minicrest 1.0.19 → 1.0.20

data/USAGE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,670 @@
+# Usage
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [Basic Usage](#basic-usage)
+- [Core Matchers](#core-matchers)
+  - [Value Equality](#value-equality)
+  - [Reference Equality](#reference-equality)
+  - [Negation](#negation)
+  - [Placeholder Matching](#placeholder-matching)
+- [Type and Method Matchers](#type-and-method-matchers)
+- [Value Matchers](#value-matchers)
+- [String Matchers](#string-matchers)
+- [Size and Emptiness Matchers](#size-and-emptiness-matchers)
+- [Numeric Comparison Matchers](#numeric-comparison-matchers)
+- [Collection Content Matchers](#collection-content-matchers)
+- [Collection Item Matchers](#collection-item-matchers)
+- [Membership Matcher](#membership-matcher)
+- [Object Attribute Matcher](#object-attribute-matcher)
+- [Error Assertions](#error-assertions)
+- [Combining Matchers](#combining-matchers)
+  - [Collection Combinators](#collection-combinators)
+- [Custom Matchers](#custom-matchers)
+  - [Parameterized Matchers](#parameterized-matchers)
+  - [Custom Matchers with Combinators](#custom-matchers-with-combinators)
+- [Failure Messages](#failure-messages)
+- [API Reference](#api-reference)
+
+## Basic Usage
+
+Include `Minicrest::Assertions` in your test class:
+
+```ruby
+require 'minicrest'
+
+class MyTest < Minitest::Test
+  include Minicrest::Assertions
+
+  def test_basic_equality
+    assert_that(42).equals(42)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Core Matchers
+
+### Value Equality
+
+```ruby
+# Simple values
+assert_that("hello").equals("hello")
+
+# Arrays with deep comparison
+assert_that([1, [2, 3]]).equals([1, [2, 3]])
+
+# Hashes with deep comparison
+assert_that({ user: { name: "Alice" } }).equals({ user: { name: "Alice" } })
+```
+
+### Reference Equality
+
+Test that two variables point to the same object:
+
+```ruby
+obj = Object.new
+assert_that(obj).is(obj)
+```
+
+### Negation
+
+```ruby
+assert_that(42).never(equals(0))
+assert_that(nil).never(equals(false))
+
+# Aliases for more natural flow
+assert_that(42).is_not(0)
+assert_that("hello").does_not(start_with("bye"))
+```
+
+### Placeholder Matching
+
+Use `anything` when you don't care about a particular value:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that(some_value).is(anything)
+```
+
+Use `truthy` or `falsy` to match any truthy or falsy value in Ruby:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that(some_value).is(truthy)
+assert_that(some_value).is(anything)
+```
+
+## Type and Method Matchers
+
+### `is_a(type)` / `descends_from(type)`
+
+Matches if the value is an instance of the expected type (including inheritance):
+
+```ruby
+assert_that("hello").matches(is_a(String))
+assert_that(42).matches(descends_from(Integer))
+assert_that([]).matches(is_a(Enumerable)) # works with modules
+```
+
+### `instance_of(type)`
+
+Matches if the value is an exact instance of the expected class (no inheritance):
+
+```ruby
+assert_that("hello").matches(instance_of(String))
+assert_that(42).never(instance_of(Numeric)) # Integer is a Numeric, but not exactly InstanceOf Numeric
+```
+
+### `responds_to(*methods)`
+
+Matches if the value responds to all specified methods:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that("hello").matches(responds_to(:upcase))
+assert_that([]).matches(responds_to(:push, :pop))
+```
+
+## Value Matchers
+
+### `nil_value`
+
+Matches if the value is `nil`:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that(nil).matches(nil_value)
+assert_that(42).never(nil_value)
+```
+
+### `truthy`
+
+Matches if the value is considered true (anything except `nil` or `false`):
+
+```ruby
+assert_that(true).matches(truthy)
+assert_that(42).matches(truthy)
+assert_that("hello").matches(truthy)
+```
+
+### `falsy`
+
+Matches if the value is considered false (`nil` or `false`):
+
+```ruby
+assert_that(false).matches(falsy)
+assert_that(nil).matches(falsy)
+```
+
+## String Matchers
+
+### `starts_with(prefix)`
+
+```ruby
+assert_that("hello world").matches(starts_with("hello"))
+```
+
+### `ends_with(suffix)`
+
+```ruby
+assert_that("hello world").matches(ends_with("world"))
+```
+
+### `matches_pattern(regex)`
+
+```ruby
+assert_that("hello123").matches(matches_pattern(/\d+/))
+assert_that("test@example.com").matches(matches_pattern(/\A[\w.]+@[\w.]+\z/))
+```
+
+### `blank`
+
+Matches empty or whitespace-only strings:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that("").matches(blank)
+assert_that("   ").matches(blank)
+assert_that("\t\n").matches(blank)
+```
+
+## Size and Emptiness Matchers
+
+### `empty`
+
+Matches empty strings, arrays, or hashes:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that("").matches(empty)
+assert_that([]).matches(empty)
+assert_that({}).matches(empty)
+```
+
+### `has_size(expected)`
+
+Matches values with a specific size:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that("hello").matches(has_size(5))
+assert_that([1, 2, 3]).matches(has_size(3))
+assert_that({ a: 1, b: 2 }).matches(has_size(2))
+
+# Can use matchers for flexible size checks
+assert_that([1, 2, 3]).matches(has_size(is_greater_than(2)))
+```
+
+## Numeric Comparison Matchers
+
+### `is_greater_than(expected)`
+
+```ruby
+assert_that(5).matches(is_greater_than(3))
+```
+
+### `is_greater_than_or_equal_to(expected)`
+
+```ruby
+assert_that(5).matches(is_greater_than_or_equal_to(5))
+assert_that(6).matches(is_greater_than_or_equal_to(5))
+```
+
+### `is_less_than(expected)`
+
+```ruby
+assert_that(3).matches(is_less_than(5))
+```
+
+### `is_less_than_or_equal_to(expected)`
+
+```ruby
+assert_that(5).matches(is_less_than_or_equal_to(5))
+assert_that(4).matches(is_less_than_or_equal_to(5))
+```
+
+### `between(min, max, exclusive: false)`
+
+Matches if the value is within the range:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that(5).matches(between(1, 10))
+assert_that(10).never(between(1, 10, exclusive: true))
+```
+
+### `is_close_to(expected, delta)`
+
+Floating-point equality with tolerance:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that(3.14159).matches(is_close_to(3.14, 0.01))
+assert_that(10.0).matches(is_close_to(10.5, 0.5))
+```
+
+## Collection Content Matchers
+
+### `includes(*items)`
+
+Matches if the value contains all specified items:
+
+```ruby
+# Strings: contains substrings
+assert_that("hello world").matches(includes("hello", "world"))
+
+# Arrays: contains elements
+assert_that([1, 2, 3, 4]).matches(includes(2, 4))
+
+# Hashes: contains key-value pairs
+assert_that({ a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }).matches(includes(a: 1, c: 3))
+```
+
+### `has_key(*keys)`
+
+Matches if the hash contains all specified keys:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that({ a: 1, b: 2 }).matches(has_key(:a))
+assert_that({ a: 1, b: 2 }).matches(has_key(:a, :b))
+```
+
+### `has_value(*values)`
+
+Matches if the hash contains all specified values:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that({ a: 1, b: 2 }).matches(has_value(1))
+assert_that({ a: 1, b: 2 }).matches(has_value(1, 2))
+```
+
+### `contains(*items)`
+
+Matches if the collection contains exactly the specified items in any order:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that([3, 1, 2]).matches(contains(1, 2, 3))
+assert_that({ b: 2, a: 1 }).matches(contains(a: 1, b: 2))
+```
+
+### `contains_exactly(*items)`
+
+Matches if the array contains exactly the specified items in order:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that([1, 2, 3]).matches(contains_exactly(1, 2, 3))
+```
+
+## Collection Item Matchers
+
+### `all_items(matcher)`
+
+Matches if all items in the collection match:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that([2, 4, 6]).matches(all_items(descends_from(Integer)))
+assert_that([2, 4, 6]).matches(all_items(is_greater_than(0)))
+```
+
+### `some_items(matcher)`
+
+Matches if at least one item matches:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that([1, "two", 3]).matches(some_items(descends_from(String)))
+```
+
+### `no_items(matcher)`
+
+Matches if no items match:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that([1, 2, 3]).matches(no_items(descends_from(String)))
+```
+
+### `all_entries(matcher)` / `some_entry(matcher)` / `no_entry(matcher)`
+
+Similar to item matchers, but specifically for hash entries (key-value pairs):
+
+```ruby
+# all_entries expects a matcher that works with [key, value] arrays
+assert_that({ a: 1, b: 2 }).matches(all_entries(includes(:a, :b) | includes(1, 2)))
+
+# You can also use a Proc for more complex entry matching
+assert_that({ a: 1, b: 2 }).matches(some_entry(->(entry) { entry[1] > 1 }))
+```
+
+## Membership Matcher
+
+### `is_in(collection)`
+
+Matches if the value is present in the collection:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that(2).matches(is_in([1, 2, 3]))
+assert_that(:a).matches(is_in({ a: 1, b: 2 }))  # checks keys
+assert_that("el").matches(is_in("hello"))       # substring
+assert_that(5).matches(is_in(1..10))            # ranges
+```
+
+## Object Attribute Matcher
+
+### `has_attribute(name, matcher = nil)`
+
+Matches if the object has the attribute, optionally checking its value:
+
+```ruby
+User = Struct.new(:name, :age)
+
+user = User.new("Alice", 30)
+
+assert_that(user).matches(has_attribute(:name))
+assert_that(user).matches(has_attribute(:name, equals("Alice")))
+assert_that(user).matches(has_attribute(:age, is_greater_than(18)))
+
+# Also works with hashes
+assert_that({ name: "Bob" }).matches(has_attribute(:name, equals("Bob")))
+```
+
+## Error Assertions
+
+### `raises_error`
+
+Assert that a block raises an error:
+
+```ruby
+# Any error
+assert_that { raise "boom" }.raises_error
+
+# Specific error class
+assert_that { raise ArgumentError, "bad" }.raises_error(ArgumentError)
+
+# Error class with message matcher
+assert_that { raise ArgumentError, "bad input" }.raises_error(ArgumentError, includes("bad"))
+assert_that { raise ArgumentError, "code: 123" }.raises_error(ArgumentError, matches_pattern(/\d+/))
+```
+
+### `raises_nothing`
+
+Assert that a block does not raise:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that { safe_operation }.raises_nothing
+```
+
+## Combining Matchers
+
+Use `|` for OR and `&` for AND:
+
+```ruby
+# Either/or
+assert_that(status).matches(equals(:success) | equals(:pending))
+
+# Both conditions
+assert_that(value).matches(is_greater_than(0) & is_less_than(100))
+
+# Complex combinations
+assert_that(result).matches(
+  (equals(1) | equals(2)) & never(equals(nil))
+)
+```
+
+### Collection Combinators
+
+```ruby
+# All matchers must pass
+assert_that(5).matches(all_of(is_greater_than(0), is_less_than(10)))
+
+# No matchers should pass
+assert_that(10).matches(none_of(equals(5), equals(6)))
+
+# At least one matcher must pass
+assert_that(5).matches(some_of(equals(5), equals(999)))
+```
+
+## Custom Matchers
+
+Create your own matchers by subclassing `Minicrest::Matcher`:
+
+```ruby
+class BePositive < Minicrest::Matcher
+  def matches?(actual)
+    actual.is_a?(Numeric) && actual > 0
+  end
+
+  def description
+    "be positive"
+  end
+
+  def failure_message(actual)
+    "expected #{actual.inspect} to be a positive number"
+  end
+end
+
+# Register the matcher
+Minicrest.register_matcher(:be_positive) { BePositive.new }
+
+# Use in tests
+assert_that(5).matches(be_positive)
+```
+
+### Parameterized Matchers
+
+Matchers can accept arguments:
+
+```ruby
+class BeDivisibleBy < Minicrest::Matcher
+  def initialize(divisor)
+    super()
+    @divisor = divisor
+  end
+
+  def matches?(actual)
+    actual % @divisor == 0
+  end
+
+  def description
+    "be divisible by #{@divisor}"
+  end
+end
+
+Minicrest.register_matcher(:be_divisible_by) { |n| BeDivisibleBy.new(n) }
+
+# Use in tests
+assert_that(10).matches(be_divisible_by(5))
+```
+
+### Custom Matchers with Combinators
+
+Registered matchers automatically work with all combinators:
+
+```ruby
+# With AND/OR operators
+assert_that(10).matches(be_divisible_by(5) & be_divisible_by(2))
+assert_that(10).matches(be_divisible_by(3) | be_divisible_by(5))
+
+# With never()
+assert_that(7).never(be_divisible_by(2))
+
+# With all_of, some_of, none_of
+assert_that(10).matches(all_of(be_positive, be_divisible_by(5)))
+```
+
+## Failure Messages
+
+Minicrest provides detailed failure messages with diffs:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that({ name: "Bob" }).equals({ name: "Alice" })
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+expected {:name=>"Bob"}
+      to equal {:name=>"Alice"}
+
+Diff:
+  key :name:
+    expected: "Alice"
+    actual:   "Bob"
+```
+
+Array diffs show the index:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that([1, 2, 4]).equals([1, 2, 3])
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+expected [1, 2, 4]
+      to equal [1, 2, 3]
+
+Diff:
+  [2]:
+    expected: 3
+    actual:   4
+```
+
+String diffs show the first difference:
+
+```ruby
+assert_that("hello").equals("hallo")
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+expected "hello"
+      to equal "hallo"
+
+Diff:
+  at index 1:
+    expected: "a"
+    actual:   "e"
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+### Assertions Module - Core
+
+| Method | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `assert_that(actual, message = nil)` | Entry point for value assertions |
+| `assert_that { block }` | Entry point for block assertions |
+| `equals(expected)` | Value equality matcher |
+| `is(expected)` | Reference equality matcher (supports matchers) |
+| `anything` | Matches any value |
+| `never(matcher)` | Negates a matcher (aliases: `is_not`, `does_not`) |
+
+### Assertions Module - Type & Method
+
+| Method | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `is_a(type)` | Type/class matcher (alias of `descends_from`) |
+| `descends_from(type)` | Type/class matcher |
+| `instance_of(type)` | Exact class matcher |
+| `responds_to(*methods)` | Method presence matcher |
+
+### Assertions Module - Values
+
+| Method | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `nil_value` | Matches `nil` |
+| `truthy` | Matches non-nil, non-false values |
+| `falsy` | Matches `nil` or `false` |
+
+### Assertions Module - Strings
+
+| Method | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `starts_with(prefix)` | String prefix matcher |
+| `ends_with(suffix)` | String suffix matcher |
+| `matches_pattern(regex)` | Regex pattern matcher |
+| `blank` | Blank string matcher |
+
+### Assertions Module - Size & Emptiness
+
+| Method | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `empty` | Empty collection matcher |
+| `has_size(expected)` | Size/length matcher |
+
+### Assertions Module - Numeric
+
+| Method | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `is_greater_than(n)` | Greater than comparison |
+| `is_greater_than_or_equal_to(n)` | Greater than or equal comparison |
+| `is_less_than(n)` | Less than comparison |
+| `is_less_than_or_equal_to(n)` | Less than or equal comparison |
+| `between(min, max, exclusive: false)` | Range comparison |
+| `is_close_to(n, delta)` | Floating-point tolerance |
+
+### Assertions Module - Collections
+
+| Method | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `includes(*items)` | Partial containment |
+| `has_key(*keys)` | Hash key presence |
+| `has_value(*values)` | Hash value presence |
+| `contains(*items)` | Exact items, any order |
+| `contains_exactly(*items)` | Exact items, exact order |
+| `all_items(matcher)` | All items match |
+| `some_items(matcher)` | At least one matches |
+| `no_items(matcher)` | No items match |
+| `all_entries(matcher)` | All hash entries match |
+| `some_entry(matcher)` | At least one entry matches |
+| `no_entry(matcher)` | No entries match |
+| `is_in(collection)` | Membership check |
+
+### Assertions Module - Objects
+
+| Method | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `has_attribute(name, matcher = nil)` | Object attribute matcher |
+
+### Assertions Module - Combinators
+
+| Method | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `all_of(*matchers)` | All matchers must match |
+| `none_of(*matchers)` | No matcher should match |
+| `some_of(*matchers)` | At least one must match |
+
+### Asserter Methods
+
+| Method | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `.equals(expected)` | Assert value equality |
+| `.is(expected)` | Assert reference equality (supports matchers) |
+| `.never(matcher)` | Assert negation (aliases: `is_not`, `does_not`) |
+| `.matches(matcher)` | Use any matcher |
+| `.raises_error(class = nil, message_matcher = nil)` | Assert block raises |
+| `.raises_nothing` | Assert block doesn't raise |
+
+### Matcher Operators
+
+| Operator | Description |
+|----------|-------------|
+| `&` | AND - both matchers must succeed |
+| `\|` | OR - at least one matcher must succeed |
+
+### Module Methods
+
+| Method | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `Minicrest.register_matcher(name, &block)` | Register custom matcher |

data/lib/minicrest/value_matchers.rb

@@ -83,4 +83,65 @@ module Minicrest
       "expected #{actual.inspect} not to be an instance of #{@expected_type}, but it was"
     end
   end
+
+  # Matcher that checks if a value is an instance of a given type.
+  #
+  # Uses Ruby's `is_a?` method which checks class hierarchy and module inclusion.
+  #
+  # @example Basic usage
+  #   descends_from(String).matches?("hello")  # => true
+  #   descends_from(Integer).matches?(42)      # => true
+  #   descends_from(Enumerable).matches?([])   # => true (module inclusion)
+  #
+  # @example With inheritance
+  #   descends_from(Exception).matches?(StandardError.new)  # => true (subclass)
+  # @see InstanceOf
+  class DescendsFrom < Matcher
+    # Creates a new type matcher.
+    #
+    # @param expected_type [Class, Module] the expected type
+    def initialize(expected_type)
+      super()
+      @expected_type = expected_type
+    end
+
+    # Checks if actual is an instance of the expected type.
+    #
+    # @param actual [Object] the value to check
+    # @return [Boolean] true if actual.is_a?(expected_type)
+    def matches?(actual)
+      actual.is_a?(@expected_type)
+    end
+
+    # Returns a description of what this matcher expects.
+    #
+    # @return [String] description of expected type
+    def description
+      "an instance of #{@expected_type}"
+    end
+
+    # Returns the failure message when the match fails.
+    #
+    # @param actual [Object] the value that was checked
+    # @return [String] message showing expected vs actual type
+    def failure_message(actual)
+      <<~MSG.chomp
+        expected #{actual.inspect}
+              to be an instance of #{@expected_type}
+        but was #{actual.class}
+      MSG
+    end
+
+    # Returns the failure message when a negated match fails.
+    #
+    # @param actual [Object] the value that was checked
+    # @return [String] message indicating unexpected type match
+    def negated_failure_message(actual)
+      <<~MSG.chomp
+        expected #{actual.inspect}
+              not to be an instance of #{@expected_type}
+        but it is
+      MSG
+    end
+  end
 end