mongo 2.4.1 → 2.14.0

data/lib/mongo/session.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1067 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2020 MongoDB Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+require 'mongo/session/session_pool'
+require 'mongo/session/server_session'
+
+module Mongo
+
+  # A logical session representing a set of sequential operations executed
+  # by an application that are related in some way.
+  #
+  # @note Session objects are not thread-safe. An application may use a session
+  #   from only one thread or process at a time.
+  #
+  # @since 2.5.0
+  class Session
+    extend Forwardable
+    include Retryable
+    include Loggable
+    include ClusterTime::Consumer
+
+    # Initialize a Session.
+    #
+    # @note Applications should use Client#start_session to begin a session.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   Session.new(server_session, client, options)
+    #
+    # @param [ ServerSession ] server_session The server session this session is associated with.
+    # @param [ Client ] client The client through which this session is created.
+    # @param [ Hash ] options The options for this session.
+    #
+    # @option options [ true|false ] :causal_consistency Whether to enable
+    #   causal consistency for this session.
+    # @option options [ Hash ] :default_transaction_options Options to pass
+    #   to start_transaction by default, can contain any of the options that
+    #   start_transaction accepts.
+    # @option options [ true|false ] :implicit For internal driver use only -
+    #   specifies whether the session is implicit.
+    # @option options [ Hash ] :read_preference The read preference options hash,
+    #   with the following optional keys:
+    #   - *:mode* -- the read preference as a string or symbol; valid values are
+    #     *:primary*, *:primary_preferred*, *:secondary*, *:secondary_preferred*
+    #     and *:nearest*.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    # @api private
+    def initialize(server_session, client, options = {})
+      @server_session = server_session
+      options = options.dup
+
+      @client = client.use(:admin)
+      @options = options.freeze
+      @cluster_time = nil
+      @state = NO_TRANSACTION_STATE
+    end
+
+    # @return [ Hash ] The options for this session.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    attr_reader :options
+
+    # @return [ Client ] The client through which this session was created.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.1
+    attr_reader :client
+
+    def cluster
+      @client.cluster
+    end
+
+    # @return [ BSON::Timestamp ] The latest seen operation time for this session.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    attr_reader :operation_time
+
+    # @return [ Hash ] The options for the transaction currently being executed
+    # on this session.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    def txn_options
+      @txn_options or raise ArgumentError, "There is no active transaction"
+    end
+
+    # Is this session an implicit one (not user-created).
+    #
+    # @example Is the session implicit?
+    #   session.implicit?
+    #
+    # @return [ true, false ] Whether this session is implicit.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.1
+    def implicit?
+      @implicit ||= !!(@options.key?(:implicit) && @options[:implicit] == true)
+    end
+
+    # Is this session an explicit one (i.e. user-created).
+    #
+    # @example Is the session explicit?
+    #   session.explicit?
+    #
+    # @return [ true, false ] Whether this session is explicit.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.2
+    def explicit?
+      !implicit?
+    end
+
+    # Whether reads executed with this session can be retried according to
+    # the modern retryable reads specification.
+    #
+    # If this method returns true, the modern retryable reads have been
+    # requested by the application. If the server selected for a read operation
+    # supports modern retryable reads, they will be used for that particular
+    # operation. If the server selected for a read operation does not support
+    # modern retryable reads, the read will not be retried.
+    #
+    # If this method returns false, legacy retryable reads have been requested
+    # by the application. Legacy retryable read logic will be used regardless
+    # of server version of the server(s) that the client is connected to.
+    # The number of read retries is given by :max_read_retries client option,
+    # which is 1 by default and can be set to 0 to disable legacy read retries.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def retry_reads?
+      client.options[:retry_reads] != false
+    end
+
+    # Will writes executed with this session be retried.
+    #
+    # @example Will writes be retried.
+    #   session.retry_writes?
+    #
+    # @return [ true, false ] If writes will be retried.
+    #
+    # @note Retryable writes are only available on server versions at least 3.6
+    #   and with sharded clusters or replica sets.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    def retry_writes?
+      !!client.options[:retry_writes] && (cluster.replica_set? || cluster.sharded?)
+    end
+
+    # Get the read preference the session will use in the currently
+    # active transaction.
+    #
+    # This is a driver style hash with underscore keys.
+    #
+    # @example Get the transaction's read preference
+    #   session.txn_read_preference
+    #
+    # @return [ Hash ] The read preference of the transaction.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    def txn_read_preference
+      rp = txn_options[:read] ||
+        @client.read_preference
+      Mongo::Lint.validate_underscore_read_preference(rp)
+      rp
+    end
+
+    # Whether this session has ended.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   session.ended?
+    #
+    # @return [ true, false ] Whether the session has ended.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    def ended?
+      @server_session.nil?
+    end
+
+    # Get the server session id of this session, if the session was not ended.
+    # If the session was ended, returns nil.
+    #
+    # @example Get the session id.
+    #   session.session_id
+    #
+    # @return [ BSON::Document ] The server session id.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    def session_id
+      if ended?
+        raise Error::SessionEnded
+      end
+
+      @server_session.session_id
+    end
+
+    # @return [ Server | nil ] The server (which should be a mongos) that this
+    #   session is pinned to, if any.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    attr_reader :pinned_server
+
+    # @return [ BSON::Document | nil ] Recovery token for the sharded
+    #   transaction being executed on this session, if any.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    attr_accessor :recovery_token
+
+    # Error message indicating that the session was retrieved from a client with a different cluster than that of the
+    # client through which it is currently being used.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    MISMATCHED_CLUSTER_ERROR_MSG = 'The configuration of the client used to create this session does not match that ' +
+        'of the client owning this operation. Please only use this session for operations through its parent ' +
+        'client.'.freeze
+
+    # Error message describing that the session cannot be used because it has already been ended.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    SESSION_ENDED_ERROR_MSG = 'This session has ended and cannot be used. Please create a new one.'.freeze
+
+    # Error message describing that sessions are not supported by the server version.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    # @deprecated
+    SESSIONS_NOT_SUPPORTED = 'Sessions are not supported by the connected servers.'.freeze
+    # Note: SESSIONS_NOT_SUPPORTED is used by Mongoid - do not remove from driver.
+
+    # The state of a session in which the last operation was not related to
+    # any transaction or no operations have yet occurred.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    NO_TRANSACTION_STATE = :no_transaction
+
+    # The state of a session in which a user has initiated a transaction but
+    # no operations within the transactions have occurred yet.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    STARTING_TRANSACTION_STATE = :starting_transaction
+
+    # The state of a session in which a transaction has been started and at
+    # least one operation has occurred, but the transaction has not yet been
+    # committed or aborted.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS_STATE = :transaction_in_progress
+
+    # The state of a session in which the last operation executed was a transaction commit.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_STATE = :transaction_committed
+
+    # The state of a session in which the last operation executed was a transaction abort.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    TRANSACTION_ABORTED_STATE = :transaction_aborted
+
+    # @api private
+    UNLABELED_WRITE_CONCERN_CODES = [
+      79,  # UnknownReplWriteConcern
+      100, # CannotSatisfyWriteConcern,
+    ].freeze
+
+    # Get a formatted string for use in inspection.
+    #
+    # @example Inspect the session object.
+    #   session.inspect
+    #
+    # @return [ String ] The session inspection.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    def inspect
+      "#<Mongo::Session:0x#{object_id} session_id=#{session_id} options=#{@options}>"
+    end
+
+    # End this session.
+    #
+    # If there is an in-progress transaction on this session, the transaction
+    # is aborted. The server session associated with this session is returned
+    # to the server session pool. Finally, this session is marked ended and
+    # is no longer usable.
+    #
+    # If this session is already ended, this method does nothing.
+    #
+    # Note that this method does not directly issue an endSessions command
+    # to this server, contrary to what its name might suggest.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   session.end_session
+    #
+    # @return [ nil ] Always nil.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    def end_session
+      if !ended? && @client
+        if within_states?(TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS_STATE)
+          begin
+            abort_transaction
+          rescue Mongo::Error, Error::AuthError
+          end
+        end
+        @client.cluster.session_pool.checkin(@server_session)
+      end
+    ensure
+      @server_session = nil
+    end
+
+    # Executes the provided block in a transaction, retrying as necessary.
+    #
+    # Returns the return value of the block.
+    #
+    # Exact number of retries and when they are performed are implementation
+    # details of the driver; the provided block should be idempotent, and
+    # should be prepared to be called more than once. The driver may retry
+    # the commit command within an active transaction or it may repeat the
+    # transaction and invoke the block again, depending on the error
+    # encountered if any. Note also that the retries may be executed against
+    # different servers.
+    #
+    # Transactions cannot be nested - InvalidTransactionOperation will be raised
+    # if this method is called when the session already has an active transaction.
+    #
+    # Exceptions raised by the block which are not derived from Mongo::Error
+    # stop processing, abort the transaction and are propagated out of
+    # with_transaction. Exceptions derived from Mongo::Error may be
+    # handled by with_transaction, resulting in retries of the process.
+    #
+    # Currently, with_transaction will retry commits and block invocations
+    # until at least 120 seconds have passed since with_transaction started
+    # executing. This timeout is not configurable and may change in a future
+    # driver version.
+    #
+    # @note with_transaction contains a loop, therefore the if with_transaction
+    #   itself is placed in a loop, its block should not call next or break to
+    #   control the outer loop because this will instead affect the loop in
+    #   with_transaction. The driver will warn and abort the transaction
+    #   if it detects this situation.
+    #
+    # @example Execute a statement in a transaction
+    #   session.with_transaction(write_concern: {w: :majority}) do
+    #     collection.update_one({ id: 3 }, { '$set' => { status: 'Inactive'} },
+    #                           session: session)
+    #
+    #   end
+    #
+    # @example Execute a statement in a transaction, limiting total time consumed
+    #   Timeout.timeout(5) do
+    #     session.with_transaction(write_concern: {w: :majority}) do
+    #       collection.update_one({ id: 3 }, { '$set' => { status: 'Inactive'} },
+    #                             session: session)
+    #
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    # @param [ Hash ] options The options for the transaction being started.
+    #   These are the same options that start_transaction accepts.
+    #
+    # @raise [ Error::InvalidTransactionOperation ] If a transaction is already in
+    #   progress or if the write concern is unacknowledged.
+    #
+    # @since 2.7.0
+    def with_transaction(options=nil)
+      # Non-configurable 120 second timeout for the entire operation
+      deadline = Time.now + 120
+      transaction_in_progress = false
+      loop do
+        commit_options = {}
+        if options
+          commit_options[:write_concern] = options[:write_concern]
+        end
+        start_transaction(options)
+        transaction_in_progress = true
+        begin
+          rv = yield self
+        rescue Exception => e
+          if within_states?(STARTING_TRANSACTION_STATE, TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS_STATE)
+            log_warn("Aborting transaction due to #{e.class}: #{e}")
+            abort_transaction
+            transaction_in_progress = false
+          end
+
+          if Time.now >= deadline
+            transaction_in_progress = false
+            raise
+          end
+
+          if e.is_a?(Mongo::Error) && e.label?('TransientTransactionError')
+            next
+          end
+
+          raise
+        else
+          if within_states?(TRANSACTION_ABORTED_STATE, NO_TRANSACTION_STATE, TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_STATE)
+            transaction_in_progress = false
+            return rv
+          end
+
+          begin
+            commit_transaction(commit_options)
+            transaction_in_progress = false
+            return rv
+          rescue Mongo::Error => e
+            if e.label?('UnknownTransactionCommitResult')
+              if Time.now >= deadline ||
+                e.is_a?(Error::OperationFailure) && e.max_time_ms_expired?
+              then
+                transaction_in_progress = false
+                raise
+              end
+              wc_options = case v = commit_options[:write_concern]
+                when WriteConcern::Base
+                  v.options
+                when nil
+                  {}
+                else
+                  v
+                end
+              commit_options[:write_concern] = wc_options.merge(w: :majority)
+              retry
+            elsif e.label?('TransientTransactionError')
+              if Time.now >= deadline
+                transaction_in_progress = false
+                raise
+              end
+              next
+            else
+              transaction_in_progress = false
+              raise
+            end
+          rescue Error::AuthError
+            transaction_in_progress = false
+            raise
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # No official return value, but return true so that in interactive
+      # use the method hints that it succeeded.
+      true
+    ensure
+      if transaction_in_progress
+        log_warn('with_transaction callback broke out of with_transaction loop, aborting transaction')
+        begin
+          abort_transaction
+        rescue Error::OperationFailure, Error::InvalidTransactionOperation
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Places subsequent operations in this session into a new transaction.
+    #
+    # Note that the transaction will not be started on the server until an
+    # operation is performed after start_transaction is called.
+    #
+    # @example Start a new transaction
+    #   session.start_transaction(options)
+    #
+    # @param [ Hash ] options The options for the transaction being started.
+    #
+    # @option options [ Integer ] :max_commit_time_ms The maximum amount of
+    #   time to allow a single commitTransaction command to run, in milliseconds.
+    # @option options [ Hash ] read_concern The read concern options hash,
+    #   with the following optional keys:
+    #   - *:level* -- the read preference level as a symbol; valid values
+    #      are *:local*, *:majority*, and *:snapshot*
+    # @option options [ Hash ] :write_concern The write concern options. Can be :w =>
+    #   Integer|String, :fsync => Boolean, :j => Boolean.
+    # @option options [ Hash ] :read The read preference options. The hash may have the following
+    #   items:
+    #   - *:mode* -- read preference specified as a symbol; the only valid value is
+    #     *:primary*.
+    #
+    # @raise [ Error::InvalidTransactionOperation ] If a transaction is already in
+    #   progress or if the write concern is unacknowledged.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    def start_transaction(options = nil)
+      if options
+        Lint.validate_read_concern_option(options[:read_concern])
+
+=begin
+        # It would be handy to detect invalid read preferences here, but
+        # some of the spec tests require later detection of invalid read prefs.
+        # Maybe we can do this when lint mode is on.
+        mode = options[:read] && options[:read][:mode].to_s
+        if mode && mode != 'primary'
+          raise Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation.new(
+            "read preference in a transaction must be primary (requested: #{mode})"
+          )
+        end
+=end
+      end
+
+      check_if_ended!
+
+      if within_states?(STARTING_TRANSACTION_STATE, TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS_STATE)
+        raise Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation.new(
+          Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation::TRANSACTION_ALREADY_IN_PROGRESS)
+      end
+
+      unpin
+
+      next_txn_num
+      @txn_options = (@options[:default_transaction_options] || {}).merge(options || {})
+
+      if txn_write_concern && !WriteConcern.get(txn_write_concern).acknowledged?
+        raise Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation.new(
+          Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation::UNACKNOWLEDGED_WRITE_CONCERN)
+      end
+
+      @state = STARTING_TRANSACTION_STATE
+      @already_committed = false
+
+      # This method has no explicit return value.
+      # We could return nil here but true indicates to the user that the
+      # operation succeeded. This is intended for interactive use.
+      # Note that the return value is not documented.
+      true
+    end
+
+    # Commit the currently active transaction on the session.
+    #
+    # @example Commits the transaction.
+    #   session.commit_transaction
+    #
+    # @option options :write_concern [ nil | WriteConcern::Base ] The write
+    #   concern to use for this operation.
+    #
+    # @raise [ Error::InvalidTransactionOperation ] If there is no active transaction.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    def commit_transaction(options=nil)
+      QueryCache.clear
+      check_if_ended!
+      check_if_no_transaction!
+
+      if within_states?(TRANSACTION_ABORTED_STATE)
+        raise Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation.new(
+          Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation.cannot_call_after_msg(
+            :abortTransaction, :commitTransaction))
+      end
+
+      options ||= {}
+
+      begin
+        # If commitTransaction is called twice, we need to run the same commit
+        # operation again, so we revert the session to the previous state.
+        if within_states?(TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_STATE)
+          @state = @last_commit_skipped ? STARTING_TRANSACTION_STATE : TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS_STATE
+          @already_committed = true
+        end
+
+        if starting_transaction?
+          @last_commit_skipped = true
+        else
+          @last_commit_skipped = false
+          @committing_transaction = true
+
+          write_concern = options[:write_concern] || txn_options[:write_concern]
+          if write_concern && !write_concern.is_a?(WriteConcern::Base)
+            write_concern = WriteConcern.get(write_concern)
+          end
+          write_with_retry(self, write_concern, true) do |server, txn_num, is_retry|
+            if is_retry
+              if write_concern
+                wco = write_concern.options.merge(w: :majority)
+                wco[:wtimeout] ||= 10000
+                write_concern = WriteConcern.get(wco)
+              else
+                write_concern = WriteConcern.get(w: :majority, wtimeout: 10000)
+              end
+            end
+            spec = {
+              selector: { commitTransaction: 1 },
+              db_name: 'admin',
+              session: self,
+              txn_num: txn_num,
+              write_concern: write_concern,
+            }
+            Operation::Command.new(spec).execute(server, client: @client)
+          end
+        end
+      ensure
+        @state = TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_STATE
+        @committing_transaction = false
+      end
+
+      # No official return value, but return true so that in interactive
+      # use the method hints that it succeeded.
+      true
+    end
+
+    # Abort the currently active transaction without making any changes to the database.
+    #
+    # @example Abort the transaction.
+    #   session.abort_transaction
+    #
+    # @raise [ Error::InvalidTransactionOperation ] If there is no active transaction.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    def abort_transaction
+      QueryCache.clear
+
+      check_if_ended!
+      check_if_no_transaction!
+
+      if within_states?(TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_STATE)
+        raise Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation.new(
+          Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation.cannot_call_after_msg(
+            :commitTransaction, :abortTransaction))
+      end
+
+      if within_states?(TRANSACTION_ABORTED_STATE)
+        raise Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation.new(
+          Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation.cannot_call_twice_msg(:abortTransaction))
+      end
+
+      begin
+        unless starting_transaction?
+          @aborting_transaction = true
+          write_with_retry(self, txn_options[:write_concern], true) do |server, txn_num|
+            Operation::Command.new(
+              selector: { abortTransaction: 1 },
+              db_name: 'admin',
+              session: self,
+              txn_num: txn_num
+            ).execute(server, client: @client)
+          end
+        end
+
+        @state = TRANSACTION_ABORTED_STATE
+      rescue Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation
+        raise
+      rescue Mongo::Error
+        @state = TRANSACTION_ABORTED_STATE
+      rescue Exception
+        @state = TRANSACTION_ABORTED_STATE
+        raise
+      ensure
+        @aborting_transaction = false
+      end
+
+      # No official return value, but return true so that in interactive
+      # use the method hints that it succeeded.
+      true
+    end
+
+    # @api private
+    def starting_transaction?
+      within_states?(STARTING_TRANSACTION_STATE)
+    end
+
+    # Whether or not the session is currently in a transaction.
+    #
+    # @example Is the session in a transaction?
+    #   session.in_transaction?
+    #
+    # @return [ true | false ] Whether or not the session in a transaction.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    def in_transaction?
+      within_states?(STARTING_TRANSACTION_STATE, TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS_STATE)
+    end
+
+    # @return [ true | false ] Whether the session is currently committing a
+    #   transaction.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def committing_transaction?
+      !!@committing_transaction
+    end
+
+    # @return [ true | false ] Whether the session is currently aborting a
+    #   transaction.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def aborting_transaction?
+      !!@aborting_transaction
+    end
+
+    # Pins this session to the specified server, which should be a mongos.
+    #
+    # @param [ Server ] server The server to pin this session to.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def pin(server)
+      if server.nil?
+        raise ArgumentError, 'Cannot pin to a nil server'
+      end
+      if Lint.enabled?
+        unless server.mongos?
+          raise Error::LintError, "Attempted to pin the session to server #{server.summary} which is not a mongos"
+        end
+      end
+      @pinned_server = server
+    end
+
+    # Unpins this session from the pinned server, if the session was pinned.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def unpin
+      @pinned_server = nil
+    end
+
+    # Unpins this session from the pinned server, if the session was pinned
+    # and the specified exception instance and the session's transaction state
+    # require it to be unpinned.
+    #
+    # The exception instance should already have all of the labels set on it
+    # (both client- and server-side generated ones).
+    #
+    # @param [ Error ] error The exception instance to process.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def unpin_maybe(error)
+      if !within_states?(Session::NO_TRANSACTION_STATE) &&
+        error.label?('TransientTransactionError')
+      then
+        unpin
+      end
+
+      if committing_transaction? &&
+        error.label?('UnknownTransactionCommitResult')
+      then
+        unpin
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Add the autocommit field to a command document if applicable.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   session.add_autocommit!(cmd)
+    #
+    # @return [ Hash, BSON::Document ] The command document.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    # @api private
+    def add_autocommit!(command)
+      command.tap do |c|
+        c[:autocommit] = false if in_transaction?
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Add the startTransaction field to a command document if applicable.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   session.add_start_transaction!(cmd)
+    #
+    # @return [ Hash, BSON::Document ] The command document.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    # @api private
+    def add_start_transaction!(command)
+      command.tap do |c|
+        if starting_transaction?
+          c[:startTransaction] = true
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Add the transaction number to a command document if applicable.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   session.add_txn_num!(cmd)
+    #
+    # @return [ Hash, BSON::Document ] The command document.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    # @api private
+    def add_txn_num!(command)
+      command.tap do |c|
+        c[:txnNumber] = BSON::Int64.new(@server_session.txn_num) if in_transaction?
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Add the transactions options if applicable.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   session.add_txn_opts!(cmd)
+    #
+    # @return [ Hash, BSON::Document ] The command document.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    # @api private
+    def add_txn_opts!(command, read)
+      command.tap do |c|
+        # The read concern should be added to any command that starts a transaction.
+        if starting_transaction?
+          # https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SPEC-1161: transaction's
+          # read concern overrides collection/database/client read concerns,
+          # even if transaction's read concern is not set.
+          # Read concern here is the one sent to the server and may
+          # include afterClusterTime.
+          if rc = c[:readConcern]
+            rc = rc.dup
+            rc.delete(:level)
+          end
+          if txn_read_concern
+            if rc
+              rc.update(txn_read_concern)
+            else
+              rc = txn_read_concern.dup
+            end
+          end
+          if rc.nil? || rc.empty?
+            c.delete(:readConcern)
+          else
+            c[:readConcern ] = Options::Mapper.transform_values_to_strings(rc)
+          end
+        end
+
+        # We need to send the read concern level as a string rather than a symbol.
+        if c[:readConcern]
+          c[:readConcern] = Options::Mapper.transform_values_to_strings(c[:readConcern])
+        end
+
+        if c[:commitTransaction]
+          if max_time_ms = txn_options[:max_commit_time_ms]
+            c[:maxTimeMS] = max_time_ms
+          end
+        end
+
+        # The write concern should be added to any abortTransaction or commitTransaction command.
+        if (c[:abortTransaction] || c[:commitTransaction])
+          if @already_committed
+            wc = BSON::Document.new(c[:writeConcern] || txn_write_concern || {})
+            wc.merge!(w: :majority)
+            wc[:wtimeout] ||= 10000
+            c[:writeConcern] = wc
+          elsif txn_write_concern
+            c[:writeConcern] ||= txn_write_concern
+          end
+        end
+
+        # A non-numeric write concern w value needs to be sent as a string rather than a symbol.
+        if c[:writeConcern] && c[:writeConcern][:w] && c[:writeConcern][:w].is_a?(Symbol)
+          c[:writeConcern][:w] = c[:writeConcern][:w].to_s
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Remove the read concern and/or write concern from the command if not applicable.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   session.suppress_read_write_concern!(cmd)
+    #
+    # @return [ Hash, BSON::Document ] The command document.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    # @api private
+    def suppress_read_write_concern!(command)
+      command.tap do |c|
+        next unless in_transaction?
+
+        c.delete(:readConcern) unless starting_transaction?
+        c.delete(:writeConcern) unless c[:commitTransaction] || c[:abortTransaction]
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Ensure that the read preference of a command primary.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   session.validate_read_preference!(command)
+    #
+    # @raise [ Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation ] If the read preference of the command is
+    #   not primary.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    # @api private
+    def validate_read_preference!(command)
+      return unless in_transaction?
+      return unless command['$readPreference']
+
+      mode = command['$readPreference']['mode'] || command['$readPreference'][:mode]
+
+      if mode && mode != 'primary'
+        raise Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation.new(
+          "read preference in a transaction must be primary (requested: #{mode})"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Update the state of the session due to a (non-commit and non-abort) operation being run.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    # @api private
+    def update_state!
+      case @state
+      when STARTING_TRANSACTION_STATE
+        @state = TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS_STATE
+      when TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_STATE, TRANSACTION_ABORTED_STATE
+        @state = NO_TRANSACTION_STATE
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Validate the session for use by the specified client.
+    #
+    # The session must not be ended and must have been created by a client
+    # with the same cluster as the client that the session is to be used with.
+    #
+    # @param [ Client ] client The client the session is to be used with.
+    #
+    # @return [ Session ] self, if the session is valid.
+    #
+    # @raise [ Mongo::Error::InvalidSession ] Exception raised if the session is not valid.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    # @api private
+    def validate!(client)
+      check_matching_cluster!(client)
+      check_if_ended!
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Process a response from the server that used this session.
+    #
+    # @example Process a response from the server.
+    #   session.process(result)
+    #
+    # @param [ Operation::Result ] result The result from the operation.
+    #
+    # @return [ Operation::Result ] The result.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    # @api private
+    def process(result)
+      unless implicit?
+        set_operation_time(result)
+        if cluster_time_doc = result.cluster_time
+          advance_cluster_time(cluster_time_doc)
+        end
+      end
+      @server_session.set_last_use!
+
+      if doc = result.reply && result.reply.documents.first
+        if doc[:recoveryToken]
+          self.recovery_token = doc[:recoveryToken]
+        end
+      end
+
+      result
+    end
+
+    # Advance the cached operation time for this session.
+    #
+    # @example Advance the operation time.
+    #   session.advance_operation_time(timestamp)
+    #
+    # @param [ BSON::Timestamp ] new_operation_time The new operation time.
+    #
+    # @return [ BSON::Timestamp ] The max operation time, considering the current and new times.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    def advance_operation_time(new_operation_time)
+      if @operation_time
+        @operation_time = [ @operation_time, new_operation_time ].max
+      else
+        @operation_time = new_operation_time
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Increment and return the next transaction number.
+    #
+    # @example Get the next transaction number.
+    #   session.next_txn_num
+    #
+    # @return [ Integer ] The next transaction number.
+    #
+    # @since 2.5.0
+    # @api private
+    def next_txn_num
+      if ended?
+        raise Error::SessionEnded
+      end
+
+      @server_session.next_txn_num
+    end
+
+    # Get the current transaction number.
+    #
+    # @example Get the current transaction number.
+    #   session.txn_num
+    #
+    # @return [ Integer ] The current transaction number.
+    #
+    # @since 2.6.0
+    def txn_num
+      if ended?
+        raise Error::SessionEnded
+      end
+
+      @server_session.txn_num
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    # Get the read concern the session will use when starting a transaction.
+    #
+    # This is a driver style hash with underscore keys.
+    #
+    # @example Get the session's transaction read concern.
+    #   session.txn_read_concern
+    #
+    # @return [ Hash ] The read concern used for starting transactions.
+    #
+    # @since 2.9.0
+    def txn_read_concern
+      # Read concern is inherited from client but not db or collection.
+      txn_options[:read_concern] || @client.read_concern
+    end
+
+    def within_states?(*states)
+      states.include?(@state)
+    end
+
+    def check_if_no_transaction!
+      return unless within_states?(NO_TRANSACTION_STATE)
+
+      raise Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation.new(
+        Mongo::Error::InvalidTransactionOperation::NO_TRANSACTION_STARTED)
+    end
+
+    def txn_write_concern
+      txn_options[:write_concern] ||
+        (@client.write_concern && @client.write_concern.options)
+    end
+
+    # Returns causal consistency document if the last operation time is
+    # known and causal consistency is enabled, otherwise returns nil.
+    def causal_consistency_doc
+      if operation_time && causal_consistency?
+        {:afterClusterTime => operation_time}
+      else
+        nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    def causal_consistency?
+      @causal_consistency ||= (if @options.key?(:causal_consistency)
+                                 !!@options[:causal_consistency]
+                               else
+                                 true
+                               end)
+    end
+
+    def set_operation_time(result)
+      if result && result.operation_time
+        @operation_time = result.operation_time
+      end
+    end
+
+    def check_if_ended!
+      raise Mongo::Error::InvalidSession.new(SESSION_ENDED_ERROR_MSG) if ended?
+    end
+
+    def check_matching_cluster!(client)
+      if @client.cluster != client.cluster
+        raise Mongo::Error::InvalidSession.new(MISMATCHED_CLUSTER_ERROR_MSG)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end