      end
+
+      it "returns the correct number of documents" do
+        expect(results.count).to eq(1)
+      end
+
+      it "contains the entire results" do
+        expect(results).to eq([
+          { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200 }}
+        ])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the output is merge" do
+
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.limit(1)
+      end
+
+      let(:context) do
+        described_class.new(criteria)
+      end
+
+      let(:results) do
+        context.map_reduce(map, reduce).out(merge: :mr_output)
+      end
+
+      it "returns the correct number of documents" do
+        expect(results.count).to eq(1)
+      end
+
+      it "contains the entire results" do
+        expect(results).to eq([
+          { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200 }}
+        ])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the output specifies a different db" do
+      # Limit is not supported in sharded clusters
+      require_topology :single, :replica_set
+
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.limit(1)
+      end
+
+      let(:context) do
+        described_class.new(criteria)
+      end
+
+      after do
+        Band.with(database: 'another-db') do |b|
+          b.all.delete
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when db is a string' do
+
+        let(:results) do
+          context.map_reduce(map, reduce).out(merge: :mr_output, db: 'another-db')
+        end
+
+        it "returns the correct number of documents" do
+          expect(results.count).to eq(1)
+        end
+
+        it "contains the entire results" do
+          expect(results).to eq([
+                                    { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200 }}
+                                ])
+        end
+
+        it 'writes to the specified db' do
+          expect(Band.mongo_client.with(database: 'another-db')[:mr_output].find.count).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when db is a symbol' do
+
+        let(:results) do
+          context.map_reduce(map, reduce).out(merge: :mr_output, 'db' => 'another-db')
+        end
+
+        it "returns the correct number of documents" do
+          expect(results.count).to eq(1)
+        end
+
+        it "contains the entire results" do
+          expect(results).to eq([
+                                    { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200 }}
+                                ])
+        end
+
+        it 'writes to the specified db' do
+          expect(Band.mongo_client.with(database: 'another-db')[:mr_output].find.count).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when providing no output" do
+
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.limit(1)
+      end
+
+      let(:context) do
+        described_class.new(criteria)
+      end
+
+      let(:results) do
+        context.map_reduce(map, reduce)
+      end
+
+      it "raises an error" do
+        expect {
+          results.entries
+        }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::NoMapReduceOutput)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when providing a finalize" do
+
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.limit(1)
+      end
+
+      let(:context) do
+        described_class.new(criteria)
+      end
+
+      let(:finalize) do
+        %Q{
+        function(key, value) {
+          value.extra = true;
+          return value;
+        }}
+      end
+
+      let(:results) do
+        context.map_reduce(map, reduce).out(inline: 1).finalize(finalize)
+      end
+
+      it "returns the correct number of documents" do
+        expect(results.count).to eq(1)
+      end
+
+      it "contains the entire results" do
+        expect(results).to eq([
+          { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200, "extra" => true }}
+        ])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#skip" do
+
+    let!(:depeche_mode) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
+
+    let!(:new_order) do
+      Band.create!(name: "New Order")
+    end
+
+    let(:criteria) do
+      Band.all
+    end
+
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
+
+    it "limits the results" do
+      expect(context.skip(1).entries).to eq([ new_order ])
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#sort" do
+
+    let!(:depeche_mode) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
+
+    let!(:new_order) do
+      Band.create!(name: "New Order")
+    end
+
+    let(:criteria) do
+      Band.all
+    end
+
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
+
+    context "when providing a spec" do
+
+      it "sorts the results" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: -1).entries).to eq([ new_order, depeche_mode ])
+      end
+
+      it "returns the context" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1)).to eq(context)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when providing a block" do
+
+      let(:sorted) do
+        context.sort do |a, b|
+          b.name <=> a.name
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "sorts the results in memory" do
+        expect(sorted).to eq([ new_order, depeche_mode ])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#update" do
+
+    let!(:depeche_mode) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
+
+    let!(:new_order) do
+      Band.create!(name: "New Order")
+    end
+
+    let(:criteria) do
+      Band.all
+    end
+
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
+
+    context "when adding an element to a HABTM set" do
+
+      let(:person) do
+        Person.create!
+      end
+
+      let(:preference) do
+        Preference.create!
+      end
+
+      before do
+        Person.where(id: person.id).
+          update("$addToSet" => { preference_ids: preference.id })
+      end
+
+      it "adds a single element to the array" do
+        expect(person.reload.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when providing attributes" do
+
+      context "when the attributes are of the correct type" do
+
+        before do
+          context.update(name: "Smiths")
+        end
+
+        it "updates only the first matching document" do
+          expect(depeche_mode.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
+        end
+
+        it "does not update the last matching document" do
+          expect(new_order.reload.name).to eq("New Order")
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the attributes must be mongoized" do
+
+        context "when coercing a string to integer" do
+
+          before do
+            context.update(member_count: "1")
+          end
+
+          it "updates the first matching document" do
+            expect(depeche_mode.reload.member_count).to eq(1)
+          end
+
+          it "does not update the last matching document" do
+            expect(new_order.reload.member_count).to be_nil
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when coercing a string to date" do
+
+          before do
+            context.update(founded: "1979/1/1")
+          end
+
+          it "updates the first matching document" do
+            expect(depeche_mode.reload.founded).to eq(Date.new(1979, 1, 1))
+          end
+
+          it "does not update the last matching document" do
+            expect(new_order.reload.founded).to be_nil
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when providing atomic operations" do
+
+      context "when only atomic operations are provided" do
+
+        context "when the attributes are in the correct type" do
+
+          before do
+            context.update("$set" => { name: "Smiths" })
+          end
+
+          it "updates the first matching document" do
+            expect(depeche_mode.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
+          end
+
+          it "does not update the last matching document" do
+            expect(new_order.reload.name).to eq("New Order")
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the attributes must be mongoized" do
+
+          before do
+            context.update("$set" => { member_count: "1" })
+          end
+
+          it "updates the first matching document" do
+            expect(depeche_mode.reload.member_count).to eq(1)
+          end
+
+          it "does not update the last matching document" do
+            expect(new_order.reload.member_count).to be_nil
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when a mix are provided" do
+
+        before do
+          context.update("$set" => { name: "Smiths" }, likes: 100)
+        end
+
+        it "updates the first matching document's set" do
+          expect(depeche_mode.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
+        end
+
+        it "updates the first matching document's updates" do
+          expect(depeche_mode.reload.likes).to eq(100)
+        end
+
+        it "does not update the last matching document's set" do
+          expect(new_order.reload.name).to eq("New Order")
+        end
+
+        it "does not update the last matching document's updates" do
+          expect(new_order.reload.likes).to be_nil
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when providing no attributes" do
+
+      it "returns false" do
+        expect(context.update).to be false
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when provided array filters' do
+      min_server_version '3.6'
+
+      before do
+        Band.delete_all
+        b = Band.new(name: 'Depeche Mode')
+        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Warner')
+        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Sony')
+        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Cbs')
+        b.save!
+
+        b = Band.new(name: 'FKA Twigs')
+        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Warner')
+        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Cbs')
+        b.save!
+      end
+
+
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: 'Depeche Mode')
+      end
+
+      let!(:update) do
+        context.update({ '$set' => { 'labels.$[i].name' => 'Sony' } },
+                       array_filters: [{ 'i.name' => 'Cbs' }])
+      end
+
+      it 'applies the array filters' do
+        expect(Band.where(name: 'Depeche Mode').first.labels.collect(&:name)).to match_array(['Warner', 'Sony', 'Sony'])
+      end
+
+      it 'does not affect other documents' do
+        expect(Band.where(name: 'FKA Twigs').first.labels.collect(&:name)).to match_array(['Warner', 'Cbs'])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#update_all" do
+
+    let!(:depeche_mode) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode", origin: "Essex")
+    end
+
+    let!(:new_order) do
+      Band.create!(name: "New Order")
+    end
+
+    let(:criteria) do
+      Band.all
+    end
+
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
+
+    context "when providing attributes" do
+
+      context "when the attributes are of the correct type" do
+
+        before do
+          context.update_all(name: "Smiths")
+        end
+
+        it "updates the first matching document" do
+          expect(depeche_mode.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
+        end
+
+        it "does not clear out other attributes" do
+          expect(depeche_mode.reload.origin).to eq("Essex")
+        end
+
+        it "updates the last matching document" do
+          expect(new_order.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when the attributes must be mongoized" do
+
+        before do
+          context.update_all(member_count: "1")
+        end
+
+        it "updates the first matching document" do
+          expect(depeche_mode.reload.member_count).to eq(1)
+        end
+
+        it "updates the last matching document" do
+          expect(new_order.reload.member_count).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when using aliased field names" do
+
+        before do
+          context.update_all(years: 100)
+        end
+
+        it "updates the first matching document" do
+          expect(depeche_mode.reload.years).to eq(100)
+        end
+
+        it "updates the last matching document" do
+          expect(new_order.reload.years).to eq(100)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when providing atomic operations" do
+
+      context "when only atomic operations are provided" do
+
+        context "when the attributes are in the correct type" do
+
+          context "when operation is $set" do
+
+            before do
+              context.update_all("$set" => { name: "Smiths" })
+            end
+
+            it "updates the first matching document" do
+              expect(depeche_mode.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
+            end
+
+            it "updates the last matching document" do
+              expect(new_order.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
+            end
+          end
+
+          context "when operation is $push" do
+
+            before do
+              depeche_mode.update_attribute(:genres, ["electronic"])
+              new_order.update_attribute(:genres, ["electronic"])
+              context.update_all("$push" => { genres: "pop" })
+            end
+
+            it "updates the first matching document" do
+              expect(depeche_mode.reload.genres).to eq(["electronic", "pop"])
+            end
+
+            it "updates the last matching document" do
+              expect(new_order.reload.genres).to eq(["electronic", "pop"])
+            end
+          end
+
+          context "when operation is $addToSet" do
+
+            before do
+              context.update_all("$addToSet" => { genres: "electronic" })
+            end
+
+            it "updates the first matching document" do
+              expect(depeche_mode.reload.genres).to eq(["electronic"])
+            end
+
+            it "updates the last matching document" do
+              expect(new_order.reload.genres).to eq(["electronic"])
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when using aliased field names' do
+          before do
+            context.update_all('$set' => { years: 100 })
+          end
+
+          it "updates the first matching document" do
+            expect(depeche_mode.reload.years).to eq(100)
+          end
+
+          it "updates the last matching document" do
+            expect(new_order.reload.years).to eq(100)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "when the attributes must be mongoized" do
+
+          before do
+            context.update_all("$set" => { member_count: "1" })
+          end
+
+          it "updates the first matching document" do
+            expect(depeche_mode.reload.member_count).to eq(1)
+          end
+
+          it "updates the last matching document" do
+            expect(new_order.reload.member_count).to eq(1)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when a mix are provided" do
+
+        before do
+          context.update_all("$set" => { name: "Smiths" }, likes: 100)
+        end
+
+        it "updates the first matching document's set" do
+          expect(depeche_mode.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
+        end
+
+        it "updates the first matching document's updates" do
+          expect(depeche_mode.reload.likes).to eq(100)
+        end
+
+        it "updates the last matching document's set" do
+          expect(new_order.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
+        end
+
+        it "updates the last matching document's updates" do
+          expect(new_order.reload.likes).to eq(100)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when providing no attributes" do
+
+      it "returns false" do
+        expect(context.update_all).to be false
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when provided array filters' do
+      min_server_version '3.6'
+
+      before do
+        Band.delete_all
+        b = Band.new(name: 'Depeche Mode')
+        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Warner')
+        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Sony')
+        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Cbs')
+        b.save!
+
+        b = Band.new(name: 'FKA Twigs')
+        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Warner')
+        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Cbs')
+        b.save!
+      end
+
+
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
       end
 
-      it "returns the first aggregate result" do
-        expect(results).to include(
-          { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200 }}
-        )
+      let!(:update) do
+        context.update_all({ '$set' => { 'labels.$[i].name' => 'Sony' } },
+                       array_filters: [{ 'i.name' => 'Cbs' }])
       end
 
-      it "returns the correct number of documents" do
-        expect(results.count).to eq(1)
+      it 'applies the array filters' do
+        expect(Band.where(name: 'Depeche Mode').first.labels.collect(&:name)).to match_array(['Warner', 'Sony', 'Sony'])
       end
 
-      it "contains the entire raw results" do
-        expect(results["results"]).to eq([
-          { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200 }}
-        ])
+      it 'updates all documents' do
+        expect(Band.where(name: 'FKA Twigs').first.labels.collect(&:name)).to match_array(['Warner', 'Sony'])
       end
     end
+  end
 
-    context "when the output is replace" do
+  describe '#pipeline' do
+
+    context 'when the criteria has a selector' do
+
+      before do
+        Artist.index(name: "text")
+        Artist.create_indexes
+      end
 
       let(:criteria) do
-        Band.limit(1)
+        Artist.text_search("New Order")
       end
 
       let(:context) do
         described_class.new(criteria)
       end
 
-      let(:results) do
-        context.map_reduce(map, reduce).out(replace: "mr-output")
+      let(:pipeline_match) do
+        context.send(:pipeline, :some_field).first['$match']
       end
 
-      it "returns the correct number of documents" do
-        expect(results.count).to eq(1)
+      it 'creates a pipeline with the selector as one of the $match criteria' do
+        expect(pipeline_match).to include({ '$text' => { '$search' => "New Order" } })
       end
 
-      it "contains the entire results" do
-        expect(results).to eq([
-          { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200 }}
-        ])
+      it 'creates a pipeline with the $exists operator as one of the $match criteria' do
+        expect(pipeline_match).to include({ 'some_field' => { '$exists' => true } })
       end
     end
+  end
 
-    context "when the output is reduce" do
+  describe "#first!" do
 
-      let(:criteria) do
-        Band.limit(1)
-      end
+    let!(:depeche_mode) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
 
-      let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria)
-      end
+    let!(:new_order) do
+      Band.create!(name: "New Order")
+    end
 
-      let(:results) do
-        context.map_reduce(map, reduce).out(reduce: :mr_output)
-      end
+    let!(:rolling_stones) do
+      Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+    end
 
-      it "returns the correct number of documents" do
-        expect(results.count).to eq(1)
+    let!(:death_cab) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Death Cab For Cutie")
+    end
+
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
+
+    context "when there's no sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
       end
 
-      it "contains the entire results" do
-        expect(results).to eq([
-          { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200 }}
-        ])
+      it "gets the first document" do
+        expect(context.first!).to eq(depeche_mode)
       end
     end
 
-    context "when the output is merge" do
-
+    context "when there's a custom sort" do
       let(:criteria) do
-        Band.limit(1)
+        Band.all
       end
 
-      let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria)
+      it "gets the first document" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1).first!).to eq(death_cab)
       end
+    end
 
-      let(:results) do
-        context.map_reduce(map, reduce).out(merge: :mr_output)
+    context "when there are no documents" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "bogus")
       end
 
-      it "returns the correct number of documents" do
-        expect(results.count).to eq(1)
+      it "raises an error" do
+        expect do
+          context.first!
+        end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Could not find a document of class Band./)
       end
+    end
+  end
 
-      it "contains the entire results" do
-        expect(results).to eq([
-          { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200 }}
-        ])
-      end
+  describe "#last!" do
+
+    let!(:depeche_mode) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
     end
 
-    context "when the output specifies a different db" do
-      # Limit is not supported in sharded clusters
-      require_topology :single, :replica_set
+    let!(:new_order) do
+      Band.create!(name: "New Order")
+    end
+
+    let!(:rolling_stones) do
+      Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+    end
+
+    let!(:death_cab) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Death Cab For Cutie")
+    end
 
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
+
+    context "when there's no sort" do
       let(:criteria) do
-        Band.limit(1)
+        Band.all
       end
 
-      let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria)
+      it "gets the last document" do
+        expect(context.last!).to eq(death_cab)
       end
+    end
 
-      after do
-        Band.with(database: 'another-db') do |b|
-          b.all.delete
-        end
+    context "when there's a custom sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
       end
 
-      context 'when db is a string' do
+      it "gets the last document" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1).last!).to eq(rolling_stones)
+      end
+    end
 
-        let(:results) do
-          context.map_reduce(map, reduce).out(merge: :mr_output, db: 'another-db')
-        end
+    context "when there are no documents" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "bogus")
+      end
 
-        it "returns the correct number of documents" do
-          expect(results.count).to eq(1)
-        end
+      it "raises an error" do
+        expect do
+          context.last!
+        end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Could not find a document of class Band./)
+      end
+    end
+  end
 
-        it "contains the entire results" do
-          expect(results).to eq([
-                                    { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200 }}
-                                ])
-        end
+  describe "#second" do
 
-        it 'writes to the specified db' do
-          expect(Band.mongo_client.with(database: 'another-db')[:mr_output].find.count).to eq(1)
-        end
-      end
+    let!(:depeche_mode) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
 
-      context 'when db is a symbol' do
+    let!(:new_order) do
+      Band.create!(name: "New Order")
+    end
 
-        let(:results) do
-          context.map_reduce(map, reduce).out(merge: :mr_output, 'db' => 'another-db')
-        end
+    let!(:rolling_stones) do
+      Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+    end
 
-        it "returns the correct number of documents" do
-          expect(results.count).to eq(1)
-        end
+    let!(:death_cab) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Death Cab For Cutie")
+    end
 
-        it "contains the entire results" do
-          expect(results).to eq([
-                                    { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200 }}
-                                ])
-        end
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
 
-        it 'writes to the specified db' do
-          expect(Band.mongo_client.with(database: 'another-db')[:mr_output].find.count).to eq(1)
-        end
+    context "when there's no sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
       end
-    end
 
-    context "when providing no output" do
+      it "gets the second document" do
+        expect(context.second).to eq(new_order)
+      end
+    end
 
+    context "when there's a custom sort" do
       let(:criteria) do
-        Band.limit(1)
+        Band.all
       end
 
-      let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria)
+      it "gets the second document" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1).second).to eq(depeche_mode)
       end
+    end
 
-      let(:results) do
-        context.map_reduce(map, reduce)
+    context "when there are no documents" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "bogus")
       end
 
-      it "raises an error" do
-        expect {
-          results.entries
-        }.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::NoMapReduceOutput)
+      it "returns nil" do
+        expect(context.second).to be_nil
       end
     end
+  end
 
-    context "when providing a finalize" do
+  describe "#second!" do
+
+    let!(:depeche_mode) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
+
+    let!(:new_order) do
+      Band.create!(name: "New Order")
+    end
+
+    let!(:rolling_stones) do
+      Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+    end
+
+    let!(:death_cab) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Death Cab For Cutie")
+    end
+
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
 
+    context "when there's no sort" do
       let(:criteria) do
-        Band.limit(1)
+        Band.all
       end
 
-      let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria)
+      it "gets the second document" do
+        expect(context.second!).to eq(new_order)
       end
+    end
 
-      let(:finalize) do
-        %Q{
-        function(key, value) {
-          value.extra = true;
-          return value;
-        }}
+    context "when there's a custom sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
       end
 
-      let(:results) do
-        context.map_reduce(map, reduce).out(inline: 1).finalize(finalize)
+      it "gets the second document" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1).second!).to eq(depeche_mode)
       end
+    end
 
-      it "returns the correct number of documents" do
-        expect(results.count).to eq(1)
+    context "when there are no documents" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "bogus")
       end
 
-      it "contains the entire results" do
-        expect(results).to eq([
-          { "_id" => "Depeche Mode", "value" => { "likes" => 200, "extra" => true }}
-        ])
+      it "raises an error" do
+        expect do
+          context.second!
+        end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Could not find a document of class Band./)
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#skip" do
+  describe "#third" do
 
     let!(:depeche_mode) do
       Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
@@ -3055,20 +4105,50 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
       Band.create!(name: "New Order")
     end
 
-    let(:criteria) do
-      Band.all
+    let!(:rolling_stones) do
+      Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+    end
+
+    let!(:death_cab) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Death Cab For Cutie")
     end
 
     let(:context) do
       described_class.new(criteria)
     end
 
-    it "limits the results" do
-      expect(context.skip(1).entries).to eq([ new_order ])
+    context "when there's no sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
+      end
+
+      it "gets the third document" do
+        expect(context.third).to eq(rolling_stones)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when there's a custom sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
+      end
+
+      it "gets the third document" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1).third).to eq(new_order)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when there are no documents" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "bogus")
+      end
+
+      it "returns nil" do
+        expect(context.third).to be_nil
+      end
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#sort" do
+  describe "#third!" do
 
     let!(:depeche_mode) do
       Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
@@ -3078,40 +4158,52 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
       Band.create!(name: "New Order")
     end
 
-    let(:criteria) do
-      Band.all
+    let!(:rolling_stones) do
+      Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+    end
+
+    let!(:death_cab) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Death Cab For Cutie")
     end
 
     let(:context) do
       described_class.new(criteria)
     end
 
-    context "when providing a spec" do
-
-      it "sorts the results" do
-        expect(context.sort(name: -1).entries).to eq([ new_order, depeche_mode ])
+    context "when there's no sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
       end
 
-      it "returns the context" do
-        expect(context.sort(name: 1)).to eq(context)
+      it "gets the third document" do
+        expect(context.third!).to eq(rolling_stones)
       end
     end
 
-    context "when providing a block" do
+    context "when there's a custom sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
+      end
 
-      let(:sorted) do
-        context.sort do |a, b|
-          b.name <=> a.name
-        end
+      it "gets the third document" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1).third!).to eq(new_order)
       end
+    end
 
-      it "sorts the results in memory" do
-        expect(sorted).to eq([ new_order, depeche_mode ])
+    context "when there are no documents" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "bogus")
+      end
+
+      it "raises an error" do
+        expect do
+          context.third!
+        end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Could not find a document of class Band./)
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#update" do
+  describe "#fourth" do
 
     let!(:depeche_mode) do
       Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
@@ -3121,388 +4213,498 @@ describe Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo do
       Band.create!(name: "New Order")
     end
 
-    let(:criteria) do
-      Band.all
+    let!(:rolling_stones) do
+      Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+    end
+
+    let!(:death_cab) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Death Cab For Cutie")
     end
 
     let(:context) do
       described_class.new(criteria)
     end
 
-    context "when adding an element to a HABTM set" do
-
-      let(:person) do
-        Person.create!
+    context "when there's no sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
       end
 
-      let(:preference) do
-        Preference.create!
+      it "gets the fourth document" do
+        expect(context.fourth).to eq(death_cab)
       end
+    end
 
-      before do
-        Person.where(id: person.id).
-          update("$addToSet" => { preference_ids: preference.id })
+    context "when there's a custom sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
       end
 
-      it "adds a single element to the array" do
-        expect(person.reload.preference_ids).to eq([ preference.id ])
+      it "gets the fourth document" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1).fourth).to eq(rolling_stones)
       end
     end
 
-    context "when providing attributes" do
+    context "when there are no documents" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "bogus")
+      end
 
-      context "when the attributes are of the correct type" do
+      it "returns nil" do
+        expect(context.fourth).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
 
-        before do
-          context.update(name: "Smiths")
-        end
+  describe "#fourth!" do
 
-        it "updates only the first matching document" do
-          expect(depeche_mode.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
-        end
+    let!(:depeche_mode) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
 
-        it "does not update the last matching document" do
-          expect(new_order.reload.name).to eq("New Order")
-        end
-      end
+    let!(:new_order) do
+      Band.create!(name: "New Order")
+    end
 
-      context "when the attributes must be mongoized" do
+    let!(:rolling_stones) do
+      Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+    end
 
-        context "when coercing a string to integer" do
+    let!(:death_cab) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Death Cab For Cutie")
+    end
 
-          before do
-            context.update(member_count: "1")
-          end
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
 
-          it "updates the first matching document" do
-            expect(depeche_mode.reload.member_count).to eq(1)
-          end
+    context "when there's no sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
+      end
 
-          it "does not update the last matching document" do
-            expect(new_order.reload.member_count).to be_nil
-          end
-        end
+      it "gets the fourth document" do
+        expect(context.fourth!).to eq(death_cab)
+      end
+    end
 
-        context "when coercing a string to date" do
+    context "when there's a custom sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
+      end
 
-          before do
-            context.update(founded: "1979/1/1")
-          end
+      it "gets the fourth document" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1).fourth!).to eq(rolling_stones)
+      end
+    end
 
-          it "updates the first matching document" do
-            expect(depeche_mode.reload.founded).to eq(Date.new(1979, 1, 1))
-          end
+    context "when there are no documents" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "bogus")
+      end
 
-          it "does not update the last matching document" do
-            expect(new_order.reload.founded).to be_nil
-          end
-        end
+      it "raises an error" do
+        expect do
+          context.fourth!
+        end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Could not find a document of class Band./)
       end
     end
+  end
 
-    context "when providing atomic operations" do
+  describe "#fifth" do
 
-      context "when only atomic operations are provided" do
+    let!(:depeche_mode) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
 
-        context "when the attributes are in the correct type" do
+    let!(:new_order) do
+      Band.create!(name: "New Order")
+    end
 
-          before do
-            context.update("$set" => { name: "Smiths" })
-          end
+    let!(:rolling_stones) do
+      Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+    end
 
-          it "updates the first matching document" do
-            expect(depeche_mode.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
-          end
+    let!(:death_cab) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Death Cab For Cutie")
+    end
 
-          it "does not update the last matching document" do
-            expect(new_order.reload.name).to eq("New Order")
-          end
-        end
+    let!(:guns_and_roses) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Guns and Roses")
+    end
 
-        context "when the attributes must be mongoized" do
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
 
-          before do
-            context.update("$set" => { member_count: "1" })
-          end
+    context "when there's no sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
+      end
 
-          it "updates the first matching document" do
-            expect(depeche_mode.reload.member_count).to eq(1)
-          end
+      it "gets the fifth document" do
+        expect(context.fifth).to eq(guns_and_roses)
+      end
+    end
 
-          it "does not update the last matching document" do
-            expect(new_order.reload.member_count).to be_nil
-          end
-        end
+    context "when there's a custom sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
       end
 
-      context "when a mix are provided" do
+      it "gets the fifth document" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1).fifth).to eq(rolling_stones)
+      end
+    end
 
-        before do
-          context.update("$set" => { name: "Smiths" }, likes: 100)
-        end
+    context "when there are no documents" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "bogus")
+      end
 
-        it "updates the first matching document's set" do
-          expect(depeche_mode.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
-        end
+      it "returns nil" do
+        expect(context.fifth).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
 
-        it "updates the first matching document's updates" do
-          expect(depeche_mode.reload.likes).to eq(100)
-        end
+  describe "#fifth!" do
 
-        it "does not update the last matching document's set" do
-          expect(new_order.reload.name).to eq("New Order")
-        end
+    let!(:depeche_mode) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
 
-        it "does not update the last matching document's updates" do
-          expect(new_order.reload.likes).to be_nil
-        end
-      end
+    let!(:new_order) do
+      Band.create!(name: "New Order")
     end
 
-    context "when providing no attributes" do
+    let!(:rolling_stones) do
+      Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+    end
 
-      it "returns false" do
-        expect(context.update).to be false
-      end
+    let!(:death_cab) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Death Cab For Cutie")
     end
 
-    context 'when provided array filters' do
-      min_server_version '3.6'
+    let!(:guns_and_roses) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Guns and Roses")
+    end
 
-      before do
-        Band.delete_all
-        b = Band.new(name: 'Depeche Mode')
-        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Warner')
-        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Sony')
-        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Cbs')
-        b.save!
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
 
-        b = Band.new(name: 'FKA Twigs')
-        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Warner')
-        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Cbs')
-        b.save!
+    context "when there's no sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
       end
 
+      it "gets the fifth document" do
+        expect(context.fifth!).to eq(guns_and_roses)
+      end
+    end
 
+    context "when there's a custom sort" do
       let(:criteria) do
-        Band.where(name: 'Depeche Mode')
+        Band.all
       end
 
-      let!(:update) do
-        context.update({ '$set' => { 'labels.$[i].name' => 'Sony' } },
-                       array_filters: [{ 'i.name' => 'Cbs' }])
+      it "gets the fifth document" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1).fifth!).to eq(rolling_stones)
       end
+    end
 
-      it 'applies the array filters' do
-        expect(Band.where(name: 'Depeche Mode').first.labels.collect(&:name)).to match_array(['Warner', 'Sony', 'Sony'])
+    context "when there are no documents" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "bogus")
       end
 
-      it 'does not affect other documents' do
-        expect(Band.where(name: 'FKA Twigs').first.labels.collect(&:name)).to match_array(['Warner', 'Cbs'])
+      it "raises an error" do
+        expect do
+          context.fifth!
+        end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Could not find a document of class Band./)
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe "#update_all" do
+  describe "#second_to_last" do
 
     let!(:depeche_mode) do
-      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode", origin: "Essex")
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
     end
 
     let!(:new_order) do
       Band.create!(name: "New Order")
     end
 
-    let(:criteria) do
-      Band.all
+    let!(:rolling_stones) do
+      Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+    end
+
+    let!(:death_cab) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Death Cab For Cutie")
     end
 
     let(:context) do
       described_class.new(criteria)
     end
 
-    context "when providing attributes" do
+    context "when there's no sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
+      end
 
-      context "when the attributes are of the correct type" do
+      it "gets the second_to_last document" do
+        expect(context.second_to_last).to eq(rolling_stones)
+      end
+    end
 
-        before do
-          context.update_all(name: "Smiths")
-        end
+    context "when there's a custom sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
+      end
 
-        it "updates the first matching document" do
-          expect(depeche_mode.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
-        end
+      it "gets the second_to_last document" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1).second_to_last).to eq(new_order)
+      end
+    end
 
-        it "does not clear out other attributes" do
-          expect(depeche_mode.reload.origin).to eq("Essex")
-        end
+    context "when there are no documents" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "bogus")
+      end
 
-        it "updates the last matching document" do
-          expect(new_order.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
-        end
+      it "returns nil" do
+        expect(context.second_to_last).to be_nil
       end
+    end
+  end
 
-      context "when the attributes must be mongoized" do
+  describe "#second_to_last!" do
 
-        before do
-          context.update_all(member_count: "1")
-        end
+    let!(:depeche_mode) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
 
-        it "updates the first matching document" do
-          expect(depeche_mode.reload.member_count).to eq(1)
-        end
+    let!(:new_order) do
+      Band.create!(name: "New Order")
+    end
 
-        it "updates the last matching document" do
-          expect(new_order.reload.member_count).to eq(1)
-        end
-      end
+    let!(:rolling_stones) do
+      Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+    end
 
-      context "when using aliased field names" do
+    let!(:death_cab) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Death Cab For Cutie")
+    end
 
-        before do
-          context.update_all(years: 100)
-        end
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
 
-        it "updates the first matching document" do
-          expect(depeche_mode.reload.years).to eq(100)
-        end
+    context "when there's no sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
+      end
 
-        it "updates the last matching document" do
-          expect(new_order.reload.years).to eq(100)
-        end
+      it "gets the second_to_last document" do
+        expect(context.second_to_last!).to eq(rolling_stones)
       end
     end
 
-    context "when providing atomic operations" do
+    context "when there's a custom sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
+      end
 
-      context "when only atomic operations are provided" do
+      it "gets the second_to_last document" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1).second_to_last!).to eq(new_order)
+      end
+    end
 
-        context "when the attributes are in the correct type" do
+    context "when there are no documents" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "bogus")
+      end
 
-          before do
-            context.update_all("$set" => { name: "Smiths" })
-          end
+      it "raises an error" do
+        expect do
+          context.second_to_last!
+        end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Could not find a document of class Band./)
+      end
+    end
+  end
 
-          it "updates the first matching document" do
-            expect(depeche_mode.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
-          end
+  describe "#third_to_last" do
 
-          it "updates the last matching document" do
-            expect(new_order.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
-          end
-        end
+    let!(:depeche_mode) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
 
-        context "when the attributes must be mongoized" do
+    let!(:new_order) do
+      Band.create!(name: "New Order")
+    end
 
-          before do
-            context.update_all("$set" => { member_count: "1" })
-          end
+    let!(:rolling_stones) do
+      Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+    end
 
-          it "updates the first matching document" do
-            expect(depeche_mode.reload.member_count).to eq(1)
-          end
+    let!(:death_cab) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Death Cab For Cutie")
+    end
 
-          it "updates the last matching document" do
-            expect(new_order.reload.member_count).to eq(1)
-          end
-        end
-      end
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
 
-      context "when a mix are provided" do
+    context "when there's no sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
+      end
 
-        before do
-          context.update_all("$set" => { name: "Smiths" }, likes: 100)
-        end
+      it "gets the third_to_last document" do
+        expect(context.third_to_last).to eq(new_order)
+      end
+    end
 
-        it "updates the first matching document's set" do
-          expect(depeche_mode.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
-        end
+    context "when there's a custom sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
+      end
 
-        it "updates the first matching document's updates" do
-          expect(depeche_mode.reload.likes).to eq(100)
-        end
+      it "gets the third_to_last document" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1).third_to_last).to eq(depeche_mode)
+      end
+    end
 
-        it "updates the last matching document's set" do
-          expect(new_order.reload.name).to eq("Smiths")
-        end
+    context "when there are no documents" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "bogus")
+      end
 
-        it "updates the last matching document's updates" do
-          expect(new_order.reload.likes).to eq(100)
-        end
+      it "returns nil" do
+        expect(context.third_to_last).to be_nil
       end
     end
+  end
 
-    context "when providing no attributes" do
+  describe "#third_to_last!" do
 
-      it "returns false" do
-        expect(context.update_all).to be false
-      end
+    let!(:depeche_mode) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
     end
 
-    context 'when provided array filters' do
-      min_server_version '3.6'
+    let!(:new_order) do
+      Band.create!(name: "New Order")
+    end
 
-      before do
-        Band.delete_all
-        b = Band.new(name: 'Depeche Mode')
-        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Warner')
-        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Sony')
-        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Cbs')
-        b.save!
+    let!(:rolling_stones) do
+      Band.create!(name: "The Rolling Stones")
+    end
 
-        b = Band.new(name: 'FKA Twigs')
-        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Warner')
-        b.labels << Label.new(name: 'Cbs')
-        b.save!
+    let!(:death_cab) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Death Cab For Cutie")
+    end
+
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
+
+    context "when there's no sort" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.all
       end
 
+      it "gets the third_to_last document" do
+        expect(context.third_to_last!).to eq(new_order)
+      end
+    end
 
+    context "when there's a custom sort" do
       let(:criteria) do
         Band.all
       end
 
-      let!(:update) do
-        context.update_all({ '$set' => { 'labels.$[i].name' => 'Sony' } },
-                       array_filters: [{ 'i.name' => 'Cbs' }])
+      it "gets the third_to_last document" do
+        expect(context.sort(name: 1).third_to_last!).to eq(depeche_mode)
       end
+    end
 
-      it 'applies the array filters' do
-        expect(Band.where(name: 'Depeche Mode').first.labels.collect(&:name)).to match_array(['Warner', 'Sony', 'Sony'])
+    context "when there are no documents" do
+      let(:criteria) do
+        Band.where(name: "bogus")
       end
 
-      it 'updates all documents' do
-        expect(Band.where(name: 'FKA Twigs').first.labels.collect(&:name)).to match_array(['Warner', 'Sony'])
+      it "raises an error" do
+        expect do
+          context.third_to_last!
+        end.to raise_error(Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound, /Could not find a document of class Band./)
       end
     end
   end
 
-  describe '#pipeline' do
+  describe '#load_async' do
+    let!(:band) do
+      Band.create!(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
 
-    context 'when the criteria has a selector' do
+    let(:criteria) do
+      Band.where(name: "Depeche Mode")
+    end
 
-      before do
-        Artist.index(name: "text")
-        Artist.create_indexes
-      end
+    let(:context) do
+      described_class.new(criteria)
+    end
 
-      let(:criteria) do
-        Artist.text_search("New Order")
-      end
+    context 'with global thread pool async query executor' do
+      config_override :async_query_executor, :global_thread_pool
 
-      let(:context) do
-        described_class.new(criteria)
+      it 'preloads the documents' do
+        context.load_async
+        context.documents_loader.wait
+
+        expect(context.view).not_to receive(:map)
+        expect(context.to_a).to eq([band])
       end
 
-      let(:pipeline_match) do
-        context.send(:pipeline, :some_field).first['$match']
+      it 're-raises exception during preload' do
+        expect_any_instance_of(Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo::DocumentsLoader)
+          .to receive(:execute)
+          .at_least(:once)
+          .and_raise(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+
+        context.load_async
+        context.documents_loader.wait
+
+        expect do
+          context.to_a
+        end.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
       end
+    end
 
-      it 'creates a pipeline with the selector as one of the $match criteria' do
-        expect(pipeline_match).to include({ '$text' => { '$search' => "New Order" } })
+    context 'with immediate thread pool async query executor' do
+      config_override :async_query_executor, :immediate
+
+      it 'preloads the documents' do
+        context.load_async
+        context.documents_loader.wait
+
+        expect(context.view).not_to receive(:map)
+        expect(context.to_a).to eq([band])
       end
 
-      it 'creates a pipeline with the $exists operator as one of the $match criteria' do
-        expect(pipeline_match).to include({ 'some_field' => { '$exists' => true } })
+      it 're-raises exception during preload' do
+        expect_any_instance_of(Mongoid::Contextual::Mongo::DocumentsLoader)
+          .to receive(:execute)
+          .at_least(:once)
+          .and_raise(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+
+        context.load_async
+        context.documents_loader.wait
+
+        expect do
+          context.to_a
+        end.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
       end
     end
   end