mongo 2.14.0.rc1 → 2.16.0.alpha1

data/spec/mongo/cluster/topology_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
 require 'lite_spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::Cluster::Topology do
@@ -111,7 +114,7 @@ describe Mongo::Cluster::Topology do
   end
 
   describe '#logical_session_timeout' do
-    skip_if_linting
+    require_no_linting
 
     let(:listeners) do
       Mongo::Event::Listeners.new

data/spec/mongo/cluster_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::Cluster do
@@ -38,6 +41,34 @@ describe Mongo::Cluster do
       end
     end
 
+    context 'when topology is load-balanced' do
+      require_topology :load_balanced
+
+      it 'emits SDAM events' do
+        allow(monitoring).to receive(:succeeded)
+
+        register_cluster(
+          described_class.new(
+            SpecConfig.instance.addresses,
+            monitoring,
+            SpecConfig.instance.test_options
+            )
+          )
+
+          expect(monitoring).to have_received(:succeeded).with(
+            Mongo::Monitoring::TOPOLOGY_OPENING, any_args
+          )
+          expect(monitoring).to have_received(:succeeded).with(
+            Mongo::Monitoring::TOPOLOGY_CHANGED, any_args
+          ).twice
+          expect(monitoring).to have_received(:succeeded).with(
+            Mongo::Monitoring::SERVER_OPENING, any_args
+          )
+          expect(monitoring).to have_received(:succeeded).with(
+            Mongo::Monitoring::SERVER_DESCRIPTION_CHANGED, any_args
+          )
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   describe '#==' do
@@ -274,27 +305,11 @@ describe Mongo::Cluster do
 
   describe '#add' do
 
-    context 'when topology is Single' do
-
-      let(:cluster) { cluster_with_semaphore }
-
-      let(:topology) do
-        Mongo::Cluster::Topology::Single.new({}, cluster)
-      end
-
-      before do
-        cluster.add('a')
-      end
-
-      it 'does not add discovered servers to the cluster' do
-        expect(cluster.servers[0].address.seed).to_not eq('a')
-      end
-    end
-
     context 'topology is Sharded' do
+      require_topology :sharded
 
       let(:topology) do
-        Mongo::Cluster::Topology::Single.new({}, cluster)
+        Mongo::Cluster::Topology::Sharded.new({}, cluster)
       end
 
       before do
@@ -309,6 +324,7 @@ describe Mongo::Cluster do
         expect(server).not_to be nil
 
         expect(server.last_scan).to be nil
+        expect(server.last_scan_monotime).to be nil
       end
     end
   end
@@ -346,7 +362,7 @@ describe Mongo::Cluster do
       end
 
       let(:monitoring) { Mongo::Monitoring.new }
-      let(:subscriber) { EventSubscriber.new }
+      let(:subscriber) { Mrss::EventSubscriber.new }
 
       it 'publishes server closed event once' do
         monitoring.subscribe(Mongo::Monitoring::SERVER_CLOSED, subscriber)
@@ -368,6 +384,7 @@ describe Mongo::Cluster do
     end
 
     before do
+      cluster.next_primary
       cluster.servers.each do |server|
         expect(server).to receive(:reconnect!).and_call_original
       end
@@ -436,7 +453,7 @@ describe Mongo::Cluster do
     end
 
     let(:primary_candidates) do
-      if cluster.single?
+      if cluster.single? || cluster.load_balanced?
         cluster.servers
       elsif cluster.sharded?
         cluster.servers
@@ -622,7 +639,17 @@ describe Mongo::Cluster do
             monitoring_io: false, server_selection_timeout: 0.183))
       end
 
-      it_behaves_like 'does not support sessions'
+      context 'in load-balanced topology' do
+        require_topology :load_balanced
+
+        it_behaves_like 'supports sessions'
+      end
+
+      context 'not in load-balanced topology' do
+        require_topology :single, :replica_set, :sharded
+
+        it_behaves_like 'does not support sessions'
+      end
     end
 
     context 'when client has contacted servers and then disconnected' do
@@ -772,6 +799,9 @@ describe Mongo::Cluster do
     let(:default_address) { SpecConfig.instance.addresses.first }
 
     context 'cluster has unknown servers' do
+      # Servers are never unknown in load-balanced topology.
+      require_topology :single, :replica_set, :sharded
+
       it 'includes unknown servers' do
         cluster.servers_list.each do |server|
           expect(server).to be_unknown

data/spec/mongo/cluster_time_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
 require 'lite_spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::ClusterTime do

data/spec/mongo/collection/view/aggregation_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::Collection::View::Aggregation do
@@ -232,7 +235,7 @@ describe Mongo::Collection::View::Aggregation do
         { session: session }
       end
 
-      let(:subscriber) { EventSubscriber.new }
+      let(:subscriber) { Mrss::EventSubscriber.new }
 
       let(:client) do
         authorized_client.tap do |client|

data/spec/mongo/collection/view/builder/find_command_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+# TODO convert, move or delete these tests as part of RUBY-2706.
+
+=begin
 require 'lite_spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::Collection::View::Builder::FindCommand do
@@ -519,3 +525,4 @@ describe Mongo::Collection::View::Builder::FindCommand do
     end
   end
 end
+=end

data/spec/mongo/collection/view/builder/op_query_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+# TODO convert, move or delete these tests as part of RUBY-2706.
+
+=begin
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::Collection::View::Builder::OpQuery do
@@ -152,3 +158,4 @@ describe Mongo::Collection::View::Builder::OpQuery do
     end
   end
 end
+=end

data/spec/mongo/collection/view/change_stream_resume_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::Collection::View::ChangeStream do
@@ -44,8 +47,10 @@ describe Mongo::Collection::View::ChangeStream do
   end
 
   let(:connection_description) do
-    Mongo::Server::Description.new(double('description address'),
-      'minWireVersion' => 0, 'maxWireVersion' => 2)
+    Mongo::Server::Description.new(
+      double('description address'),
+      { 'minWireVersion' => 0, 'maxWireVersion' => 2 }
+    )
   end
 
   let(:result) do
@@ -183,7 +188,7 @@ describe Mongo::Collection::View::ChangeStream do
 
   context 'when a killCursors command is issued for the cursor' do
     context 'using Enumerable' do
-      only_mri
+      require_mri
 
       before do
         change_stream

data/spec/mongo/collection/view/change_stream_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::Collection::View::ChangeStream do
@@ -369,6 +372,19 @@ describe Mongo::Collection::View::ChangeStream do
 
   describe '#close' do
 
+    context 'ignores any exceptions or errors' do
+      [
+        Mongo::Error::OperationFailure,
+        Mongo::Error::SocketError,
+        Mongo::Error::SocketTimeoutError
+      ].each do |err|
+        it "ignores #{err}" do
+          expect(cursor).to receive(:close).and_raise(err)
+          change_stream.close
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
     context 'when documents have not been retrieved and the stream is closed' do
 
       before do

data/spec/mongo/collection/view/explainable_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::Collection::View::Explainable do
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ describe Mongo::Collection::View::Explainable do
         it 'triggers server error' do
           lambda do
             explain
-          end.should raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure, /verbosity string must be/)
+          end.should raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure, /verbosity string must be|value .* for field .*verbosity.* is not a valid value/)
         end
       end
 

data/spec/mongo/collection/view/immutable_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::Collection::View::Immutable do

data/spec/mongo/collection/view/iterable_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::Collection::View::Iterable do

data/spec/mongo/collection/view/map_reduce_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::Collection::View::MapReduce do
@@ -239,7 +242,7 @@ describe Mongo::Collection::View::MapReduce do
             Mongo::Collection::View.new(client[TEST_COLL], selector, view_options)
           end
 
-          let(:subscriber) { EventSubscriber.new }
+          let(:subscriber) { Mrss::EventSubscriber.new }
 
           let(:client) do
             authorized_client.tap do |client|

data/spec/mongo/collection/view/readable_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::Collection::View::Readable do
@@ -602,6 +605,72 @@ describe Mongo::Collection::View::Readable do
     end
   end
 
+  describe "#estimated_document_count" do
+
+    let(:result) do
+      view.estimated_document_count(options)
+    end
+
+    context 'when limit is set' do
+      it 'raises an error' do
+        expect {
+          view.limit(5).estimated_document_count(options)
+        }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Cannot call estimated_document_count when querying with limit")
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when skip is set' do
+      it 'raises an error' do
+        expect {
+          view.skip(5).estimated_document_count(options)
+        }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Cannot call estimated_document_count when querying with skip")
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collection has documents' do
+      let(:documents) do
+        (1..10).map{ |i| { field: "test#{i}" }}
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.delete_many
+        authorized_collection.insert_many(documents)
+      end
+
+      context 'when a selector is provided' do
+
+        let(:selector) do
+          { field: 'test1' }
+        end
+
+        it 'raises an error' do
+          expect {
+            result
+          }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Cannot call estimated_document_count when querying with a filter")
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when no selector is provided' do
+
+        it 'returns the estimated count of matching documents' do
+          expect(view.estimated_document_count).to eq(10)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collection does not exist' do
+
+      let(:view) do
+        Mongo::Collection::View.new(
+          authorized_client['nonexistent-collection-for-estimated-document-count'], selector, options)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns 0' do
+        view.estimated_document_count.should == 0
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   describe '#distinct' do
 
     context 'when incorporating read concern' do

data/spec/mongo/collection/view/writable_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::Collection::View::Writable do

data/spec/mongo/collection/view_spec.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Mongo::Collection::View do

data/spec/mongo/collection_crud_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,4365 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe Mongo::Collection do
+
+  let(:subscriber) { Mrss::EventSubscriber.new }
+
+  let(:client) do
+    authorized_client.tap do |client|
+      client.subscribe(Mongo::Monitoring::COMMAND, subscriber)
+    end
+  end
+
+  let(:authorized_collection) { client['collection_spec'] }
+
+  before do
+    authorized_client['collection_spec'].drop
+  end
+
+  let(:collection_invalid_write_concern) do
+    authorized_collection.client.with(write: INVALID_WRITE_CONCERN)[authorized_collection.name]
+  end
+
+  let(:collection_with_validator) do
+    authorized_client[:validating]
+  end
+
+  describe '#find' do
+
+    describe 'updating cluster time' do
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        client[TEST_COLL].find.first
+      end
+
+      let(:operation_with_session) do
+        client[TEST_COLL].find({}, session: session).first
+      end
+
+      let(:second_operation) do
+        client[TEST_COLL].find({}, session: session).first
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation updating cluster time'
+    end
+
+    context 'when provided a filter' do
+
+      let(:view) do
+        authorized_collection.find(name: 1)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a authorized_collection view for the filter' do
+        expect(view.filter).to eq('name' => 1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when provided no filter' do
+
+      let(:view) do
+        authorized_collection.find
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a authorized_collection view with an empty filter' do
+        expect(view.filter).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when providing a bad filter' do
+
+      let(:view) do
+        authorized_collection.find('$or' => [])
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an exception when iterating' do
+        expect {
+          view.to_a
+        }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when iterating the authorized_collection view' do
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_many([{ field: 'test1' }, { field: 'test2' }])
+      end
+
+      let(:view) do
+        authorized_collection.find
+      end
+
+      it 'iterates over the documents' do
+        view.each do |document|
+          expect(document).to_not be_nil
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the user is not authorized' do
+      require_auth
+
+      let(:view) do
+        unauthorized_collection.find
+      end
+
+      it 'iterates over the documents' do
+        expect {
+          view.each{ |document| document }
+        }.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when documents contain potential error message fields' do
+
+      [ 'errmsg', 'error', Mongo::Operation::Result::OK ].each do |field|
+
+        context "when the document contains a '#{field}' field" do
+
+          let(:value) do
+            'testing'
+          end
+
+          let(:view) do
+            authorized_collection.find
+          end
+
+          before do
+            authorized_collection.insert_one({ field => value })
+          end
+
+          it 'iterates over the documents' do
+            view.each do |document|
+              expect(document[field]).to eq(value)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when provided options' do
+
+      context 'when a session is provided' do
+        require_wired_tiger
+
+        let(:operation) do
+          authorized_collection.find({}, session: session).to_a
+        end
+
+        let(:session) do
+          authorized_client.start_session
+        end
+
+        let(:failed_operation) do
+          client[authorized_collection.name].find({ '$._id' => 1 }, session: session).to_a
+        end
+
+        let(:client) do
+          authorized_client
+        end
+
+        it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+        it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+      end
+
+      context 'session id' do
+        min_server_fcv '3.6'
+        require_topology :replica_set, :sharded
+        require_wired_tiger
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { session: session }
+        end
+
+        let(:session) do
+          client.start_session
+        end
+
+        let(:view) do
+          Mongo::Collection::View.new(client[TEST_COLL], selector, view_options)
+        end
+
+        let(:command) do
+          client[TEST_COLL].find({}, session: session).explain
+          subscriber.started_events.find { |c| c.command_name == 'explain' }.command
+        end
+
+        it 'sends the session id' do
+          expect(command['lsid']).to eq(session.session_id)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when a session supporting causal consistency is used' do
+        require_wired_tiger
+
+        let(:operation) do
+          collection.find({}, session: session).to_a
+        end
+
+        let(:command) do
+          operation
+          subscriber.started_events.find { |cmd| cmd.command_name == 'find' }.command
+        end
+
+        it_behaves_like 'an operation supporting causally consistent reads'
+      end
+
+      let(:view) do
+        authorized_collection.find({}, options)
+      end
+
+      context 'when provided :allow_partial_results' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { allow_partial_results: true }
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a view with :allow_partial_results set' do
+          expect(view.options[:allow_partial_results]).to be(options[:allow_partial_results])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when provided :batch_size' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { batch_size: 100 }
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a view with :batch_size set' do
+          expect(view.options[:batch_size]).to eq(options[:batch_size])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when provided :comment' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { comment: 'slow query' }
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a view with :comment set' do
+          expect(view.modifiers[:$comment]).to eq(options[:comment])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when provided :cursor_type' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { cursor_type: :tailable }
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a view with :cursor_type set' do
+          expect(view.options[:cursor_type]).to eq(options[:cursor_type])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when provided :max_time_ms' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { max_time_ms: 500 }
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a view with :max_time_ms set' do
+          expect(view.modifiers[:$maxTimeMS]).to eq(options[:max_time_ms])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when provided :modifiers' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { modifiers: { '$orderby' => Mongo::Index::ASCENDING } }
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a view with modifiers set' do
+          expect(view.modifiers).to eq(options[:modifiers])
+        end
+
+        it 'dups the modifiers hash' do
+          expect(view.modifiers).not_to be(options[:modifiers])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when provided :no_cursor_timeout' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { no_cursor_timeout: true }
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a view with :no_cursor_timeout set' do
+          expect(view.options[:no_cursor_timeout]).to eq(options[:no_cursor_timeout])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when provided :oplog_replay' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { oplog_replay: false }
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a view with :oplog_replay set' do
+          expect(view.options[:oplog_replay]).to eq(options[:oplog_replay])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when provided :projection' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { projection:  { 'x' => 1 } }
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a view with :projection set' do
+          expect(view.options[:projection]).to eq(options[:projection])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when provided :skip' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { skip:  5 }
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a view with :skip set' do
+          expect(view.options[:skip]).to eq(options[:skip])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when provided :sort' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { sort:  { 'x' => Mongo::Index::ASCENDING } }
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a view with :sort set' do
+          expect(view.modifiers[:$orderby]).to eq(options[:sort])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when provided :collation' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { collation: { 'locale' => 'en_US' } }
+        end
+
+        it 'returns a view with :collation set' do
+          expect(view.options[:collation]).to eq(options[:collation])
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#insert_many' do
+
+    let(:result) do
+      authorized_collection.insert_many([{ name: 'test1' }, { name: 'test2' }])
+    end
+
+    it 'inserts the documents into the collection' do
+      expect(result.inserted_count).to eq(2)
+    end
+
+    it 'contains the ids in the result' do
+      expect(result.inserted_ids.size).to eq(2)
+    end
+
+    context 'when a session is provided' do
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        authorized_collection.insert_many([{ name: 'test1' }, { name: 'test2' }], session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:failed_operation) do
+        authorized_collection.insert_many([{ _id: 'test1' }, { _id: 'test1' }], session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:client) do
+        authorized_client
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+      it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes is used with an explicit session' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 0 })
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.insert_many([{ name: 'test1' }, { name: 'test2' }], session: session)
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an explicit session with an unacknowledged write'
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes is used with an implicit session' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        client.with(write: { w: 0 })[TEST_COLL]
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.insert_many([{ name: 'test1' }, { name: 'test2' }])
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an implicit session with an unacknowledged write'
+    end
+
+    context 'when a document contains invalid keys' do
+
+      let(:docs) do
+        [ { 'first.name' => 'test1' }, { name: 'test2' } ]
+      end
+
+      it 'raises a BSON::String::IllegalKey exception' do
+        expect {
+          authorized_collection.insert_many(docs)
+        }.to raise_exception(BSON::String::IllegalKey)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the client has a custom id generator' do
+
+      let(:generator) do
+        Class.new do
+          def generate
+            1
+          end
+        end.new
+      end
+
+      let(:custom_client) do
+        authorized_client.with(id_generator: generator)
+      end
+
+      let(:custom_collection) do
+        custom_client['custom_id_generator_test_collection']
+      end
+
+      before do
+        custom_collection.delete_many
+        custom_collection.insert_many([{ name: 'testing' }])
+        expect(custom_collection.count).to eq(1)
+      end
+
+      it 'inserts with the custom id' do
+        expect(custom_collection.count).to eq(1)
+        expect(custom_collection.find.first[:_id]).to eq(1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the inserts fail' do
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.insert_many([{ _id: 1 }, { _id: 1 }])
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an BulkWriteError' do
+        expect {
+          result
+        }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::BulkWriteError)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when the documents exceed the max bson size" do
+
+      let(:documents) do
+        [{ '_id' => 1, 'name' => '1'*17000000 }]
+      end
+
+      it 'raises a MaxBSONSize error' do
+        expect {
+          authorized_collection.insert_many(documents)
+        }.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::MaxBSONSize)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the documents are sent with OP_MSG' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+      let(:documents) do
+        [{ '_id' => 1, 'name' => '1'*16777191 }, { '_id' => 'y' }]
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_many(documents)
+      end
+
+      let(:insert_events) do
+        subscriber.started_events.select { |e| e.command_name == 'insert' }
+      end
+
+      it 'sends the documents in one OP_MSG' do
+        expect(insert_events.size).to eq(1)
+        expect(insert_events[0].command['documents']).to eq(documents)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collection has a validator' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+
+      around(:each) do |spec|
+        authorized_client[:validating].drop
+        authorized_client[:validating,
+                          :validator => { :a => { '$exists' => true } }].tap do |c|
+          c.create
+        end
+        spec.run
+        collection_with_validator.drop
+      end
+
+      context 'when the document is valid' do
+
+        let(:result) do
+          collection_with_validator.insert_many([{ a: 1 }, { a: 2 }])
+        end
+
+        it 'inserts successfully' do
+          expect(result.inserted_count).to eq(2)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the document is invalid' do
+
+        context 'when bypass_document_validation is not set' do
+
+          let(:result2) do
+            collection_with_validator.insert_many([{ x: 1 }, { x: 2 }])
+          end
+
+          it 'raises a BulkWriteError' do
+            expect {
+              result2
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::BulkWriteError)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when bypass_document_validation is true' do
+
+          let(:result3) do
+            collection_with_validator.insert_many(
+              [{ x: 1 }, { x: 2 }], :bypass_document_validation => true)
+          end
+
+          it 'inserts successfully' do
+            expect(result3.inserted_count).to eq(2)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes is used' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 0 })
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.insert_many([{ _id: 1 }, { _id: 1 }])
+      end
+
+      it 'does not raise an exception' do
+        expect(result.inserted_count).to be(0)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when various options passed in' do
+      # w: 2 requires a replica set
+      require_topology :replica_set
+
+      # https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/RUBY-2306
+      min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:events) do
+        subscriber.command_started_events('insert')
+      end
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write_concern: {w: 2})
+      end
+
+      let!(:command) do
+        Utils.get_command_event(authorized_client, 'insert') do |client|
+          collection.insert_many([{ name: 'test1' }, { name: 'test2' }], session: session,
+            write_concern: {w: 1}, bypass_document_validation: true)
+        end.command
+      end
+
+      it 'inserts many successfully with correct options sent to server' do
+        expect(events.length).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:writeConcern]).to_not be_nil
+        expect(command[:writeConcern][:w]).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:bypassDocumentValidation]).to be(true)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#insert_one' do
+
+    describe 'updating cluster time' do
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        client[TEST_COLL].insert_one({ name: 'testing' })
+      end
+
+      let(:operation_with_session) do
+        client[TEST_COLL].insert_one({ name: 'testing' }, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:second_operation) do
+        client[TEST_COLL].insert_one({ name: 'testing' }, session: session)
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation updating cluster time'
+    end
+
+    let(:result) do
+      authorized_collection.insert_one({ name: 'testing' })
+    end
+
+    it 'inserts the document into the collection'do
+      expect(result.written_count).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it 'contains the id in the result' do
+      expect(result.inserted_id).to_not be_nil
+    end
+
+    context 'when a session is provided' do
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one({ name: 'testing' }, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:failed_operation) do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one({ _id: 'testing' })
+        authorized_collection.insert_one({ _id: 'testing' }, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:client) do
+        authorized_client
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+      it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes is used with an explicit session' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 0 })
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.insert_one({ name: 'testing' }, session: session)
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an explicit session with an unacknowledged write'
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes is used with an implicit session' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        client.with(write: { w: 0 })[TEST_COLL]
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.insert_one({ name: 'testing' })
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an implicit session with an unacknowledged write'
+    end
+
+    context 'when various options passed in' do
+      # https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/RUBY-2306
+      min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:events) do
+        subscriber.command_started_events('insert')
+      end
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write_concern: {w: 3})
+      end
+
+      let!(:command) do
+        Utils.get_command_event(authorized_client, 'insert') do |client|
+          collection.insert_one({name: 'test1'}, session: session, write_concern: {w: 1},
+            bypass_document_validation: true)
+        end.command
+      end
+
+      it 'inserts one successfully with correct options sent to server' do
+        expect(events.length).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:writeConcern]).to_not be_nil
+        expect(command[:writeConcern][:w]).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:bypassDocumentValidation]).to be(true)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the document contains invalid keys' do
+
+      let(:doc) do
+        { 'testing.test' => 'value' }
+      end
+
+      it 'raises a BSON::String::IllegalKey exception' do
+        expect {
+          authorized_collection.insert_one(doc)
+        }.to raise_exception(BSON::String::IllegalKey)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the document is nil' do
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(nil)
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an ArgumentError' do
+       expect {
+         result
+       }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, "Document to be inserted cannot be nil")
+     end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the insert fails' do
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(_id: 1)
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(_id: 1)
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an OperationFailure' do
+        expect {
+          result
+        }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the client has a custom id generator' do
+
+      let(:generator) do
+        Class.new do
+          def generate
+            1
+          end
+        end.new
+      end
+
+      let(:custom_client) do
+        authorized_client.with(id_generator: generator)
+      end
+
+      let(:custom_collection) do
+        custom_client[TEST_COLL]
+      end
+
+      before do
+        custom_collection.delete_many
+        custom_collection.insert_one({ name: 'testing' })
+      end
+
+      it 'inserts with the custom id' do
+        expect(custom_collection.find.first[:_id]).to eq(1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collection has a validator' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+
+      around(:each) do |spec|
+        authorized_client[:validating,
+                          :validator => { :a => { '$exists' => true } }].tap do |c|
+          c.create
+        end
+        spec.run
+        collection_with_validator.drop
+      end
+
+      context 'when the document is valid' do
+
+        let(:result) do
+          collection_with_validator.insert_one({ a: 1 })
+        end
+
+        it 'inserts successfully' do
+          expect(result.written_count).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the document is invalid' do
+
+        context 'when bypass_document_validation is not set' do
+
+          let(:result2) do
+            collection_with_validator.insert_one({ x: 1 })
+          end
+
+          it 'raises a OperationFailure' do
+            expect {
+              result2
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when bypass_document_validation is true' do
+
+          let(:result3) do
+            collection_with_validator.insert_one(
+              { x: 1 }, :bypass_document_validation => true)
+          end
+
+          it 'inserts successfully' do
+            expect(result3.written_count).to eq(1)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#bulk_write' do
+
+    context 'when various options passed in' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+      require_topology :replica_set
+
+      # https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/RUBY-2306
+      min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+      let(:requests) do
+        [
+          { insert_one: { name: "anne" }},
+          { insert_one: { name: "bob" }},
+          { insert_one: { name: "charlie" }}
+        ]
+      end
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let!(:command) do
+        Utils.get_command_event(authorized_client, 'insert') do |client|
+          collection.bulk_write(requests, session: session, write_concern: {w: 1},
+            bypass_document_validation: true)
+        end.command
+      end
+
+      let(:events) do
+        subscriber.command_started_events('insert')
+      end
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write_concern: {w: 2})
+      end
+
+      it 'inserts successfully with correct options sent to server' do
+        expect(collection.count).to eq(3)
+        expect(events.length).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:writeConcern]).to_not be_nil
+        expect(command[:writeConcern][:w]).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:bypassDocumentValidation]).to eq(true)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#aggregate' do
+
+    describe 'updating cluster time' do
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        client[TEST_COLL].aggregate([]).first
+      end
+
+      let(:operation_with_session) do
+        client[TEST_COLL].aggregate([], session: session).first
+      end
+
+      let(:second_operation) do
+        client[TEST_COLL].aggregate([], session: session).first
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation updating cluster time'
+    end
+
+    context 'when a session supporting causal consistency is used' do
+      require_wired_tiger
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection.aggregate([], session: session).first
+      end
+
+      let(:command) do
+        operation
+        subscriber.started_events.find { |cmd| cmd.command_name == 'aggregate' }.command
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation supporting causally consistent reads'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns an Aggregation object' do
+      expect(authorized_collection.aggregate([])).to be_a(Mongo::Collection::View::Aggregation)
+    end
+
+    context 'when options are provided' do
+
+      let(:options) do
+        { :allow_disk_use => true, :bypass_document_validation => true }
+      end
+
+      it 'sets the options on the Aggregation object' do
+        expect(authorized_collection.aggregate([], options).options).to eq(BSON::Document.new(options))
+      end
+
+      context 'when the :comment option is provided' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { :comment => 'testing' }
+        end
+
+        it 'sets the options on the Aggregation object' do
+          expect(authorized_collection.aggregate([], options).options).to eq(BSON::Document.new(options))
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when a session is provided' do
+
+        let(:session) do
+          authorized_client.start_session
+        end
+
+        let(:operation) do
+          authorized_collection.aggregate([], session: session).to_a
+        end
+
+        let(:failed_operation) do
+          authorized_collection.aggregate([ { '$invalid' => 1 }], session: session).to_a
+        end
+
+        let(:client) do
+          authorized_client
+        end
+
+        it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+        it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+      end
+
+      context 'when a hint is provided' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { 'hint' => { 'y' => 1 } }
+        end
+
+        it 'sets the options on the Aggregation object' do
+          expect(authorized_collection.aggregate([], options).options).to eq(options)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when collation is provided' do
+
+        before do
+          authorized_collection.insert_many([ { name: 'bang' }, { name: 'bang' }])
+        end
+
+        let(:pipeline) do
+          [{ "$match" => { "name" => "BANG" } }]
+        end
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { collation: { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+        end
+
+        let(:result) do
+          authorized_collection.aggregate(pipeline, options).collect { |doc| doc['name']}
+        end
+
+        context 'when the server selected supports collations' do
+          min_server_fcv '3.4'
+
+          it 'applies the collation' do
+            expect(result).to eq(['bang', 'bang'])
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when the server selected does not support collations' do
+          max_server_version '3.2'
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+
+          context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+            let(:options) do
+              { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+            end
+
+            it 'raises an exception' do
+              expect {
+                result
+              }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#count_documents' do
+
+    before do
+      authorized_collection.delete_many
+    end
+
+    context 'no argument provided' do
+
+      context 'when collection is empty' do
+        it 'returns 0 matching documents' do
+          expect(authorized_collection.count_documents).to eq(0)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when collection is not empty' do
+
+        let(:documents) do
+          documents = []
+          1.upto(10) do |index|
+            documents << { key: 'a', _id: "in#{index}" }
+          end
+          documents
+        end
+
+        before do
+          authorized_collection.insert_many(documents)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns 10 matching documents' do
+          expect(authorized_collection.count_documents).to eq(10)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when transactions are enabled' do
+      require_wired_tiger
+      require_transaction_support
+
+      before do
+        # Ensure that the collection is created
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(x: 1)
+        authorized_collection.delete_many({})
+      end
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      it 'successfully starts a transaction and executes a transaction' do
+        session.start_transaction
+        expect(
+          session.instance_variable_get(:@state)
+        ).to eq(Mongo::Session::STARTING_TRANSACTION_STATE)
+
+        expect(authorized_collection.count_documents({}, { session: session })).to eq(0)
+        expect(
+          session.instance_variable_get(:@state)
+        ).to eq(Mongo::Session::TRANSACTION_IN_PROGRESS_STATE)
+
+        authorized_collection.insert_one({ x: 1 }, { session: session })
+        expect(authorized_collection.count_documents({}, { session: session })).to eq(1)
+
+        session.commit_transaction
+        expect(
+          session.instance_variable_get(:@state)
+        ).to eq(Mongo::Session::TRANSACTION_COMMITTED_STATE)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#count' do
+
+    let(:documents) do
+      (1..10).map{ |i| { field: "test#{i}" }}
+    end
+
+    before do
+      authorized_collection.insert_many(documents)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns an integer count' do
+      expect(authorized_collection.count).to eq(10)
+    end
+
+    context 'when options are provided' do
+
+      it 'passes the options to the count' do
+        expect(authorized_collection.count({}, limit: 5)).to eq(5)
+      end
+
+      context 'when a session is provided' do
+        require_wired_tiger
+
+        let(:session) do
+          authorized_client.start_session
+        end
+
+        let(:operation) do
+          authorized_collection.count({}, session: session)
+        end
+
+        let(:failed_operation) do
+          authorized_collection.count({ '$._id' => 1 }, session: session)
+        end
+
+        let(:client) do
+          authorized_client
+        end
+
+        it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+        it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+      end
+
+      context 'when a session supporting causal consistency is used' do
+        require_wired_tiger
+
+        let(:operation) do
+          collection.count({}, session: session)
+        end
+
+        let(:command) do
+          operation
+          subscriber.started_events.find { |cmd| cmd.command_name == 'count' }.command
+        end
+
+        it_behaves_like 'an operation supporting causally consistent reads'
+      end
+
+      context 'when a collation is specified' do
+
+        let(:selector) do
+          { name: 'BANG' }
+        end
+
+        let(:result) do
+          authorized_collection.count(selector, options)
+        end
+
+        before do
+          authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+        end
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { collation: { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+        end
+
+        context 'when the server selected supports collations' do
+          min_server_fcv '3.4'
+
+          it 'applies the collation to the count' do
+            expect(result).to eq(1)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when the server selected does not support collations' do
+          max_server_version '3.2'
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+
+          context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+            let(:options) do
+              { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+            end
+
+            it 'raises an exception' do
+              expect {
+                result
+              }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#distinct' do
+
+    let(:documents) do
+      (1..3).map{ |i| { field: "test#{i}" }}
+    end
+
+    before do
+      authorized_collection.insert_many(documents)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the distinct values' do
+      expect(authorized_collection.distinct(:field).sort).to eq([ 'test1', 'test2', 'test3' ])
+    end
+
+    context 'when a selector is provided' do
+
+      it 'returns the distinct values' do
+        expect(authorized_collection.distinct(:field, field: 'test1')).to eq([ 'test1' ])
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when options are provided' do
+
+      it 'passes the options to the distinct command' do
+        expect(authorized_collection.distinct(:field, {}, max_time_ms: 100).sort).to eq([ 'test1', 'test2', 'test3' ])
+      end
+
+      context 'when a session is provided' do
+        require_wired_tiger
+
+        let(:session) do
+          authorized_client.start_session
+        end
+
+        let(:operation) do
+          authorized_collection.distinct(:field, {}, session: session)
+        end
+
+        let(:failed_operation) do
+          authorized_collection.distinct(:field, { '$._id' => 1 }, session: session)
+        end
+
+        let(:client) do
+          authorized_client
+        end
+
+        it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+        it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when a session supporting causal consistency is used' do
+      require_wired_tiger
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection.distinct(:field, {}, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:command) do
+        operation
+        subscriber.started_events.find { |cmd| cmd.command_name == 'distinct' }.command
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation supporting causally consistent reads'
+    end
+
+    context 'when a collation is specified' do
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.distinct(:name, {}, options)
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'BANG')
+      end
+
+      let(:options) do
+        { collation: { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected supports collations' do
+        min_server_fcv '3.4'
+
+        it 'applies the collation to the distinct' do
+          expect(result).to eq(['bang'])
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected does not support collations' do
+        max_server_version '3.2'
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            result
+          }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when a collation is not specified' do
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.distinct(:name)
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'BANG')
+      end
+
+      it 'does not apply the collation to the distinct' do
+        expect(result).to match_array(['bang', 'BANG'])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#delete_one' do
+
+    context 'when a selector was provided' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { field: 'test1' }
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_many([
+                                            { field: 'test1' },
+                                            { field: 'test1' },
+                                            { field: 'test1' }
+                                          ])
+      end
+
+      let(:response) do
+        authorized_collection.delete_one(selector)
+      end
+
+      it 'deletes the first matching document in the collection' do
+        expect(response.deleted_count).to eq(1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when no selector was provided' do
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_many([{ field: 'test1' }, { field: 'test2' }])
+      end
+
+      let(:response) do
+        authorized_collection.delete_one
+      end
+
+      it 'deletes the first document in the collection' do
+        expect(response.deleted_count).to eq(1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the delete fails' do
+      require_topology :single
+
+      let(:result) do
+        collection_invalid_write_concern.delete_one
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an OperationFailure' do
+        expect {
+          result
+        }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when a session is provided' do
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        authorized_collection.delete_one({}, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:failed_operation) do
+        authorized_collection.delete_one({ '$._id' => 1}, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:client) do
+        authorized_client
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+      it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes is used' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 0 })
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.delete_one({}, session: session)
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an explicit session with an unacknowledged write'
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes is used with an implicit session' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        client.with(write: { w: 0 })[TEST_COLL]
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.delete_one
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an implicit session with an unacknowledged write'
+    end
+
+    context 'when a collation is provided' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.delete_one(selector, options)
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      let(:options) do
+        { collation: { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected supports collations' do
+        min_server_fcv '3.4'
+
+        it 'applies the collation' do
+          expect(result.written_count).to eq(1)
+          expect(authorized_collection.find(name: 'bang').count).to eq(0)
+        end
+
+        context 'when unacknowledged writes is used' do
+
+          let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+            authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 0 })
+          end
+
+          let(:result) do
+            collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.delete_one(selector, options)
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+
+          context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+            let(:options) do
+              { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+            end
+
+            it 'raises an exception' do
+              expect {
+                result
+              }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected does not support collations' do
+        max_server_version '3.2'
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            result
+          }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collation is not specified' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.delete_one(selector)
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      it 'does not apply the collation' do
+        expect(result.written_count).to eq(0)
+        expect(authorized_collection.find(name: 'bang').count).to eq(1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when various options passed in' do
+      # w: 2 requires a replica set
+      require_topology :replica_set
+
+      # https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/RUBY-2306
+      min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_many([{ name: 'test1' }, { name: 'test2' }])
+      end
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        {name: 'test2'}
+      end
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:events) do
+        subscriber.command_started_events('delete')
+      end
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write_concern: {w: 2})
+      end
+
+      let!(:command) do
+        Utils.get_command_event(authorized_client, 'delete') do |client|
+          collection.delete_one(selector, session: session, write_concern: {w: 1},
+            bypass_document_validation: true)
+        end.command
+      end
+
+      it 'deletes one successfully with correct options sent to server' do
+        expect(events.length).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:writeConcern]).to_not be_nil
+        expect(command[:writeConcern][:w]).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:bypassDocumentValidation]).to eq(true)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#delete_many' do
+
+    before do
+      authorized_collection.insert_many([{ field: 'test1' }, { field: 'test2' }])
+    end
+
+    context 'when a selector was provided' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { field: 'test1' }
+      end
+
+      it 'deletes the matching documents in the collection' do
+        expect(authorized_collection.delete_many(selector).deleted_count).to eq(1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when no selector was provided' do
+
+      it 'deletes all the documents in the collection' do
+        expect(authorized_collection.delete_many.deleted_count).to eq(2)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the deletes fail' do
+      require_topology :single
+
+      let(:result) do
+        collection_invalid_write_concern.delete_many
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an OperationFailure' do
+        expect {
+          result
+        }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when a session is provided' do
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        authorized_collection.delete_many({}, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:failed_operation) do
+        authorized_collection.delete_many({ '$._id' => 1}, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:client) do
+        authorized_client
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+      it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes are used with an explicit session' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 0 })
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.delete_many({ '$._id' => 1}, session: session)
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an explicit session with an unacknowledged write'
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes are used with an implicit session' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        client.with(write: { w: 0 })[TEST_COLL]
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.delete_many({ '$._id' => 1 })
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an implicit session with an unacknowledged write'
+    end
+
+    context 'when a collation is specified' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.delete_many(selector, options)
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      let(:options) do
+        { collation: { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected supports collations' do
+        min_server_fcv '3.4'
+
+        it 'applies the collation' do
+          expect(result.written_count).to eq(2)
+          expect(authorized_collection.find(name: 'bang').count).to eq(0)
+        end
+
+        context 'when unacknowledged writes is used' do
+
+          let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+            authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 0 })
+          end
+
+          let(:result) do
+            collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.delete_many(selector, options)
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+
+          context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+            let(:options) do
+              { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+            end
+
+            it 'raises an exception' do
+              expect {
+                result
+              }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected does not support collations' do
+        max_server_version '3.2'
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            result
+          }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when a collation is not specified' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.delete_many(selector)
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      it 'does not apply the collation' do
+        expect(result.written_count).to eq(0)
+        expect(authorized_collection.find(name: 'bang').count).to eq(2)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when various options passed in' do
+      # w: 2 requires a replica set
+      require_topology :replica_set
+
+      # https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/RUBY-2306
+      min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+      before do
+        collection.insert_many([{ name: 'test1' }, { name: 'test2' }, { name: 'test3'}])
+      end
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        {name: 'test1'}
+      end
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:events) do
+        subscriber.command_started_events('delete')
+      end
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write_concern: {w: 1})
+      end
+
+      let!(:command) do
+        Utils.get_command_event(authorized_client, 'delete') do |client|
+          collection.delete_many(selector, session: session, write_concern: {w: 2},
+            bypass_document_validation: true)
+        end.command
+      end
+
+      it 'deletes many successfully with correct options sent to server' do
+        expect(events.length).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:writeConcern]).to_not be_nil
+        expect(command[:writeConcern][:w]).to eq(2)
+        expect(command[:bypassDocumentValidation]).to be(true)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#parallel_scan' do
+    max_server_version '4.0'
+    require_topology :single, :replica_set
+
+    let(:documents) do
+      (1..200).map do |i|
+        { name: "testing-scan-#{i}" }
+      end
+    end
+
+    before do
+      authorized_collection.insert_many(documents)
+    end
+
+    let(:cursors) do
+      authorized_collection.parallel_scan(2)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns an array of cursors' do
+      cursors.each do |cursor|
+        expect(cursor.class).to be(Mongo::Cursor)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the correct number of documents' do
+      expect(
+        cursors.reduce(0) { |total, cursor| total + cursor.to_a.size }
+      ).to eq(200)
+    end
+
+    context 'when a session is provided' do
+      require_wired_tiger
+
+      let(:cursors) do
+        authorized_collection.parallel_scan(2, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        cursors.reduce(0) { |total, cursor| total + cursor.to_a.size }
+      end
+
+      let(:failed_operation) do
+        authorized_collection.parallel_scan(-2, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:client) do
+        authorized_client
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+      it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+    end
+
+    context 'when a session is not provided' do
+      let(:collection) { client['test'] }
+
+      let(:cursors) do
+        collection.parallel_scan(2)
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        cursors.reduce(0) { |total, cursor| total + cursor.to_a.size }
+      end
+
+      let(:failed_operation) do
+        collection.parallel_scan(-2)
+      end
+
+      let(:command) do
+        operation
+        event = subscriber.started_events.find { |cmd| cmd.command_name == 'parallelCollectionScan' }
+        expect(event).not_to be_nil
+        event.command
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation not using a session'
+      it_behaves_like 'a failed operation not using a session'
+    end
+
+    context 'when a session supporting causal consistency is used' do
+      require_wired_tiger
+
+      before do
+        collection.drop
+        collection.create
+      end
+
+      let(:cursors) do
+        collection.parallel_scan(2, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        cursors.reduce(0) { |total, cursor| total + cursor.to_a.size }
+      end
+
+      let(:command) do
+        operation
+        event = subscriber.started_events.find { |cmd| cmd.command_name == 'parallelCollectionScan' }
+        expect(event).not_to be_nil
+        event.command
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation supporting causally consistent reads'
+    end
+
+    context 'when a read concern is provided' do
+      require_wired_tiger
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.with(options).parallel_scan(2)
+      end
+
+      context 'when the read concern is valid' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { read_concern: { level: 'local' }}
+        end
+
+        it 'sends the read concern' do
+          expect { result }.to_not raise_error
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the read concern is not valid' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { read_concern: { level: 'idontknow' }}
+        end
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            result
+          }.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the collection has a read preference' do
+      require_topology :single, :replica_set
+
+      before do
+        allow(collection.client.cluster).to receive(:single?).and_return(false)
+      end
+
+      let(:client) do
+        authorized_client.with(server_selection_timeout: 0.2)
+      end
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        client[authorized_collection.name,
+               read: { :mode => :secondary, :tag_sets => [{ 'non' => 'existent' }] }]
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        collection.parallel_scan(2)
+      end
+
+      it 'uses that read preference' do
+        expect {
+          result
+        }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::NoServerAvailable)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when a max time ms value is provided' do
+      require_topology :single, :replica_set
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.parallel_scan(2, options)
+      end
+
+      context 'when the read concern is valid' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { max_time_ms: 5 }
+        end
+
+        it 'sends the max time ms value' do
+          expect { result }.to_not raise_error
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the max time ms is not valid' do
+
+        let(:options) do
+          { max_time_ms: 0.1 }
+        end
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            result
+          }.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#replace_one' do
+
+    let(:selector) do
+      { field: 'test1' }
+    end
+
+    context 'when a selector was provided' do
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_many([{ field: 'test1' }, { field: 'test1' }])
+      end
+
+      let!(:response) do
+        authorized_collection.replace_one(selector, { field: 'testing' })
+      end
+
+      let(:updated) do
+        authorized_collection.find(field: 'testing').first
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the first matching document in the collection' do
+        expect(response.modified_count).to eq(1)
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the documents in the collection' do
+        expect(updated[:field]).to eq('testing')
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when upsert is false' do
+
+      let!(:response) do
+        authorized_collection.replace_one(selector, { field: 'test1' }, upsert: false)
+      end
+
+      let(:updated) do
+        authorized_collection.find(field: 'test1').to_a
+      end
+
+      it 'reports that no documents were written'  do
+        expect(response.modified_count).to eq(0)
+      end
+
+      it 'does not insert the document' do
+        expect(updated).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when upsert is true' do
+
+      let!(:response) do
+        authorized_collection.replace_one(selector, { field: 'test1' }, upsert: true)
+      end
+
+      let(:updated) do
+        authorized_collection.find(field: 'test1').first
+      end
+
+      it 'reports that a document was written' do
+        expect(response.written_count).to eq(1)
+      end
+
+      it 'inserts the document' do
+        expect(updated[:field]).to eq('test1')
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when upsert is not specified' do
+
+      let!(:response) do
+        authorized_collection.replace_one(selector, { field: 'test1' })
+      end
+
+      let(:updated) do
+        authorized_collection.find(field: 'test1').to_a
+      end
+
+      it 'reports that no documents were written' do
+        expect(response.modified_count).to eq(0)
+      end
+
+      it 'does not insert the document' do
+        expect(updated).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the replace fails' do
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.replace_one(selector, { '$s' => 'test1' })
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an OperationFailure' do
+        expect {
+          result
+        }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collection has a validator' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+
+      around(:each) do |spec|
+        collection_with_validator.drop
+        authorized_client[:validating,
+                          :validator => { :a => { '$exists' => true } }].tap do |c|
+          c.create
+        end
+        spec.run
+        collection_with_validator.drop
+      end
+
+      before do
+        collection_with_validator.insert_one({ a: 1 })
+      end
+
+      context 'when the document is valid' do
+
+        let(:result) do
+          collection_with_validator.replace_one({ a: 1 }, { a: 5 })
+        end
+
+        it 'replaces successfully' do
+          expect(result.modified_count).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the document is invalid' do
+
+        context 'when bypass_document_validation is not set' do
+
+          let(:result2) do
+            collection_with_validator.replace_one({ a: 1 }, { x: 5 })
+          end
+
+          it 'raises OperationFailure' do
+            expect {
+              result2
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when bypass_document_validation is true' do
+
+          let(:result3) do
+            collection_with_validator.replace_one(
+              { a: 1 }, { x: 1 }, :bypass_document_validation => true)
+          end
+
+          it 'replaces successfully' do
+            expect(result3.written_count).to eq(1)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when a collation is specified' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.replace_one(selector, { name: 'doink' }, options)
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      let(:options) do
+        { collation: { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected supports collations' do
+        min_server_fcv '3.4'
+
+        it 'applies the collation' do
+          expect(result.written_count).to eq(1)
+          expect(authorized_collection.find(name: 'doink').count).to eq(1)
+        end
+
+        context 'when unacknowledged writes is used' do
+
+          let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+            authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 0 })
+          end
+
+          let(:result) do
+            collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.replace_one(selector, { name: 'doink' }, options)
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+
+          context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+            let(:options) do
+              { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+            end
+
+            it 'raises an exception' do
+              expect {
+                result
+              }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected does not support collations' do
+        max_server_version '3.2'
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            result
+          }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when a collation is not specified' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.replace_one(selector, { name: 'doink' })
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      it 'does not apply the collation' do
+        expect(result.written_count).to eq(0)
+        expect(authorized_collection.find(name: 'bang').count).to eq(1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when a session is provided' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        authorized_collection.replace_one(selector, { name: 'doink' }, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:failed_operation) do
+        authorized_collection.replace_one({ '$._id' => 1 }, { name: 'doink' }, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:client) do
+        authorized_client
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+      it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes is used with an explicit session' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 0 })
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.replace_one({ a: 1 }, { x: 5 }, session: session)
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an explicit session with an unacknowledged write'
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes is used with an implicit session' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        client.with(write: { w: 0 })[TEST_COLL]
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.replace_one({ a: 1 }, { x: 5 })
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an implicit session with an unacknowledged write'
+    end
+
+    context 'when various options passed in' do
+      # w: 2 requires a replica set
+      require_topology :replica_set
+
+      # https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/RUBY-2306
+      min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one({field: 'test1'})
+      end
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:events) do
+        subscriber.command_started_events('update')
+      end
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write_concern: {w: 3})
+      end
+
+      let(:updated) do
+        collection.find(field: 'test4').first
+      end
+
+      let!(:command) do
+        Utils.get_command_event(authorized_client, 'update') do |client|
+          collection.replace_one(selector, { field: 'test4'},
+            session: session, :return_document => :after, write_concern: {w: 2},
+            upsert: true, bypass_document_validation: true)
+       end.command
+      end
+
+      it 'replaced one successfully with correct options sent to server' do
+        expect(updated[:field]).to eq('test4')
+        expect(events.length).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:writeConcern]).to_not be_nil
+        expect(command[:writeConcern][:w]).to eq(2)
+        expect(command[:bypassDocumentValidation]).to be(true)
+        expect(command[:updates][0][:upsert]).to be(true)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#update_many' do
+
+    let(:selector) do
+      { field: 'test' }
+    end
+
+    context 'when a selector was provided' do
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_many([{ field: 'test' }, { field: 'test' }])
+      end
+
+      let!(:response) do
+        authorized_collection.update_many(selector, '$set'=> { field: 'testing' })
+      end
+
+      let(:updated) do
+        authorized_collection.find(field: 'testing').to_a.last
+      end
+
+      it 'returns the number updated' do
+        expect(response.modified_count).to eq(2)
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the documents in the collection' do
+        expect(updated[:field]).to eq('testing')
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when upsert is false' do
+
+      let(:response) do
+        authorized_collection.update_many(selector, { '$set'=> { field: 'testing' } },
+                                          upsert: false)
+      end
+
+      let(:updated) do
+        authorized_collection.find.to_a
+      end
+
+      it 'reports that no documents were updated' do
+        expect(response.modified_count).to eq(0)
+      end
+
+      it 'updates no documents in the collection' do
+        expect(updated).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when upsert is true' do
+
+      let!(:response) do
+        authorized_collection.update_many(selector, { '$set'=> { field: 'testing' } },
+                                          upsert: true)
+      end
+
+      let(:updated) do
+        authorized_collection.find.to_a.last
+      end
+
+      it 'reports that a document was written' do
+        expect(response.written_count).to eq(1)
+      end
+
+      it 'inserts a document into the collection' do
+        expect(updated[:field]).to eq('testing')
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when upsert is not specified' do
+
+      let(:response) do
+        authorized_collection.update_many(selector, { '$set'=> { field: 'testing' } })
+      end
+
+      let(:updated) do
+        authorized_collection.find.to_a
+      end
+
+      it 'reports that no documents were updated' do
+        expect(response.modified_count).to eq(0)
+      end
+
+      it 'updates no documents in the collection' do
+        expect(updated).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when arrayFilters is provided' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { '$or' => [{ _id: 0 }, { _id: 1 }]}
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server supports arrayFilters' do
+        min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+        before do
+          authorized_collection.insert_many([{
+                                               _id: 0, x: [
+                                                 { y: 1 },
+                                                 { y: 2 },
+                                                 { y: 3 }
+                                               ]
+                                             },
+                                             {
+                                               _id: 1,
+                                               x: [
+                                                 { y: 3 },
+                                                 { y: 2 },
+                                                 { y: 1 }
+                                               ]
+                                             }])
+        end
+
+        let(:result) do
+          authorized_collection.update_many(selector,
+                                            { '$set' => { 'x.$[i].y' => 5 } },
+                                            options)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a Symbol key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { array_filters: [{ 'i.y' => 3 }] }
+          end
+
+          it 'applies the arrayFilters' do
+            expect(result.matched_count).to eq(2)
+            expect(result.modified_count).to eq(2)
+
+            docs = authorized_collection.find(selector, sort: { _id: 1 }).to_a
+            expect(docs[0]['x']).to eq ([{ 'y' => 1 },  { 'y' => 2 }, { 'y' => 5 }])
+            expect(docs[1]['x']).to eq ([{ 'y' => 5 },  { 'y' => 2 }, { 'y' => 1 }])
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'array_filters' => [{ 'i.y' => 3 }] }
+          end
+
+          it 'applies the arrayFilters' do
+            expect(result.matched_count).to eq(2)
+            expect(result.modified_count).to eq(2)
+
+            docs = authorized_collection.find({}, sort: { _id: 1 }).to_a
+            expect(docs[0]['x']).to eq ([{ 'y' => 1 },  { 'y' => 2 }, { 'y' => 5 }])
+            expect(docs[1]['x']).to eq ([{ 'y' => 5 },  { 'y' => 2 }, { 'y' => 1 }])
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server does not support arrayFilters' do
+        max_server_version '3.4'
+
+        let(:result) do
+          authorized_collection.update_many(selector,
+                                           { '$set' => { 'x.$[i].y' => 5 } },
+                                           options)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a Symbol key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { array_filters: [{ 'i.y' => 3 }] }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedArrayFilters)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'array_filters' => [{ 'i.y' => 3 }] }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedArrayFilters)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the updates fail' do
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.update_many(selector, { '$s'=> { field: 'testing' } })
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an OperationFailure' do
+        expect {
+          result
+        }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collection has a validator' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+
+      around(:each) do |spec|
+        authorized_client[:validating,
+                          :validator => { :a => { '$exists' => true } }].tap do |c|
+          c.create
+        end
+        spec.run
+        collection_with_validator.drop
+      end
+
+      before do
+        collection_with_validator.insert_many([{ a: 1 }, { a: 2 }])
+      end
+
+      context 'when the document is valid' do
+
+        let(:result) do
+          collection_with_validator.update_many(
+            { :a => { '$gt' => 0 } }, '$inc' => { :a => 1 } )
+        end
+
+        it 'updates successfully' do
+          expect(result.modified_count).to eq(2)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the document is invalid' do
+
+        context 'when bypass_document_validation is not set' do
+
+          let(:result2) do
+            collection_with_validator.update_many(
+              { :a => { '$gt' => 0 } }, '$unset' => { :a => '' })
+          end
+
+          it 'raises OperationFailure' do
+            expect {
+              result2
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when bypass_document_validation is true' do
+
+          let(:result3) do
+            collection_with_validator.update_many(
+              { :a => { '$gt' => 0 } }, { '$unset' => { :a => '' } },
+              :bypass_document_validation => true)
+          end
+
+          it 'updates successfully' do
+            expect(result3.written_count).to eq(2)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when a collation is specified' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.update_many(selector, { '$set' => { other: 'doink' } }, options)
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'baNG')
+      end
+
+      let(:options) do
+        { collation: { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected supports collations' do
+        min_server_fcv '3.4'
+
+        it 'applies the collation' do
+          expect(result.written_count).to eq(2)
+          expect(authorized_collection.find(other: 'doink').count).to eq(2)
+        end
+
+        context 'when unacknowledged writes is used' do
+
+          let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+            authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 0 })
+          end
+
+          let(:result) do
+            collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.update_many(selector, { '$set' => { other: 'doink' } }, options)
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+
+          context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+            let(:options) do
+              { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+            end
+
+            it 'raises an exception' do
+              expect {
+                result
+              }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected does not support collations' do
+        max_server_version '3.2'
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            result
+          }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collation is not specified' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        {name: 'BANG'}
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.update_many(selector, { '$set' => {other: 'doink'} })
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'baNG')
+      end
+
+      it 'does not apply the collation' do
+        expect(result.written_count).to eq(0)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when a session is provided' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        authorized_collection.update_many(selector, { '$set' => {other: 'doink'} }, session: session)
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'baNG')
+      end
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:failed_operation) do
+        authorized_collection.update_many({ '$._id' => 1 }, { '$set' => {other: 'doink'} }, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:client) do
+        authorized_client
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+      it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes is used with an explicit session' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 0 })
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.update_many({a: 1}, { '$set' => {x: 1} }, session: session)
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an explicit session with an unacknowledged write'
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes is used with an implicit session' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        client.with(write: { w: 0 })[TEST_COLL]
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.update_many({a: 1}, {'$set' => {x: 1}})
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an implicit session with an unacknowledged write'
+    end
+
+    context 'when various options passed in' do
+      # w: 2 requires a replica set
+      require_topology :replica_set
+
+      # https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/RUBY-2306
+      min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+      before do
+        collection.insert_many([{ field: 'test' }, { field: 'test2' }], session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write_concern: {w: 1})
+      end
+
+      let(:events) do
+        subscriber.command_started_events('update')
+      end
+
+      let!(:command) do
+        Utils.get_command_event(authorized_client, 'update') do |client|
+          collection.update_many(selector, {'$set'=> { field: 'testing' }}, session: session,
+            write_concern: {w: 2}, bypass_document_validation: true, upsert: true)
+        end.command
+      end
+
+      it 'updates many successfully with correct options sent to server' do
+        expect(events.length).to eq(1)
+        expect(collection.options[:write_concern]).to eq(w: 1)
+        expect(command[:writeConcern][:w]).to eq(2)
+        expect(command[:bypassDocumentValidation]).to be(true)
+        expect(command[:updates][0][:upsert]).to be(true)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#update_one' do
+
+    let(:selector) do
+      { field: 'test1' }
+    end
+
+    context 'when a selector was provided' do
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_many([{ field: 'test1' }, { field: 'test1' }])
+      end
+
+      let!(:response) do
+        authorized_collection.update_one(selector, '$set'=> { field: 'testing' })
+      end
+
+      let(:updated) do
+        authorized_collection.find(field: 'testing').first
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the first matching document in the collection' do
+        expect(response.modified_count).to eq(1)
+      end
+
+      it 'updates the documents in the collection' do
+        expect(updated[:field]).to eq('testing')
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when upsert is false' do
+
+      let(:response) do
+        authorized_collection.update_one(selector, { '$set'=> { field: 'testing' } },
+                                         upsert: false)
+      end
+
+      let(:updated) do
+        authorized_collection.find.to_a
+      end
+
+      it 'reports that no documents were updated' do
+        expect(response.modified_count).to eq(0)
+      end
+
+      it 'updates no documents in the collection' do
+        expect(updated).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when upsert is true' do
+
+      let!(:response) do
+        authorized_collection.update_one(selector, { '$set'=> { field: 'testing' } },
+                                         upsert: true)
+      end
+
+      let(:updated) do
+        authorized_collection.find.first
+      end
+
+      it 'reports that a document was written' do
+        expect(response.written_count).to eq(1)
+      end
+
+      it 'inserts a document into the collection' do
+        expect(updated[:field]).to eq('testing')
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when upsert is not specified' do
+
+      let(:response) do
+        authorized_collection.update_one(selector, { '$set'=> { field: 'testing' } })
+      end
+
+      let(:updated) do
+        authorized_collection.find.to_a
+      end
+
+      it 'reports that no documents were updated' do
+        expect(response.modified_count).to eq(0)
+      end
+
+      it 'updates no documents in the collection' do
+        expect(updated).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the update fails' do
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.update_one(selector, { '$s'=> { field: 'testing' } })
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an OperationFailure' do
+        expect {
+          result
+        }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collection has a validator' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+
+      around(:each) do |spec|
+        authorized_client[:validating,
+                          :validator => { :a => { '$exists' => true } }].tap do |c|
+          c.create
+        end
+        spec.run
+        collection_with_validator.drop
+      end
+
+      before do
+        collection_with_validator.insert_one({ a: 1 })
+      end
+
+      context 'when the document is valid' do
+
+        let(:result) do
+          collection_with_validator.update_one(
+            { :a => { '$gt' => 0 } }, '$inc' => { :a => 1 } )
+        end
+
+        it 'updates successfully' do
+          expect(result.modified_count).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the document is invalid' do
+
+        context 'when bypass_document_validation is not set' do
+
+          let(:result2) do
+            collection_with_validator.update_one(
+              { :a => { '$gt' => 0 } }, '$unset' => { :a => '' })
+          end
+
+          it 'raises OperationFailure' do
+            expect {
+              result2
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when bypass_document_validation is true' do
+
+          let(:result3) do
+            collection_with_validator.update_one(
+              { :a => { '$gt' => 0 } }, { '$unset' => { :a => '' } },
+              :bypass_document_validation => true)
+          end
+
+          it 'updates successfully' do
+            expect(result3.written_count).to eq(1)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when there is a collation specified' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.update_one(selector, { '$set' => { other: 'doink' } }, options)
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      let(:options) do
+        { collation: { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected supports collations' do
+        min_server_fcv '3.4'
+
+        it 'applies the collation' do
+          expect(result.written_count).to eq(1)
+          expect(authorized_collection.find(other: 'doink').count).to eq(1)
+        end
+
+        context 'when unacknowledged writes is used' do
+
+          let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+            authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 0 })
+          end
+
+          let(:result) do
+            collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.update_one(selector, { '$set' => { other: 'doink' } }, options)
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+
+          context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+            let(:options) do
+              { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+            end
+
+            it 'raises an exception' do
+              expect {
+                result
+              }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected does not support collations' do
+        max_server_version '3.2'
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            result
+          }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when a collation is not specified' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.update_one(selector, { '$set' => { other: 'doink' } })
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      it 'does not apply the collation' do
+        expect(result.written_count).to eq(0)
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    context 'when arrayFilters is provided' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { _id: 0}
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server supports arrayFilters' do
+        min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+        before do
+          authorized_collection.insert_one(_id: 0, x: [{ y: 1 }, { y: 2 }, {y: 3 }])
+        end
+
+        let(:result) do
+          authorized_collection.update_one(selector,
+                                           { '$set' => { 'x.$[i].y' => 5 } },
+                                           options)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a Symbol key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { array_filters: [{ 'i.y' => 3 }] }
+          end
+
+          it 'applies the arrayFilters' do
+            expect(result.matched_count).to eq(1)
+            expect(result.modified_count).to eq(1)
+            expect(authorized_collection.find(selector).first['x'].last['y']).to eq(5)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'array_filters' => [{ 'i.y' => 3 }] }
+          end
+
+          it 'applies the arrayFilters' do
+            expect(result.matched_count).to eq(1)
+            expect(result.modified_count).to eq(1)
+            expect(authorized_collection.find(selector).first['x'].last['y']).to eq(5)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server does not support arrayFilters' do
+        max_server_version '3.4'
+
+        let(:result) do
+          authorized_collection.update_one(selector,
+                                           { '$set' => { 'x.$[i].y' => 5 } },
+                                           options)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a Symbol key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { array_filters: [{ 'i.y' => 3 }] }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedArrayFilters)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'array_filters' => [{ 'i.y' => 3 }] }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedArrayFilters)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the documents are sent with OP_MSG' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+      let(:documents) do
+        [{ '_id' => 1, 'name' => '1'*16777191 }, { '_id' => 'y' }]
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_many([{ field: 'test1' }, { field: 'test1' }])
+        client[TEST_COLL].update_one({ a: 1 }, {'$set' => { 'name' => '1'*16777149 }})
+      end
+
+      let(:update_events) do
+        subscriber.started_events.select { |e| e.command_name == 'update' }
+      end
+
+      it 'sends the documents in one OP_MSG' do
+        expect(update_events.size).to eq(1)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when a session is provided' do
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_many([{ field: 'test1' }, { field: 'test1' }])
+      end
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        authorized_collection.update_one({ field: 'test' }, { '$set'=> { field: 'testing' } }, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:failed_operation) do
+        authorized_collection.update_one({ '$._id' => 1 }, { '$set'=> { field: 'testing' } }, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:client) do
+        authorized_client
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+      it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes is used with an explicit session' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 0 })
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.update_one({ a: 1 }, { '$set' => { x: 1 } }, session: session)
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an explicit session with an unacknowledged write'
+    end
+
+    context 'when unacknowledged writes is used with an implicit session' do
+
+      let(:collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern) do
+        client.with(write: { w: 0 })[TEST_COLL]
+      end
+
+      let(:operation) do
+        collection_with_unacknowledged_write_concern.update_one({ a: 1 }, { '$set' => { x: 1 }})
+      end
+
+      it_behaves_like 'an implicit session with an unacknowledged write'
+    end
+
+    context 'when various options passed in' do
+      # w: 2 requires a replica set
+      require_topology :replica_set
+
+      # https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/RUBY-2306
+      min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+      before do
+        collection.insert_many([{ field: 'test1' }, { field: 'test2' }], session: session)
+      end
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write_concern: {w: 1})
+      end
+
+      let(:events) do
+        subscriber.command_started_events('update')
+      end
+
+      let!(:command) do
+        Utils.get_command_event(authorized_client, 'update') do |client|
+          collection.update_one(selector, { '$set'=> { field: 'testing' } }, session: session,
+            write_concern: {w: 2}, bypass_document_validation: true, :return_document => :after,
+            upsert: true)
+        end.command
+      end
+
+      it 'updates one successfully with correct options sent to server' do
+        expect(events.length).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:writeConcern]).to_not be_nil
+        expect(command[:writeConcern][:w]).to eq(2)
+        expect(collection.options[:write_concern]).to eq(w:1)
+        expect(command[:bypassDocumentValidation]).to be(true)
+        expect(command[:updates][0][:upsert]).to be(true)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#find_one_and_delete' do
+
+    before do
+      authorized_collection.insert_many([{ field: 'test1' }])
+    end
+
+    let(:selector) do
+      { field: 'test1' }
+    end
+
+    context 'when a matching document is found' do
+
+      context 'when a session is provided' do
+
+        let(:operation) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_delete(selector, session: session)
+        end
+
+        let(:failed_operation) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_delete({ '$._id' => 1 }, session: session)
+        end
+
+        let(:session) do
+          authorized_client.start_session
+        end
+
+        let(:client) do
+          authorized_client
+        end
+
+        it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+        it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+      end
+
+      context 'when no options are provided' do
+
+        let!(:document) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_delete(selector)
+        end
+
+        it 'deletes the document from the database' do
+          expect(authorized_collection.find.to_a).to be_empty
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the document' do
+          expect(document['field']).to eq('test1')
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when a projection is provided' do
+
+        let!(:document) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_delete(selector, projection: { _id: 1 })
+        end
+
+        it 'deletes the document from the database' do
+          expect(authorized_collection.find.to_a).to be_empty
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the document with limited fields' do
+          expect(document['field']).to be_nil
+          expect(document['_id']).to_not be_nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when a sort is provided' do
+
+        let!(:document) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_delete(selector, sort: { field: 1 })
+        end
+
+        it 'deletes the document from the database' do
+          expect(authorized_collection.find.to_a).to be_empty
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the document with limited fields' do
+          expect(document['field']).to eq('test1')
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when max_time_ms is provided' do
+
+        it 'includes the max_time_ms value in the command' do
+          expect {
+            authorized_collection.find_one_and_delete(selector, max_time_ms: 0.1)
+          }.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when no matching document is found' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { field: 'test5' }
+      end
+
+      let!(:document) do
+        authorized_collection.find_one_and_delete(selector)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns nil' do
+        expect(document).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the operation fails' do
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.find_one_and_delete(selector, max_time_ms: 0.1)
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an OperationFailure' do
+        expect {
+          result
+        }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when write_concern is provided' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+      require_topology :single
+
+      it 'uses the write concern' do
+        expect {
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_delete(selector,
+                                                    write_concern: { w: 2 })
+        }.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the collection has a write concern' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+      require_topology :single
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 2 })
+      end
+
+      it 'uses the write concern' do
+        expect {
+          collection.find_one_and_delete(selector,
+                                         write_concern: { w: 2 })
+        }.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collation is specified' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.find_one_and_delete(selector, options)
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      let(:options) do
+        { collation: { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected supports collations' do
+        min_server_fcv '3.4'
+
+        it 'applies the collation' do
+          expect(result['name']).to eq('bang')
+          expect(authorized_collection.find(name: 'bang').count).to eq(0)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected does not support collations' do
+        max_server_version '3.2'
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            result
+          }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collation is not specified' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.find_one_and_delete(selector)
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      it 'does not apply the collation' do
+        expect(result).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when various options passed in' do
+      # w: 2 requires a replica set
+      require_topology :replica_set
+
+      # https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/RUBY-2306
+      min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.delete_many
+        authorized_collection.insert_many([{ name: 'test1' }, { name: 'test2' }])
+      end
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write_concern: {w: 2})
+      end
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let!(:command) do
+        Utils.get_command_event(authorized_client, 'findAndModify') do |client|
+          collection.find_one_and_delete(selector, session: session, write_concern: {w: 2},
+            bypass_document_validation: true, max_time_ms: 300)
+        end.command
+      end
+
+      let(:events) do
+        subscriber.command_started_events('findAndModify')
+      end
+
+      it 'finds and deletes successfully with correct options sent to server' do
+        expect(events.length).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:writeConcern]).to_not be_nil
+        expect(command[:writeConcern][:w]).to eq(2)
+        expect(command[:bypassDocumentValidation]).to eq(true)
+        expect(command[:maxTimeMS]).to eq(300)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#find_one_and_update' do
+
+    let(:selector) do
+      { field: 'test1' }
+    end
+
+    before do
+      authorized_collection.insert_many([{ field: 'test1' }])
+    end
+
+    context 'when a matching document is found' do
+
+      context 'when no options are provided' do
+
+        let(:document) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector, { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }})
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the original document' do
+          expect(document['field']).to eq('test1')
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when a session is provided' do
+
+        let(:operation) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector, { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }}, session: session)
+        end
+
+        let(:failed_operation) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_update({ '$._id' => 1 }, { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }}, session: session)
+        end
+
+        let(:session) do
+          authorized_client.start_session
+        end
+
+        let(:client) do
+          authorized_client
+        end
+
+        it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+        it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+      end
+
+      context 'when no options are provided' do
+
+        let(:document) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector, { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }})
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the original document' do
+          expect(document['field']).to eq('test1')
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when return_document options are provided' do
+
+        context 'when return_document is :after' do
+
+          let(:document) do
+            authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector, { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }}, :return_document => :after)
+          end
+
+          it 'returns the new document' do
+            expect(document['field']).to eq('testing')
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when return_document is :before' do
+
+          let(:document) do
+            authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector, { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }}, :return_document => :before)
+          end
+
+          it 'returns the original document' do
+            expect(document['field']).to eq('test1')
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when a projection is provided' do
+
+        let(:document) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector, { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }}, projection: { _id: 1 })
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the document with limited fields' do
+          expect(document['field']).to be_nil
+          expect(document['_id']).to_not be_nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when a sort is provided' do
+
+        let(:document) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector, { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }}, sort: { field: 1 })
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the original document' do
+          expect(document['field']).to eq('test1')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when max_time_ms is provided' do
+
+      it 'includes the max_time_ms value in the command' do
+        expect {
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector, { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }}, max_time_ms: 0.1)
+        }.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when no matching document is found' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { field: 'test5' }
+      end
+
+      let(:document) do
+        authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector, { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }})
+      end
+
+      it 'returns nil' do
+        expect(document).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when no matching document is found' do
+
+      context 'when no upsert options are provided' do
+
+        let(:selector) do
+          { field: 'test5' }
+        end
+
+        let(:document) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector, { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }})
+        end
+
+        it 'returns nil' do
+          expect(document).to be_nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when upsert options are provided' do
+
+        let(:selector) do
+          { field: 'test5' }
+        end
+
+        let(:document) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector, { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }}, :upsert => true, :return_document => :after)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the new document' do
+          expect(document['field']).to eq('testing')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the operation fails' do
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector, { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }}, max_time_ms: 0.1)
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an OperationFailure' do
+        expect {
+          result
+        }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collection has a validator' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+
+      around(:each) do |spec|
+        authorized_client[:validating].drop
+        authorized_client[:validating,
+                          :validator => { :a => { '$exists' => true } }].tap do |c|
+          c.create
+        end
+        spec.run
+        collection_with_validator.drop
+      end
+
+      before do
+        collection_with_validator.insert_one({ a: 1 })
+      end
+
+      context 'when the document is valid' do
+
+        let(:result) do
+          collection_with_validator.find_one_and_update(
+            { a: 1 }, { '$inc' => { :a => 1 } }, :return_document => :after)
+        end
+
+        it 'updates successfully' do
+          expect(result['a']).to eq(2)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the document is invalid' do
+
+        context 'when bypass_document_validation is not set' do
+
+          let(:result2) do
+            collection_with_validator.find_one_and_update(
+              { a: 1 }, { '$unset' => { :a => '' } }, :return_document => :after)
+          end
+
+          it 'raises OperationFailure' do
+            expect {
+              result2
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when bypass_document_validation is true' do
+
+          let(:result3) do
+            collection_with_validator.find_one_and_update(
+              { a: 1 }, { '$unset' => { :a => '' } },
+              :bypass_document_validation => true,
+              :return_document => :after)
+          end
+
+          it 'updates successfully' do
+            expect(result3['a']).to be_nil
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when write_concern is provided' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+      require_topology :single
+
+      it 'uses the write concern' do
+        expect {
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector,
+                                                    { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }},
+                                                    write_concern: { w: 2 })
+        }.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the collection has a write concern' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+      require_topology :single
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 2 })
+      end
+
+      it 'uses the write concern' do
+        expect {
+          collection.find_one_and_update(selector,
+                                         { '$set' => { field: 'testing' }},
+                                         write_concern: { w: 2 })
+        }.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when a collation is specified' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector,
+                                                  { '$set' => { other: 'doink' } },
+                                                  options)
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      let(:options) do
+        { collation: { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected supports collations' do
+        min_server_fcv '3.4'
+
+        it 'applies the collation' do
+          expect(result['name']).to eq('bang')
+          expect(authorized_collection.find({ name: 'bang' }, limit: -1).first['other']).to eq('doink')
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected does not support collations' do
+        max_server_version '3.2'
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            result
+          }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when there is no collation specified' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector, { '$set' => { other: 'doink' } })
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      it 'does not apply the collation' do
+        expect(result).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when arrayFilters is provided' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { _id: 0 }
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server supports arrayFilters' do
+        min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+        before do
+          authorized_collection.insert_one(_id: 0, x: [{ y: 1 }, { y: 2 }, { y: 3 }])
+        end
+
+        let(:result) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector,
+                                                    { '$set' => { 'x.$[i].y' => 5 } },
+                                                    options)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a Symbol key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { array_filters: [{ 'i.y' => 3 }] }
+          end
+
+
+          it 'applies the arrayFilters' do
+            expect(result['x']).to eq([{ 'y' => 1 }, { 'y' => 2 }, { 'y' => 3 }])
+            expect(authorized_collection.find(selector).first['x'].last['y']).to eq(5)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'array_filters' => [{ 'i.y' => 3 }] }
+          end
+
+          it 'applies the arrayFilters' do
+            expect(result['x']).to eq([{ 'y' => 1 }, { 'y' => 2 }, { 'y' => 3 }])
+            expect(authorized_collection.find(selector).first['x'].last['y']).to eq(5)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected does not support arrayFilters' do
+        max_server_version '3.4'
+
+        let(:result) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_update(selector,
+                                                    { '$set' => { 'x.$[i].y' => 5 } },
+                                                    options)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a Symbol key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { array_filters: [{ 'i.y' => 3 }] }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedArrayFilters)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'array_filters' => [{ 'i.y' => 3 }] }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedArrayFilters)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when various options passed in' do
+      # w: 2 requires a replica set
+      require_topology :replica_set
+
+      # https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/RUBY-2306
+      min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:events) do
+        subscriber.command_started_events('findAndModify')
+      end
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write_concern: {w: 2})
+      end
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        {field: 'test1'}
+      end
+
+      before do
+        collection.insert_one({field: 'test1'}, session: session)
+      end
+
+      let!(:command) do
+        Utils.get_command_event(authorized_client, 'findAndModify') do |client|
+          collection.find_one_and_update(selector, { '$set' => {field: 'testing'}},
+            :return_document => :after, write_concern: {w: 1}, upsert: true,
+            bypass_document_validation: true, max_time_ms: 100, session: session)
+        end.command
+      end
+
+      it 'find and updates successfully with correct options sent to server' do
+        expect(events.length).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:writeConcern]).to_not be_nil
+        expect(command[:writeConcern][:w]).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:upsert]).to eq(true)
+        expect(command[:bypassDocumentValidation]).to be(true)
+        expect(command[:maxTimeMS]).to eq(100)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#find_one_and_replace' do
+
+    before do
+      authorized_collection.insert_many([{ field: 'test1', other: 'sth' }])
+    end
+
+    let(:selector) do
+      { field: 'test1' }
+    end
+
+    context 'when a matching document is found' do
+
+      context 'when no options are provided' do
+
+        let(:document) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_replace(selector, { field: 'testing' })
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the original document' do
+          expect(document['field']).to eq('test1')
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when a session is provided' do
+
+        let(:operation) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_replace(selector, { field: 'testing' }, session: session)
+        end
+
+        let(:failed_operation) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_replace({ '$._id' => 1}, { field: 'testing' }, session: session)
+        end
+
+        let(:session) do
+          authorized_client.start_session
+        end
+
+        let(:client) do
+          authorized_client
+        end
+
+        it_behaves_like 'an operation using a session'
+        it_behaves_like 'a failed operation using a session'
+      end
+
+      context 'when return_document options are provided' do
+
+        context 'when return_document is :after' do
+
+          let(:document) do
+            authorized_collection.find_one_and_replace(selector, { field: 'testing' }, :return_document => :after)
+          end
+
+          it 'returns the new document' do
+            expect(document['field']).to eq('testing')
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when return_document is :before' do
+
+          let(:document) do
+            authorized_collection.find_one_and_replace(selector, { field: 'testing' }, :return_document => :before)
+          end
+
+          it 'returns the original document' do
+            expect(document['field']).to eq('test1')
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when a projection is provided' do
+
+        let(:document) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_replace(selector, { field: 'testing' }, projection: { _id: 1 })
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the document with limited fields' do
+          expect(document['field']).to be_nil
+          expect(document['_id']).to_not be_nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when a sort is provided' do
+
+        let(:document) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_replace(selector, { field: 'testing' }, :sort => { field: 1 })
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the original document' do
+          expect(document['field']).to eq('test1')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when no matching document is found' do
+
+      context 'when no upsert options are provided' do
+
+        let(:selector) do
+          { field: 'test5' }
+        end
+
+        let(:document) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_replace(selector, { field: 'testing' })
+        end
+
+        it 'returns nil' do
+          expect(document).to be_nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when upsert options are provided' do
+
+        let(:selector) do
+          { field: 'test5' }
+        end
+
+        let(:document) do
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_replace(selector, { field: 'testing' }, :upsert => true, :return_document => :after)
+        end
+
+        it 'returns the new document' do
+          expect(document['field']).to eq('testing')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when max_time_ms is provided' do
+
+      it 'includes the max_time_ms value in the command' do
+        expect {
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_replace(selector, { field: 'testing' }, max_time_ms: 0.1)
+        }.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the operation fails' do
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.find_one_and_replace(selector, { field: 'testing' }, max_time_ms: 0.1)
+      end
+
+      it 'raises an OperationFailure' do
+        expect {
+          result
+        }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collection has a validator' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+
+      around(:each) do |spec|
+        authorized_client[:validating].drop
+        authorized_client[:validating,
+                          :validator => { :a => { '$exists' => true } }].tap do |c|
+          c.create
+        end
+        spec.run
+        collection_with_validator.drop
+      end
+
+      before do
+        collection_with_validator.insert_one({ a: 1 })
+      end
+
+      context 'when the document is valid' do
+
+        let(:result) do
+          collection_with_validator.find_one_and_replace(
+            { a: 1 }, { a: 5 }, :return_document => :after)
+        end
+
+        it 'replaces successfully when document is valid' do
+          expect(result[:a]).to eq(5)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the document is invalid' do
+
+        context 'when bypass_document_validation is not set' do
+
+          let(:result2) do
+            collection_with_validator.find_one_and_replace(
+              { a: 1 }, { x: 5 }, :return_document => :after)
+          end
+
+          it 'raises OperationFailure' do
+            expect {
+              result2
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when bypass_document_validation is true' do
+
+          let(:result3) do
+            collection_with_validator.find_one_and_replace(
+              { a: 1 }, { x: 1 }, :bypass_document_validation => true,
+              :return_document => :after)
+          end
+
+          it 'replaces successfully' do
+            expect(result3[:x]).to eq(1)
+            expect(result3[:a]).to be_nil
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when write_concern is provided' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+      require_topology :single
+
+      it 'uses the write concern' do
+        expect {
+          authorized_collection.find_one_and_replace(selector,
+                                                     { field: 'testing' },
+                                                     write_concern: { w: 2 })
+        }.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the collection has a write concern' do
+      min_server_fcv '3.2'
+      require_topology :single
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write: { w: 2 })
+      end
+
+      it 'uses the write concern' do
+        expect {
+          collection.find_one_and_replace(selector,
+                                          { field: 'testing' },
+                                          write_concern: { w: 2 })
+        }.to raise_error(Mongo::Error::OperationFailure)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collation is provided' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.find_one_and_replace(selector,
+                                                   { name: 'doink' },
+                                                   options)
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      let(:options) do
+        { collation: { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected supports collations' do
+        min_server_fcv '3.4'
+
+        it 'applies the collation' do
+          expect(result['name']).to eq('bang')
+          expect(authorized_collection.find(name: 'doink').count).to eq(1)
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the server selected does not support collations' do
+        max_server_version '3.2'
+
+        it 'raises an exception' do
+          expect {
+            result
+          }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+        end
+
+        context 'when a String key is used' do
+
+          let(:options) do
+            { 'collation' => { locale: 'en_US', strength: 2 } }
+          end
+
+          it 'raises an exception' do
+            expect {
+              result
+            }.to raise_exception(Mongo::Error::UnsupportedCollation)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when collation is not specified' do
+
+      let(:selector) do
+        { name: 'BANG' }
+      end
+
+      let(:result) do
+        authorized_collection.find_one_and_replace(selector, { name: 'doink' })
+      end
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one(name: 'bang')
+      end
+
+      it 'does not apply the collation' do
+        expect(result).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when various options passed in' do
+      # https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/RUBY-2306
+      min_server_fcv '3.6'
+
+      before do
+        authorized_collection.insert_one({field: 'test1'})
+      end
+
+      let(:session) do
+        authorized_client.start_session
+      end
+
+      let(:events) do
+        subscriber.command_started_events('findAndModify')
+      end
+
+      let(:collection) do
+        authorized_collection.with(write_concern: { w: 2 })
+      end
+
+      let!(:command) do
+        Utils.get_command_event(authorized_client, 'findAndModify') do |client|
+          collection.find_one_and_replace(selector, { '$set' => {field: 'test5'}},
+            :return_document => :after, write_concern: {w: 1}, session: session,
+            upsert: true, bypass_document_validation: false, max_time_ms: 200)
+        end.command
+      end
+
+      it 'find and replaces successfully with correct options sent to server' do
+        expect(events.length).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:writeConcern]).to_not be_nil
+        expect(command[:writeConcern][:w]).to eq(1)
+        expect(command[:upsert]).to be(true)
+        expect(command[:bypassDocumentValidation]).to be false
+        expect(command[:maxTimeMS]).to eq(200)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end