mini_racer 0.5.0 → 0.6.3

data/ext/mini_racer_extension/mini_racer_extension.cc

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include <ruby.h>
 #include <ruby/thread.h>
 #include <ruby/io.h>
+#include <ruby/version.h>
 #include <v8.h>
 #include <v8-profiler.h>
 #include <libplatform/libplatform.h>
@@ -11,6 +12,15 @@
 #include <mutex>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <math.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+/* workaround C Ruby <= 2.x problems w/ clang in C++ mode */
+#if defined(ENGINE_IS_CRUBY) && \
+	RUBY_API_VERSION_MAJOR == 2 && RUBY_API_VERSION_MINOR <= 6
+#  define MR_METHOD_FUNC(fn) RUBY_METHOD_FUNC(fn)
+#else
+#  define MR_METHOD_FUNC(fn) fn
+#endif
 
 using namespace v8;
 
@@ -295,17 +305,36 @@ static std::unique_ptr<Platform> current_platform = NULL;
 static std::mutex platform_lock;
 
 static pthread_attr_t *thread_attr_p;
-static pthread_rwlock_t exit_lock = PTHREAD_RWLOCK_INITIALIZER;
-static bool ruby_exiting = false; // guarded by exit_lock
+static std::atomic_int ruby_exiting(0);
 static bool single_threaded = false;
 
+static void mark_context(void *);
+static void deallocate(void *);
+static size_t context_memsize(const void *);
+static const rb_data_type_t context_type = {
+    "mini_racer/context_info",
+    { mark_context, deallocate, context_memsize }
+};
+
+static void deallocate_snapshot(void *);
+static size_t snapshot_memsize(const void *);
+static const rb_data_type_t snapshot_type = {
+    "mini_racer/snapshot_info",
+    { NULL, deallocate_snapshot, snapshot_memsize }
+};
+
+static void mark_isolate(void *);
+static void deallocate_isolate(void *);
+static size_t isolate_memsize(const void *);
+static const rb_data_type_t isolate_type = {
+    "mini_racer/isolate_info",
+    { mark_isolate, deallocate_isolate, isolate_memsize }
+};
+
 static VALUE rb_platform_set_flag_as_str(VALUE _klass, VALUE flag_as_str) {
     bool platform_already_initialized = false;
 
-    if(TYPE(flag_as_str) != T_STRING) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type argument %" PRIsVALUE" (should be a string)",
-                rb_obj_class(flag_as_str));
-    }
+    Check_Type(flag_as_str, T_STRING);
 
     platform_lock.lock();
 
@@ -313,7 +342,7 @@ static VALUE rb_platform_set_flag_as_str(VALUE _klass, VALUE flag_as_str) {
 	if (!strcmp(RSTRING_PTR(flag_as_str), "--single_threaded")) {
 	   single_threaded = true;
 	}
-        V8::SetFlagsFromString(RSTRING_PTR(flag_as_str), (int)RSTRING_LEN(flag_as_str));
+        V8::SetFlagsFromString(RSTRING_PTR(flag_as_str), RSTRING_LENINT(flag_as_str));
     } else {
         platform_already_initialized = true;
     }
@@ -336,7 +365,11 @@ static void init_v8() {
 
     if (current_platform == NULL) {
         V8::InitializeICU();
-        current_platform = platform::NewDefaultPlatform();
+	if (single_threaded) {
+	    current_platform = platform::NewSingleThreadedDefaultPlatform();
+	} else {
+	    current_platform = platform::NewDefaultPlatform();
+	}
         V8::InitializePlatform(current_platform.get());
         V8::Initialize();
     }
@@ -381,28 +414,32 @@ static void prepare_result(MaybeLocal<Value> v8res,
         Local<Value> local_value = v8res.ToLocalChecked();
         if ((local_value->IsObject() || local_value->IsArray()) &&
                 !local_value->IsDate() && !local_value->IsFunction()) {
-            Local<Object> JSON = context->Global()->Get(
-                        context, String::NewFromUtf8Literal(isolate, "JSON"))
-                    .ToLocalChecked().As<Object>();
-
-            Local<Function> stringify = JSON->Get(
-                        context, v8::String::NewFromUtf8Literal(isolate, "stringify"))
-                    .ToLocalChecked().As<Function>();
+            MaybeLocal<v8::Value> ml = context->Global()->Get(
+                        context, String::NewFromUtf8Literal(isolate, "JSON"));
 
-            Local<Object> object = local_value->ToObject(context).ToLocalChecked();
-            const unsigned argc = 1;
-            Local<Value> argv[argc] = { object };
-            MaybeLocal<Value> json = stringify->Call(context, JSON, argc, argv);
-
-            if (json.IsEmpty()) {
+            if (ml.IsEmpty()) { // exception
                 evalRes.executed = false;
             } else {
-                evalRes.json = true;
-                Persistent<Value>* persistent = new Persistent<Value>();
-                persistent->Reset(isolate, json.ToLocalChecked());
-                evalRes.value = persistent;
+                Local<Object> JSON = ml.ToLocalChecked().As<Object>();
+
+                Local<Function> stringify = JSON->Get(
+                            context, v8::String::NewFromUtf8Literal(isolate, "stringify"))
+                        .ToLocalChecked().As<Function>();
+
+                Local<Object> object = local_value->ToObject(context).ToLocalChecked();
+                const unsigned argc = 1;
+                Local<Value> argv[argc] = { object };
+                MaybeLocal<Value> json = stringify->Call(context, JSON, argc, argv);
+
+                if (json.IsEmpty()) {
+                    evalRes.executed = false;
+                } else {
+                    evalRes.json = true;
+                    Persistent<Value>* persistent = new Persistent<Value>();
+                    persistent->Reset(isolate, json.ToLocalChecked());
+                    evalRes.value = persistent;
+                }
             }
-
         } else {
             Persistent<Value>* persistent = new Persistent<Value>();
             persistent->Reset(isolate, local_value);
@@ -453,7 +490,7 @@ static void prepare_result(MaybeLocal<Value> v8res,
     }
 }
 
-void*
+static void*
 nogvl_context_eval(void* arg) {
 
     EvalParams* eval_params = (EvalParams*)arg;
@@ -623,11 +660,7 @@ static VALUE convert_v8_to_ruby(Isolate* isolate, Local<Context> context,
 	v8::String::Utf8Value symbol_name(isolate,
 	    Local<Symbol>::Cast(value)->Name());
 
-	VALUE str_symbol = rb_enc_str_new(
-	    *symbol_name,
-	    symbol_name.length(),
-	    rb_enc_find("utf-8")
-	);
+	VALUE str_symbol = rb_utf8_str_new(*symbol_name, symbol_name.length());
 
 	return rb_str_intern(str_symbol);
     }
@@ -638,7 +671,7 @@ static VALUE convert_v8_to_ruby(Isolate* isolate, Local<Context> context,
 	return Qnil;
     } else {
 	Local<String> rstr = rstr_maybe.ToLocalChecked();
-	return rb_enc_str_new(*String::Utf8Value(isolate, rstr), rstr->Utf8Length(isolate), rb_enc_find("utf-8"));
+	return rb_utf8_str_new(*String::Utf8Value(isolate, rstr), rstr->Utf8Length(isolate));
     }
 }
 
@@ -683,7 +716,7 @@ static Local<Value> convert_ruby_to_v8(Isolate* isolate, Local<Context> context,
     case T_FLOAT:
 	return scope.Escape(Number::New(isolate, NUM2DBL(value)));
     case T_STRING:
-	return scope.Escape(String::NewFromUtf8(isolate, RSTRING_PTR(value), NewStringType::kNormal, (int)RSTRING_LEN(value)).ToLocalChecked());
+	return scope.Escape(String::NewFromUtf8(isolate, RSTRING_PTR(value), NewStringType::kNormal, RSTRING_LENINT(value)).ToLocalChecked());
     case T_NIL:
 	return scope.Escape(Null(isolate));
     case T_TRUE:
@@ -711,7 +744,7 @@ static Local<Value> convert_ruby_to_v8(Isolate* isolate, Local<Context> context,
 	return scope.Escape(object);
     case T_SYMBOL:
 	value = rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("to_s"), 0);
-	return scope.Escape(String::NewFromUtf8(isolate, RSTRING_PTR(value), NewStringType::kNormal, (int)RSTRING_LEN(value)).ToLocalChecked());
+	return scope.Escape(String::NewFromUtf8(isolate, RSTRING_PTR(value), NewStringType::kNormal, RSTRING_LENINT(value)).ToLocalChecked());
     case T_DATA:
         klass = rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("class"), 0);
         if (klass == rb_cTime || klass == rb_cDateTime)
@@ -786,6 +819,7 @@ create_snapshot_data_blob(const char *embedded_source = nullptr) {
             SnapshotCreator::FunctionCodeHandling::kClear);
     }
 
+static
 StartupData warm_up_snapshot_data_blob(StartupData cold_snapshot_blob,
                                        const char *warmup_source) {
     // Use following steps to create a warmed up snapshot blob from a cold one:
@@ -819,21 +853,18 @@ StartupData warm_up_snapshot_data_blob(StartupData cold_snapshot_blob,
     return result;
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_snapshot_size(VALUE self, VALUE str) {
+static VALUE rb_snapshot_size(VALUE self) {
     SnapshotInfo* snapshot_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SnapshotInfo, snapshot_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, SnapshotInfo, &snapshot_type, snapshot_info);
 
     return INT2NUM(snapshot_info->raw_size);
 }
 
 static VALUE rb_snapshot_load(VALUE self, VALUE str) {
     SnapshotInfo* snapshot_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SnapshotInfo, snapshot_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, SnapshotInfo, &snapshot_type, snapshot_info);
 
-    if(TYPE(str) != T_STRING) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type argument %" PRIsVALUE " (should be a string)",
-                rb_obj_class(str));
-    }
+    Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
 
     init_v8();
 
@@ -849,21 +880,18 @@ static VALUE rb_snapshot_load(VALUE self, VALUE str) {
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_snapshot_dump(VALUE self, VALUE str) {
+static VALUE rb_snapshot_dump(VALUE self) {
     SnapshotInfo* snapshot_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SnapshotInfo, snapshot_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, SnapshotInfo, &snapshot_type, snapshot_info);
 
     return rb_str_new(snapshot_info->data, snapshot_info->raw_size);
 }
 
 static VALUE rb_snapshot_warmup_unsafe(VALUE self, VALUE str) {
     SnapshotInfo* snapshot_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SnapshotInfo, snapshot_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, SnapshotInfo, &snapshot_type, snapshot_info);
 
-    if(TYPE(str) != T_STRING) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type argument %" PRIsVALUE " (should be a string)",
-                rb_obj_class(str));
-    }
+    Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
 
     init_v8();
 
@@ -905,13 +933,13 @@ void IsolateInfo::init(SnapshotInfo* snapshot_info) {
 
 static VALUE rb_isolate_init_with_snapshot(VALUE self, VALUE snapshot) {
     IsolateInfo* isolate_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, IsolateInfo, isolate_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, IsolateInfo, &isolate_type, isolate_info);
 
     init_v8();
 
     SnapshotInfo* snapshot_info = nullptr;
     if (!NIL_P(snapshot)) {
-        Data_Get_Struct(snapshot, SnapshotInfo, snapshot_info);
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(snapshot, SnapshotInfo, &snapshot_type, snapshot_info);
     }
 
     isolate_info->init(snapshot_info);
@@ -922,7 +950,7 @@ static VALUE rb_isolate_init_with_snapshot(VALUE self, VALUE snapshot) {
 
 static VALUE rb_isolate_idle_notification(VALUE self, VALUE idle_time_in_ms) {
     IsolateInfo* isolate_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, IsolateInfo, isolate_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, IsolateInfo, &isolate_type, isolate_info);
 
     if (current_platform == NULL) return Qfalse;
 
@@ -933,7 +961,7 @@ static VALUE rb_isolate_idle_notification(VALUE self, VALUE idle_time_in_ms) {
 
 static VALUE rb_isolate_low_memory_notification(VALUE self) {
     IsolateInfo* isolate_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, IsolateInfo, isolate_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, IsolateInfo, &isolate_type, isolate_info);
 
     if (current_platform == NULL) return Qfalse;
 
@@ -943,7 +971,7 @@ static VALUE rb_isolate_low_memory_notification(VALUE self) {
 
 static VALUE rb_isolate_pump_message_loop(VALUE self) {
     IsolateInfo* isolate_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, IsolateInfo, isolate_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, IsolateInfo, &isolate_type, isolate_info);
 
     if (current_platform == NULL) return Qfalse;
 
@@ -956,7 +984,7 @@ static VALUE rb_isolate_pump_message_loop(VALUE self) {
 
 static VALUE rb_context_init_unsafe(VALUE self, VALUE isolate, VALUE snap) {
     ContextInfo* context_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, context_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, &context_type, context_info);
 
     init_v8();
 
@@ -967,11 +995,11 @@ static VALUE rb_context_init_unsafe(VALUE self, VALUE isolate, VALUE snap) {
 
         SnapshotInfo *snapshot_info = nullptr;
         if (!NIL_P(snap) && rb_obj_is_kind_of(snap, rb_cSnapshot)) {
-            Data_Get_Struct(snap, SnapshotInfo, snapshot_info);
+            TypedData_Get_Struct(snap, SnapshotInfo, &snapshot_type, snapshot_info);
         }
         isolate_info->init(snapshot_info);
     } else { // given isolate or snapshot
-        Data_Get_Struct(isolate, IsolateInfo, isolate_info);
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(isolate, IsolateInfo, &isolate_type, isolate_info);
     }
 
     context_info->isolate_info = isolate_info;
@@ -1001,7 +1029,7 @@ static VALUE rb_context_init_unsafe(VALUE self, VALUE isolate, VALUE snap) {
 static VALUE convert_result_to_ruby(VALUE self /* context */,
                                     EvalResult& result) {
     ContextInfo *context_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, context_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, &context_type, context_info);
 
     Isolate *isolate = context_info->isolate_info->isolate;
     Persistent<Context> *p_ctx = context_info->context;
@@ -1028,7 +1056,7 @@ static VALUE convert_result_to_ruby(VALUE self /* context */,
     // a v8 scope, if we do the scope is never cleaned up properly and we leak
     if (!result.parsed) {
         if(TYPE(message) == T_STRING) {
-            rb_raise(rb_eParseError, "%s", RSTRING_PTR(message));
+            rb_raise(rb_eParseError, "%" PRIsVALUE, message);
         } else {
             rb_raise(rb_eParseError, "Unknown JavaScript Error during parse");
         }
@@ -1042,8 +1070,7 @@ static VALUE convert_result_to_ruby(VALUE self /* context */,
             // If we were terminated or have the memory softlimit flag set
             if (marshal_stack_maxdepth_reached) {
                 ruby_exception = rb_eScriptRuntimeError;
-                std::string msg = std::string("Marshal object depth too deep. Script terminated.");
-                message = rb_enc_str_new(msg.c_str(), msg.length(), rb_enc_find("utf-8"));
+                message = rb_utf8_str_new_literal("Marshal object depth too deep. Script terminated.");
             } else if (result.terminated || mem_softlimit_reached) {
                 ruby_exception = mem_softlimit_reached ? rb_eV8OutOfMemoryError : rb_eScriptTerminatedError;
             } else {
@@ -1052,15 +1079,17 @@ static VALUE convert_result_to_ruby(VALUE self /* context */,
 
             // exception report about what happened
             if (TYPE(backtrace) == T_STRING) {
-                rb_raise(ruby_exception, "%s", RSTRING_PTR(backtrace));
+                rb_raise(ruby_exception, "%" PRIsVALUE, backtrace);
             } else if(TYPE(message) == T_STRING) {
-                rb_raise(ruby_exception, "%s", RSTRING_PTR(message));
+                rb_raise(ruby_exception, "%" PRIsVALUE, message);
             } else {
                 rb_raise(ruby_exception, "Unknown JavaScript Error during execution");
             }
+        } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(ruby_exception, rb_eException)) {
+            rb_exc_raise(ruby_exception);
         } else {
             VALUE rb_str = rb_funcall(ruby_exception, rb_intern("to_s"), 0);
-            rb_raise(CLASS_OF(ruby_exception), "%s", RSTRING_PTR(rb_str));
+            rb_raise(CLASS_OF(ruby_exception), "%" PRIsVALUE, rb_str);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1076,7 +1105,7 @@ static VALUE convert_result_to_ruby(VALUE self /* context */,
 
         if (result.json) {
             Local<String> rstr = tmp->ToString(p_ctx->Get(isolate)).ToLocalChecked();
-            VALUE json_string = rb_enc_str_new(*String::Utf8Value(isolate, rstr), rstr->Utf8Length(isolate), rb_enc_find("utf-8"));
+            VALUE json_string = rb_utf8_str_new(*String::Utf8Value(isolate, rstr), rstr->Utf8Length(isolate));
             ret = rb_funcall(rb_mJSON, rb_intern("parse"), 1, json_string);
         } else {
             StackCounter::Reset(isolate);
@@ -1102,16 +1131,13 @@ static VALUE rb_context_eval_unsafe(VALUE self, VALUE str, VALUE filename) {
     EvalResult eval_result;
     ContextInfo* context_info;
 
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, context_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, &context_type, context_info);
     Isolate* isolate = context_info->isolate_info->isolate;
 
-    if(TYPE(str) != T_STRING) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type argument %" PRIsVALUE " (should be a string)",
-                rb_obj_class(str));
-    }
-    if(filename != Qnil && TYPE(filename) != T_STRING) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type argument %" PRIsVALUE " (should be nil or a string)",
-                rb_obj_class(filename));
+    Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
+
+    if (!NIL_P(filename)) {
+        Check_Type(filename, T_STRING);
     }
 
     {
@@ -1120,13 +1146,13 @@ static VALUE rb_context_eval_unsafe(VALUE self, VALUE str, VALUE filename) {
         HandleScope handle_scope(isolate);
 
         Local<String> eval = String::NewFromUtf8(isolate, RSTRING_PTR(str),
-                    NewStringType::kNormal, (int)RSTRING_LEN(str)).ToLocalChecked();
+                    NewStringType::kNormal, RSTRING_LENINT(str)).ToLocalChecked();
 
         Local<String> local_filename;
 
         if (filename != Qnil) {
             local_filename = String::NewFromUtf8(isolate, RSTRING_PTR(filename),
-                NewStringType::kNormal, (int)RSTRING_LEN(filename)).ToLocalChecked();
+                NewStringType::kNormal, RSTRING_LENINT(filename)).ToLocalChecked();
             eval_params.filename = &local_filename;
         } else {
             eval_params.filename = NULL;
@@ -1190,7 +1216,7 @@ VALUE rescue_callback(VALUE rdata, VALUE exception) {
     return exception;
 }
 
-void*
+static void*
 gvl_ruby_callback(void* data) {
 
     FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>* args = (FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>*)data;
@@ -1206,7 +1232,7 @@ gvl_ruby_callback(void* data) {
         HandleScope scope(args->GetIsolate());
         Local<External> external = Local<External>::Cast(args->Data());
 
-        self = *(VALUE*)(external->Value());
+        self = (VALUE)(external->Value());
         callback = rb_iv_get(self, "@callback");
 
         parent = rb_iv_get(self, "@parent");
@@ -1214,7 +1240,7 @@ gvl_ruby_callback(void* data) {
             return NULL;
         }
 
-        Data_Get_Struct(parent, ContextInfo, context_info);
+        TypedData_Get_Struct(parent, ContextInfo, &context_type, context_info);
 
         if (length > 0) {
             ruby_args = rb_ary_tmp_new(length);
@@ -1243,7 +1269,6 @@ gvl_ruby_callback(void* data) {
         args->GetIsolate()->TerminateExecution();
         if (length > 0) {
             rb_ary_clear(ruby_args);
-            rb_gc_force_recycle(ruby_args);
         }
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -1251,8 +1276,8 @@ gvl_ruby_callback(void* data) {
     VALUE callback_data_value = (VALUE)&callback_data;
 
     // TODO: use rb_vrescue2 in Ruby 2.7 and above
-    result = rb_rescue2(RUBY_METHOD_FUNC(protected_callback), callback_data_value,
-            RUBY_METHOD_FUNC(rescue_callback), callback_data_value, rb_eException, (VALUE)0);
+    result = rb_rescue2(MR_METHOD_FUNC(protected_callback), callback_data_value,
+            MR_METHOD_FUNC(rescue_callback), callback_data_value, rb_eException, (VALUE)0);
 
     if(callback_data.failed) {
         rb_iv_set(parent, "@current_exception", result);
@@ -1266,7 +1291,6 @@ gvl_ruby_callback(void* data) {
 
     if (length > 0) {
         rb_ary_clear(ruby_args);
-        rb_gc_force_recycle(ruby_args);
     }
 
     if (IsolateData::Get(args->GetIsolate(), IsolateData::DO_TERMINATE)) {
@@ -1301,7 +1325,7 @@ static VALUE rb_external_function_notify_v8(VALUE self) {
     bool parse_error = false;
     bool attach_error = false;
 
-    Data_Get_Struct(parent, ContextInfo, context_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(parent, ContextInfo, &context_type, context_info);
     Isolate* isolate = context_info->isolate_info->isolate;
 
     {
@@ -1314,15 +1338,12 @@ static VALUE rb_external_function_notify_v8(VALUE self) {
 
         Local<String> v8_str =
             String::NewFromUtf8(isolate, RSTRING_PTR(name),
-                                NewStringType::kNormal, (int)RSTRING_LEN(name))
+                                NewStringType::kNormal, RSTRING_LENINT(name))
                 .ToLocalChecked();
 
-        // copy self so we can access from v8 external
-        VALUE* self_copy;
-        Data_Get_Struct(self, VALUE, self_copy);
-        *self_copy = self;
-
-        Local<Value> external = External::New(isolate, self_copy);
+        // Note that self (rb_cExternalFunction) is a pure Ruby T_OBJECT,
+        // not a T_DATA type like most other classes in this file
+        Local<Value> external = External::New(isolate, (void *)self);
 
         if (parent_object == Qnil) {
             Maybe<bool> success = context->Global()->Set(
@@ -1337,7 +1358,7 @@ static VALUE rb_external_function_notify_v8(VALUE self) {
             Local<String> eval =
                 String::NewFromUtf8(isolate, RSTRING_PTR(parent_object_eval),
                                     NewStringType::kNormal,
-                                    (int)RSTRING_LEN(parent_object_eval))
+                                    RSTRING_LENINT(parent_object_eval))
                     .ToLocalChecked();
 
             MaybeLocal<Script> parsed_script = Script::Compile(context, eval);
@@ -1379,7 +1400,7 @@ static VALUE rb_external_function_notify_v8(VALUE self) {
 
 static VALUE rb_context_isolate_mutex(VALUE self) {
     ContextInfo* context_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, context_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, &context_type, context_info);
 
     if (!context_info->isolate_info) {
         rb_raise(rb_eScriptRuntimeError, "Context has no Isolate available anymore");
@@ -1435,42 +1456,33 @@ static void free_context_raw(void *arg) {
     if (isolate_info) {
         isolate_info->release();
     }
-
-    xfree(context_info);
 }
 
 static void *free_context_thr(void* arg) {
-    if (pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock(&exit_lock) != 0) {
-        return NULL;
+    if (ruby_exiting.load() == 0) {
+        free_context_raw(arg);
+        xfree(arg);
     }
-    if (ruby_exiting) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    free_context_raw(arg);
-
-    pthread_rwlock_unlock(&exit_lock);
-
     return NULL;
 }
 
 // destroys everything except freeing the ContextInfo struct (see deallocate())
 static void free_context(ContextInfo* context_info) {
-
     IsolateInfo* isolate_info = context_info->isolate_info;
 
-    ContextInfo* context_info_copy = ALLOC(ContextInfo);
-    context_info_copy->isolate_info = context_info->isolate_info;
-    context_info_copy->context = context_info->context;
-
     if (isolate_info && isolate_info->refs() > 1) {
         pthread_t free_context_thread;
+        ContextInfo* context_info_copy = ALLOC(ContextInfo);
+
+        context_info_copy->isolate_info = context_info->isolate_info;
+        context_info_copy->context = context_info->context;
         if (pthread_create(&free_context_thread, thread_attr_p,
                            free_context_thr, (void*)context_info_copy)) {
             fprintf(stderr, "WARNING failed to release memory in MiniRacer, thread to release could not be created, process will leak memory\n");
+            xfree(context_info_copy);
         }
     } else {
-        free_context_raw(context_info_copy);
+        free_context_raw(context_info);
     }
 
     context_info->context = NULL;
@@ -1489,6 +1501,11 @@ static void mark_isolate(void* data) {
     isolate_info->mark();
 }
 
+static size_t isolate_memsize(const void *ptr) {
+     const IsolateInfo *isolate_info = (const IsolateInfo *)ptr;
+     return sizeof(*isolate_info);
+}
+
 static void deallocate(void* data) {
     ContextInfo* context_info = (ContextInfo*)data;
 
@@ -1497,6 +1514,11 @@ static void deallocate(void* data) {
     xfree(data);
 }
 
+static size_t context_memsize(const void *ptr)
+{
+    return sizeof(ContextInfo);
+}
+
 static void mark_context(void* data) {
     ContextInfo* context_info = (ContextInfo*)data;
     if (context_info->isolate_info) {
@@ -1504,48 +1526,39 @@ static void mark_context(void* data) {
     }
 }
 
-static void deallocate_external_function(void * data) {
-    xfree(data);
-}
-
 static void deallocate_snapshot(void * data) {
     SnapshotInfo* snapshot_info = (SnapshotInfo*)data;
     delete[] snapshot_info->data;
     xfree(snapshot_info);
 }
 
-static VALUE allocate_external_function(VALUE klass) {
-    VALUE* self = ALLOC(VALUE);
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, NULL, deallocate_external_function, (void*)self);
+static size_t snapshot_memsize(const void *data) {
+    SnapshotInfo* snapshot_info = (SnapshotInfo*)data;
+    return sizeof(*snapshot_info) + snapshot_info->raw_size;
 }
 
 static VALUE allocate(VALUE klass) {
-    ContextInfo* context_info = ALLOC(ContextInfo);
-    context_info->isolate_info = NULL;
-    context_info->context = NULL;
-
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, mark_context, deallocate, (void*)context_info);
+    ContextInfo* context_info;
+    return TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, ContextInfo, &context_type, context_info);
 }
 
 static VALUE allocate_snapshot(VALUE klass) {
-    SnapshotInfo* snapshot_info = ALLOC(SnapshotInfo);
-    snapshot_info->data = NULL;
-    snapshot_info->raw_size = 0;
+    SnapshotInfo* snapshot_info;
 
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, NULL, deallocate_snapshot, (void*)snapshot_info);
+    return TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, SnapshotInfo, &snapshot_type, snapshot_info);
 }
 
 static VALUE allocate_isolate(VALUE klass) {
     IsolateInfo* isolate_info = new IsolateInfo();
 
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, mark_isolate, deallocate_isolate, (void*)isolate_info);
+    return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &isolate_type, isolate_info);
 }
 
 static VALUE
 rb_heap_stats(VALUE self) {
 
     ContextInfo* context_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, context_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, &context_type, context_info);
     Isolate* isolate;
     v8::HeapStatistics stats;
 
@@ -1577,7 +1590,9 @@ rb_heap_stats(VALUE self) {
 // https://github.com/bnoordhuis/node-heapdump/blob/master/src/heapdump.cc
 class FileOutputStream : public OutputStream {
  public:
-  FileOutputStream(FILE* stream) : stream_(stream) {}
+  int err;
+
+  FileOutputStream(int fd) : fd(fd) { err = 0; }
 
   virtual int GetChunkSize() {
     return 65536;
@@ -1586,17 +1601,27 @@ class FileOutputStream : public OutputStream {
   virtual void EndOfStream() {}
 
   virtual WriteResult WriteAsciiChunk(char* data, int size) {
-    const size_t len = static_cast<size_t>(size);
-    size_t off = 0;
-
-    while (off < len && !feof(stream_) && !ferror(stream_))
-      off += fwrite(data + off, 1, len - off, stream_);
-
-    return off == len ? kContinue : kAbort;
+    size_t len = static_cast<size_t>(size);
+
+    while (len) {
+        ssize_t w = write(fd, data, len);
+
+        if (w > 0) {
+            data += w;
+            len -= w;
+        } else if (w < 0) {
+            err = errno;
+            return kAbort;
+        } else { /* w == 0, could be out-of-space */
+            err = -1;
+            return kAbort;
+        }
+    }
+    return kContinue;
   }
 
  private:
-  FILE* stream_;
+  int fd;
 };
 
 
@@ -1609,13 +1634,11 @@ rb_heap_snapshot(VALUE self, VALUE file) {
 
     if (!fptr) return Qfalse;
 
-    FILE* fp;
-    fp = fdopen(fptr->fd, "w");
-    if (fp == NULL) return Qfalse;
-
+    // prepare for unbuffered write(2) below:
+    rb_funcall(file, rb_intern("flush"), 0);
 
     ContextInfo* context_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, context_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, &context_type, context_info);
     Isolate* isolate;
     isolate = context_info->isolate_info ? context_info->isolate_info->isolate : NULL;
 
@@ -1629,13 +1652,14 @@ rb_heap_snapshot(VALUE self, VALUE file) {
 
     const HeapSnapshot* const snap = heap_profiler->TakeHeapSnapshot();
 
-    FileOutputStream stream(fp);
+    FileOutputStream stream(fptr->fd);
     snap->Serialize(&stream, HeapSnapshot::kJSON);
 
-    fflush(fp);
-
     const_cast<HeapSnapshot*>(snap)->Delete();
 
+    /* TODO: perhaps rb_sys_fail here */
+    if (stream.err) return Qfalse;
+
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
@@ -1643,7 +1667,7 @@ static VALUE
 rb_context_stop(VALUE self) {
 
     ContextInfo* context_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, context_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, &context_type, context_info);
 
     Isolate* isolate = context_info->isolate_info->isolate;
 
@@ -1660,7 +1684,7 @@ static VALUE
 rb_context_dispose(VALUE self) {
 
     ContextInfo* context_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, context_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, &context_type, context_info);
 
     free_context(context_info);
 
@@ -1723,7 +1747,7 @@ static VALUE rb_context_call_unsafe(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
     FunctionCall call;
     VALUE *call_argv = NULL;
 
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, context_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, &context_type, context_info);
     Isolate* isolate = context_info->isolate_info->isolate;
 
     if (argc < 1) {
@@ -1731,9 +1755,7 @@ static VALUE rb_context_call_unsafe(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
     }
 
     VALUE function_name = argv[0];
-    if (TYPE(function_name) != T_STRING) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "first argument should be a String");
-    }
+    Check_Type(function_name, T_STRING);
 
     char *fname = RSTRING_PTR(function_name);
     if (!fname) {
@@ -1784,23 +1806,15 @@ static VALUE rb_context_call_unsafe(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
         if (val.IsEmpty() || !val.ToLocalChecked()->IsFunction()) {
             missingFunction = true;
         } else {
-
             Local<v8::Function> fun = Local<v8::Function>::Cast(val.ToLocalChecked());
+            VALUE tmp;
             call.fun = fun;
-            int fun_argc = call.argc;
-
-            if (fun_argc > 0) {
-                call.argv = (v8::Local<Value> *) malloc(sizeof(void *) * fun_argc);
-                if (!call.argv) {
-                    return Qnil;
-                }
-                for(int i=0; i < fun_argc; i++) {
-                    call.argv[i] = convert_ruby_to_v8(isolate, context, call_argv[i]);
-                }
+            call.argv = (v8::Local<Value> *)RB_ALLOCV_N(void *, tmp, call.argc);
+            for(int i=0; i < call.argc; i++) {
+                call.argv[i] = convert_ruby_to_v8(isolate, context, call_argv[i]);
             }
             rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_context_call, &call, unblock_function, &call);
-            free(call.argv);
-
+            RB_ALLOCV_END(tmp);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1813,7 +1827,7 @@ static VALUE rb_context_call_unsafe(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
 
 static VALUE rb_context_create_isolate_value(VALUE self) {
     ContextInfo* context_info;
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, context_info);
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, ContextInfo, &context_type, context_info);
     IsolateInfo *isolate_info = context_info->isolate_info;
 
     if (!isolate_info) {
@@ -1821,18 +1835,13 @@ static VALUE rb_context_create_isolate_value(VALUE self) {
     }
 
     isolate_info->hold();
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(rb_cIsolate, NULL, &deallocate_isolate, isolate_info);
+    return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(rb_cIsolate, &isolate_type, isolate_info);
 }
 
 static void set_ruby_exiting(VALUE value) {
     (void)value;
 
-    int res = pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&exit_lock);
-
-    ruby_exiting  = true;
-    if (res == 0) {
-        pthread_rwlock_unlock(&exit_lock);
-    }
+    ruby_exiting.store(1);
 }
 
 extern "C" {
@@ -1877,7 +1886,6 @@ extern "C" {
         rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cIsolate, allocate_isolate);
 
         rb_define_private_method(rb_cExternalFunction, "notify_v8", (VALUE(*)(...))&rb_external_function_notify_v8, 0);
-        rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cExternalFunction, allocate_external_function);
 
         rb_define_method(rb_cSnapshot, "size", (VALUE(*)(...))&rb_snapshot_size, 0);
         rb_define_method(rb_cSnapshot, "dump", (VALUE(*)(...))&rb_snapshot_dump, 0);
@@ -1899,9 +1907,5 @@ extern "C" {
                 thread_attr_p = &attr;
             }
         }
-        auto on_fork_for_child = []() {
-            exit_lock = PTHREAD_RWLOCK_INITIALIZER;
-        };
-        pthread_atfork(nullptr, nullptr, on_fork_for_child);
     }
 }