moby 1.0.5 → 1.0.6
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- data/README.md +28 -4
- data/lib/moby.rb +2 -1
- data/lib/moby/hyphenator.rb +24 -0
- data/lib/moby/version.rb +1 -1
- data/share/moby/hyphenation/aaREADME.txt +356 -0
- data/share/moby/hyphenation/mhyph.UTF-8.txt +187175 -0
- data/share/moby/hyphenation/mhyph.txt +187175 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/ACRONYMS.TXT +6213 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/COMMON.TXT +74550 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/COMPOUND.TXT +256772 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/CROSSWD.TXT +113809 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/CRSWD-D.TXT +4160 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/FICTION.TXT +467 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/FREQ-INT.TXT +1002 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/FREQ.TXT +1003 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/KJVFREQ.TXT +1185 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/NAMES-F.TXT +4946 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/NAMES-M.TXT +3897 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/NAMES.TXT +21986 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/OFTENMIS.TXT +366 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/PLACES.TXT +10196 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/SINGLE.TXT +354984 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/USACONST.TXT +832 -0
- data/share/moby/word-lists/aaREADME.txt +413 -0
- data/spec/moby/hyphenator_spec.rb +47 -0
- data/spec/moby/parts_of_speech_spec.rb +0 -1
- data/spec/spec_helper.rb +1 -0
- metadata +26 -4
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We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union,
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establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common
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defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty
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to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution
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for the United States of America.
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Article I
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Section 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a
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Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of
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Representatives.
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Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen
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every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in
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each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most
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numerous Branch of the State Legislature.
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No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age
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of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States,
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and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he
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shall be chosen.
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Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several
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States which may be included within this Union, according to their
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respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number
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of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and
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excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual
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Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the
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Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten
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Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of
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Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each
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State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration
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shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three,
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Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one,
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Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight,
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Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South
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Carolina five, and Georgia three.
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When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, The Executive
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Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies. The
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House of Representatives shall chuse their speaker and other Officers; and
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shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.
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Section 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two
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Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years;
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and each Senator shall have one Vote.
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Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first
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Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes.
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The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the
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Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the
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fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so
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that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by
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Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any
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State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next
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Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.
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No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of
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thirty years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who
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shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall
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be chosen. The Vice President of the United States shall be President of
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the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.
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The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro
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tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise
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the Office of President of the United States.
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The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting
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for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath of Affirmation. When the President
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of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no
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Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the
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Members present. Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further
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than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any
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Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party
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convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial,
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Judgment and Punishment, according to law.
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Section 4. The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators
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and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature
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thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such
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Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.
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The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting
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shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint
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a different Day.
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Section 5. Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and
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Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute
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a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day,
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and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such
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Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide. Each House may
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determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly
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Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. Each
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House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time
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publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require
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Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any
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question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on
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the Journal. Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without
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the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any
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other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.
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Section 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation
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for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury
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of the United States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and
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Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at
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the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from
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the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be
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questioned in any other Place.
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No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was
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elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United
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States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have
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been encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the
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United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in
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Office.
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Section 7. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of
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Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on
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other Bills.
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Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the
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Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the
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United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return
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it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated,
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who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to
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reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall
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agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to
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the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if
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approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all
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such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and Nays,
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and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the bill shall be
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entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be
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returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall
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have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if
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he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its
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Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law. Every Order, Resolution, or
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Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives
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may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented
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to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take
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Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be
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repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives,
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according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
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Section 8. The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties,
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Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence
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and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and
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Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
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To Borrow Money on the Credit of the United States;
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To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States,
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and with the Indian Tribes;
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To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the
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subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;
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To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the
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Standard of Weights and Measures;
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To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current
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Coin of the United States;
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To establish Post Offices and post Roads;
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To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited
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Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective
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Writings and Discoveries;
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To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; To define and punish
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Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the
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Law of Nations;
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To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules
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concerning Captures on Land and Water;
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To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use
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shall be for a longer Term than two Years;
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To provide and maintain a navy;
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To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval
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Forces; To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the
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Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;
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To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for
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governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United
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States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the
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Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the
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discipline prescribed by Congress;
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To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such
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District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular
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States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government
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of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places
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purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same
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shall be for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and
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other needful Buildings;�And To make all Laws which shall be necessary and
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proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other
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Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States,
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or in any Department or Officer thereof.
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Section 9. The Migration or Importion of such Persons as any of the States
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now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the
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Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax
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or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for
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each Person. The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be
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suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety
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may require it.
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No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.
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No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to
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the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.
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No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.
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No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to
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the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to,
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or form, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.
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No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of
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Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the
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Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time
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to time.
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No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person
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holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the
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Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or
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Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.
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Section 10. No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or
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Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills
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of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of
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Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the
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Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.
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No State Shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or
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Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for
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executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and
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Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of
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the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to
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the Revision and Controul of the Congress.
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No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any Duty of
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Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any
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Agreement of Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage
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in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not
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admit of delay.
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Article II
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Section I. The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United
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States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years,
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and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same term, be
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elected, as follows:
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Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may
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direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and
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Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no
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Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit
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under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.
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The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for
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two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same
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State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted
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for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and
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certify and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United
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States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the
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Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives,
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open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person
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having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number
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be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be
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more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes,
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then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of
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them for President: and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five
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highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the
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President. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by
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States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for
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this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the
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States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In
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every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the
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greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But
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if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall
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chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President.
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The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on
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which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout
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the United States.
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No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States,
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at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the
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Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office
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who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been
|
293
|
+
fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.
|
294
|
+
|
295
|
+
In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death,
|
296
|
+
Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said
|
297
|
+
Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may
|
298
|
+
by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability,
|
299
|
+
both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then
|
300
|
+
act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the
|
301
|
+
Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.
|
302
|
+
|
303
|
+
The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a
|
304
|
+
Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the
|
305
|
+
Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive
|
306
|
+
within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of
|
307
|
+
them.
|
308
|
+
|
309
|
+
Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following
|
310
|
+
Oath or Affirmation:�-"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will
|
311
|
+
faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will
|
312
|
+
to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of
|
313
|
+
the United States."
|
314
|
+
|
315
|
+
Section 2. The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy
|
316
|
+
of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called
|
317
|
+
into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion,
|
318
|
+
in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments,
|
319
|
+
upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he
|
320
|
+
shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the
|
321
|
+
United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. He shall have Power, by and
|
322
|
+
with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two
|
323
|
+
thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and
|
324
|
+
with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other
|
325
|
+
public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other
|
326
|
+
Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise
|
327
|
+
provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may
|
328
|
+
by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think
|
329
|
+
proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of
|
330
|
+
Departments.
|
331
|
+
|
332
|
+
The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen
|
333
|
+
during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire
|
334
|
+
at the End of their Next Session.
|
335
|
+
|
336
|
+
Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of
|
337
|
+
the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures
|
338
|
+
as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary
|
339
|
+
Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of
|
340
|
+
Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may
|
341
|
+
adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive
|
342
|
+
Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be
|
343
|
+
faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United
|
344
|
+
States.
|
345
|
+
|
346
|
+
Section 4. The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the
|
347
|
+
United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and
|
348
|
+
Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors.
|
349
|
+
|
350
|
+
Article III
|
351
|
+
|
352
|
+
Section 1. The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one
|
353
|
+
supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to
|
354
|
+
time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior
|
355
|
+
Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at
|
356
|
+
stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not
|
357
|
+
be diminished during their continuance in Office.
|
358
|
+
|
359
|
+
Section 2. The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and
|
360
|
+
Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and
|
361
|
+
Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;�to all Cases
|
362
|
+
affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;�to all Cases of
|
363
|
+
admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;�to Controversies to which the United
|
364
|
+
States shall be a Party;�to Controversies between two or more States;
|
365
|
+
between a State and Citizens of another State;�between Citizens of
|
366
|
+
different States;�between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under
|
367
|
+
Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof,
|
368
|
+
and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.
|
369
|
+
|
370
|
+
In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and
|
371
|
+
those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have
|
372
|
+
original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme
|
373
|
+
Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such
|
374
|
+
Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.
|
375
|
+
|
376
|
+
The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury;
|
377
|
+
and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have
|
378
|
+
been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be
|
379
|
+
at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.
|
380
|
+
|
381
|
+
Section 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying
|
382
|
+
War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and
|
383
|
+
Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of
|
384
|
+
two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. The
|
385
|
+
Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no
|
386
|
+
Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except
|
387
|
+
during the Life of the Person attainted.
|
388
|
+
|
389
|
+
Article IV
|
390
|
+
|
391
|
+
Section 1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public
|
392
|
+
Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the
|
393
|
+
Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts,
|
394
|
+
Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.
|
395
|
+
|
396
|
+
Section 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges
|
397
|
+
and immunities of Citizens in the several States. A Person charged in any
|
398
|
+
State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice,
|
399
|
+
and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority
|
400
|
+
of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the
|
401
|
+
State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. No Person held to Service or Labour
|
402
|
+
in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in
|
403
|
+
Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such
|
404
|
+
Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom
|
405
|
+
such Service or Labour may be due.
|
406
|
+
|
407
|
+
Section 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but
|
408
|
+
no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any
|
409
|
+
other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States,
|
410
|
+
or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States
|
411
|
+
concerned as well as of the Congress.
|
412
|
+
|
413
|
+
The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and
|
414
|
+
Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the
|
415
|
+
United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be construed as to
|
416
|
+
Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.
|
417
|
+
|
418
|
+
Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a
|
419
|
+
Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against
|
420
|
+
Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when
|
421
|
+
the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.
|
422
|
+
|
423
|
+
Article V
|
424
|
+
|
425
|
+
The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary,
|
426
|
+
shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of
|
427
|
+
the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a
|
428
|
+
Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid
|
429
|
+
to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by
|
430
|
+
the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions
|
431
|
+
in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may
|
432
|
+
be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made
|
433
|
+
prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner
|
434
|
+
affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first
|
435
|
+
Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its
|
436
|
+
equal Suffrage in the Senate.
|
437
|
+
|
438
|
+
Article VI
|
439
|
+
|
440
|
+
All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of
|
441
|
+
this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this
|
442
|
+
Constitution, as under the Confederation.
|
443
|
+
|
444
|
+
This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in
|
445
|
+
Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the
|
446
|
+
Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and
|
447
|
+
the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the
|
448
|
+
Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.
|
449
|
+
|
450
|
+
The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the
|
451
|
+
several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both
|
452
|
+
of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or
|
453
|
+
Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever
|
454
|
+
be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the
|
455
|
+
United States.
|
456
|
+
|
457
|
+
Article VII
|
458
|
+
|
459
|
+
The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for
|
460
|
+
the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the
|
461
|
+
Same. DONE in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the
|
462
|
+
Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven
|
463
|
+
hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of
|
464
|
+
America the Twelfth IN WITNESS whereof We have hereunto subscribed our
|
465
|
+
Names.
|
466
|
+
|
467
|
+
Signed:
|
468
|
+
-George Washington-President and deputy from Virginia
|
469
|
+
|
470
|
+
Amendments to the Constitution of the United States
|
471
|
+
|
472
|
+
(The first 10 Amendments were ratified December 15, 1791, and are known as
|
473
|
+
the "Bill of Rights")
|
474
|
+
|
475
|
+
Amendment 1
|
476
|
+
|
477
|
+
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or
|
478
|
+
prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech,
|
479
|
+
or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to
|
480
|
+
petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
|
481
|
+
|
482
|
+
Amendment 2
|
483
|
+
|
484
|
+
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State,
|
485
|
+
the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
|
486
|
+
|
487
|
+
Amendment 3
|
488
|
+
|
489
|
+
No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the
|
490
|
+
consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed
|
491
|
+
by law.
|
492
|
+
|
493
|
+
Amendment 4
|
494
|
+
|
495
|
+
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and
|
496
|
+
effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated,
|
497
|
+
and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or
|
498
|
+
affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the
|
499
|
+
persons or things to be seized.
|
500
|
+
|
501
|
+
Amendment 5
|
502
|
+
|
503
|
+
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous
|
504
|
+
crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in
|
505
|
+
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in
|
506
|
+
actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be
|
507
|
+
subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb;
|
508
|
+
nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against
|
509
|
+
himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process
|
510
|
+
of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just
|
511
|
+
compensation.
|
512
|
+
|
513
|
+
Amendment 6
|
514
|
+
|
515
|
+
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy
|
516
|
+
and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein
|
517
|
+
the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been
|
518
|
+
previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause
|
519
|
+
of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have
|
520
|
+
compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the
|
521
|
+
Assistance of Counsel for his defence.
|
522
|
+
|
523
|
+
Amendment 7
|
524
|
+
|
525
|
+
In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty
|
526
|
+
dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried
|
527
|
+
by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States,
|
528
|
+
than according to the rules of the common law.
|
529
|
+
|
530
|
+
Amendment 8
|
531
|
+
|
532
|
+
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor
|
533
|
+
cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
|
534
|
+
|
535
|
+
Amendment 9 The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall
|
536
|
+
not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
|
537
|
+
Amendment 10 The powers not delegated to the United States by the
|
538
|
+
Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the
|
539
|
+
States respectively, or to the people.
|
540
|
+
|
541
|
+
Amendment 11 (Ratified February 7, 1795) The Judicial power of the United
|
542
|
+
States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity,
|
543
|
+
commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of
|
544
|
+
another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.
|
545
|
+
|
546
|
+
Amendment 12 (Ratified July 27, 1804)
|
547
|
+
|
548
|
+
The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for
|
549
|
+
President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an
|
550
|
+
inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their
|
551
|
+
ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the
|
552
|
+
person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of
|
553
|
+
all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as
|
554
|
+
Vice-Presidents, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they
|
555
|
+
shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government
|
556
|
+
of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;�The
|
557
|
+
President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of
|
558
|
+
Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be
|
559
|
+
counted;�The person having the greatest number of votes for President,
|
560
|
+
shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of
|
561
|
+
Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the
|
562
|
+
persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those
|
563
|
+
voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose
|
564
|
+
immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the
|
565
|
+
votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having
|
566
|
+
one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members
|
567
|
+
from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be
|
568
|
+
necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose
|
569
|
+
a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before
|
570
|
+
the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act
|
571
|
+
as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional
|
572
|
+
disability of the President.�The person having the greatest number of
|
573
|
+
votes as Vice-President, shall be Vice-President, if such number be a
|
574
|
+
majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a
|
575
|
+
majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall
|
576
|
+
choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of
|
577
|
+
two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole
|
578
|
+
number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally
|
579
|
+
ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of
|
580
|
+
Vice-President of the United States.
|
581
|
+
|
582
|
+
Amendment 13 (Ratified December 6, 1895)
|
583
|
+
|
584
|
+
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a
|
585
|
+
punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted,
|
586
|
+
shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their
|
587
|
+
jurisdiction.
|
588
|
+
|
589
|
+
Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate
|
590
|
+
legislation.
|
591
|
+
|
592
|
+
Amendment 14 (Ratified July 9, 1868)
|
593
|
+
|
594
|
+
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and
|
595
|
+
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and
|
596
|
+
of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law
|
597
|
+
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United
|
598
|
+
States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or
|
599
|
+
property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its
|
600
|
+
jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
|
601
|
+
|
602
|
+
Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States
|
603
|
+
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons
|
604
|
+
in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at
|
605
|
+
any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of
|
606
|
+
the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial
|
607
|
+
officers of a State, or the Members of the Legislature thereof, is denied
|
608
|
+
to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of
|
609
|
+
age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for
|
610
|
+
participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation
|
611
|
+
therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male
|
612
|
+
citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years
|
613
|
+
of age in such State.
|
614
|
+
|
615
|
+
Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or
|
616
|
+
elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or
|
617
|
+
military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having
|
618
|
+
previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the
|
619
|
+
United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive
|
620
|
+
or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United
|
621
|
+
States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same,
|
622
|
+
or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But congress may by a vote
|
623
|
+
of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.
|
624
|
+
|
625
|
+
Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized
|
626
|
+
by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for
|
627
|
+
services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned.
|
628
|
+
But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or
|
629
|
+
obligation incurred in aid of insurrection of rebellion against the United
|
630
|
+
States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all
|
631
|
+
such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.
|
632
|
+
|
633
|
+
Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate
|
634
|
+
legislation, the provisions of this article.
|
635
|
+
|
636
|
+
Amendment 15 (Ratified February 3, 1870)
|
637
|
+
|
638
|
+
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be
|
639
|
+
denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race,
|
640
|
+
color, or previous condition of servitude. Section 2. The Congress shall
|
641
|
+
have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
|
642
|
+
|
643
|
+
Amendment 16 (Ratified February 3, 1913)
|
644
|
+
|
645
|
+
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from
|
646
|
+
whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States,
|
647
|
+
and without regard to any census or enumeration.
|
648
|
+
|
649
|
+
Amendment 17 (Ratified April 8, 1913)
|
650
|
+
|
651
|
+
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each
|
652
|
+
State, elected by the people thereof for six years; and each Senator shall
|
653
|
+
have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications
|
654
|
+
requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State
|
655
|
+
legislatures. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in
|
656
|
+
the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of
|
657
|
+
election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any
|
658
|
+
State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments
|
659
|
+
until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may
|
660
|
+
direct. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election
|
661
|
+
or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the
|
662
|
+
Constitution.
|
663
|
+
|
664
|
+
Amendment 18 (Ratified January 16, 1919)
|
665
|
+
|
666
|
+
Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article that
|
667
|
+
manufacture, sale, or transprotation of intoxicating liquors within, the
|
668
|
+
importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States
|
669
|
+
and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes
|
670
|
+
is hereby prohibited.
|
671
|
+
|
672
|
+
Section 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power
|
673
|
+
to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
|
674
|
+
|
675
|
+
Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been
|
676
|
+
ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the
|
677
|
+
several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from
|
678
|
+
the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
|
679
|
+
|
680
|
+
Amendment 19 (Ratified August 18, 1920)
|
681
|
+
|
682
|
+
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or
|
683
|
+
abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress
|
684
|
+
shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
|
685
|
+
|
686
|
+
Amendment 20 (Ratified January 23, 1933)
|
687
|
+
|
688
|
+
Section 1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon
|
689
|
+
on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives
|
690
|
+
at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would
|
691
|
+
have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their
|
692
|
+
successors shall then begin.
|
693
|
+
|
694
|
+
Section 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and
|
695
|
+
such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they
|
696
|
+
shall by law appoint a different day.
|
697
|
+
|
698
|
+
Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the
|
699
|
+
President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect
|
700
|
+
shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before
|
701
|
+
the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect
|
702
|
+
shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as
|
703
|
+
President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by
|
704
|
+
law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice
|
705
|
+
President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as
|
706
|
+
President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and
|
707
|
+
such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall
|
708
|
+
have qualified.
|
709
|
+
|
710
|
+
Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any
|
711
|
+
of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a
|
712
|
+
President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and
|
713
|
+
for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may
|
714
|
+
choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved
|
715
|
+
upon them.
|
716
|
+
|
717
|
+
Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October
|
718
|
+
following the ratification of this article.
|
719
|
+
|
720
|
+
Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been
|
721
|
+
ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of
|
722
|
+
three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its
|
723
|
+
submission.
|
724
|
+
|
725
|
+
Amendment 21 (Ratified December 5, 1933)
|
726
|
+
|
727
|
+
Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the
|
728
|
+
United States is hereby repealed.
|
729
|
+
|
730
|
+
Section 2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or
|
731
|
+
possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating
|
732
|
+
liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.
|
733
|
+
|
734
|
+
Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been
|
735
|
+
ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several
|
736
|
+
States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date
|
737
|
+
of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
|
738
|
+
|
739
|
+
Amendment 22 (Ratified February 27, 1951)
|
740
|
+
|
741
|
+
Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more
|
742
|
+
than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as
|
743
|
+
President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was
|
744
|
+
elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than
|
745
|
+
once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of
|
746
|
+
President when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not
|
747
|
+
prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as
|
748
|
+
President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from
|
749
|
+
holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder
|
750
|
+
of such term.
|
751
|
+
|
752
|
+
Section 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been
|
753
|
+
ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of
|
754
|
+
three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its
|
755
|
+
submission to the States by the Congress.
|
756
|
+
|
757
|
+
Amendment 23 (Ratified March 29, 1961)
|
758
|
+
|
759
|
+
Section 1. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United
|
760
|
+
States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct: A number of
|
761
|
+
electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of
|
762
|
+
Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be
|
763
|
+
entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous
|
764
|
+
State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they
|
765
|
+
shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice
|
766
|
+
President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the
|
767
|
+
District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of
|
768
|
+
amendment.
|
769
|
+
|
770
|
+
Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
|
771
|
+
appropriate legislation.
|
772
|
+
|
773
|
+
Amendment 24 (Ratified January 23, 1964)
|
774
|
+
|
775
|
+
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any
|
776
|
+
primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for
|
777
|
+
President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress,
|
778
|
+
shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason
|
779
|
+
of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
|
780
|
+
|
781
|
+
Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
|
782
|
+
appropriate legislation.
|
783
|
+
|
784
|
+
Amendment 25 (Ratified February 10, 1967)
|
785
|
+
|
786
|
+
Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or his death
|
787
|
+
orresignation, the Vice President shall become President.
|
788
|
+
|
789
|
+
Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President,
|
790
|
+
the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take the office
|
791
|
+
upon confirmation by a majority vote of both houses of Congress.
|
792
|
+
|
793
|
+
Section 3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of
|
794
|
+
the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written
|
795
|
+
declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his
|
796
|
+
office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the
|
797
|
+
contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President
|
798
|
+
as Acting President.
|
799
|
+
|
800
|
+
Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the
|
801
|
+
principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as
|
802
|
+
Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the
|
803
|
+
Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written
|
804
|
+
declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties
|
805
|
+
of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and
|
806
|
+
duties of the office as Acting President.
|
807
|
+
|
808
|
+
Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of
|
809
|
+
the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written
|
810
|
+
declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties
|
811
|
+
of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the
|
812
|
+
principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as
|
813
|
+
Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro
|
814
|
+
tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their
|
815
|
+
written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers
|
816
|
+
and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue,
|
817
|
+
assembling within 48 hours for that purpose if not in session. If the
|
818
|
+
Congress, within 21 days after receipt of the latter written declaration,
|
819
|
+
or, if Congress is not in session, within 21 days after Congress is
|
820
|
+
required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both houses that the
|
821
|
+
President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the
|
822
|
+
Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President;
|
823
|
+
otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.
|
824
|
+
|
825
|
+
Amendment 26 (Ratified June 30, 1971)
|
826
|
+
|
827
|
+
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen
|
828
|
+
years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the
|
829
|
+
United States or by any State on account of age.
|
830
|
+
|
831
|
+
Section 2. The congress shall have power to enforce this article by
|
832
|
+
appropriate legislation.
|