RubyGems - mimetexrb - Versions diffs - 1.0.0 - Mend

mimetexrb 1.0.0

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+<!--
+ ****************************************************************************
+ * Copyright(c) 2002-2006, John Forkosh Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * ==========================================================================
+ * This file is part of mimeTeX, which is free software. You may redistribute
+ * and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License,
+ * version 2 or later, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *      MimeTeX is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, not even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY.
+ * See the GNU General Public License for specific details.
+ *      By using mimeTeX, you warrant that you have read, understood and
+ * agreed to these terms and conditions, and that you possess the legal
+ * right and ability to enter into this agreement and to use mimeTeX
+ * in accordance with it.
+ *      Your mimeTeX distribution should contain a copy of the GNU General
+ * Public License.  If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA,
+ * or point your browser to  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
+ ****************************************************************************
+ -->
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+ <!-- "http://www.forkosh.dreamhost.com/loose.dtd" -->
+<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+Preamble
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title> mimeTeX user's manual </title>
+    <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+    <style type="text/css">
+      body      { background-image:  none; /* none; or url(); */
+                  /*background-repeat: repeat-y;*/
+                  /*background-attachment: fixed;*/ /* fixed; or scroll; */
+                  background-color:  #ffffff;   color: #000000;
+                  margin-left: 0.5em;  margin-right: 0.1em;
+                  font-size: large; /* or medium */
+                  clear: both }
+      A:active  { color: blue/*#0000FF*/; text-decoration: none }
+      A:link    { color: blue/*#0000FF*/; text-decoration: none }
+      A:visited { color: blue/*#0000FF*/; text-decoration: none }
+      A:hover   { color: red/*#FF0000*/;  text-decoration: underline
+                  /*font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;*/
+                  /*font-size: normal;  line-height: normal*/ }
+      h1        { color: maroon;  text-decoration: underline;
+                  font-style: normal;  /* italic oblique */
+                  font-size: xx-large;
+                  padding-top: 2.0em;
+                  letter-spacing: 0.25em }
+      h2        { color: maroon;  text-decoration: underline;
+                  font-style: normal;  /* italic oblique */
+                  font-size: x-large;
+                  padding-top: 1.0em;
+                  letter-spacing: 0.20em }
+      h3        { color: maroon; /*black;   text-decoration: underline;*/
+                  font-style: normal;  /* italic oblique */
+                  font-size: large;
+                  margin-left: 1em;
+                  padding-top: 0.5em;
+                  letter-spacing: 0.15em }
+      center    { padding-top: -0.1em; padding-bottom: -0.1em; }
+      table     { font-size: large }
+      table.medium { font-size: medium }
+      dl        { font-size: large;
+                  margin-left: 3.0em;   margin-right: 2.5em }
+      ol        { margin-left: 3.0em;   margin-right: 2.5em }
+      ul        { margin-left: 3.0em;   margin-right: 2.5em;
+                  list-style-type: square }
+      ul ul     { margin-left: -0.5em;  margin-right: 3.5em;
+                  list-style-type: disc }
+      pre       { margin-left: 3.0em; font-size: medium; font-weight: bold }
+      pre.nobold { margin-left:3.0em; font-size:medium; font-weight:normal }
+      p         { margin-left: 2.0em;   margin-right: 1.5em }
+      p:first-letter
+                { font-size: x-large;   font-weight: bold;
+                  color: maroon }
+      p.continue { margin-left: 2.0em;   margin-right: 1.5em;
+                   padding-top: -0.1em }
+      p.continue:first-letter
+                { font-size: large;   font-weight: normal;
+                  color: black }
+      p.warning  { color: red } /* defines  p class=warning */
+    </style>
+  <script type="text/javascript">
+    <!--
+    // add/clear text to expression
+    function eqntext(eqn)
+      { var eqnSrc = document.getElementById(eqn).src;
+        var texSrc = eqnSrc.substring(eqnSrc.indexOf('?')+1,eqnSrc.length);
+        addtext(texSrc); }
+    function addtext(text)
+      { cleartext();
+        document.expression.formdata.value += unescape(text);
+        document.expression.formdata.focus(); }
+    function cleartext()
+      { document.expression.formdata.value = "";
+        //document.inlineframe.value = "";
+        document.expression.formdata.focus(); }
+    -->
+  </script>
+  </head>
+<body>
+<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+Banner across top of page, containing title and two example mimeTeX images.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+<br>
+<hr size=4>
+<center>
+ <table cellspacing=10>
+  <tr>
+   <td align="center">
+    <a href="#preview"><img id="imageBanr1" onclick="eqntext('imageBanr1')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large f=b_o+\frac{a_1}{b_1+\frac{a_2}
+    {b_2+\frac{a_3}{b_3+a_4}}}" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+   <td align="center" valign="middle">
+    <center> <font color="maroon" size=4>
+    <b><nobr>m i m e T e X &nbsp; m a n u a l</nobr></b> <br>
+    <font size=3>( for mimeTeX version 1.64 )</font> <br>
+    <font size=3> <b>Click for:</b>&nbsp;
+     <!-- <a href="http://www.forkosh.com" target="_top">homepage</a>, &nbsp;
+     <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/resume.html" target="_top">resume</a> -->
+     <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetextutorial.html" target="_top">
+     LaTeX tutorial</a><br>
+     <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.html" target="_top">
+     mimeTeX QuickStart</a><br>
+     <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.zip">
+     <!-- jfa <a href="ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/support/mimetex/mimetex.zip"></a> -->
+     <font size=4>download&nbsp;mimeTeX</font></a></font>
+    </font> </center> </td>
+   <td align="center">
+    <a href="#preview"><img id="imageBanr2" onclick="eqntext('imageBanr2')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\scr{J}^{ij}=\frac12\varepsilon_{ijk}
+    \left[\begin{array}{cc}\sigma_k&0\\0&\sigma_k\end{array}\right]"
+    alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> <br>
+    <a href="#examples">more_examples...</a> </td>
+  </tr>
+ </table>
+</center>
+<hr size=4>
+<center><b><font color="maroon" size=3>
+Copyright <font size=5>&copy;</font> 2002-2006,
+<a href="http://www.forkosh.com">John Forkosh Associates, Inc.</a> <br>
+email: <a href="mailto:john&#64;forkosh&#46;com">john&#64;forkosh&#46;com</a>
+</font></b> <br><br>
+<a href="#preview"><img id="timestamp1" onclick="eqntext('timestamp1')"
+src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\blue\begin{matrix}
+\large\today\\\normalsize\today[3]\end{matrix}"
+alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+Table of Contents
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+<br> <center><b><font color="maroon" size=6>
+ <u> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C o n t e n t s &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+ </u></font></b> <br>
+<table cellspacing=0 class="medium">
+ <tr>
+  <td valign="top" align="center" width=150>
+   <font size=3><b>- - - T u t o r i a l - - -</b></font> </td>
+  <td valign="top" align="center" colspan=3 width=450><font size=3><b>
+  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - R e f e r e n c e - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+ </b></font></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+  <td valign="top" align="center" width=150> <font size=3>
+   <a href="#introduction">&nbsp; (I) Introduction &nbsp;</a><br>
+    <a href="#quickstart"> a. Quick Start </a><br>
+    <a href="#examples">   b. Examples </a><br>
+    <a href="#gpl">        c. GPL License </a> </font> </td>
+  <td valign="top" align="center" width=150> <font size=3>
+   <a href="#build">&nbsp; (II) Building mimeTeX &nbsp;</a><br>
+    <a href="#compile">    a. Compile </a><br>
+    <a href="#install">    b. Install </a><br>
+    <a href="#options">    c. Compile Options </a><br>
+    <a href="#cmdline">    d. Command Line </a> </font> </td>
+  <td valign="top" align="center" width=150> <font size=3>
+   <a href="#reference">&nbsp; (III) Syntax Reference &nbsp;</a><br>
+    <a href="#spaces">     a. Math & White Space </a><br>
+    <a href="#symbols">    b. Symbols, Sizes, Modes </a><br>
+    <a href="#delimiters"> c. Delimiters </a><br>
+    <a href="#accents">    d. Accents, Arrows, etc. </a><br>
+    <a href="#array">      e. \begin{array} </a><br>
+    <a href="#picture">    f. \picture(&nbsp;){&nbsp;} </a><br>
+    <a href="#commands">   g. Other Commands </a><br>
+    <a href="#exceptions"> h. Other Exceptions </a> </font> </td>
+  <td valign="top" align="center" width=150> <font size=3>
+   <a href="#appendices">&nbsp; &nbsp; (IV) Appendices &nbsp; &nbsp;</a><br>
+    <a href="#fonts">      a. Fonts </a><br>
+    <a href="#makeraster"> b. make_raster() </a><br>
+    <a href="#gifsave">    c. gifsave.c </a>
+    <br><a href="#remarks"> &nbsp; Remarks &nbsp; </a> </font> </td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
++ Installation and Usage Summary
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+<br>
+<table border="0">
+<tr> <!-- banner -->
+ <td align="left">
+   <!-- <b><font color="maroon" size=4>
+   <u> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I n s t a l l a t i o n &nbsp;
+   a n d &nbsp; U s a g e &nbsp; S u m m a r y &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+   </u></font></b> -->
+   <font size=4 color="maroon"><b>- - - - - - I n s t a l l a t i o n &nbsp;
+   a n d &nbsp; U s a g e &nbsp; S u m m a r y - - - - - -</b></font>
+ </td> </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td valign="top"> <!-- summary -->
+  <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0">
+    <tr><td align="right" valign="top"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+      <a href="#build">Installation</a>: &nbsp; &nbsp; </td>
+      <td><font size=4> Download <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.zip">
+       mimetex.zip</a> and then type <br>
+       <b> &nbsp; &nbsp; unzip mimetex.zip</b> <br>
+       <b> &nbsp; &nbsp; cc -DAA mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi</b>
+       <br>Now just <b>mv</b> mimetex.cgi to your <b>cgi-bin/</b>
+       directory, <br> set permissions as necessary, and you're all done.
+       </font></td></tr>
+    <tr><td colspan="2"> <font size="2">&nbsp;</font> </td></tr>
+    <tr><td align="right" valign="top">
+      <a href="#introduction">Usage</a>: &nbsp; &nbsp; </td>
+      <td><font size=4> To see the image <br> &nbsp; &nbsp;
+       <a href="#preview"><img id="summary1" onclick="eqntext('summary1')"
+       src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}"
+       alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> <br>
+       just write the tag <br>
+       <b> &nbsp; &nbsp; &lt;img&nbsp;src="/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<br>
+       &nbsp; &nbsp; x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}"&gt;</b>
+       </font></td></tr>
+  </table>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+SECTION I.  INTRODUCTION
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+<h1> <a name="introduction">(I) Introduction</a> &nbsp; </h1>
+<p> <font color="maroon">MimeTeX, licensed under the
+    <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html" target="_top">gpl</a>,
+    lets you easily embed LaTeX math in your html pages.</font>
+    It parses a LaTeX math expression and immediately emits the
+    corresponding gif image, rather than the usual TeX dvi.
+    And mimeTeX is an entirely separate little program that doesn't use
+    TeX or its fonts in any way.  It's just one cgi that you put in your
+    site's cgi-bin/ directory, with no other dependencies.  So mimeTeX
+    is very easy to <a href="#quickbuild">install</a>.  And it's equally
+    easy to use.  Just place an html &lt;img&gt; tag in your document
+    wherever you want to see the corresponding LaTeX expression.
+    For example, </p>
+<pre>  &lt;img&nbsp;src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"
+   alt="" border=0 align=middle&gt;</pre> <p class="continue">immediately
+    generates the corresponding gif image on-the-fly, displaying
+    <a href="#preview"><img id="imageI1" onclick="eqntext('imageI1')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize
+    f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"
+    alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> wherever you put that &lt;img&gt tag.
+    MimeTeX doesn't need intermediate dvi-to-gif conversion, and it doesn't
+    create separate gif files for each converted expression.
+    (But you can enable image caching with mimeTeX's
+    &nbsp; <b>-DCACHEPATH=\&quot;<i>path/</i>\&quot;</b> &nbsp;
+    <a href="#options">compile&nbsp;option</a>.) </p>
+<h3> <a name="plugins">
+mimeTeX plugins<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+<p> There's no inherent need to repeatedly write the cumbersome
+    &lt;img&gt; tag illustrated above.  You can write your own <a href=
+    "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/1.4/docs/tutorial/doc/JSPIntro9.html#wp73314"
+    target="_top">custom&nbsp;tags</a>,
+    or write a wrapper&nbsp;script around mimeTeX to simplify the
+    notation. </p>
+<p style="margin-bottom:0">  For example, if you're using
+    <a href="http://www.phpbb.com" target="_top">phpBB2</a>, then
+    <a href="http://www.themathforum.com/" target="_top">Jameson</a>
+    contributed the following typical one-line mod that lets you just write
+    <b>[tex]&nbsp;f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt&nbsp;[/tex]</b>
+    to obtain the same image illustrated above: </p>
+    <pre class="medium" style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0"
+>   #--------[open]-----------------------------------------------------
+     /includes/bbcode.php
+   #--------[find]-----------------------------------------------------
+     // Remove our padding from the string..
+   #--------[before, add]----------------------------------------------
+     $text = preg_replace('/\[tex\](.*?)\[\/tex\]/ie',
+     "'&lt;img src=\"/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?'.rawurlencode('$1').'\" align=\"middle\" /&gt;'",
+     $text);</pre>
+<p class="continue" style="margin-top:0"> If you're using
+     <a href="http://www.phpbb.com" target="_top">phpBB3</a>,
+     then no mod is even needed.
+     Just click Postings from the Administrator Control Panel,
+     and add the custom BBCode&nbsp;<b>[tex]{TEXT}[/tex]</b> &nbsp;
+     with the HTML replacement
+     <b>&lt;img&nbsp;src="/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?{TEXT}"&nbsp;align=middle&gt;</b></p>
+<p> Similarly, <a href="http://www.pmichaud.com/wiki/PmWiki/PmWiki"
+    target="_top">PmWiki</a> also has a
+    <a href="http://www.pmichaud.com/wiki/Cookbook/MimeTeX" target="_top">
+    mimeTeX&nbsp;plugin</a> that lets you just write
+    <b>{$&nbsp;f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt&nbsp;$}</b>
+    to obtain that same image. &nbsp; Several other packages
+    also have similar mimeTeX plugins: </p>
+    <center><table>
+     <tr> <td align=center> <u>&nbsp;<b>Package</b>&nbsp;</u> </td>
+      <td> &nbsp; </td>
+      <td align=center> <u>&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Plugin</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;</u> </td>
+      </tr>
+     <tr> <td align=center>
+	  <a href="http://www.pmichaud.com/wiki/PmWiki/PmWiki" target="_top">
+	  PmWiki</a> </td> <td> &nbsp; </td>
+	  <td align=center>
+	  <a href="http://www.pmichaud.com/wiki/Cookbook/MimeTeX"
+	  target="_top">mimeTeX&nbsp;plugin</a> </td> </tr>
+     <tr> <td align=center>
+	  <a href="http://www.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" target="_top">
+	  Wikimedia</a> </td>
+	  <td align=center> &nbsp; </td>
+	  <td align=center>
+	  <a href="http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mimetex_alternative"
+	  target="_top">&quot;mimeTeX&nbsp;alternative&quot;</a> </td> </tr>
+     <tr> <td align=center>
+	  <a href="http://www.unitorganizer.com/mathwiki/index.php/Main_Page"
+	  target="_top">MathWiki</a> </td> <td> &nbsp; </td>
+	  <td align=center> <a href=
+	  "http://www.unitorganizer.com/mathwiki/index.php/MimetexParser"
+	  target="_top">&quot;mimeTeX&nbsp;Parser&quot;</a> </td> </tr>
+     <tr> <td align=center>
+	  <a href="http://forums.punbb.org/" target="_top">PunBB</a> </td>
+	  <td> &nbsp; </td> <td align=center>
+	  <a href="http://www.math-linux.com/spip.php?article44"
+	  target="_top">mimeTeX&nbsp;plugin</a> </td> </tr>
+     <tr> <td align=center>
+	  <a href="http://www.sixapart.com/movabletype/" target="_top">
+	  Movable&nbsp;Type</a> </td> <td> &nbsp; </td>
+	  <td align=center> <a href=
+	  "http://www.unitorganizer.com/myblog/2006/08/creating_equations_in_movable.html"
+          target="_top">mimeTeX&nbsp;plugin</a> </td> </tr>
+     <tr> <td align=center>
+	  <a href="http://wordpress.org/" target="_top">WordPress</a> </td>
+	  <td> &nbsp; </td> <td align=center> <a href=
+	  "http://www.anlak.com/?page_id=66" target="_top">
+     <!-- "http://sixthform.info/steve/wordpress/index.php?p=13&page=2" -->
+	  mimeTeX&nbsp;plugin</a> <!-- &nbsp; (see item 9) --> </td> </tr>
+     <!--- dead links --->
+     <!-- tr> <td align=center>
+	  <a href="http://www.phpbb.com" target="_top">phpBB</a> </td>
+	  <td> &nbsp; </td> <td align=center>
+	  <a href=
+	  "http://www.themathforum.com/math/showthread.php?p=621#post621"
+	  target="_top">mimeTeX&nbsp;plugin</a> </td> </tr -->
+     <!-- tr> <td align=center>
+	  <a href="http://www.mamboserver.com/" target="_top">Mambo</a> </td>
+	  <td> &nbsp; </td> <td align=center>
+	  <a href="http://mamboxchange.com/projects/mimetexbot/"
+	  target="_top">&quot;mimeTeX&nbsp;bot&quot;</a> </td> </tr -->
+    </table></center>
+<p> <b>Please note:</b> If you're writing your own plugin for mimeTeX,
+    please don't write php code using <b>system(&nbsp;)</b>, or any other
+    shell escape mechanism, just to cache images.  Use mimeTeX's
+    &nbsp; <b>-DCACHEPATH=\&quot;<i>path/</i>\&quot;</b> &nbsp;
+    <a href="#options">compile&nbsp;option</a> instead.
+    <b>system(&nbsp;)</b> raises security
+    issues, either real ones if used carelessly, or just in the minds of
+    system administrators.  Either way, I've received many emails from
+    people unable to use mimeTeX because of unnecessary <b>system(&nbsp;)</b>
+    calls prohibited by security-conscious sysadmins.  MimeTeX itself poses
+    minimal risk when used as illustrated above, but you're responsible
+    for any plugin/wrapper script you write around it. </p>
+<h3> <a name="alternatives">
+Alternative solutions<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+<p> MimeTeX's benefit over similar math-on-the-web solutions is, as
+    mentioned above, its easy installation.  But if that's not a
+    problem for you, and if your site's server already has a LaTeX
+    distribution installed, and suitable image conversion utilities like
+    <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org" target="_top">ImageMagick</a>,
+    then you may prefer to look at a math rendering script like
+    <a href="http://www.mayer.dial.pipex.com/tex.htm#latexrender"
+    target="_top">latexrender</a>
+    which uses LaTeX to create higher quality images than mimeTeX
+    produces.  For comparison,
+    <a href="#preview"><img id="imageI2" onclick="eqntext('imageI2')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize
+    f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"
+    alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>, with arbitrary mean
+    <a href="#preview"><img id="imageI3" onclick="eqntext('imageI3')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\mu" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>
+    and standard deviation
+    <a href="#preview"><img id="imageI4" onclick="eqntext('imageI4')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\sigma" alt="" border=0
+    align=middle></a>, and at mimeTeX's next larger font size, looks like </p>
+     <center>
+      <table>
+       <tr align="center">
+	<td> <font size="4">mimeTeX</font> </td>
+	<td> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{30}"
+              alt="" border=0> </td>
+	<td> <font size="4">latexrender</font> </td>
+       </tr>
+       <tr align="center">
+ 	<td>
+	 <a href="#preview"><img id="imageI5" onclick="eqntext('imageI5')"
+	 src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large
+         f(x)={\Large\frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}}}
+	 \int_{\small-\infty}^xe^{-\small\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2}}dt"
+	 alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+        <td> &nbsp; </td>
+	<td> <img src="http://www.forkosh.com/lrender.gif"
+	 alt="" border=0 align=middle> </td>
+       </tr>
+      </table>
+     </center>
+<p> Similar LaTeX-based solutions that you may want to look at are
+    <a href="http://www.fourmilab.ch/webtools/textogif/textogif.html"
+    target="_top">textogif</a> and
+    <a href="http://www.math.uio.no/~martingu/gladtex/"
+    target="_top">gladTeX</a>.  Additional discussion and several more
+    links are at <a href="http://www.tug.org/interest.html#web"
+    target="_top">www.tug.org/interest.html</a> and in the
+    <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=LaTeX2HTML"
+    target="_top">tex-faq</a>. </p>
+<!--
+<p> The remainder of this introductory mimeTeX tutorial section contains </p>
+     <ul>
+       <li> First, a concise <a href="#quickstart">Quickstart</a> providing
+            just enough information for you to try rendering your own
+            expressions by <a href="#preview">Submitting&nbsp;Queries</a>
+            right from this page. </li>
+       <li> Then, a variety of additional <a href="#examples">Examples</a>
+            that more fully illustrate mimeTeX's capabilities
+            (later on, Section III comprises a more complete mimeTeX
+            <a href="#reference">Syntax&nbsp;Reference</a>). </li>
+       <li> Finally, the <a href="#gpl">gpl</a> license, whose terms
+            and conditions you must agree to before using mimeTeX.</li>
+     </ul>
+-->
+<p> You may now want to browse the additional <a href="#examples">Examples</a>
+    below before proceeding, to make sure mimeTeX suits your needs before you
+    spend more time learning to use it. </p>
+<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+QUICKSTART
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+<h2> <a name="quickstart"> (Ia) Quick Start &nbsp; </a> </h2>
+ <p> <!-- Unlike MathML, --> MimeTeX is as TeX-like as possible (though
+     not 100% compliant), and you must already be familiar with LaTeX
+     math markup to use it.  If you're not, many online LaTeX
+     <a href="http://www.tug.org/begin.html#doc" target="_top">turorials</a>
+     are readily available.  You may also want to browse Andrew Roberts'
+     <a href="http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/latextutorial9.html"
+     target="_top">Latex&nbsp;Math&nbsp;I</a> and
+     <a href="http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/latextutorial10.html"
+     target="_top">Latex&nbsp;Math&nbsp;II</a>, or my own
+     <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetextutorial.html" target="_top">
+     LaTeX&nbsp;math&nbsp;tutorial</a>.
+     Then, instead of continuing to read this page, you can <!-- may prefer
+     to play with mimeTeX yourself.  In that case, --> just Submit any LaTeX
+     math expression you like in the Query Box below.  I've started
+     you out with a little example already in the box, or <!-- , instead, -->
+     you can Click any of the <a href="#examples">Examples</a> below
+     to place that corresponding expression in the Query Box. </p>
+ <p> Meanwhile, here are just a few quickstart tips for Submitting
+     your own mimeTeX expressions in the Query Box below: </p>
+     <ul>
+      <li> MimeTeX currently has eight font sizes selected by
+           one of the usual directives &nbsp; <b>\tiny</b>
+           or <b>\small</b> or <b>\normalsize</b>&nbsp;,
+           or <b>\large</b>&nbsp;(default) or <b>\Large</b>
+           or <b>\LARGE</b>&nbsp;, or <b>\huge</b> or <b>\Huge</b>&nbsp;.
+           &nbsp; &nbsp;  Unlike standard LaTeX, font size directives may
+           appear within math&nbsp;mode expressions.  They affect everything
+           to their right, except that their scope will be limited to any
+           <b>{&nbsp;}</b>-enclosed subexpression in which they occur.
+           For example, &nbsp; "<b>a+\small&nbsp;b+c</b>"
+           &nbsp; renders &nbsp;
+           <a href="#preview"> <img id="imageBu" onclick="eqntext('imageBu')"
+           src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large a+\small b+c"
+           alt="" border=0 align=bottom></a>, &nbsp; whereas &nbsp;
+           "<b>\small&nbsp;a+{\Large&nbsp;b+}c</b>" &nbsp; renders &nbsp;
+           <a href="#preview"> <img id="imageBv" onclick="eqntext('imageBv')"
+           src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small a+{\Large b+}c"
+           alt="" border=0 align=bottom></a>. </li>
+<!--  <li> At smaller font sizes, try preceding your expression with &nbsp;
+           <b>\light</b> &nbsp; which adjusts mimeTeX's anti-aliasing
+           parameters to produce thinner lines that you may feel are
+           more legible, e.g.,<br> &nbsp; &nbsp;
+           <a href="#preview"><img id="imageIA1" onclick="eqntext('imageIA1')"
+           src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\light\small\displaystyle
+           e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" alt="" border=0
+           align=middle> </a>  &nbsp versus &nbsp;
+           <a href="#preview"><img id="imageIA2" onclick="eqntext('imageIA2')"
+           src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\displaystyle
+           e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" alt="" border=0
+           align=middle> </a> </li> -->
+      <li> <!-- For displaystyle math mode limits illustrated above,
+           write either &nbsp;
+           <b>\displaystyle&nbsp;e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}</b>
+           &nbsp; or &nbsp; <b>e^x=\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}</b>
+           &nbsp; in the usual way (ditto for <b>\int</b>, <b>\prod</b>,
+           <b>\cup</b>, <b>\cap</b>, etc). -->  <!-- MimeTeX also recognizes
+           <b>\Bigint</b>, <b>\Bigsum</b>, <b>\Bigprod</b>, and several
+           similar extra symbols which are a little bigger, and which
+           automatically render displaystyle limits. -->
+           <!-- MimeTeX default-renders limits displaystyle at sizes
+           <b>\large</b> and larger (see the <b>-DDISPLAYSIZE=<i>n</i></b>
+           <a href="#options">compile&nbsp;option</a> below to change the
+           default). &nbsp; <b>\textstyle</b> overrides this default for
+           your entire expression, or <b>\nolimits</b> overrides it
+           for a single operator. -->
+           By default, mimeTeX renders limits textstyle &nbsp;
+           <a href="#preview"> <img id="imageB1" onclick="eqntext('imageB1')"
+           src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\textstyle
+           \sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>
+           &nbsp; at sizes <b>\normalsize</b> and smaller,
+           and renders them displaystyle &nbsp;
+           <a href="#preview"> <img id="imageB2" onclick="eqntext('imageB2')"
+           src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
+           \sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>
+           &nbsp; at sizes <b>\large</b> and larger.
+           The LaTeX directives <b>\displaystyle</b> or <b>\textstyle</b>,
+           and <b>\limits</b> or <b>\nolimits</b>, override mimeTeX's default
+           in the usual way.  Or see the <b>-DDISPLAYSIZE=<i>n</i></b>
+           <a href="#options">compile&nbsp;option</a> below to change
+           the default. </li>
+     </ul>
+ <p> <a name="forminput"> </a> <a name="preview"> </a>
+     Now enter your own LaTeX expression, use the sample provided,
+     or Click any of the <a href="#examples">Examples</a>.
+     Then press the Submit button, and mimeTeX's rendering should be
+     displayed in the little window immediately below it. </p>
+     <center>
+      <table border="2" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0">
+       <tr align="center"><td>
+         <form name="expression" action="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi"
+         method="get" target="inlineframe">
+           <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1">
+             <tr align="left"><td align="center">
+                <b>First enter your own LaTeX expression,
+                 or Click any example...</b> <br>
+               <textarea name="formdata" rows="5" cols="72"
+                >\Large f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^x e^{-t^2}dt</textarea> <br>
+             </td></tr>
+             <tr align="center"><td>
+               <font size="-1"> <input type="button" onClick="cleartext()"
+               value="Clear Expression"> &nbsp; &nbsp;
+               &nbsp; <input type="submit" value="Submit Expression"> </font>
+             </td></tr>
+           </table>
+         </form> </td></tr>  <tr align="left"><td align="center">
+         <b>Now click Submit to see it rendered below...</b> <br>
+         <iframe name="inlineframe" align="middle" width="85%" height="110">
+         &lt;p&gt;iframe's not supported if you see this.&lt;/p&gt;
+         </iframe>
+       </td></tr>
+      </table>
+     </center>
+ <p> You should see &nbsp;
+     <a href="#preview"><img id="imageIA3" onclick="eqntext('imageIA3')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize
+     f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^x e^{-t^2}dt"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> if you submit the sample expression
+     already in the box. </p>
+ <p> And the &lt;img&gt; tag to embed this same integral anywhere
+     in your own document is </p>
+<pre> &lt;img&nbsp;src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"
+  alt="" border=0 align=middle&gt;</pre>
+ <p> <!-- You can see numerous additional examples illustrating html
+     &lt;img&gt; tags using mimeTeX by viewing this page's source. -->
+     The typical mimeTeX &lt;img&gt; tag has the form </p>
+<pre> &lt;img&nbsp;src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?any valid LaTeX/mimeTeX expression"
+  alt="" border=0 align=middle&gt;</pre> <p class="continue">
+     where <b>../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi</b> is the relative path from your html
+     page containing these tags to your compiled mimetex.cgi program, and
+     where <b>any&nbsp;valid&nbsp;LaTeX/mimeTeX&nbsp;expression</b>
+     is pretty much any valid LaTeX math expression: </p> <ul>
+     <!-- <li> As discussed in the <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a>,
+            you can replace cumbersome &lt;img&gt; tags with your own custom
+            tags or wrapper scripts. </li> -->
+       <li> <!-- And --> There are occasional exceptions where I couldn't
+            program mimeTeX to recognize valid LaTeX syntax.
+            One particular "gotcha" is that mimeTeX bindings
+            are pretty much left-to-right.  Thus, for example, although
+            mimeTeX correctly interprets <b>\frac12</b> as well as
+            <b>\frac1{x^2}</b>, etc, the legal LaTeX expression
+            <b>x^\frac12</b> must be written <b>x^{\frac12}</b>.
+            Otherwise, mimeTeX interprets it as <b>{x^\frac}12</b>, i.e.,
+            the same way <b>x^\alpha12</b> would be interpreted, which is
+            nonsense for <b>\frac</b>.  The same "gotcha" also applies to
+            other combinations of commands, e.g., you must write
+            <b>\sqrt{\frac\alpha\beta}</b>, or
+            <b>\frac\alpha{\sqrt\beta}</b>, etc.
+            The <a href="#reference">Syntax&nbsp;Reference</a> section
+            contains much additional information.  <!-- Or you can just begin
+            playing with mimeTeX for yourself to see if it might have
+            any potential usefulness for you. --> </li>
+       <li> Besides such exceptions, mimeTeX
+            also provides various LaTeX extensions. <!-- , i.e., LaTeX errors
+            permitted by mimetex. -->  For example, font size
+            directives like <b>\Large</b> are permitted within mimeTeX
+            math&nbsp;mode expressions, but flagged as errors by LaTeX.
+            <!-- But note well: if you take advantage of mimeTeX extensions,
+            your math&nbsp;mode expressions will no longer be accepted by
+            standard TeX engines. --> </li> </ul>
+<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EXAMPLES
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+<h2> <a name="examples"> (Ib) Examples &nbsp; </a> </h2>
+ <p> Here are various additional random examples further demonstrating
+     mimeTeX's features and usage.  To see how they're done, Click any
+     one of them to place its corresponding expression in the
+     <a href="#preview">Query&nbsp;Box</a> above.  Then press Submit
+     to re-render it, or you can edit the expression first to suit
+     your own purposes. </p>
+<table cellspacing=15>
+<!-- first example: taylor series for e^x at various font sizes and colors
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+ <tr>
+  <td>
+    <font size=5><a name="example1">(1)</a></font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </td>
+  <td align="left" colspan=4>
+    <a href="#preview">
+      <img id="example1a" onclick="eqntext('example1a')"
+      src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\red\normalsize\displaystyle
+      e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}"
+      alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp &nbsp
+    <a href="#preview">
+      <img id="example1b" onclick="eqntext('example1b')"
+      src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\green\large\displaystyle
+      e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}"
+      alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp &nbsp
+    <a href="#preview">
+      <img id="example1c" onclick="eqntext('example1c')"
+      src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\blue\Large
+      e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}"
+      alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp &nbsp
+    <a href="#preview">
+      <img id="example1d" onclick="eqntext('example1d')"
+      src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\reverse\opaque
+      \LARGE e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}"
+      alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp &nbsp
+    <a href="#preview">
+      <img id="example1e" onclick="eqntext('example1e')"
+      src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE
+      e^x=\lim_{n\to\infty} \left(1+\frac xn\right)^n"
+      alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>
+  </td>
+ </tr>
+<!-- second example
++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+ <tr>
+  <td>
+    <font size=5>(2)</font> </td>
+  <td align="left" colspan=4>
+    <a href="#preview">
+    <img id="example2" onclick="eqntext('example2')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\frac{dv^m}{ds}=-\Gamma^m_{oo}v^{o^2}
+    =-g^{mn}\Gamma_{noo}v^{o^2}=\frac12g^{mn}g_{oo,n}v^{o^2}"
+    alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+ </tr>
+<!-- third example
+++++++++++++++++++ -->
+ <tr>
+  <td>
+    <font size=5>(3)</font> </td>
+  <td align="left" colspan=4>
+    <a href="#preview">
+    <img id="example3" onclick="eqntext('example3')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\varepsilon=\sum_{i=1}^{n-1}
+    \frac1{\Delta x}\int_{x_i}^{x_{i+1}}\left\{\frac1{\Delta x}\big[
+    (x_{i+1}-x)y_i^\ast+(x-x_i)y_{i+1}^\ast\big]-f(x)\right\}^2dx"
+    alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+ </tr>
+<!-- fourth example: solution to quadratic, definition of derivative
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+ <tr>
+  <td>
+    <font size=5>(4)</font> </td>
+  <td align="left" colspan=4>
+    <table>
+      <tr>
+       <td align="left">
+         <a href="#preview">
+         <img id="example4a" onclick="eqntext('example4a')"
+         src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}"
+         alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+       <td>
+         solution for quadratic </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr> <td> <br> </td> </tr>
+      <tr>
+       <td align="left">
+         <a href="#preview">
+         <img id="example4b" onclick="eqntext('example4b')"
+         src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large f^\prime(x)\ =
+         \lim_{\Delta x\to0}\frac{f(x+\Delta x)-f(x)}{\Delta x}"
+         alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+       <td>
+         definition of derivative </td>
+      </tr>
+    </table> </td>
+ </tr>
+<!-- fifth example:  continued fraction
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+ <tr>
+  <td>
+    <font size=5>(5)</font> </td>
+  <td align="left">
+    <a href="#preview">
+    <img id="example5" onclick="eqntext('example5')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE f=b_o+\frac{a_1}{b_1+
+    \frac{a_2}{b_2+\frac{a_3}{b_3+a_4}}}"
+    alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+  <td>
+    illustrating <b>\frac{}{}</b> for continued fraction </td>
+ </tr>
+<!-- sixth example:  demonstrating  \left\{ ... \right.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+ <tr>
+  <td>
+    <font size=5>(6)</font> </td>
+  <td align="left">
+    <a href="#preview">
+    <img id="example6" onclick="eqntext('example6')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE\tilde y=\left\{
+    {\ddot x\text{ if \vec x odd}\atop\hat{\,\bar x+1}\text{ if even}}\right."
+    alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+  <td>
+    illustrating <b>\left\{...\right<font size=5>.</font></b>
+    <!-- we may write <b>\{...\.</b> --> <br>
+    and note the accents </td>
+ </tr>
+<!-- seventh example:  demonstrating \overbrace \underbrace
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+ <tr>
+  <td>
+    <font size=5>(7)</font> </td>
+  <td align="center">
+    <a href="#preview">
+    <img id="example7" onclick="eqntext('example7')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\overbrace{a,...,a}^{\text{k a^,s}},
+    \underbrace{b,...,b}_{\text{l b^,s}}\hspace{10}
+    \large\underbrace{\overbrace{a...a}^{\text{k a^,s}},
+    \overbrace{b...b}^{\text{l b^,s}}}_{\text{k+l elements}}"
+    alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+  <td>
+    <b>\overbrace{}^{}</b> and <b>\underbrace{}_{}</b> <br>
+    (TeXbook page 181, Exercise 18.41) </td>
+ </tr>
+<!-- eighth example:  demonstrating \begin{array}
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+ <tr>
+  <td>
+    <font size=5>(8)</font> </td>
+  <td align="left" colspan=3>
+    <table>
+      <tr>
+        <td align="left" colspan=2>
+         <a href="#preview">
+         <img id="example8a" onclick="eqntext('example8a')"
+         src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\scr{J}^{i0}=+\frac i2
+         \left[\begin{array}{cc}\sigma_i&0\\0&-\sigma_i\end{array}\right]
+         \hspace{10}\scr{J}^{ij}=\frac12\varepsilon_{ijk}
+         \left[\begin{array}{cc}\sigma_k&0\\0&\sigma_k\end{array}\right]"
+         alt="" border=0 align=middle> </a> </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr> <td> <br> </td> </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td align="left">
+         <a href="#preview">
+         <img id="example8b" onclick="eqntext('example8b')"
+         src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large A\ =\ \large\left(
+         \begin{array}{c.cccc}&1&2&\cdots&n\\
+         \hdash1&a_{11}&a_{12}&\cdots&a_{1n}\\
+         2&a_{21}&a_{22}&\cdots&a_{2n}\\
+         \vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\
+         n&a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\cdots&a_{nn}\end{array}\right)"
+         alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+        <td>
+         demonstrating <a href="#array">\begin{array}</a>'s dashed lines </td>
+      </tr>
+    </table> </td>
+ </tr>
+<!-- ninth example: block diagonal form using nested arrays
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+ <tr>
+  <td>
+    <font size=5><a name="example9">(9)</a></font> </td>
+        <td align="left" colspan="2">
+         <a href="#preview">
+         <img id="example9c" onclick="eqntext('example9c')"
+         src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize
+         \left(\large\begin{array}{GC+23}
+         \varepsilon_x\\\varepsilon_y\\\varepsilon_z\\\gamma_{xy}\\
+         \gamma_{xz}\\\gamma_{yz}\end{array}\right)\ {\Large=}
+         \ \left[\begin{array}{CC}
+         \begin{array}\frac1{E_{\fs{+1}x}}
+         &-\frac{\nu_{xy}}{E_{\fs{+1}x}}
+         &-\frac{\nu_{\fs{+1}xz}}{E_{\fs{+1}x}}\\
+         -\frac{\nu_{yx}}{E_y}&\frac1{E_{y}}&-\frac{\nu_{yz}}{E_y}\\
+         -\frac{\nu_{\fs{+1}zx}}{E_{\fs{+1}z}}&
+         -\frac{\nu_{zy}}{E_{\fs{+1}z}}
+         &\frac1{E_{\fs{+1}z}}\end{array} & {\LARGE 0} \\
+         {\LARGE 0} & \begin{array}\frac1{G_{xy}}&&\\
+         &\frac1{G_{\fs{+1}xz}}&\\&&\frac1{G_{yz}}\end{array}
+         \end{array}\right]
+         \ \left(\large\begin{array}
+         \sigma_x\\\sigma_y\\\sigma_z\\\tau_{xy}\\\tau_{xz}\\\tau_{yz}
+         \end{array}\right)"
+         alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+        <td align="left">
+         Block diagonal form using nested <b>\begin{array}</b>'s.<br>
+         Also, note rows aligned across all three arrays.
+        </td>
+ </tr>
+<!-- tenth example:  demonstrating \begin{eqnarray} to align equations
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+ <tr>
+  <td>
+    <font size=5>(10)</font> </td>
+  <td align="center">
+    <a href="#preview">
+    <img id="example10" onclick="eqntext('example10')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\left.\begin{eqnarray}
+    x+y+z&=&3\\2y&=&x+z\\2x+y&=&z\end{eqnarray}\right\}"
+    alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+  <td>
+    using <a href="#array">\begin{eqnarray}</a> to align equations </td>
+ </tr>
+<!-- eleventh example:  demonstrating commutative diagram
+using \longxxxarrow[] and \begin{array}
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+ <tr>
+  <td>
+    <font size=5>(11)</font> </td>
+  <td align="center">
+    <a href="#preview">
+    <img id="example11" onclick="eqntext('example11')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\begin{array}{rccclBCB}
+    &f&\longrightarrow[75]^{\alpha:{\normalsize f\rightarrow g}}&g\\
+    \large\gamma&\longdownarrow[50]&&\longdownarrow[50]&\large\gamma\\
+    &u&\longrightarrow[75]_\beta&v\end{array}"
+    alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+  <td>
+    commutative diagram using <a href="#array">\begin{array}</a> </td>
+ </tr>
+<!-- twelfth example:  demonstrating \picture
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+ <tr>
+  <td>
+    <font size=5>(12)</font> </td>
+  <td align="left">
+    <a href="#preview">
+    <img id="example12" onclick="eqntext('example12')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\hspace{5}\unitlength{1}
+    \picture(175,100){ (50,50){\circle(100)}
+    (1,50){\overbrace{\line(46)}^{4$\;\;a}}
+    (52,50){\line(125)} (50,52;115;2){\mid} (52,55){\longleftar[60]}
+    (130,56){\longrightar[35]} (116,58){r} (c85,50;80;2){\bullet}
+    (c85,36){\large-q} (c165,36){\large q}
+    (42,29){\underbrace{\line(32)}_{\small a^2/r\;\;\;}} }"
+    alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+  <td valign="middle">
+    mimeTeX <a href="#picture">\picture(size){pic_elems}</a>
+    "environment", illustrating the image charge <b>- q</b>
+    for a grounded conducting sphere of radius <b>a</b> with
+    a charge <b>q</b> at distance <b>r &gt; a</b> outside it. </td>
+ </tr>
+<!-- thirteenth example:  demonstrating \picture
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+ <tr>
+  <td>
+    <font size=5>(13)</font> </td>
+  <td align="left">
+    <a href="#preview">
+    <img id="example13" onclick="eqntext('example13')"
+    src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\hspace{10}\unitlength{.75}
+    \picture(120,220){ (60,200){\circle(120,40)} (0,20){\line(0,180)}
+    (5,189;0,-30){\pict(110,20){(c20,10;70;2){
+    \pict(40,20){(20,10){\circle(40,20)}(c10,10)+(c30,10)-}} } }
+    (119,20){\line(0,180)} (60,20){\circle(120,40;34)}}"
+    alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+  <td valign="middle"> <a href="#picture">\picture</a> "environment"
+    illustrating the surface polarization charge induced by a uniform
+    electric field. Inside the slab of material, the volume polarization
+    charge clearly vanishes. <br><br>  The little
+    <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\unitlength{.75} \pict(40,20){(20,10)
+    {\circle(40,20)}(c10,10)+(c30,10)-}" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
+    dipole image is drawn only once, then multiput across two columns, and
+    then that result is further multiput down the rows. MimeTeX \picture's
+    can be used as picture elements in other pictures, nested to any level.
+    The image at left is picture-in-picture-in-picture. </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+<!-- font examples
+++++++++++++++++++ -->
+<h3> Some font examples <font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> Finally, illustrated below are some examples of fonts and symbols
+     available with mimeTeX.  All symbols and sizes from cmr, cmmi,
+     cmmib (use <b>\mathbf{&nbsp;}</b>), cmsy, cmex, bbold (use
+     <b>\mathbb{&nbsp;}</b>), rsfs (use <b>\mathscr{&nbsp;}</b>),
+     stmary and cyrillic wncyr (use <b>{\cyr&nbsp;&nbsp;}</b> or
+     <b>\cyr{&nbsp;}</b>) should be available, but they're not all shown.
+     And also not shown are various "constructed symbols" like \sqrt,
+     accents, etc.  The illustrated font sizes are numbered 4=\Large,
+     3=\large and 2=\normalsize (not shown are 7=\Huge, 6=\huge,
+     5=\LARGE, 1=\small and 0=\tiny). </p>
+<h3>cmmi latin uppercase, and lowercase</h3>
+<p> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{r$
+2$\rm~size~4:~&4$A&4$B&4$C&4$D,&4$a&4$b&4$c&4$d\\
+2$\rm~3:~&3$E&3$F&3$G&3$H&3$I&3$J&3$K&3$L,&3$e&3$f&3$g&3$h&3$i&3$j&3$k&3$l\\
+2$\rm~2:~&2$M&2$N&2$O&2$P&2$Q&2$R&2$S&2$T&2$U&2$V&2$W&2$X&2$Y&2$Z,&
+2$m&2$n&2$o&2$p&2$q&2$r&2$s&2$t&2$u&2$v&2$w&2$x&2$y&2$z}"
+alt="" border=0 align=middle> </p>
+<h3>calligraphic, and rsfs (<b>\cal{A}, \scr{B}, etc</b>)</h3>
+<p> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{r$
+2$\rm~size~4:~&4$\calA&4$\calB&4$\calC&4$\calD&4$\calE&4$\calF&4$\calG,&
+4$\scrA&4$\scrB&4$\scrC&4$\scrD&4$\scrE&4$\scrF&4$\scrG\\
+2$\rm~3:~&3$\calH&3$\calI&3$\calJ&3$\calK&3$\calL&3$\calM&3$\calN&3$\calO&
+3$\calP,&
+3$\scrH&3$\scrI&3$\scrJ&3$\scrK&3$\scrL&3$\scrM&3$\scrN&3$\scrO&3$\scrP\\
+2$\rm~2:~&2$\calQ&2$\calR&2$\calS&2$\calT&2$\calU&
+2$\calV&2$\calW&2$\calX&2$\calY&2$\calZ,&
+2$\scrQ&2$\scrR&2$\scrS&2$\scrT&2$\scrU&2$\scrV&2$\scrW&
+2$\scrX&2$\scrY&2$\scrZ}"
+alt="" border=0 align=middle> </p>
+<h3>cmmi greek uppercase, and \var lowercase</h3>
+<p> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{r$
+2$\rm~size~4:~&4$\Gamma&4$\Delta&4$\Theta&4$\Lambda&4$\Xi&4$\Pi&4$\Sigma&
+4$\Upsilon&4$\Phi&4$\Psi&4$\Omega,&4$\rm~~&4$\varepsilon&4$\vartheta&4$\varpi&
+4$\varrho&4$\varsigma&4$\varphi\\
+2$\rm~3:~&3$\Gamma&3$\Delta&3$\Theta&3$\Lambda&3$\Xi&3$\Pi&3$\Sigma&
+3$\Upsilon&3$\Phi&3$\Psi&3$\Omega,&~&3$\varepsilon&3$\vartheta&3$\varpi&
+3$\varrho&3$\varsigma&3$\varphi\\
+2$\rm~2:~&2$\Gamma&2$\Delta&2$\Theta&2$\Lambda&2$\Xi&2$\Pi&2$\Sigma&
+2$\Upsilon&2$\Phi&2$\Psi&2$\Omega,&~&2$\varepsilon&2$\vartheta&2$\varpi&
+2$\varrho&2$\varsigma&2$\varphi}"
+alt="" border=0 align=middle> </p>
+<h3>cmmi greek lowercase</h3>
+<p> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{r$
+2$\rm~size~4:~&4$\alpha&4$\beta&4$\gamma&4$\delta&4$\epsilon&4$\zeta&
+4$\eta&4$\theta&4$\iota&4$\kappa&4$\lambda&4$\mu&4$\nu&4$\xi&4$%%\omicron%%&
+4$\pi&4$\rho&4$\sigma&4$\tau&4$\upsilon&4$\phi&4$\chi&4$\psi&4$\omega\\
+2$\rm~3:~&3$\alpha&3$\beta&3$\gamma&3$\delta&3$\epsilon&3$\zeta&
+3$\eta&3$\theta&3$\iota&3$\kappa&3$\lambda&3$\mu&3$\nu&3$\xi&3$%%\omicron%%&
+3$\pi&3$\rho&3$\sigma&3$\tau&3$\upsilon&3$\phi&3$\chi&3$\psi&3$\omega\\
+2$\rm~2:~&2$\alpha&2$\beta&2$\gamma&2$\delta&2$\epsilon&2$\zeta&
+2$\eta&2$\theta&2$\iota&2$\kappa&2$\lambda&2$\mu&2$\nu&2$\xi&2$%%\omicron%%&
+2$\pi&2$\rho&2$\sigma&2$\tau&2$\upsilon&2$\phi&2$\chi&2$\psi&2$\omega}"
+alt="" border=0 align=middle> </p>
+<h3>cmsy symbols at mimeTeX font size 3<br>
+<font size="3">(operators shown large are automatically "promoted"<br>
+to the larger size in \displaystyle mode)</font> </h3>
+<p> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{3,r$1$\rm~chars~\\
+1$\rm~0-15:~&-&\cdot&\times&\ast&\div&\diamond&\pm&\mp&
+\oplus&\ominus&\otimes&\oslash&\odot&\bigcirc&\circ&\bullet\\
+1$\rm~16-31:~&\asymp&\equiv&\subseteq&\supseteq&\leq&\geq&\preceq&\succeq&
+\sim&\approx&\subset&\supset&\ll&\gg&\prec&\succ\\
+1$\rm~32-47:~&\leftar&\rightar&\uparr&\downar&\leftrightar&\near&\sear&
+\simeq&\Leftar&\Rightar&\Upar&\Downar&\Leftrightar&\nwar&\swar&\propto\\
+1$\rm~48-63:~&\prime&\infty&\in&\ni&\triangle&\bigtriangledo&/&\'&
+\forall&\exists&\neg&\emptyset&\Re&\Im&\top&\bot\\
+1$\rm~64-100:~&\aleph&&\calA&4$.\,.\,.&\calZ&&\cup&\cap&
+\uplus&\wedge&\vee&\vdash&\dashv&\lfloor&\rfloor&\lceil\\
+1$\rm~101-116:~&\rceil&\lbrace&\rbrace&\langle&\rangle&\mid&\parallel&
+\updownar&\Updownar&\setminus&\wr&\surd&\amalg&\nabla&\int&\sqcup\\
+1$\rm~117-127:~&\sqcap&\sqsubseteq&\sqsupseteq&\S&\dag&\ddag&\P&\clubsuit&
+\Diamond&\Heart&\spadesuit}" alt="" border=0 align=middle> </p>
+<h3>a few other cmmi, cmr, stmary and wncyr symbols
+at mimeTeX font size 4</h3>
+<p> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{4,r$
+1$\rm~cmmi:~&\leftharpoonup&\leftharpoondo&\rightharpoonup&\rightharpoondo&
+\triangleright&\triangleleft&\star&\partial&
+\flat&\natural&\sharp&\smile&\frown&\ell&\imath&\jmath&\wp&\vec\\
+1$\rm~cmr:~&\ss&\ae&\oe&\AE&\OE \\
+1$\rm~stmary:~&\moo&\Lbag&\Rbag&\lightning&\llbracket&\rrbracket&
+\subsetpluseq&\supsetpluseq&\Yup&\Ydown\\
+1$\rm~wncyr:~&\cyr A&\cyr a&\cyr B&\cyr b&\cyr V&\cyr v&\cyr G&\cyr g&
+\cyr D&\cyr d&\cyr Dj&\cyr dj&\cyr\=E&\cyr\=e&\cyr Zh&\cyr zh}"
+alt="" border=0 align=middle> </p>
+<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+GPL
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+<h2> <a name="gpl"> (Ic) GPL License &nbsp; </a> </h2>
+<font color="black">
+<b>&quot</b><i>My grandfather once told me there are two kinds of people:<br>
+&nbsp &nbsp Those who do the work and those who take the credit.<br>
+&nbsp &nbsp He told me to try to be in the first group; there was much
+less competition.</i><b>&quot</b><br>
+Indira Gandhi, the late Prime Minister of India</font> <br>
+ <p> MimeTeX's copyright is registered by me with the US Copyright Office,
+     and I hereby license it to you under the terms and conditions of the
+     <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html" target="_top">GPL</a>.
+     There is no official support of any kind whatsoever,
+     and you use mimeTeX entirely at your own risk, with no guarantee
+     of any kind, in particular with no warranty of merchantability. </p>
+ <p> By using mimeTeX, you warrant that you have read, understood
+     and agreed to these terms and conditions, and that you <!-- are at least
+     18 years of age and --> possess the legal right and ability to enter
+     into this agreement and to use mimeTeX in accordance with it. </p>
+ <p> Hopefully, the law and ethics regarding computer programs will
+     evolve to make this kind of obnoxious banter unnecessary.
+     In the meantime, please forgive me my paranoia. </p>
+ <p> To protect your own intellectual property, I recommend
+     <a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/circs/circ1.html"
+     target="_top">Copyright&nbsp;Basics</a> from The Library of Congress,
+     in particular <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ61.html"
+     target="_top">Circular&nbsp;61</a>, Copyright Registration for
+     Computer Programs.
+     <!-- and similarly,
+     <a href="http://www.abanet.org/intelprop/comm106/106copy.html"
+     target="_top">Copyright Basics</a> from The American Bar Association. -->
+     Very briefly, download
+     <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/forms/formtxi.pdf">Form&nbsp;TX</a>
+     and follow the included instructions.
+     In principle, you automatically own the copyright
+     to anything you write the moment it's on paper.  In practice,
+     if the matter comes under dispute, the courts look _very_ favorably
+     on you for demonstrating your intent by registering the copyright.
+     For example, courts will stop unauthorized use of unregistered
+     material, but monetary damages are awarded _only_ if you
+     register the copyright before infringement occurs. </p>
+<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+SECTION II.  BUILDING MIMETEX
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+<h1> <a name="build"> (II) Building mimeTeX &nbsp; </a> </h1>
+<!-- <center> -->
+    <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
+      <tr><td><center><hr size="2">Very quickly &nbsp; --- &nbsp; download
+        <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.zip">
+        <!-- jfa <a href="ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/support/mimetex/mimetex.zip"></a> -->
+        mimetex.zip</a> and then type
+          <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
+           <tr align="left">
+            <td><img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{50}" alt="" border=0></td>
+            <td><b>unzip mimetex.zip</b> <br>
+                <b>cc -DAA mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi</b></td>
+          </tr></table>
+        &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Now <b>mv</b> mimetex.cgi to your <b>cgi-bin/</b>
+        directory, and you're all done. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br>
+        Read the rest of this section for more detailed
+        information.<hr size="2"></center></td>
+      <td><img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{150}" alt="" border=0></td>
+     </tr></table>
+<!-- </center> -->
+<p> I've built and run mimeTeX under Linux and NetBSD using gcc. The source
+    code is ansi-standard C, and should compile and run under all
+    environments without change.  Instructions below
+    are for Unix.  Modify them as necessary for your particular situation
+    (note the -DWINDOWS switch if applicable). </p>
+<h2> <a name="compile"> (IIa) Download and Compile &nbsp; </a> </h2>
+ <p> The steps needed to download and compile mimeTeX are </p>
+  <ul>
+   <li> Download and unzip
+        <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.zip">
+        <!-- jfa <a href="ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/support/mimetex/mimetex.zip"></a> -->
+        mimetex.zip</a> in any convenient working directory.
+        Your working directory should now contain <center>
+        <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
+         <tr><td width=100>README</td> <td>mimeTeX release notes</td></tr>
+         <tr><td>LICENSE</td>    <td>GPL license, under which you may use
+                                     mimeTeX</td></tr>
+         <tr><td>mimetex.c</td>  <td>mimeTeX source program and all required
+                                     functions</td></tr>
+         <tr><td>mimetex.h</td>  <td>header file for mimetex.c (and for
+                                     gfuntype.c)</td></tr>
+         <tr><td>gfuntype.c</td> <td>parses output from <b>gftype -i</b>
+                                     and writes bitmap data</td></tr>
+         <tr><td>texfonts.h</td> <td>output from several <b>gfuntype</b> runs,
+                                     needed by mimetex.c</td></tr>
+         <tr><td>gifsave.c</td>  <td>gif library by Sverre H. Huseby
+                                     <a href="http://shh.thathost.com"
+                                     target="_top">http://shh.thathost.com</a>
+                                     </td></tr>
+         <tr><td>mimetex.html</td> <td>this file, the mimeTeX
+                                     user's manual</td></tr>
+        </table></center>
+        &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+          Note: all files use Unix line termination, i.e., linefeeds
+        (without carriage returns) signal line endings. Conversion for
+        Windows PC's, Macs, VMS, etc, can usually be accomplished by
+        unzip's&nbsp;-a option, i.e.,  unzip&nbsp;-a&nbsp;mimetex.zip
+        <br> <br> </li>
+   <li> To compile an executable that emits anti-aliased gif images
+        (which is recommended for most uses), just type the following
+        command from the Unix shell <br>
+        &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+          <b>cc -DAA mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi</b> </li>
+   <li> Or, to compile an executable that emit gif images
+        without anti-aliasing <br>
+        &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+          <b>cc -DGIF mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi</b> </li>
+   <li> Alternatively, to compile an executable that emits mime xbitmaps<br>
+        &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+          <b>cc -DXBITMAP mimetex.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi</b> </li>
+   <li> Compile Notes: <ul>
+        <li> If (and only if) you're compiling a Windows executable with
+        the <b>-DAA</b> or <b>-DGIF</b> option (but not -DXBITMAP), then
+        add <b>-DWINDOWS</b>&nbsp;.  For example, <br>
+             <nobr> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <b>gcc -DAA -DWINDOWS
+             mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.exe</b> </nobr> <br>
+        The above Unix-like syntax works with
+        <a href="http://www.mingw.org" target="_top">MinGW</a> and
+        <a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/" target="_top">djgpp</a>
+        Windows compilers, but probably not with most others,
+        where it's only intended as a "template". <br>
+        &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+          Explanation: mimeTeX writes gif bytes directly to stdout, as usual
+        for cgi's.  But Windows treats stdout as a character stream,
+        interpreting any hex 0A byte as an &lt;lf&gt;, and automatically
+        preceding it with a spurious hex 0D &nbsp; &lt;cr&gt;  byte.  The
+        -DWINDOWS switch compiles in a non-portable, Windows-specific
+        _setmode() call that sets stdout to binary mode. </li>
+        <li> If you're compiling for Windows and would prefer
+        to install mimeTeX as a Win32 DLL, see the
+        <a href="http://www.codeproject.com/dotnet/Eq2Img.asp">
+        Code&nbsp;Project</a> developed by
+        <a href="http://www.shitalshah.com">Shital&nbsp;Shah</a>, and
+        download <a href="http://www.shitalshah.com/dev/eq2img_all.zip">
+        eq2img_all.zip</a> containing Shital's latest code. </li>
+        <!-- <li> If you're compiling on Sun or VMS, and see about a zillion
+        irritating warnings, try adding <b>-DSIGNEDCHAR</b>
+        (for VMS, that's cc/define=(AA,SIGNEDCHAR)&nbsp;mimetex.c) </li> -->
+        </ul> <br> </li>
+   <li> The gfuntype program is only needed if you plan to change the
+        font information in texfonts.h, as explained in
+        <a href="#fonts">Appendix IVa</a> below.
+        In that case, compile gfuntype with the command <br>
+        &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+          <b>cc gfuntype.c mimetex.c -lm -o gfuntype</b> </li>
+  </ul>
+ <p> That's all there is to compiling mimeTeX.
+     Several other optional compile-line <a href="#options">options</a>
+     available for mimetex.c are discussed below. </p>
+ <p> Immediately after compiling mimeTeX, test your new executable
+     by typing &nbsp; <b>./mimetex.cgi&nbsp;"x^2+y^2"</b> &nbsp;
+     from the Unix shell (or &nbsp; <b>mimetex&nbsp;"x^2+y^2"</b>
+     &nbsp; from the Windows Command Prompt), which should emit
+     two "ascii&nbsp;rasters" something like the following </p> <pre>
+Ascii dump of bitmap image...           Hex dump of colormap indexes...
+...........**....................**...  ..........1**1...................1**1..
+..........*..*......*...........*..*..  ..........*23*......*............*23*..
+.............*......*..............*..  .............*......*...............*..
+....****.....*......*.....*..*.....*..  ...1****....2*......*.....2*..*....2*..
+...*.*.*....*.......*....**..*....*...  ...*.*.*...1*.......*.....**..*...1*...
+.....*.....*.*..********..*..*...*.*..  ....1*1...2*.*..********..3*..*..2*.*..
+.....*....****......*.....*..*..****..  ....2*2...****......*......*12*..****..
+..*.*.*.............*.....*.*.........  ..*.*.*.............*......*.*2........
+...****.............*.....***.........  ..1****.............*......***.........
+....................*.......*.........  ....................*........*.........
+.........................*.*..........  ..........................*.*1.........
+.........................**...........  ..........................**1..........
+                                        The 5 colormap indexes denote rgb vals...
+                                        .-->255  1-->196  2-->186  3-->177  *-->0</pre>
+    <p class="continue"> <b>(</b>The right-hand illustration shows asterisks
+    in the same positions as the left-hand one, along with anti-aliased
+    grayscale colormap indexes assigned to neighboring pixels, and with
+    the rgb value for each index.<b>)</b>  Just typing <b>./mimetex.cgi</b>
+    without an argument should produce ascii rasters for the default
+    expression <b>f(x)=x^2</b>.  If you see these two ascii rasters then
+    your binary's good.  Otherwise, you must find and fix the problem
+    before proceeding. </p>
+<h2> <a name="install"> (IIb) Install &nbsp; </a> </h2>
+ <p> Once you've successfully tested mimetex.cgi from the Unix shell
+     (or mimetex.exe from the Windows Command Prompt),
+     the steps needed to install mimeTeX are </p>
+  <ul>
+   <li> <b>mv</b> mimetex.cgi &nbsp; (or <b>move</b> mimetex.exe) &nbsp;
+        to your server's <b>cgi-bin/</b> directory, wherever cgi
+        programs are expected. </li>
+   <li> Now you may need to <b>chmod&nbsp;755&nbsp;mimetex.cgi</b> &nbsp;
+        and/or <b>chown</b> it, too, depending on your server's
+        requirements.  Contact your system administrator or ISP
+        if you're not already familiar with this information. </li>
+   <li> Once mimetex.cgi is moved to your server's <b>cgi-bin/</b>
+        directory, with permissions and owner set as necessary,
+        you're all done. </li>
+  </ul>
+ <p> Immediately after installing mimeTeX, test your new mimetex.cgi
+     by typing a url into your browser's locator window something like <br>
+     &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+      <b>http://www.<i>yourdomain</i>.com/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?x^2+y^2</b> <br>
+     which should display &nbsp;
+     <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize x^2+y^2" alt="" border=0
+     align=middle> &nbsp; in the upper-left corner of your window,
+     just like clicking this link does, which tests my mimetex.cgi, <br>
+     &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+      <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?x^2+y^2"
+      target="_top">http://www.forkosh.com/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?x^2+y^2</a><br>
+     If you see the same &nbsp; <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+     \normalsize x^2+y^2" alt="" border=0 align=middle> &nbsp; image
+     from the <b><i>yourdomain</i></b> link, then you've completed
+     a successful mimeTeX installation. </p>
+ <p> If you don't see the image, then your installation failed.
+     If your earlier post-compilation "ascii&nbsp;raster" test
+     succeeeded, then the problem is probably some server-specific
+     installation requirement.  First make sure you installed mimetex.cgi
+     in the correct <b>cgi-bin/</b> directory, set the correct <b>chmod</b>
+     permissions, and typed the correct url into your browser's locator
+     window.  Then contact your system administrator or ISP,
+     and ask how to install cgi programs on your server. </p>
+ <p> After you've successfully installed mimeTeX, and both preceeding tests
+     have succeeded, you can optionally &quot;regression&nbsp;test&quot;
+     all mimeTeX features as follows: </p>
+      <ul>
+        <li> <b>mv</b> mimetex.html (this file) to your server's
+             <b>htdocs/</b> directory </li>
+        <li> Paths to <b>cgi-bin/</b> and <b>htdocs/</b> directories
+             are typically <b><i>path</i>/www/cgi-bin/</b> and
+             <b><i>path</i>/www/htdocs/</b>,  so I set up mimtex.html
+             to access mimetex.cgi from the relative path <b>../cgi-bin/</b>.
+             If your directories are non-conforming, you may have to edit
+             the few dozen occurrences of <b>../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi</b>
+             in your mimetex.html page.  Sometimes a suitable symlink works;
+             if not, you'll have to edit.  Globally changing
+             <b>../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi</b> usually works. </li>
+        <li> Now visit your page &nbsp;
+             <b>http://www.<i>yourdomain</i>.com/mimetex.html</b> </li>
+        <li> Once your mimetex.html displays properly, you can assume
+             everything is working, and can begin authoring html documents
+             using mimetex.cgi to render your own math. </li>
+     </ul>
+  <p> That's all there is to installing mimeTeX. </p>.
+<h2> <a name="options"> (IIc) Additional Compile-Line Options &nbsp; </a></h2>
+ <p> In addition to -DAA or -DGIF or -DXBITMAP (along with -DWINDOWS
+     when necessary) on the mimetex.c compile line, as discussed above,
+     you may also optionally include the following -D switches,
+     whose functionality is discussed below. </p>
+     <dl>
+      <dt> <b>-DAA</b> </dt>
+       <dd> As already discussed, -DAA turns on anti-aliasing.
+           It also sets default values for individual anti-aliasing
+           parameters discussed below.  If you specify -DAA
+           then you needn't specify the individual parameters unless
+           you want to override the defaults. <br>
+           &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Anti-aliasing can't be applied to mime
+           xbitmaps, so don't specify -DAA if you also specify -DXBITMAP. <br>
+           &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; And mimeTeX's anti-aliasing only works
+           well on white (or light gray) backgrounds.  Your html file
+           probably contains a &lt;body&gt; tag of the form
+           &lt;body&nbsp;bgcolor="#ffffff"&nbsp;text="#000000"&gt;
+           which specifies black text on a pure white background.
+           The background can be grayed down to maybe bgcolor="#e7e7e7",
+           but much darker will begin to show white rings around
+           mimeTeX's anti-aliased characters.  This page is displayed
+           using bgcolor="#ffffff". </dd>
+      <dt> <b>-DCENTERWT=<i>n</i> <br>
+           -DADJACENTWT=<i>j</i>  <br>
+           -DCORNERWT=<i>k</i></b> </dt>
+       <dd> MimeTeX currently provides a lowpass filtering
+           algorithm for anti-aliasing, which is applied to the
+           existing set of bitmap fonts.  This lowpass filter applies
+           weights <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+           \tiny\begin{pmatrix}1&2&1\\2&\,8\,&2\\1&2&1\end{pmatrix}"
+           alt="" border=0 align=middle> to neighboring pixels. The defaults
+           weights are CENTERWT=8, ADJACENTWT=2 and CORNERWT=1,
+           which you can adjust to control anti-aliasing. </dd>
+      <dt> <b>-DCACHEPATH=\"<i>path/</i>\"</b> </dt>
+       <dd> This option saves each rendered image to a file in directory
+           <b><i>path/</i></b>, which mimeTeX reads rather than
+           re-rendering the same image every time it's given
+           the same LaTeX expression.  Sometimes mimeTeX disables caching,
+           e.g., expressions containing <b>\input{&nbsp;}</b> are
+           re-rendered since the contents of the inputted file may have
+           changed.  If compiled without <b>-DCACHEPATH=\"<i>path/</i>\"</b>
+           mimeTeX always re-renders expressions.  This usually isn't too
+           cpu intensive, but if you have unusually high hit rates then
+           image caching may be helpful.  The <b><i>path/</i></b>
+           is relative to mimetex.cgi, and must be writable by it.
+           Files created under <b><i>path/</i></b> are named
+           <b><i>filename</i>.gif</b>, where <b><i>filename</i></b>
+           is the 32-character MD5 hash of the LaTeX expression. <br>
+           &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; When caching a new image, mimeTeX also
+           updates the file <b><i>path/</i>mimetex.log</b> containing
+           a timestamp, filename and LaTeX expression for each new file
+           created.  A sample entry looks like
+<pre>---------------------------------------------------------------------
+2004-08-07:09:00:53am            f8ccc8dd93c8eeb1d9c40b353ef781e0.gif
+\LARGE x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}
+---------------------------------------------------------------------</pre></dd>
+      <dt><b>-DDEFAULTSIZE=<i>n</i></b> </dt>
+       <dd> MimeTeX currently has eight font sizes numbered 0-7,
+           and always starts out in DEFAULTSIZE, whose default value is 3.
+           Specify -DDEFAULTSIZE=2 on the compile line if you prefer
+           mimeTeX to start in default size 2, etc. </dd>
+      <dt><b>-DDISPLAYSIZE=<i>n</i></b> </dt>
+       <dd> By default, operator limits like <b>\int_a^b</b> are rendered
+           <b>\textstyle</b> <a href="#preview">
+           <img id="displaysize1" onclick="eqntext('displaysize1')"
+           src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+           \normalsize\displaystyle\int\nolimits_a^b"
+           alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> at font sizes <b>\normalsize</b>
+           and smaller, and rendered <b>\displaystyle</b> <a href="#preview">
+           <img id="displaysize2" onclick="eqntext('displaysize2')"
+           src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\int_a^b"
+           alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> at font sizes <b>\large</b> and
+           larger.  This default corresponds to <b>-DDISPLAYSIZE=3</b>,
+           which you can adjust; e.g., <b>-DDISPLAYSIZE=0</b> always defaults
+           to <b>\displaystyle</b>, and <b>99</b> (or any large number)
+           always defaults to <b>\textstyle</b>.  Note that explicit
+           <b>\textstyle</b>, <b>\displaystyle</b>, <b>\limits</b> or
+           <b>\nolimits</b> directives in an expression always override
+           the <b>DISPLAYSIZE</b> default. </dd>
+      <dt><b>-DGAMMA=<i>gammacorrection</i></b> </dt>
+       <dd> Applies <b><i>gammacorrection</i></b> to antialiased
+           gif images.  Default is 1.25 (rather than the standard 2.2).
+           Specify 0.0 to turn off gamma correction (1.0 makes no
+           gamma correction but doesn't actually turn it off). </dd>
+      <dt><b>-DNEWCOMMANDS=\"<i>newcommands.h</i>\"</b> </dt>
+       <dd> LaTeX-like <b>\newcommand</b>'s are available in mimeTeX,
+           via the following facility to help you define your
+           own "new&nbsp;commands" during compilation.  Edit a file named
+           newcommands.h (or any filename you specify between
+           <b>\"...\"</b>'s with the <b>-DNEWCOMMANDS=\"<i>filename</i>\"</b>
+           switch).  For newcommands _without_
+           arguments, your file should contain one or more lines
+           like the following examples:
+<pre>{ "\\iint",  NULL, "{\\int\\int}" },
+{ "\\rightleftharpoons",NULL,"{\\rightharpoonup\\atop\\leftharpoondown}" },
+{ "\\ldots", NULL, "{\\Large.\\hspace1.\\hspace1.}" },
+{ "\\cr",    NULL, "\\\\" },
+{ "\\neq",   NULL, "{\\not=}" },</pre>
+           For newcommands _without_ arguments, as illustrated above,
+           the general form of each line in your file should be &nbsp;
+<b>{&nbsp;"\\<i>command</i>",&nbsp;NULL,&nbsp;"{<i>replacement</i>}"&nbsp;},</b>
+           &nbsp; &nbsp; Don't forget a comma at the end of every line,
+           and write a double&nbsp;backslash&nbsp;<b>\\</b>
+           between quotes&nbsp;<b>"...\\..."</b> wherever you actually
+           want a single&nbsp;backslash&nbsp;<b>\</b>.  The only effect
+           of the above examples (without arguments) is simple string
+           substitution, i.e.,  every occurrence of <b>\<i>command</i></b>
+           is replaced by <b>{<i>replacement</i>}</b>.  Note that the
+           <b>{&nbsp;}</b>'s surrounding <b><i>replacement</i></b>
+           aren't required, but are usually a good idea (the case
+           of <b>\cr</b> illustrated above is one exception, where
+           <b>{&nbsp;}</b>'s would defeat the purpose).
+           <br> &nbsp; &nbsp; To define newcommands _with_ arguments,
+           change the <b>NULL</b> after the <b>\\<i>command</i></b>
+           to define your command's arguments as illustrated by the
+           following example:
+<pre>{ "\\lvec", "2n", "#2_1,\\cdots,#2_{#1}" },</pre>
+           In this case the <b>NULL</b> has been replaced by <b>"2n"</b>
+           (note the mandatory surrounding quotes <b>"..."</b>).  This
+           example corresponds to the similar one discussed in TLC2 on
+           page 845.  The first character inside the <b>"..."</b>s is
+           &nbsp; <b>2</b> &nbsp; indicating the number of arguments,
+           which may be <b>1</b> thru <b>9</b>.  If there are no
+           subsequent characters followng this one, then all arguments are
+           mandatory, enclosed in <b>{&nbsp;}</b>'s as usual.  Otherwise,
+           any subsequent characters signal that the first argument
+           is optional, enclosed in <b>[&nbsp;]</b>'s if given.  And
+           these subsequent characters comprise the first argument's
+           default value if it's not explicitly given.  The illustrated
+           example's first argument is optional with default value &nbsp;
+           <b>n</b> &nbsp; as shown.  In this case that's just a single
+           character, but you can write any length default you like.
+           <br> &nbsp; &nbsp; To see many additional examples, search for the
+           uppercase string NEWCOMMANDS in mimetex.c, and look below that.
+           All the above examples are already there. </dd>
+      <dt> <b>-DOPAQUE</b> </dt>
+       <dd> By default, mimeTeX renders gif images with black symbols
+           on a transparent white background.  Defining OPAQUE renders
+           images on an opaque background instead. </dd>
+      <dt> <b>-DPATHPREFIX=\"<i>path/</i>\"</b> </dt>
+       <dd> The <a href="#input">\input{&nbsp;}</a> and
+           <a href="#counter">\counter{&nbsp;}</a> commands discussed below
+           require filename arguments which, by default, point to files
+           residing in the same cgi-bin/ directory as your mimetex.cgi.
+           Moreover, for security, absolute paths with leading <b>/</b>'s
+           or <b>\</b>'s, and paths with <b>../</b>'s or <b>..\</b>'s,
+           are not permitted.  Instead, compile mimetex with PATHPREFIX
+           defined as <i>path</i><b>/</b> if you want input files in some
+           other directory.  And make sure your <i>path</i><b>/</b> ends
+           with <b>/</b> (or with <b>\</b> for Windows). </dd>
+      <dt> <b>-DPLUSBLANK &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <i>-or-</i><br>
+           -DPLUSNOTBLANK</b> </dt>
+       <dd> mimeTeX receives your LaTeX math expression as a url
+           query&nbsp;string, in which blank spaces are often encoded
+           as&nbsp;<b>%20</b> or as plus signs&nbsp;<b>+</b>, and
+           where actual plus signs are often encoded as&nbsp;<b>%2B</b>.
+           But these conventions aren't always respected,
+           and even when they are blank spaces may be either
+           <b>%20</b>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<b>+</b>.  The only ambiguity for
+           mimeTeX is whether or not to translate plus signs&nbsp;<b>+</b>
+           back to blank spaces. <br>
+           &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; If you know how your applications behave,
+           then define PLUSBLANK to always translate plus signs&nbsp;<b>+</b>
+           to blank spaces, or define PLUSNOTBLANK to never translate. <br>
+           &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Otherwise, if you define neither,
+           mimeTeX applies some common-sense rules to decide whether or
+           not to translate.  These usually work, but can't be guaranteed.
+           If your query&nbsp;string contains actual blank spaces or
+           blanks encoded as <b>%20</b>, then plus signs&nbsp;<b>+</b>
+           aren't translated.  Otherwise, if your query&nbsp;string
+           contains <b>%2B</b>, then plus signs&nbsp;<b>+</b> are
+           translated.  If neither <b>%20</b> nor <b>%2B</b>, or both
+           <b>%20</b> and <b>%2B</b>, occur in your query&nbsp;string,
+           then the situation is ambiguous.  In this case, if mimeTeX
+           finds two or more plus signs&nbsp;<b>++</b> with no intervening
+           space, then they're translated; otherwise they're not. </dd>
+      <dt> <b>-DREFERER=\"<i>domain</i>\" &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <i>-or-</i><br>
+           -DREFERER=\"<i>domain1,domain2,etc</i>\"</b> </dt>
+       <dd> Blocks mimeTeX requests from unauthorized domains that
+           are using your mimetex.cgi (hence your server's resources)
+           without permission. <br>
+           &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; If REFERER is defined, mimeTeX
+           performs a case-insensitive test of the environment variable
+           HTTP_REFERER to verify that it contains the authorized 'domain'
+           as a substring. <br>
+           &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; If given several 'domain's (second form)
+           then HTTP_REFERER must contain either 'domain1' or
+           'domain2', or etc, as a (case-insensitive) substring. <br>
+           &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; If HTTP_REFERER doesn't contain a substring
+           matching any of these domain(s), then mimeTeX emits an error
+           message image instead of the requested image.  You can manually
+           modify invalid_referer_msg, defined in function main(),
+           to personalize the error message for your own site. <br>
+           &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Finally, if HTTP_REFERER is not found as
+           an environment variable, then mimeTeX correctly generates the
+           requested image instead of generating an error. </dd>
+      <dt><b>-DSECURITY=<i>n</i></b> </dt>
+       <dd> This is essentially a "paranoid" setting that defaults
+           to a high value 999, which inhibits some optional logging
+           activity.  <b>-DCACHEPATH=<i>path</i>/</b> isn't affected,
+           since you're explicitly supplying a <b><i>path</i>/</b>
+           you want files written to.  But, for example, you must set
+           <b>-DSECURITY=5</b> (or less) to permit the <b>\counter</b>
+           command to create a new counter file.  A malicious user
+           could conceivably flood your file system by submitting
+           zillions of <b>\counter{<i>filename</i>}</b> commands
+           to mimeTeX, each with a different <b><i>filename</i></b>. </dd>
+      <dt><b>-DSMASHMARGIN=<i>n</i> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <i>-or-</i><br>
+          -DNOSMASH</b> </dt>
+       <dd> TeX typically renders an expression like
+           <b>\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}g(x)dx</b> as <a href="#preview">
+           <img id="nosmash1" onclick="eqntext('nosmash1')"
+           src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
+           \nosmash\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}g(x)dx"
+           alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>.  MimeTeX tries to remove extra
+           whitespace, rendering the same expression as <a href="#preview">
+           <img id="nosmash2" onclick="eqntext('nosmash2')"
+           src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
+           \smash\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)}dx"
+           alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> instead.
+           Compile with <b>-DNOSMASH</b> if you prefer the typical TeX
+           behavior as mimeTeX's default.  Or, to adjust the minimum
+           number of pixels between smashed symbols (default is 3),
+           compile with <b>-DSMASHMARGIN=<i>n</i></b>.
+           See <a href="#smash">Smash</a> for further discussion. </dd>
+      <dt> <b>-DWARNINGS=<i>n</i> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <i>-or-</i> <br>
+           -DNOWARNINGS</b> </dt>
+       <dd> If an expression submitted to mimeTeX contains an
+           unrecognzied escape sequence, e.g., "y=x+\abc+1", then
+           mimeTeX generates a gif image containing an embedded
+           warning in the form "y=x+[\abc?]+1".  Or, if an expression
+           contains an unrecognized character, i.e., one for which mimeTeX
+           has no corresponding bitmap, then the embedded warning is [?].
+           If you want these warnings suppressed, either <b>-DWARNINGS=0</b>
+           or <b>-DNOWARNINGS</b> on the compile line tells mimeTeX to treat
+           unrecognized/undisplayable input as white space. </dd>
+      <dt> <b>-DWHITE</b> </dt>
+       <dd>  MimeTeX usually renders black symbols on a white
+           background.  This option renders white symbols on
+           a transparent black background instead (or on an opaque
+           black background when combined with <b>-DOPAQUE</b>&nbsp;). </dd>
+     </dl>
+<h2> <a name="cmdline"> (IId) Command Line Features &nbsp; </a> </h2>
+ <p> MimeTeX usually runs from a browser, obtaining its input expression
+     from a query_string.  But you can also run mimeTeX from your Unix
+     shell, supplying all input from the command line.  This was briefly
+     illustrated above, where you were advised to test your newly-compiled
+     mimeTeX executable from the command line before installing it. </p>
+ <p> In addition to such simple testing, mimeTeX also provides some
+     possibly useful functionality from the command line.  In particular,
+     you can store a gif (or xbitmap) image of any expression to a file.
+     No syntax checking is applied to command-line arguments, so enter
+     them carefully.  (Likewise, plus signs&nbsp;<b>+</b> are never
+     translated to blank spaces, nor is any other <b>%xx</b> url decoding
+     performed on command-line arguments.) </p>
+ <p> The complete command-line syntax for mimeTeX is </p>
+     <pre>
+     ./mimetex [ -d ]            dump gif image on stdout,
+               [ -e export_file ]  or write gif image to export_file
+               [ expression      expression, e.g., "x^2+y^2",
+               | -f input_file ]   or read expression from input_file
+               [ -g1 -d ]        dump .pbm-formatted image on stdout
+               [ -g1 -e export_file ]  or write .pbm image to export_file
+               [ -g2 -d ]        dump anti-aliased .pgm image on stdout
+               [ -g2 -e export_file ]  or write .pgm image to export_file
+               [ -m msglevel ]   verbosity of debugging output
+               [ -o ]            render image with opaque background
+               [ -s fontsize ]   default fontsize, 0-5
+     -d   Rather than printing ascii debugging output, mimeTeX
+          dumps the actual gif (or xbitmap) to stdout, e.g.,
+               ./mimetex  -d  "x^2+y^2"  >  expression.gif
+          creates expression.gif containing an image of x^2+y^2
+     -e export_file   Like -d but writes the actual gif
+          (or xbitmap) directly to export_file, e.g.,
+               ./mimetex  -e expression.gif  "x^2+y^2"
+          creates file expression.gif containing an image of x^2+y^2
+     expression   Place LaTeX expression directly on command
+          line, with no -switch preceding it, as in the example
+          immediately above, or.....
+     -f input_file   .....read expression from input_file
+          (and automatically assume -d switch).  The input_file
+          may contain the expression on one line or spread out
+          over many lines.  MimeTeX will concatanate all lines
+          from input_file to construct one long expression.
+          Blanks, tabs, and newlines are just ignored.
+     -g1 -d   dumps a .pbm-formatted portable bitmap image to stdout.
+          Note that this is the bitmap image _before_ anti-aliasing.
+     -g1 -e export_file   Like -g1 -d but writes the .pbm-formatted
+          portable bitmap directly to export_file, e.g.,
+               ./mimetex  -g1 -e expression.pbm  "x^2+y^2"
+          creates file expression.pbm containing a bitmap image
+          of x^2+y^2 before anti-aliasing.
+     -g2 -d   dumps a .pgm-formatted portable graphic image to stdout.
+          Note that this is the bytemap image _after_ anti-aliasing.
+     -g2 -e export_file   Like -g2 -d but writes the .pgm-formatted
+          portable graphic image directly to export_file, e.g.,
+               ./mimetex  -g3 -e expression.pgm  "x^2+y^2"
+          creates file expression.pgm containing a bytemap image
+          of x^2+y^2 after anti-aliasing.
+     -m msglevel   0-99, controls verbosity/message level for
+          debugging output (usually used only while testing code).
+     -o   Rather than the default transparent gif background,
+          the rendered image will contain black symbols on an
+          opaque white background (or vice versa if compiled
+          with -DWHITE).  For example, if you have ImageMagick's
+          display utility,
+               ./mimetex  -o -d  "x^2+y^2" | display &
+          opens a small window containing the rendered expression.
+          (Note: if you already compiled mimeTeX with -DOPAQUE
+          then  -o  renders images on a transparent background.)
+     -s fontsize   0-7, font size.  Font size can also be specified
+          within the expression by a directive, e.g., \Large f(x)=x^2
+          displays f(x)=x^2 at font size 4, overriding -s.
+          Default font size is 3.
+     </pre>
+<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+SECTION III.  SYNTAX REFERENCE
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+<h1> <a name="reference"> (III) Syntax Reference &nbsp; </a> </h1>
+<p> Since mimeTeX's syntax is as TeX-like as possible, we'll mostly discuss
+    the occasional differences.
+    <!-- (which exist only to simplify my programming
+    task, not to impose any syntactic aesthetics of mine on you). -->
+    This section contains short paragraphs that each discuss some aspect
+    of mimeTeX where your LaTeX experience might not be precisely
+    duplicated. </p>
+<p> Anything not discussed here that still doesn't behave like you expect
+    is probably just not implemented.  That includes (La)TeX packages
+    (though a few ams commands like \begin{gather} and \begin{pmatrix}
+    are recognized), non-standard fonts, etc.  You can try out any
+    questionable syntax by <a href="#forminput">Submit</a>ting a query
+    to quickly see whether or not it works.  And you might want to
+    occasionally re-browse the <a href="#examples">Examples</a> above,
+    which may better illustrate implemented features. </p>
+<h2> <a name="spaces"> (IIIa) \unitlength{&nbsp;}, Math Spaces and Whitespace
+&nbsp; </a> </h2>
+<h3> <a name="unitlength">\unitlength<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> Lengths in mimeTeX are all ultimately expressed in number of pixels.
+     Various commands discussed below require length arguments, including </p>
+     <ul>
+       <li> <a href="#mathspace">\hspace{&nbsp;}</a> </li>
+       <li> <a href="#mathspace">\hfill{&nbsp;}</a> </li>
+       <li> <a href="#raiserotate">\raisebox{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;}</a> </li>
+       <li> <a href="#circleline">\line(&nbsp;,&nbsp;)</a> and
+            <a href="#circleline">\circle(&nbsp;,&nbsp;)</a> </li>
+       <li> <a href="#arrows">\longrightarrow[&nbsp;]</a> </li>
+     </ul> <p class="continue">
+     (the \long<i>xxx</i>arrow [&nbsp;]-arguments are optional mimeTeX
+     extensions to LaTeX) &nbsp; MimeTeX's length-type arguments never
+     take units, e.g., {10pt} and {1cm} are both invalid.  Lengths always
+     refer to number of pixels, optionally scaled by a user-specified
+     <b>\unitlength</b>. </p>
+ <p> MimeTeX's <b>\unitlength{&nbsp;}</b> command lets you specify
+     the number of pixels per "length&nbsp;unit", e.g.,
+     <b>\unitlength{10}&nbsp;\hspace{2.5}</b> renders a 25-pixel space.
+     Both <b>\unitlength{&nbsp;}</b> and <b>\hspace{&nbsp;}</b>'s
+     length arguments may be integers or may contain decimal points.
+     Ditto for all other mimeTeX commands that take length arguments.
+     The default <b>\unitlength</b> is, you guessed it, <b>1</b>. </p>
+ <p> A specified <b>\unitlength</b> applies to all subsequent terms,
+     i.e., everything to its right.  And several <b>\unitlength</b>'s
+     may be specified in the same expression, each one overriding
+     those to its left.  But if one or more <b>\unitlength</b>'s
+     appear within a <b>{&nbsp;}</b>-enclosed subexpression, then terms
+     following its closing right <b>}</b> revert to the <b>\unitlength</b>
+     in effect before its opening left <b>{</b>.  For example, </p> <center>
+   <b>A\hspace{10}&nbsp;{\unitlength{2.5}B\hspace{10}C}&nbsp;\hspace{10}D</b>
+   &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+   <a href="#preview"><img id="unitlength1" onclick="eqntext('unitlength1')"
+   src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large A\hspace{10}
+   {\unitlength{2.5}B\hspace{10}C}\hspace{10}D"
+   alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
+     which has a 10-pixel space between <b>A</b>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<b>B</b>, then
+     25&nbsp;pixels between <b>B</b>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<b>C</b>, and finally
+     another 10&nbsp;pixels between <b>C</b>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<b>D</b>. </p>
+<h3> <a name="mathspace">Math Spaces<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> Except inside <a href="#textboxes">text&nbsp;boxes</a>,
+     unescaped blanks, tildes (a&nbsp;<b>~</b>), and all other usual
+     <a href="#whitespace">whitespace</a> characters are completely
+     ignored by mimeTeX, just like they are in LaTeX math mode.
+     As usual, you must explicitly write one of the recognized math
+     spaces to put extra visible space in your rendered expressions. </p>
+ <p> MimeTeX recognizes math spaces <b>\/&nbsp;\,&nbsp;\:&nbsp;\;</b>
+     as well as <b>\quad</b> and <b>\qquad</b>&nbsp;,
+     and also a backslashed blank &nbsp;
+     <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?1$\backsl\raise{-5}{\rotate{-90}]}"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle> &nbsp;
+     (i.e.,&nbsp;a&nbsp;<b>\</b>&nbsp;followed by a blank).
+     For example, &nbsp;
+     <b>(a\/b\,c\:d\;e\&nbsp;&nbsp;f\quad&nbsp;&nbsp;g\qquad&nbsp;&nbsp;h)</b>
+     &nbsp renders &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="spacing2" onclick="eqntext('spacing2')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?(a\/b\,c\:d\;e\ f\quad g\qquad h)"
+        alt="" border=0 align="middle"></a>.
+     In mimeTeX, you may also write &nbsp; <b>\hspace{10}</b> &nbsp;
+     to insert a 10-pixel (or any other number) space, scaled by any
+     preceding <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>, as illustrated
+     just above. </p>
+ <p> For negative spaces, &nbsp; <b>\!</b> &nbsp; produces a small (two
+     pixel) negative space, e.g., &nbsp; <b>a=b</b> &nbsp; renders &nbsp;
+     <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?a=b"alt="" border=0 align="bottom">
+     &nbsp; whereas &nbsp; <b>a\!=b</b> &nbsp; renders &nbsp;
+     <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?a\!=b"alt="" border=0 align="bottom">
+     &nbsp; and &nbsp; <b>a\!\!=b</b> &nbsp; renders &nbsp;
+     <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?a\!\!=b"alt="" border=0 align="bottom">.
+     For large negative space, &nbsp; <b>\hspace{-10}</b> &nbsp; permits
+     a negative argument.  But it stops at the first pixel to its left
+     rather than "erasing" pixels.  If you don't want to stop, use
+     &nbsp; <b>\hspace*{-10}</b> &nbsp; instead. For example,
+     &nbsp; <b>ABC\hspace*{-20}-DEF</b> &nbsp; renders &nbsp;
+     <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?ABC\hspace*{-20}-DEF"
+     alt="" border=0 align="bottom">, &nbsp; erasing all of the <b>C</b>
+     and the right half of the <b>B</b>. </p>
+<!--
+ <p> Although some browsers occasionally misinterpret typed blank spaces
+     inside html query_string's, mimeTeX also recognizes escaped blanks
+     <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\backsl\raise{-5}{\rotate{-90}]}"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle> (a <b>\</b> followed by a blank) as math
+     spaces, just in case you can safely use them. </p>
+-->
+ <p> MimeTeX also supports <b>\hfill{<i>textwidth</i>}</b>, where
+     <b><i>textwidth</i></b> is roughly equivalent to LaTeX's
+     <b>\textwidth</b>, i.e., it's the total number of pixels, scaled by
+     <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>, that your entire rendered
+     expression will span.  However, if <b>\hfill{&nbsp;}</b> appears
+     within a <b>{&nbsp;}</b>-enclosed subexpression, then it applies
+     only to that subexpression.  For example, </p> <center>
+        <b>{abc \hfill{75} def} \hfill{150} ghi</b>
+        &nbsp; &nbsp; produces &nbsp; &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="mathspace1" onclick="eqntext('mathspace1')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large{abc\hfill{75}def}\hfill{150}ghi"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
+     The first/inner <b>\hfill{75}</b> inserts exactly enough whitespace so
+     that subexpression "<b><i>abc&nbsp;&nbsp;def</i></b>" spans 75 pixels.
+     Then the second/outer <b>\hfill{150}</b> inserts exactly  enough
+     whitespace so that the entire expression spans 150 pixels.
+     Without explicit <b>{&nbsp;}</b>-nesting, mimeTeX evaluates expressions
+     left-to-right (sinistrally), e.g., <b>...\hfill{150}...\hfill{75}...</b>
+     is exactly equivalent to <b>...\hfill{150}{...\hfill{75}...}</b>.
+     Notice that, this time, the second/right <b><i>textwidth</i></b>
+     argument is necessarily smaller than the first/left. </p>
+ <p> Finally, mimeTeX begins a new line whenever you write <b>\\</b>&nbsp;.
+     And you may optionally write <b>\\[10]</b> to put a 10-pixel (or any
+     other number) vertical space, scaled by
+     <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>, between lines.
+     <a href="#array">\begin{eqnarray}</a> also splits long
+     equations over several lines, as illustrated by
+     <a href="#example10">Example&nbsp;10</a> above.
+     But when that's not the best solution, you can also write,
+     for example, </p> <center>
+        <b>y=a+b+c+d\\\hspace{50}+e+f+g+h</b>
+        &nbsp; &nbsp; to produce &nbsp; &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="mathspace2" onclick="eqntext('mathspace2')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large y=a+b+c+d\\\hspace{50}+e+f+g+h"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+ <p> However, mimeTeX can't correctly handle automatically-sized delimiters
+     across linebreaks, e.g., </p> <center>
+        <b>y=\left\{a+b+c+d\\\hspace{50}+e+f+g+h\right\}</b>
+        &nbsp; &nbsp; produces &nbsp; &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="mathspace3" onclick="eqntext('mathspace3')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large y=\{a+b+c+d\\
+        \hspace{50}+e+f+g+h\}" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> <br>
+	whereas you probably wanted &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="mathspace4" onclick="eqntext('mathspace4')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large y=\big{a+b+c+d\\
+        \hspace{50}+e+f+g+h\big}" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>
+        </center> <p class="continue">
+     which I produced using <b>\big{...\\...\big}</b> instead
+     of <b>\left\{...\\...\right\}</b>.  Expressions of the
+     form <b>\left...\right&nbsp;\\&nbsp;\left...\right</b> should all be
+     rendered  properly.  It's only <b>\left...\\...\right</b> that will
+     look odd. </p>
+<h3> <a name="whitespace">Whitespace, Comments,
+and some other characters<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> Some browsers occasionally misinterpret typed blank spaces
+     inside html query_string's.  In that case, you can write
+     tildes (a&nbsp;<b>~</b>) wherever blanks are required or desired,
+     e.g., <b>\alpha~w</b> instead of <b>\alpha&nbsp;w</b>, or
+     <b>\frac~xy</b> or <b>\sqrt~z</b>, etc.  MimeTeX correctly
+     interprets both blanks and <b>~</b>'s, and all
+     other usual whitespace characters.  So use whatever's convenient
+     as long as it's correctly interpreted inside query_string's by your
+     browser. </p>
+ <p> Similarly, some browsers occasionally misinterpret linebreaks/newlines
+     inside the middle of long html query_string's.
+     For example, </p>
+<pre>&lt;img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=\frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}}
+ \int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sig^2}}dt"
+ alt="" border=0 align=middle&gt; </pre><p class="continue">
+     breaks a long query_string over two lines.  If your browser interprets
+     this correctly, then mimeTeX will render it correctly, too.  Otherwise,
+     you'll have to enter long expressions on one big long line. </p>
+ <p> If you can break long query_string's over several lines, then you may
+     find mimeTeX's <b>%%comments%%</b> feature useful, too.  Note that
+     comments must be preceded <i>and&nbsp;followed</i> by two <b>%</b>'s
+     rather than LaTeX's usual one.  The above example could be written </p>
+<pre>&lt;img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=\frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}} %%normalization%%
+ \int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sig^2}}dt        %%integral%%"
+ alt="" border=0 align=middle&gt; </pre>
+ <p> Besides whitespace, browsers may misinterpret embedded apostrophes,
+     and especially quotes, within query strings.  The <b>a's</b> and
+     <b>b's</b> in <a href="#example7">Example&nbsp;7</a> above actually use
+     superscripted commas for apostrophes, i.e., <b>a^,s</b> and <b>b^,s</b>,
+     and you can also use LaTeX <b>\prime</b>'s, as in <b>a^\prime&nbsp;s</b>.
+     For quotes, you can use <b>^{,,}</b> since <b>"</b> almost certainly
+     won't work.  To help make things easier, in addition to the usual
+     LaTeX <b>\prime</b>, mimeTeX also recognizes <b>\apostrophe</b> and
+     <b>\quote</b> and <b>\percent</b>, all with the obvious meanings. </p>
+<h2> <a name="symbols"> (IIIb) Math Symbols, Sizes, and Modes &nbsp; </a></h2>
+<h3> <a name="characters">Character Sets<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> For complete information about the characters and math symbols
+     available in mimeTeX, you'll need to browse through the bottom
+     500-or-so lines of <b>mimetex.h</b>.  And several additional
+     symbols like <b>\ldots</b> and <b>\AA</b> and <b>\hbar</b> are
+     defined by the mimeTeX preprocessor, function <b>mimeprep(&nbsp;)</b>
+     in <b>mimetex.c</b> &nbsp; &nbsp; Generally speaking, I've tried to
+     encode the cmr10, cmmi10, cmmib10, cmsy10, cmex10, bbold10, rsfs10,
+     stmary10 and wncyr10 families with "names", e.g., <b>\alpha \beta
+     \forall \sqcup</b>, etc, identical to your LaTeX expectations.
+     For example, the calligraphic symbols in cmsy10 are accessed by
+     writing <b>\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{XYZ}</b>.  Similarly,
+     write <b>\mathbf{A}</b> for the cmmib fonts, write <b>\mathscr{A}</b>
+     for rsfs10, write <b>\mathbb{R}</b> for bbold10, and write
+     <b>{\cyr&nbsp;Khrushchev}</b> or <b>\cyr{Khrushchev}</b> to see
+     <a href="#preview"><img id="cyrillic1" onclick="eqntext('cyrillic1')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\cyr Khrushchev"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>.
+     Most LaTeX distributions supply stmaryrd.dvi and stmaryrd.sty
+     that both document the names of the stmary10 symbols.
+     Similarly, amsfndoc.dvi documents the names of the wncyr10
+     cyrillic symbols and ligatures. </p>
+     <!-- But there are various additions and omissions and exceptions
+     vis-a-vis LaTeX.  For example, </p>
+      <ul>
+        <li> "Large" operators like \int are often also available as
+             \Bigint, and similarly for \sum \prod \cup \cap, etc.
+             If you find a \Bigxxx in mimetex.h then you'll also find the
+             corresponding \xxx.  \Bigxxx operators are somewhat larger
+             than their \xxx counterparts, and they automatically render
+             super/subscripts in <a href="#modes">displaystyle</a>. </li>
+      </ul> -->
+ <p> I haven't exhaustively checked all the name-number matchings for
+     the hundreds of symbols in mimetex.h.  You can eaily correct
+     any minor mistake you find in what I hope is an obvious manner.
+     The fonts <a href="#fonts">Appendix&nbsp;IVa</a> below provides
+     additional information. </p>
+ <p> In addition to extra LaTeX symbols like <b>\ldots</b>, <b>\AA</b>
+     and <b>\hbar</b>, mentioned above, the mimeTeX preprocessor
+     <b>mimeprep(&nbsp;)</b> also recognizes various html special
+     characters like <b>&amp;lt;</b>, <b>&amp;gt;</b>, <b>&amp;nbsp;</b>,
+     <b>&amp;quot;</b>, <b>&amp;amp;</b>, etc.  Some web tools apparently
+     translate characters like, e.g., <b>&gt;</b> to <b>&amp;gt;</b>,
+     even inside quoted query_string's, so mimeTeX's preprocessor
+     translates them back to LaTeX symbols for you.  Moreover, html
+     misinterprets quotes &nbsp;<b>&quot;</b>&nbsp; inside a quoted
+     query string as the end of the query string.  So, for example,
+     the cyrillic ligature <b>\&quot;E</b> has to be written in the
+     even more cumbersome form <b>\&amp;quot;E</b> inside a query
+     string. </p>
+<h3> <a name="sizes">Font Sizes<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> MimeTeX currently has eight font sizes, numbered 0-7, with default 3.
+     This font size numbering corresponds to the usual LaTeX directives
+     &nbsp; <b>\tiny</b>, &nbsp; <b>\small</b>, &nbsp; <b>\normalsize</b>,
+     &nbsp; <b>\large</b> (default), &nbsp; <b>\Large</b>, &nbsp;
+     <b>\LARGE</b>, &nbsp; <b>\huge</b> and <b>\Huge</b>.
+     These directives can be placed anywhere in a mimeTeX expression,
+     and they change font size from that point forwards.  However, as usual,
+     a font size change inside a <b>{&nbsp;}</b>-subexpression remains
+     in effect only within that subexpression. </p>
+ <p> In mimeTeX you may also write <b>\fontsize{0}...\fontsize{7}</b> or
+     the shorter <b>\fs{0},...,\fs{7}</b> for <b>\tiny,...,\Huge</b>.
+     And since these arguments are all single digits, the even shorter
+     form <b>\fs0,...,\fs7</b> works equally well.  For example, </p>
+     <center> <table cellpadding=0>
+      <tr align=center>
+        <td align="left"> <b>0</b>: &nbsp;
+         &lt;img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b>\tiny</b> f(x)=x^2"&gt;
+         &nbsp; produces... </td>
+        <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes0" onclick="eqntext('sizes0')"
+             src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\tiny f(x)=x^2"
+             alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
+      <tr align=center>
+        <td align="left"> <b>1</b>: &nbsp;
+         &lt;img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b>\fs1</b> f(x)=x^2"&gt; </td>
+        <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes1" onclick="eqntext('sizes1')"
+             src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\fs1 f(x)=x^2"
+             alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
+      <tr align=center>
+        <td align="left"> <b>2</b>: &nbsp;
+         &lt;img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b>\normalsize</b> f(x)=x^2"&gt; </td>
+        <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes1" onclick="eqntext('sizes1')"
+             src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize f(x)=x^2"
+             alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
+      <tr align=center>
+        <td align="left"> <b>3</b>: &nbsp;
+         &lt;img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b></b>f(x)=x^2"&gt; </td>
+        <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes3" onclick="eqntext('sizes3')"
+             src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=x^2"
+             alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
+      <tr align=center>
+        <td align="left"> <b>4</b>: &nbsp;
+         &lt;img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b>\Large</b> f(x)=x^2"&gt; </td>
+        <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes4" onclick="eqntext('sizes4')"
+             src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large f(x)=x^2"
+             alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
+      <tr align=center>
+        <td align="left"> <b>5</b>: &nbsp;
+         &lt;img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b>\fs5</b> f(x)=x^2"&gt; </td>
+        <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes5" onclick="eqntext('sizes5')"
+             src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\fs5f(x)=x^2"
+             alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
+      <tr align=center>
+        <td align="left"> <b>6</b>: &nbsp;
+         &lt;img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b>\huge</b> f(x)=x^2"&gt; </td>
+        <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes6" onclick="eqntext('sizes6')"
+             src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\huge f(x)=x^2"
+             alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
+      <tr align=center>
+        <td align="left"> <b>7</b>: &nbsp;
+         &lt;img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b>\fs7</b> f(x)=x^2"&gt; </td>
+        <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes7" onclick="eqntext('sizes7')"
+             src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\fs7 f(x)=x^2"
+             alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
+     </table> </center> <p class="continue">
+     rendering <b>f(x)=x^2</b> in mimeTeX font sizes &nbsp;
+     <b>0</b> (\tiny or \fs0), &nbsp; <b>1</b> (\small or \fs1), &nbsp;
+     <b>2</b> (\normalsize or \fs2), &nbsp; <b>3</b> (default \large), &nbsp;
+     <b>4</b> (\Large or \fs4), &nbsp; <b>5</b> (\LARGE or \fs5), &nbsp;
+     <b>6</b> (\huge or \fs6) &nbsp; and &nbsp; <b>7</b> (\Huge or \fs7). </p>
+ <p> You'll soon notice that exponents and \frac's and \atop's
+     are automatically rendered one size smaller than their base
+     expressions.  For example, </p> <center>
+        <b>\Large y=e^{x^2}</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes4" onclick="eqntext('sizes4')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large y=e^{x^2}"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
+     rendering the <b>"y=e"</b> in font size 4 (\Large), the <b>"x"</b> in
+     font size 3 (\large), and the <b>"2"</b> in font size 2 (\normalsize).
+     If you get below font size 0, the font size remains&nbsp;0. </p>
+ <p> Explicit size declarations override mimeTeX's default sizing behavior.
+     You can rewrite the preceding example as, say, </p> <center>
+        <b>\Large y=e^{\normalsize x^{\tiny2}}</b> &nbsp; which now produces
+        &nbsp; <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes5" onclick="eqntext('sizes5')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large y=e^{\normalsize x^{\tiny2}}"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
+     rendering the <b>"y=e"</b> in font size 4 (\Large unchanged),
+     the <b>"x"</b> in font size 2 (\normalsize), and the <b>"2"</b>
+     in font size&nbsp;0 (\tiny). </p>
+ <p> Preceding an <b>\fs{&nbsp;}</b> size argument with <b>+</b> or
+     <b>-</b> specifies "relative" sizing.  For example,
+     <b>\large\text{abc{\fs{-2}def}ghi}</b> produces
+     <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes6" onclick="eqntext('sizes6')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\text{abc{\fs{-2}def}ghi}"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>, rendering the <b>"def"</b>
+     in font size 1 (two sizes smaller than \large).  Note that
+     <b>\fs{-2}</b> affects only the subexpression in which it appears,
+     and that its braces  are no longer optional since <b>-2</b> contains
+     two characters.  For exponents (or any other size-changing commands
+     like \frac), </p> <center>
+        <b>\Large y=e^{\fs{-1}x^2}</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes7" onclick="eqntext('sizes7')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large y=e^{\fs{-1}x^2}"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
+     rendering the <b>"y=e"</b> in font size 4 (\Large), as usual.
+     The <b>"x"</b> would usually be rendered one size smaller,
+     in font size 3, and your <b>\fs{-1}</b> is applied to that,
+     resulting in font size 2.   And the final <b>"2"</b> is rendered,
+     by the usual rules, one size smaller than the <b>"x"</b>,
+     in font size&nbsp;1. </p>
+<h3> <a name="modes">Modes<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> MimeTeX is always in a math-like mode, so you needn't surround
+     expressions with <b>$...$</b>'s for <b>\textstyle</b>,
+     or <b>$$...$$</b>'s for <b>\displaystyle</b>.
+     <!-- or <b>\[...\]</b>'s, etc.  In fact, mimeTeX interprets <b>$</b>
+     as a "preamble" terminator (e.g., see <a href="#array">\array</a>
+     below), and interprets <b>\[...\]</b> as an abbreviation for
+     <b>\left[...\right]</b>. -->
+     By default, operator limits like <b>\int_a^b</b> are rendered
+     <b>\textstyle</b> <a href="#preview">
+     <img id="modes99a" onclick="eqntext('modes99a')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\int_a^b"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> at font sizes <b>\normalsize</b>
+     and smaller, and rendered <b>\displaystyle</b> <a href="#preview">
+     <img id="modes99b" onclick="eqntext('modes99b')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\int_a^b"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> at font sizes <b>\large</b> and
+     larger (see the <b>-DDISPLAYSIZE</b>
+     <a href="#options">compile&nbsp;option</a> to change this default).
+     And when <b>\displaystyle</b> is invoked (either implicitly at font size
+     <b>\large</b> or larger, or if you explicitly write <b>\displaystyle</b>
+     at any font size), then operators <b>\int</b>, <b>\sum</b>,
+     <b>\prod</b>, etc, are automatically promoted to larger sizes.
+     <!-- their <a href="#characters">\Bigxxx</a> counterparts. -->
+     <!-- Conversely, <b>\displaystyle</b> is applied to all
+     <a href="#characters">\Bigxxx</a> operators regardless of font size. -->
+     <!-- i.e., super/subscripts are placed  directly above/below
+     <b>\Bigsum</b>, but "alongside" <b>\sum</b>. -->
+     For example, </p> <center>
+        <!-- <b>\Bigsum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="modes1a" onclick="eqntext('modes1a')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+        \normalsize\Bigsum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>, <br> -->
+        <b>\normalsize \sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2</b>
+        &nbsp; &nbsp; produces &nbsp; &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="modes2a" onclick="eqntext('modes2a')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>, &nbsp; whereas <br>
+        <b>\displaystyle \normalsize \sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2</b>
+        &nbsp;produces&nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="modes1b" onclick="eqntext('modes1b')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+        \normalsize\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>, </center>
+     <p class=continue> and <!-- replacing <b>\Bigsum</b> with the smaller
+     <b>\sum</b> symbol, --> </p> <center>
+        <b>\large \sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="modes1b" onclick="eqntext('modes1b')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>, &nbsp; whereas <br>
+        <b>\textstyle \large \sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2</b>
+        &nbsp; &nbsp; produces &nbsp; &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="modes2b" onclick="eqntext('modes2b')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\textstyle\large
+        \sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>.
+        <!-- &nbsp; instead. --> </center>
+ <p> As usual, <b>\nolimits</b> turns displaystyle off (or textstyle on)
+     for the operator immediately preceding it.  For example, </p> <center>
+        <b>\large \sum\nolimits_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2</b>
+        &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="modes3" onclick="eqntext('modes3')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+        \large\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a></center> <p class="continue">
+     and likewise, <b>\limits</b> turns displaystyle on for the operator
+     immediately preceding it.  For example, </p> <center>
+        <b>\normalsize \sum\limits_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2</b>
+        &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="modes4" onclick="eqntext('modes4')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+        \normalsize\sum\limits_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+ <p> By the way, <b>\limits</b> affects <i><b>_any_</b></i> character
+     or subexpression immediately preceding it.  For example, </p> <center>
+        <b>A^i_j</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="modes5" onclick="eqntext('modes5')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large A^i_j"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp; &nbsp; as usual, whereas <br>
+        <b>A\limits^i_j</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="modes6" onclick="eqntext('modes6')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large A\limits^i_j"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp; instead. </center>
+     <p class="continue">Likewise, for subexpressions, </p> <center>
+        <b>\widehat{xyz}\limits^a</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="modes7" onclick="eqntext('modes7')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\widehat{xyz}\limits^a"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
+     This side effect may occasionally be useful.  For example, </p> <center>
+        <b>x\rightarrow\limits^gy</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="modes8" onclick="eqntext('modes8')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large x\rightarrow\limits^gy"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
+     (mimeTeX automatically centers super/subscripts above/below
+     the long and Long <a href="#arrows">arrow</a> forms) </p>
+ <p> The <b>\displaystyle</b> command turns on displaystyle math mode for
+     the entire expression (or <b>{&nbsp;}</b>-enclosed subexpression),
+     affecting <b><i>_all_</i></b> super/subscripts to the right
+     of the \displaystyle, except for character classes Ordinary and
+     Variable (TeXbook page 154).  Similarly, <b>\textstyle</b> turns
+     off displaystyle math mode.  For example, </p> <center>
+        <b>\sum_1^n {\displaystyle\sum_1^k\sum_1^lx_i^j} \sum_1^m</b>
+        &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="modes9" onclick="eqntext('modes9')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sum_1^n
+        {\displaystyle\sum_1^k\sum_1^lx_i^j}\sum_1^m"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
+     Note that <b>\sum</b>'s within the subexpression are all affected by
+     the beginning <b>\displaystyle</b>, but not the Variable <b>x_i^j</b>.
+     An explicit <b>x\limits_i^j</b> always affects any preceding term. </p>
+<h3> <a name="textboxes">text boxes<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> Finally, mimeTeX also has a text-like/roman mode
+     entered by writing either <b>\text{anything&nbsp;at&nbsp;all}</b>
+     or the equivalent LaTeX-2.09-like command
+     <b>{\rm&nbsp;anything&nbsp;at&nbsp;all}</b>, both of which render
+     <b>anything&nbsp;at&nbsp;all</b> in roman (font family cmr10).
+     <b>\mbox{&nbsp;}</b> and several similar LaTeX commands are
+     recognized by mimeTeX as synonyms for <b>\text{&nbsp;}</b>.
+     For italic, write <b>\textit{anything&nbsp;at&nbsp;all}</b> or
+     <b>{\it&nbsp;anything&nbsp;at&nbsp;all}</b>, both of which render
+     <b>anything&nbsp;at&nbsp;all</b> in italic (font family cmmi10).
+     All four forms respect spaces between words, except that the
+     first/required  space after <b>{\rm&nbsp;etc}</b> and
+     <b>{\it&nbsp;etc}</b> is still ignored.  <!-- Math <b>$...$</b>
+     subexpressions inside <b>\mbox{&nbsp;}</b> or <b>\text{&nbsp;}</b>
+     are treated in the usual way. -->  For example, </p> <center>
+        <b>anything&nbsp;at&nbsp;all</b> &nbsp; just produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="textboxes1" onclick="eqntext('textboxes1')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize anything at all"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp; &nbsp; whereas <br> <br>
+        <b>\text{anything&nbsp;at&nbsp;all}</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="textboxes2" onclick="eqntext('textboxes2')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\text{anything at all}"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp; &nbsp; and <br> <br>
+        <b>\textit{anything&nbsp;at&nbsp;all}</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="textboxes3" onclick="eqntext('textboxes3')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\textit{anything at all}"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp; &nbsp; instead. </center>
+ <p> You don't usually surround mimeTeX expressions with <b>$</b>'s,
+     but that works in the usual way for <b>\text{&nbsp;}</b> and
+     <b>\mbox{&nbsp;}</b>, rendering the <b>$...$</b>-enclosed
+     subexpression in mathmode.  For example, </p> <center>
+        <b>n=\left\{m/2\text{&nbsp; &nbsp; if $m$ even}
+        \\(m+1)/2\text{&nbsp; if $m$ odd}\right.</b>
+        &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="textboxes9" onclick="eqntext('textboxes9')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+        n=\left\{m/2\text{    if $m$ even}\\(m+1)/2\text{ if $m$ odd}\right."
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+<h2> <a name="delimiters"> (IIIc) Delimiters &nbsp; </a> </h2>
+<h3> <a name="parens">Parentheses and Braces
+(delimiters)<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> LaTeX's <b>\left(&nbsp;...&nbsp;\right)</b> and the other 21
+     standard LaTeX delimiters are also recognized by mimeTeX.
+     And mimeTeX also recognizes an etex-like <b>\middle</b>. &nbsp;
+     <!-- may be written exactly
+     like that, or may be abbreviated <b>\(</b> and <b>\)</b> in mimeTeX.
+     Not all <b>\left</b> and <b>\right</b> LaTeX delimiters are currently
+     available in mimeTeX, but those that are can be written in the usual
+     way, or can be abbreviated as described above.  One exception is
+     that <b>\left\|...\right\|</b> must instead be abbreviated
+     <b>\=...\=</b> or can be written in full <b>\left\|...\right\|</b>
+     as usual.  Also, <b>\left\langle...\right\rangle</b> is abbreviated
+     <b>\&lt;...\&gt;</b>&nbsp;. </p> -->
+     <!-- <p> Mixing abbreviated and unabbreviated delimiters within
+     a matching pair is not allowed, e.g., \left(...\) <b>_won't_</b> work.
+     But you can mix nested pairs, e.g., <b>\left(...\(...\)...\right)</b>
+     will work as long as the matching delimiters comprising each pair are
+     either both abbreviated or both unabbreviated. </p>
+     <p> --> Several of the most common automatically sized delimiters
+     are illustrated below... </p> <center>
+       <!-- <table cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 border=1> -->
+       <table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1>
+        <tr align=center>
+           <!-- <td> <b>LaTeX or <br> mimeTeX</b> </td> -->
+           <td> <b>Delimiter</b> </td>
+           <!-- <td> <b>or mimeTeX <br> abbreviation</b> </td> -->
+           <td> <b>example...</b> </td>
+           <td> <b>...renders</b> </td>
+        </tr>
+        <tr align=center>
+           <td> \left(&nbsp;...&nbsp;\right) </td>
+           <!-- <td> \(&nbsp;...&nbsp;\) </td> -->
+           <td> \left( \frac1{1-x^2} \right)^2 </td>
+           <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens1" onclick="eqntext('parens1')"
+                 src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\left(\frac1{1-x^2}\right)^2"
+                 alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+        </tr>
+        <tr align=center>
+           <td> \left[&nbsp;...&nbsp;\right] </td>
+           <!-- <td> \[&nbsp;...&nbsp;\] </td> -->
+           <td> \left[ \frac1{\sqrt2}x - y \right]^n </td>
+           <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens2" onclick="eqntext('parens2')"
+                 src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large
+                 \left[ \frac1{\sqrt2}x - y \right]^n"
+                 alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+        </tr>
+        <tr align=center>
+           <td> \left\{&nbsp;...&nbsp;\right\} </td>
+           <!-- <td> \{&nbsp;...&nbsp;\} </td> -->
+           <td> \left\{ 1^2,2^2,3^2,\ldots \right\} </td>
+           <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens3" onclick="eqntext('parens3')"
+                 src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+                 \large\left\{1^2,2^2,3^2,\ldots\right\}"
+                 alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+        </tr>
+        <tr align=center>
+           <td> \left\langle &nbsp; ...<br>
+                &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ... &nbsp;\right\rangle </td>
+           <!-- <td> \<&nbsp;...&nbsp;\> </td> -->
+           <td> \left\langle \varphi \middle| \hat H <br>
+                &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \middle| \phi \right\rangle </td>
+           <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens4" onclick="eqntext('parens4')"
+                 src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large
+                 \left\langle\varphi\middle|\hat H\middle|\phi\right\rangle"
+                 alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+        </tr>
+        <tr align=center>
+           <td> \left|&nbsp;...&nbsp;\right| </td>
+           <!-- <td> \|&nbsp;...&nbsp;\| </td> -->
+           <td> \left| \begin{matrix} a_1 & a_2 \\<br>
+                &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; a_3 & a_4 \end{matrix} \right|</td>
+           <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens5" onclick="eqntext('parens5')"
+                 src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large
+                 \left|\begin{matrix}a_1&a_2\\a_3&a_4\end{matrix}\right|"
+                 alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+        </tr>
+        <tr align=center>
+           <td> \left\|&nbsp;...&nbsp;\right\| </td>
+           <!-- <td> \=&nbsp;...&nbsp;\= </td> -->
+           <td> \left\|x^2-y^2\right\| </td>
+           <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens6" onclick="eqntext('parens6')"
+                 src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\left\|x^2-y^2\right\|"
+                 alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+        </tr>
+        <tr align=center>
+           <td> \left\{&nbsp;...&nbsp;
+                \right<font size="5"><b>.</b></font> </td>
+           <!-- <td> \{&nbsp;...&nbsp;\<b>.</b> </td> -->
+           <td> y=\left\{ \text{this\\that}
+                \right<font size="5"><b>.</b></font> </td>
+           <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens7" onclick="eqntext('parens7')"
+                 src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+                 \large y=\left\{\text{this\\that}\right."
+                 alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+        </tr>
+        <tr align=center>
+           <td> \left<font size="5"><b>.</b></font>
+                &nbsp;...&nbsp;\right\} </td>
+           <!-- <td> \<b>.</b>&nbsp;...&nbsp;\} </td> -->
+           <td> \left<font size="5"><b>.</b></font>
+                \text{this\\that} \right\}=y </td>
+           <td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens8" onclick="eqntext('parens8')"
+                 src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+                 \large\left.\text{this\\that}\right\}=y"
+                 alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
+        </tr>
+       </table> </center>
+ <p> <b><u>Notes...&nbsp;</u></b> </p>
+     <ol compact type=1>
+       <!-- <li> The other LaTeX delimiters, i.e., floor's, ceil's,
+            arrows, etc, can't yet be sized to fit. </li> -->
+       <li> <a href="#sizes">Size&nbsp;declarations</a> inside any of the
+            above delimiter pairs affect only the enclosed subexpression,
+            e.g., <b>\Large w=\left(\small x+y\right)+z</b> produces
+            <a href="#preview"><img id="parens9" onclick="eqntext('parens9')"
+            src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large w=\left(\small x+y\right)+z"
+            alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </li>
+       <li> An expression may contain as many etex-like <b>\middle</b>'s as
+            you like, and in mimeTeX the surrounding <b>\left...\right</b>
+            isn't required.  When omitted, the scope of <b>\middle</b> is
+            either the entire expression or the &nbsp; <b>{&nbsp;}</b>-enclosed
+            subexpression in which the <b>\middle</b>'s occur.  For example, &nbsp;
+            <b>\frac{a+1}b&nbsp;\middle/&nbsp;\middle(\frac{c+1}d&nbsp;\middle/&nbsp;\frac{e+1}f\middle)</b>
+            &nbsp; renders &nbsp;
+            <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large
+            \frac{a+1}b\middle/\middle(\frac{c+1}d\middle/\frac{e+1}f\middle)"
+            border=0 align=middle>. </li>
+       <li> In the last two examples, note that mimeTeX recognizes the
+            &nbsp; <b>\\</b> &nbsp; in &nbsp; <b>\text{this\\that}</b> &nbsp;
+            as a linebreak.  For example, <b>x=1\\y=2\\z=3</b> renders &nbsp;
+            <a href="#preview"><img id="parens9b" onclick="eqntext('parens9b')"
+            src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small x=1\\y=2\\z=3"
+            alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </li>
+       <!-- <li> An abbreviated left delimiter must be paired with the same
+            "type" of matching right delimiter, e.g., <b>\[...\]</b> works
+            whereas <b>\[...\)</b> doesn't work.  To render an "unmatched"
+            pair of delimiters you must use the unabbreviated form, e.g.,
+            <b>\left[...\right)</b> works fine. </li> -->
+       <!-- <li> Similarly, "unusual" delimiter abbreviations like
+            <b>\)...\(</b> also don't work in mimeTeX.  That is, &nbsp;
+            <b>(,&nbsp;[,&nbsp;&lt;,&nbsp;{,</b> etc, must always be "left"
+            in mimeTeX, and &nbsp; <b>),&nbsp;],&nbsp;&gt;,&nbsp;},</b> etc,
+            must always be "right".  To render "unusual" delimiter pairs you
+            must use the unabbreviated form, e.g., <b>\left)...\right[</b>
+            works fine. </li> -->
+       <!-- <li> <b>\right.</b> may be paired with any of the automatically
+            sized delimiters, and may optionally be abbreviated as <b>\.</b>
+            &nbsp;&nbsp; The same <b>\.</b> also serves as an abbreviation
+            for <b>\left.</b> &nbsp;&nbsp; MimeTeX correctly interprets your
+            intention if you correctly  balance delimiters.  For example,
+            either <b>y=\left\{{this\atop&nbsp;that}\right.</b> or
+            <b>y=\{{this\atop&nbsp;that}\.</b> renders the usual useful
+            construction
+            <a href="#preview"><img id="parens10" onclick="eqntext('parens10')"
+            src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+            \normalsize y=\{\text{this\atop that}\."
+            alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> illustrated above. </li> -->
+       <!-- <li> However, abbreviated <b>\.</b>'s cannot be nested in mimeTeX,
+            e.g., <b>\[\(...\.\.</b> doesn't work.  Instead, unabbreviated
+            <b>\left.</b> and <b>\right.</b> may be nested, e.g.,
+            <b>\left[\left(...\right.\right.</b> works fine. </li> -->
+       <!-- <li> Simply nested abbreviations like <b>\[\(...\)\]</b> work
+            fine in mimeTeX.  But abbreviated delimiters like <b>\|...\|</b>
+            and <b>\=...\=</b>, whose left and right forms are
+            identical, cannot be nested.  To nest these delimiters you
+            must use the corresponding unabbreviated <b>\left|..\right|</b>
+            and <b>\left\|...\right\|</b>. </li> -->
+       <!-- <li> All <b>\left(...\right)</b>'s (and abbreviated
+            <b>\(...\)</b>'s), etc, must be correctly balanced,
+            which may include being matched with <b>\left.</b>
+            or <b>\right.</b> (or abbreviated <b>\.</b>).
+            &nbsp;&nbsp; And, to repeat, you may <b>_not_</b> mix
+            abbreviated and unabbreviated \(...\right), etc, within a
+            matching pair. </li> -->
+     </ol>
+ <p> Besides the <b>\left...\right</b> delimiters discussed above,
+     mimeTeX also supports constructions like
+     <b>\left\int_a^b...\right<b>.</b></b>&nbsp;, which automatically
+     sizes the <b>\left\int</b> to accommodate everything between it
+     and its matching <b>\right<b>.</b></b> &nbsp; delimiter.
+     The <b>\right</b> delimiter needn't necessarily be
+     the <b>\right<b>.</b></b> &nbsp; illustrated, e.g.,
+     <b>\left\int_a^b&nbsp;x^2dx&nbsp;=\frac{x^3}3\right|_a^b</b>
+     produces
+     <a href="#preview"><img id="parens11" onclick="eqntext('parens11')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large
+     \left\int_a^bx^2dx=\frac{x^3}3\right|_a^b" border=0 alt=""
+     align=middle></a>.  <!-- Except for Opening (TeX class 4) and
+     Closing (class 5) delimiter characters like <b>(&nbsp;)</b> and
+     <b>[&nbsp;]</b> and <b>\{&nbsp;\}</b>, limits are default-rendered
+     \displaystyle, which is why <b>\right|\nolimits_a^b</b> was required. -->
+     You can also write <b>\left\sum</b>, <b>\left\prod</b>,
+     <b>\left\cup</b>, etc, for many of the symbols in CMEX10 and STMARY10.
+     And any symbol that works with <b>\left</b> will also work
+     with <b>\right</b>&nbsp;.  <!-- But mimeTeX abbreviations like &nbsp;
+     <b>\(...\)</b> &nbsp; for &nbsp; <b>\left(...\right)</b> &nbsp;
+     won't work with any of these CMEX10 symbols.  You'll have to write
+     the usual unabbreviated <b>\left...\right</b> form. --> </p>
+ <p> Unescaped <b>(&nbsp;)</b>'s and <b>[&nbsp;]</b>'s and <b>|&nbsp;|</b>'s
+     and <b>&lt;&nbsp;&gt;</b>'s don't need to be balanced since mimeTeX just
+     displays them like ordinary characters without any special significance.
+     Ditto for the usual four <b>\big(</b> and <b>\Big(</b> and <b>\bigg(</b>
+     and <b>\Bigg(</b>, and for their four right <b>)</b> counterparts, which
+     just display <b>(...)</b>'s at fixed larger sizes, and also have no
+     special significance.  All four big <b>[&nbsp;]</b>'s and
+     <b>&lt;&nbsp;&gt;</b>'s and <b>{&nbsp;}</b>'s are also available
+     as ordinary characters. </p>
+ <p> As usual, unescaped <b>{...}</b>'s aren't displayed at all,
+     must be balanced, and have the usual special LaTeX significance.
+     MimeTeX interprets escaped <b>\{...\}</b>'s as abbreviations
+     for <b>\left\{...\right\}</b> and therefore always sizes them to fit.
+     If you need displayed but unsized <b>{...}</b>'s, write
+     <b>\lbrace...\rbrace</b> or any of the four <b>\big{...\big}</b>'s. </p>
+<h2> <a name="accents"> (IIId) Accents, Functions, Arrows,
+Raise&nbsp;and&nbsp;rotate, Compose, Abbreviations, etc. &nbsp; </a> </h2>
+<h3> Accents<font size=5>...</font> </h3>
+ <p class="continue">
+     <b>\vec{&nbsp;} \hat{&nbsp;} \bar{&nbsp;} \tilde{&nbsp;} \dot{&nbsp;}
+     \ddot{&nbsp}</b> &nbsp; and &nbsp; <b>\acute{&nbsp;} \grave{&nbsp;}
+     \breve{&nbsp;} \check{&nbsp}</b> are the only accents currently
+     supported.  The first four are all "wide".  For example, you can write
+     <b>\widehat{&nbsp;}</b> if you like, but there's absolutely no
+     difference either way (and <b>\bar{&nbsp;}</b> and
+     <b>\overline{&nbsp;}</b> are identical).  The last four accents
+     only take a single character argument. <p>
+ <p> Other accent-like directives available in mimeTeX are &nbsp;
+     <b>\underline{&nbsp;} \cancel{&nbsp;} \sout{&nbsp;}</b>, &nbsp;
+     as well as &nbsp;
+     <b>\overset{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;} &nbsp; \underset{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;}</b> &nbsp;
+     and the more ususal &nbsp;
+     <b>\overbrace{&nbsp;}^{&nbsp;} &nbsp; \underbrace{&nbsp;}_{&nbsp;}</b>.
+     &nbsp; And <b>\not</b> also works on the single character immediately
+     following it.  Some of these directives are discussed in more detail
+     below. </p>
+<h3> <a name="functions">Function names<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> All 32 usual LaTeX function names <b>\arccos</b>,...,<b>\tanh</b>
+     are recognized by mimeTeX and treated in the usual way.  MimeTeX
+     also recognizes <b>\tr</b> for the trace, and also <b>\bmod</b>
+     and <b>\pmod</b>.  And those functions that normally take "limits"
+     also behave as expected, e.g., </p> <center>
+        <b>\lim_{n\to\infty}S_n=S</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="functions1" onclick="eqntext('functions1')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\lim_{n\to\infty}S_n=S"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+<h3> <a name="arrows">long Arrows<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> All mimeTeX \long and \Long arrows take an optional [width] argument
+     that explicitly sets the arrow's width in pixels, scaled by
+     <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>.  For example,
+     <b>\longrightarrow[50]</b> draws a 50-pixel wide arrow
+     <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows1" onclick="eqntext('arrows1')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\longrightarrow[50]" alt="" border=0
+     align=middle></a>, whereas just <b>\longrightarrow</b> calculates
+     a default width
+     <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows2" onclick="eqntext('arrows2')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\longrightarrow" alt="" border=0
+     align=middle></a>, as usual.  And, in addition to the usual
+     right, left and leftright arrows, there are also \long (and \Long) up,
+     down and updown arrows that take an optional [height] argument, also
+     scaled by any preceding <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>. </p>
+ <p> In the event that you actually want to place an []-enclosed expression
+     immediately following an "unsized" long arrow, just place a <b>~</b> or
+     any white space after the arrow, e.g., <b>f:x\longrightarrow~[0,1]</b>
+     produces
+     <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows3" onclick="eqntext('arrows3')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize f:x\longrightarrow~[0,1]"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>.  Without any intervening white space,
+     mimeTeX would have "eaten" the [0,1]. </p>
+ <p> Super/subscripts immediately following all long/Long left/right arrows
+     are displayed the same way <a href="#modes">\limits</a> displays them,
+     e.g., </p> <center>
+        <b>x\longrightarrow^gy</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows4" onclick="eqntext('arrows4')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large x\longrightarrow^gy"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> <br>
+        <b>x\longrightarrow[50]^gy</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows5" onclick="eqntext('arrows5')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large x\longrightarrow[50]^gy"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
+     Subscripted long arrows can occasionally be useful, too, as in
+     <a href="#example11">Example&nbsp;11</a> above, e.g., </p> <center>
+        <b>u\longrightarrow[50]_\beta v</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows6" onclick="eqntext('arrows6')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large u\longrightarrow[50]_\beta^{\,}v"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
+     To defeat this default behavior, e.g., <b>\longrightarrow\nolimits^g</b>
+     displays super/subscripts in the usual way. </p>
+ <p> Super/subscripts immediately following all long/Long up/down arrows
+     are treated correspondingly, i.e., superscripts are vertically
+     centered to the arrow's left, and subscripts to its right.
+     For example, </p> <center>
+        <b>\longuparrow[30]^\gamma</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows7" onclick="eqntext('arrows7')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\longuparrow[30]^\gamma"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> <br>
+        <b>\longdownarrow[30]_\gamma</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="arrows8" onclick="eqntext('arrows8')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\longdownarrow[30]_\gamma"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
+     whose occasional usefulness is also illustrated by
+     <a href="#example11">Example&nbsp;11</a>.  And as before, to defeat
+     this default behavior, e.g., <b>\longuparrow\nolimits^\gamma</b>
+     displays super/subscripts in the usual way. </p>
+<h3> <a name="raiserotate">\raisebox{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;} and
+\rotatebox{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;} and \reflectbox[&nbsp;]{&nbsp;}
+<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> The <b>\raisebox{<i>height</i>}{<i>expression</i>}</b>
+     and <b>\rotatebox{<i>angle</i>}{<i>expression</i>}</b>
+     and <b>\reflectbox[<i>axis</i>]{<i>expression</i>}</b>
+     commands help you fine-tune and manipulate mimeTeX renderings: </p>
+     <ul>
+       <li> <b>\raisebox</b>'s <b><i>height</i></b> argument is number
+            of pixels, scaled by <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>,
+            and can be positive or negative. </li>
+       <li> <b>\rotatebox</b>'s <b><i>angle</i></b> argument is number
+            of degrees, and can also be positive (for clockwise) or
+            negative, but must be a multiple of 90. </li>
+       <li> <b>\reflectbox</b>'s optional <b><i>axis</i></b> argument
+            defaults to 1 if not given, which reflects horizontally
+            (the usual LaTeX behavior), or reflects vertically if
+            specified as 2. </li>
+       <li> For all three commands, the <b><i>expression</i></b>
+            can be any valid LaTeX/mimeTeX expression. </li>
+     </ul>
+ <p> For example, mimeTeX's preprocessor
+     defines the LaTeX <b>?`</b> symbol, an upside-down question
+     mark, like </p> <center>
+        <b>abc\raisebox{-2}{\rotatebox{180}?}def</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="raiserot1" onclick="eqntext('raiserot1')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+        \large\rm abc\raiseb{-2}{\rotateb{180}{\LARGE?}}def"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+ <p> Using <b>\reflectbox[2]{&nbsp;}</b> instead of
+     <b>\rotatebox{180}{&nbsp;}</b> would result in the slightly
+     different </p> <center>
+        <b>abc\raisebox{-2}{\reflectbox[2]?}def</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="raiserot2" onclick="eqntext('raiserot2')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+        \large\rm abc\raiseb{-2}{\reflectb[2]{\LARGE?}}def"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+<h3> <a name="compose">\compose{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;}<font size=5>...</font></a></h3>
+ <p class="continue">
+     <b>\compose[<i>offset</i>]{<i>base</i>}{<i>overlay</i>}</b>
+     superimposes the <b><i>overlay</i></b> expression on top of the
+     <b><i>base</i></b> expression, displaying the result.
+     Optionally, the overlay is horizontally <b><i>offset</i></b>
+     by the specified number of pixels (positive offsets to the right,
+     negative to the left). For example, </p> <center>
+        <b>\compose{\LARGE O}{\normalsize c}</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="compose1" onclick="eqntext('compose1')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\compose{\LARGE O}{\normalsize c}"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+ <p> Separately or in some judicious combination, <b>\compose</b> and
+     <b>\raisebox</b> and <b>\rotatebox</b> and <b>\reflectbox</b>
+     should help you construct special symbols not "natively" available
+     with mimeTeX's limited set of built-in font families.
+     This can be especially useful in conjunction with the
+     <b>-DNEWCOMMANDS</b> compile-time
+     <a href="#options">option</a> discussed above. </p>
+<h3> <a name="rule">\rule{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;}<font size=5>...</font></a></h3>
+ <p class="continue">
+     <b>\rule{<i>width</i>}{<i>height</i>}</b> behaves in the usual way,
+     rendering a black rectangle <b><i>width</i></b> pixels wide and
+     <b><i>height</i></b> pixels high, with its base on the established
+     baseline.  For example, </p> <center>
+        <b>\frac12xyz\rule{10}{20}ghi</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="rule1" onclick="eqntext('rule1')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\frac12xyz\rule{10}{20}ghi"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+ <p> The mimeTeX version of <b>\rule</b> has an optional
+     <b>[<i>lift</i>]</b> argument, so that its full form is
+     <b>\rule[<i>lift</i>]{<i>width</i>}{<i>height</i>}</b>.
+     <b><i>lift</i></b> moves the rule's baseline by the specified
+     number of pixels, up if positive or down if negative.
+     For example, </p> <center>
+        <b>\frac12xyz\rule[5]{10}{20}ghi</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="rule2" onclick="eqntext('rule2')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\frac12xyz\rule[5]{10}{20}ghi"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp; and <br>
+        <b>\frac12xyz\rule[-15]{10}{20}ghi</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="rule3" onclick="eqntext('rule3')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\frac12xyz\rule[-15]{10}{20}ghi"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+<h3> <a name="abbreviations">Abbreviations<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p class="continue">
+     <b>\ga</b> displays <b>\gamma</b>, but just <b>\g</b> displays
+     <b>\gg</b> (<b>&gt;&gt;</b>).  That is, mimeTeX selects the
+     shortest symbol or command which begins with whatever you type.
+     This feature can help shorten an otherwise very long line,
+     but it may be a bit dangerous. </p>
+ <p> The mimeTeX <a href="#symbols">preprocessor</a>, briefly mentioned
+     above, is responsible for recognizing several LaTeX symbols like
+     <b>\ldots</b> and several commands like <b>\atop</b>&nbsp;.
+     These symbols and commands cannot be abbreviated.  The special
+     html characters like <b>&amp;nbsp;</b> are also recognized by
+     the preprocessor and cannot be abbreviated. </p>
+<h3> <a name="colors">Colors<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> Rudimentary color commands are provided by mimeTeX.  You can write
+     <b>\color{red}</b> or <b>\color{green}</b> or<b>\color{blue}</b>
+     (which may be abbreviated <b>\red</b> or <b>\green</b> or
+     <b>\blue</b>) anywhere in an expression to render the entire
+     expression in the specified color.  That is,
+     <b>abc{\red&nbsp;def}ghi</b> renders the entire expression red,
+     not just the <b>def</b> part.  Also, note that mimeTeX's "green"
+     is actually color <b>#00FF00</b>, which the html standard more
+     accurately calls "lime".  For example, </p> <center>
+      <b>\blue e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+      <a href="#preview"><img id="colors1" onclick="eqntext('colors1')"
+      src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+      \Large\color{blue} e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}"
+      alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+<h3> <a name="smash">&quot;Smash&quot;<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> TeX represents characters by boxes, with no idea how ink will be
+     distributed inside.  So an expression like
+     <b>\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}g(x)dx</b> is typically rendered as &nbsp;
+     <a href="#preview"><img id="smash1" onclick="eqntext('smash1')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
+     \nosmash\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)dx}"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>.
+     But mimeTeX knows the character shapes of its fonts, and therefore tries
+     to remove extra whitespace, rendering the same expression as &nbsp;
+     <a href="#preview"><img id="smash2" onclick="eqntext('smash2')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
+     \smash\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)}dx"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp; instead. </p>
+ <p> Precede any expression with the mimeTeX directive <b>\nosmash</b>
+     to render it without "smashing".  Or compile mimetex.c with the
+     <b>-DNOSMASH</b> <a href="#options">option</a> if you prefer
+     the typical TeX behavior as mimeTeX's default.  In this case,
+     precede any expression with <b>\smash</b> to render it "smashed".
+     And note that explicit space like <b>\hspace{10}</b>
+     or <b>\;</b>&nbsp;, etc, is never smashed. </p>
+ <p> The scope of <b>\smash</b> and <b>\nosmash</b> is the
+     <b>{&nbsp;}</b>-enclosed subexpression in which the directive occurs.
+     For example, if you want the <b><i>g(x)</i></b>&nbsp;part of the
+     preceding example smashed, but not the <b>1/2</b>&nbsp;part,
+     then the expression
+     <b>\nosmash\frac12{\smash\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}g(x)dx}</b>
+     renders as &nbsp;
+     <a href="#preview"><img id="smash3" onclick="eqntext('smash3')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
+     \nosmash\frac12{\smash\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)dx}}"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>.
+     <!-- Moreover, explicit space like
+     <b>\hspace{10}</b> or <b>\;</b>, etc, is never smashed.
+     So <b>{\frac12\;\;}\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}g(x)dx</b> renders as &nbsp;
+     <a href="#preview"><img id="smash4" onclick="eqntext('smash4')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
+     {\frac12\;\;}\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)dx}"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. --> </p>
+ <p> For finer-grained control, note that <b>\smash</b> is shorthand
+     for the default <b>\smashmargin{+3}</b> (and <b>\nosmash</b> is
+     shorthand for <b>\smashmargin{0}</b>).  <b>\smashmargin</b>'s value
+     is the minimum number of pixels between smashed symbols.  The leading
+     <b>+</b> is optional.  If present, the font size (\tiny=0,...,\Huge=7)
+     is added to the specified minimum.  Compile mimetex.c with the
+     <b>-DSMASHMARGIN=<i>n</i></b> <a href="#options">option</a> to change
+     the default from <b>3</b> to <b><i>n</i></b>.  Compare the preceding
+     example with the over-smashed <b>\smashmargin{1}</b> &nbsp;
+     <a href="#preview"><img id="smash5" onclick="eqntext('smash5')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
+     \smashmargin1\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)}dx"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp; instead. </p>
+ <p> Smashing is in "beta testing" and some expressions still don't look
+     quite right when smashed, e.g., <b>1^2,2^2,3^2,\ldots</b> renders as
+     <a href="#preview"><img id="smash6" onclick="eqntext('smash6')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large1^2,2^2,3^2,\ldots"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>.  Just compile with <b>-DNOSMASH</b>
+     if you come across numerous annoying situations. </p>
+<h3> <a name="not">\not and \cancel and \sout<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> The usual LaTeX &nbsp; <b>\not</b> &nbsp; "slashes" the single symbol
+     following it, e.g., &nbsp; <b>i\not\partial\equiv&nbsp;i\not\nabla</b>
+     &nbsp; produces <a href="#preview">
+     <img id="not1" onclick="eqntext('not1')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize i\not\partial\equiv i\not\nabla"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. </p>
+ <p> For arbitrary expressions, mimeTeX provides &nbsp; <b>\cancel</b> &nbsp;
+     which draws a line from the upper-right to lower-left corner of its
+     argument, e.g., &nbsp; <b>a\cancel{x^2}=bx^{\not3}</b> &nbsp; produces
+     &nbsp; <a href="#preview"><img id="not2" onclick="eqntext('not2')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large a\cancel{x^2}=bx^{\not3}"
+     alt="" border=0 align=bottom></a>. </p>
+ <p> Finally, similar to the <b>ulem.sty</b> package, &nbsp; <b>\sout</b>
+     &nbsp; draws a horizontal strikeout line through its argument,
+     e.g., &nbsp; <b>\sout{abcdefg}</b> &nbsp; produces <a href="#preview">
+     <img id="not3" onclick="eqntext('not3')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sout{abcdefg}"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>.  MimeTeX's <b>\sout</b> also
+     takes an optional argument that adjusts the vertical position of its
+     strikeout line by the specified number of pixels, e.g., &nbsp;
+     <b>\sout[+2]{abcdefg}</b> produces <a href="#preview">
+     <img id="not4" onclick="eqntext('not4')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sout[+2]{abcdefg}"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp; and &nbsp;
+     <b>\sout[-2]{abcdefg}</b> produces
+     <a href="#preview"><img id="not5" onclick="eqntext('not5')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sout[-2]{abcdefg}"
+     alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. </p>
+<h2> <a name="array"> (IIIe) \begin{array}{lcr}...\end{array} Environment
+&nbsp; </a> </h2>
+ <p> Rendering vectors and matrices, aligning equations, etc, is all done
+     using the customary LaTeX environment &nbsp;
+     <b>\begin{array}{lcr}&nbsp;a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc&nbsp;\end{array}</b>
+     &nbsp; which you can write in exactly that form.  MimeTeX also
+     recognizes the following array-like environments </p>
+     <center> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
+       <tr> <td align="left">   <b>\begin{array}{lcr}</b>    </td>
+            <td align="center"> <b>a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc</b> </td>
+            <td align="left">   <b>\end{array}</b>           </td> </tr>
+       <tr> <td align="left">   <b>\begin{matrix}</b>        </td>
+            <td align="center"> <b>a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc</b> </td>
+            <td align="left">   <b>\end{matrix}</b>          </td> </tr>
+       <tr> <td align="left">   <b>\begin{pmatrix}</b>       </td>
+            <td align="center"> <b>a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc</b> </td>
+            <td align="left">   <b>\end{pmatrix}</b>         </td> </tr>
+       <tr> <td align="left">   <b>\begin{bmatrix}</b>       </td>
+            <td align="center"> <b>a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc</b> </td>
+            <td align="left">   <b>\end{bmatrix}</b>         </td> </tr>
+       <tr> <td align="left">   <b>\begin{Bmatrix}</b>       </td>
+            <td align="center"> <b>a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc</b> </td>
+            <td align="left">   <b>\end{Bmatrix}</b>         </td> </tr>
+       <tr> <td align="left">   <b>\begin{vmatrix}</b>       </td>
+            <td align="center"> <b>a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc</b> </td>
+            <td align="left">   <b>\end{vmatrix}</b>         </td> </tr>
+       <tr> <td align="left">   <b>\begin{Vmatrix}</b>       </td>
+            <td align="center"> <b>a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc</b> </td>
+            <td align="left">   <b>\end{Vmatrix}</b>         </td> </tr>
+       <tr> <td align="left">   <b>\begin{eqnarray}</b>      </td>
+            <td align="center"> <b>a&=&b \\ c&=&d \\ etc</b> </td>
+            <td align="left">   <b>\end{eqnarray}</b>        </td> </tr>
+       <tr> <td align="left">   <b>\begin{align}</b>         </td>
+            <td align="center"> <b>a&=b \\ c&=d \\ etc</b>   </td>
+            <td align="left">   <b>\end{align}</b>           </td> </tr>
+       <tr> <td align="left">   <b>\begin{cases}</b>         </td>
+            <td align="center"> <b>a&b \\ c&d \\ etc</b>     </td>
+            <td align="left">   <b>\end{cases}</b>           </td> </tr>
+       <tr> <td align="left">   <b>\begin{gather}</b>        </td>
+            <td align="center"> <b>a \\ b \\ etc</b>         </td>
+            <td align="left">   <b>\end{gather}</b>          </td> </tr>
+     </table> </center> <p class="continue">
+     There's a built-in maximum of 64 columns and 64 rows.  Nested
+     array environments, e.g.,
+   <b>\begin{pmatrix}a&\begin{matrix}1&2\\3&4\end{matrix}\\c&d\end{pmatrix}</b>,
+     are permitted. </p>
+ <p> MimeTeX also provides the abbreviation &nbsp;
+     <b>\array{lcr$a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc}</b> &nbsp;
+     which has exactly the same effect as &nbsp;
+     <b>\begin{array}{lcr}&nbsp;a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc&nbsp;\end{array}</b>.
+     And the <b>lcr$</b> "preamble" in <b>\array{lcr$etc}</b> is optional.
+     In that case, &nbsp; <b>\array{a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc}</b> &nbsp;
+     has exactly the same effect as &nbsp;
+     <b>\begin{matrix}&nbsp;a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc&nbsp;\end{matrix}</b>.
+     You can also write <b>\(\array{etc}\)</b> to "manually abbreviate"
+     the pmatrix environment, or <b>\array{rcl$etc}</b> to abbreviate
+     eqnarray, but mimeTeX has no explicit abbreviations for these
+     other environments.  For example, </p> <center>
+      <b>\begin{matrix}a_1&a_2&a_3\\b_1&b_2&b_3\\c_1&c_2&c_3\end{matrix}</b>
+      &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+      <a href="#preview"><img id="array1" onclick="eqntext('array1')"
+      src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\begin{matrix}a_1&a_2&a_3\\
+      b_1&b_2&b_3\\c_1&c_2&c_3\end{matrix}"
+      alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+ <p> Solid <b>\hline</b>'s (but not \cline's) and vertical <b>l|c|r</b> bars
+     are available, as usual.  For dashed lines and bars,
+     <b>\begin{array}</b> provides the additional features <b>\hdash</b>
+     and <b>l.c.r</b>&nbsp;. <b>\hline</b> and <b>\hdash</b> may not be
+     abbreviated.  For example, </p> <center>
+   <b>\begin{array}{c.c|c} a_1&a_2&a_3 \\\hdash b_1&b_2&b_3 <br>
+     \\\hline c_1&c_2&c_3 \end{array}</b> &nbsp; produces <br>
+       <a href="#preview"> <img id="array22" onclick="eqntext('array22')"
+       src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\begin{array}{c.c|c}
+       a_1&a_2&a_3\\\hdash b_1&b_2&b_3\\\hline c_1&c_2&c_3\end{array}"
+       alt="" border="0" align="middle"> </a> </center>
+ <p> The default font size is unchanged by <b>\array{&nbsp;}</b>, but you
+     can explicitly control it in the usual way, e.g.,
+     <b>{\Large\begin{matrix}...\end{matrix}}</b> renders the entire array
+     in font size 4.  In addition, any <b>&...&</b> cell may contain font
+     size declarations which are always local to that cell,
+     e.g., <b>&\fs{-1}...&</b> renders that one cell one font size smaller
+     than current. </p>
+ <p> The <b>{lcr}</b> in <b>\begin{array}{lcr}</b> sets left,center,right
+     <i>"horizontal&nbsp;justification"</i> down columns of an array,
+     as usual.  And "vertical&nbsp;justification" across rows defaults
+     to what we'll call <b><i>baseline</i></b>, i.e., aligned equations,
+     as in <a href="#example10">Example&nbsp;10</a> above, display properly.
+     But the down arrows (for &nbsp;
+       <a href="#preview"><img id="array3" onclick="eqntext('array3')"
+       src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\array{C$\gamma&\Large\downarr}"
+       alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp; and for &nbsp;
+       <a href="#preview"><img id="array4" onclick="eqntext('array4')"
+       src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\array{C$\Large\downarr&\beta}"
+       alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>)
+     in <a href="#example11">Example&nbsp;11</a> require
+     <i>"vertical&nbsp;centering"</i> across the middle row of that
+     array.  So, in addition to lowercase <b>lcr</b>, mimeTeX's <b>{lcr}</b>
+     in <b>\begin{array}{lcr}</b> may also contain uppercase <b>BC</b> to
+     set "<b>B</b>"aseline or "<b>C</b>"enter vertical justification across
+     the corresponding rows.  For example, <b>\begin{array}{rccclBCB}</b>
+     sets baseline justification for the first and third rows, and center
+     justification for the second row.  Without any <b>BC</b>'s,
+     all rows default to the usual <b>B</b> baseline justification. </p>
+ <p> MimeTeX has no <b>\arraycolsep</b> or <b>\arraystretch</b> parameters.
+     Instead, <b>\begin{array}{lc25rB35C}</b> sets the absolute width
+     of the second column to 25&nbsp;pixels, and the absolute height of the
+     first row to 35&nbsp;pixels, as illustrated by
+     <a href="#example9">Example&nbsp;9</a>.  Any number following
+     an <b>lcrBC</b> specification sets the width of that one column
+     (for <b>lcr</b>), or the height of that one row (for <b>BC</b>). <br>
+     <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{35}" alt="" border=0>
+          You can optionally precede the number with a <b>+</b> sign,
+     which "propagates" that value forward to all subsequent columns for
+     <b>lcr</b>, or all subsequent rows for <b>BC</b>.  For example,
+     <b>\begin{array}{lc+25rB+35C}</b> sets the absolute width of
+     column&nbsp;2 and all subsequent columns to 25&nbsp;pixels,
+     and the absolute height of row&nbsp;1 and all subsequent rows
+     to 35&nbsp;pixels.  After absolute sizing has been set, the special
+     value <b>0</b> reverts to automatic sizing for that one row or
+     column, and <b>+0</b> reverts to automatic sizing for all subsequent
+     rows or columns.  For example, <b>\begin{array}{c+25ccc+35ccc+0}</b>
+     sets the absolute widths of columns&nbsp;1-3 to 25&nbsp;pixels,
+     columns&nbsp;4-6 to 35&nbsp;pixels, and then reverts to automatic
+     sizing for columns&nbsp;7 and all subsequent columns. <br>
+     <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{35}" alt="" border=0>
+          The "propagation" introduced by <b>+</b> is local to the
+     <b>\begin{array}</b> in which it occurs.  So you have to repeat
+     the same specifications if you want rows aligned across several
+     arrays on the same line (or columns aligned on several lines
+     separated by <b>\\</b>).  Instead, a lowercase <b>g</b> globally
+     copies your column specifications to all subsequent arrays,
+     and an uppercase <b>G</b> globally copies your row specifications.
+     And <b>gG</b> copies both column and row specifications.  For example,
+     <b>\begin{array}{GC+25}</b> sets the height of all rows in this
+     array to 25 pixels, and ditto for all subsequent arrays to its right.
+     Explicit specifications in subsequent arrays override previous global
+     values. <br>
+     <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{35}" alt="" border=0>
+          Click one of the following examples to see illustrations
+     of the above discussion: </p> <center>
+     <a href="#preview"> <img id="array31" onclick="eqntext('array31')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large
+     \left( \begin{array}{GC+30}
+            \cos\frac\theta2 & i\,\sin\frac\theta2\\
+            i\,\sin\frac\theta2 & \cos\frac\theta2 \end{array} \right)
+     \left( \begin{array}
+            z & x_{\tiny-} \\ x_{\tiny+} & -z \end{array} \right)
+     \hfill{300}\text{\normalsize Example 1}"
+     alt="" border="0" align="middle"> </a> <br>
+     <a href="#preview"> <img id="array32" onclick="eqntext('array32')"
+     src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large
+     \left( \begin{array}{GC+30gc+40}
+            \cos\frac\theta2 & i\,\sin\frac\theta2 \\
+            i\,\sin\frac\theta2 & \cos\frac\theta2 \end{array} \right)
+     \left( \begin{array}
+            z & x_{\tiny-} \\ x_{\tiny+} & -z \end{array} \right)
+     \hfill{300}\text{\normalsize Example 2}"
+     alt="" border="0" align="middle"> </a> </center>
+ <p> See <a href="#example8">Examples&nbsp;8-11</a> above for several
+     additional <b>\begin{array}{lcr}</b> applications. </p>
+<h2> <a name="picture"> (IIIf) \picture(&nbsp;){&nbsp;} "Environment",
+     including \line(&nbsp;){&nbsp;} and \circle(&nbsp;) &nbsp; </a> </h2>
+ <p> Besides <b>\begin{array}{lcr}</b>, mimeTeX also tries to emulate the
+     familiar LaTeX picture environment with the somewhat similar<br>
+      <b>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \picture(width[,height])&nbsp;
+      {&nbsp;(loc1){pic_elem1}&nbsp;(loc2){pic_elem2}&nbsp;...&nbsp;}</b><br>
+     as illustrated by <a href="#example12">Examples&nbsp;12-13</a> above.
+     Arguments surrounded by <b>[&nbsp;]</b>'s are optional.
+     If the optional <b>[,height]</b> is omitted, then <b>height=width</b>
+     is assumed.  Locations <b>(loc1)</b> and <b>(loc2)&nbsp;...</b> each
+     denote  either a <b>\put(loc)</b> or a <b>\multiput(loc)</b>,
+     and each location is of the form <b>([c]x,y[;xinc,yinc[;num]])</b>. </p>
+ <p> A <b>\put(loc)</b> is denoted by a location of the form <b>([c]x,y)</b>
+     where <b>x,y</b> denotes the coordinate where the lower-left corner
+     of the subsequent picture_element will be placed, unless the letter
+     <b>c</b> precedes the <b>x</b>-number, in which case <b>cx,y</b>
+     denotes the center point instead.  The very lower-left corner of the
+     entire picture is always <b>0,0</b>, and the upper-right corner is
+     <b>width-1,height-1</b>.  Note, for example, that you'd never want
+     to specify location <b>c0,0</b> since the picture_element would be
+     mostly out-of-bounds (only its upper-right quadrant would be
+     in-bounds). </p>
+ <p> A <b>\multiput(loc)</b> starts like a <b>\put(loc)</b>, but location
+     <b>[c]x,y</b> is followed by <b>;xinc,yinc[;num]</b> indicating the
+     <b>x,y-inc</b>rements applied to each of <b>num</b> repetitions
+     of picture_element.  If <b>;num</b> is omitted, repetitions continue
+     until the picture_element goes out-of-bounds of the specified
+     <b>width[,height]</b>.  Note that <b>x,y</b> are always positive or
+     zero, but <b>xinc,yinc</b> may be postive, zero or negative. </p>
+ <p> The <b>\picture(,){...}</b> parameters <b>width, height, x, y, xinc,
+     yinc</b> may be either integer or may contain a decimal point,
+     and they're all scaled by <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>.
+     The <b>num</b> parameter must be integer. </p>
+ <p> Picture_element's <b>{pic_elem1}</b> and <b>{pic_elem2} ...</b>
+     may be any expressions recognized by mimeTeX, even including other
+     <b>\picture</b>'s nested to any level. </p>
+<h3> <a name="circleline">\line(&nbsp;){&nbsp;} and
+\circle(&nbsp;)<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> To help draw useful picture_element's, mimeTeX provides several
+     drawing commands, <b>\line(xinc,yinc)[{xlen}]</b> and
+     <b>\circle(xdiam[,ydiam][;arc])</b>.  Although primarily intended
+     for use in <b>\picture</b>'s, you can use them in any mimeTeX
+     expression, e.g., &nbsp; <b>abc\circle(20)def</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+      <a href="#preview"><img id="circleline1" onclick="eqntext('circleline1')"
+      src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large abc\circle(20)def"
+      alt="" border="0" align="middle"></a>. </p>
+ <p> Without its optional <b>{xlen}</b> parameter, the expression
+     <b>(x,y){\line(xinc,yinc)}</b> draws a straight line from point
+     <b>x,y</b> to point <b>x+xinc,y+yinc</b>.  The <b>inc</b>'s
+     can be positive, zero or negative.  Don't prefix location <b>x,y</b>
+     with a leading <b>c</b> for <b>\line</b>'s; the intended "corner"
+     is determined by the signs of <b>xinc</b> and <b>yinc</b>.
+     If given, the optional <b>{xlen}</b> parameter rescales the length
+     of the line so its x-projection is <b>xlen</b> and its slope is
+     unchanged. </p>
+ <p> Without optional <b>,ydiam</b> and <b>;arc</b>, the expression
+     <b>(x,y){\circle(xdiam)}</b> draws a circle of diameter <b>xdiam</b>
+     centered at <b>x,y</b>.  Don't prefix location <b>x,y</b> with a
+     leading <b>c</b> for <b>\circle</b>'s; centering is assumed.
+     If <b>,ydiam</b> is also given, then <b>(x,y){\circle(xdiam,ydiam)}</b>
+     draws the ellipse inscribed in a rectangle of width <b>xdiam</b>
+     and height <b>ydiam</b> centered at <b>x,y</b>. <br>
+     &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Finally, <b>;arc</b> specifies the arc to be
+     drawn, in one of two ways.  An <b>;arc</b> argument given in the
+     form <b>;1234</b> interprets each digit as a quadrant to be drawn,
+     with <b>1</b> the upper-right quadrant and then proceeding
+     counterclockwise, e.g., <b>\circle(12;34)</b> specifies the
+     lower half of a circle whose diameter is twelve. <br>
+     &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  Alternatively, an <b>;arc</b> argument given in
+     the form <b>45,180</b> or <b>-60,120</b> specifies the endpoints of
+     the desired arc in degrees, with <b>0</b> the positive x-axis and
+     then proceeding counterclockwise.  The first number must always
+     be smaller than the second (negative numbers are allowed), and the
+     arc is drawn counterclockwise starting from the smaller number. </p>
+ <p> Besides <a href="#example12">Examples 12-13</a> above,
+     it's hard to resist illustrating<br>
+     <font size=4><b>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+     \unitlength{.6} &nbsp; \picture(100) {<br>
+     &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+            (50,50){\circle(99)} %%head%%<br>
+     &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+            (20,55;50,0;2){\fs{+1}\hat\bullet} %%eyes%%<br>
+     &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+            (50,40){\bullet} %%nose%%<br>
+     &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+            (50,35){\circle(50,25;34)} %%upper lip%%<br>
+     &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+            (50,35){\circle(50,45;34)} %%lower lip%% &nbsp; }</b></font></p>
+  <center>
+   <a href="#preview"><img id="circleline2" onclick="eqntext('circleline2')"
+   src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\unitlength{.6}\picture(100){
+   (50,50){\circle(99)} (20,55;50,0;2){\fs{+1}\hat\bullet} (50,40){\bullet}
+   (50,35){\circle(50,25;34)} (50,35){\circle(50,45;34)}}"
+   alt="" border=0 align=middle></a><br>Have a nice day!</center>
+<h2> <a name="commands"> (IIIg) Other mimeTeX Commands &nbsp; </a> </h2>
+ <p> Various and sundry other LaTeX-like commands are also provided
+     by mimeTeX.  In addition to features explicitly discussed below,
+     mimeTeX supports the usual sub<b>_</b>scripts and super<b>^</b>scripts,
+     and most of the typical LaTeX commands, many already discussed
+     above, including </p>
+     <ul>
+       <li> <b>\frac{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;}</b> and <b>{&nbsp;\over&nbsp;}</b> </li>
+       <li> <b>{&nbsp;\atop&nbsp;}</b> and <b>{&nbsp;\choose&nbsp;}</b> </li>
+       <li> <b>\sqrt{&nbsp;}</b> </li>
+       <li> <b>\lim_{&nbsp;}</b> and all the usual LaTeX function names </li>
+       <li> <b>\hat{&nbsp;}</b> and <b>\widehat{&nbsp;}</b>
+            and many of the usual LaTeX accents </li>
+       <li> <b>\overbrace{&nbsp;}^{&nbsp;}</b> and
+            <b>\underbrace{&nbsp;}_{&nbsp;}</b> </li>
+       <li> <b>\overline{&nbsp;}</b> and <b>\underline{&nbsp;}</b> </li>
+     </ul> <p class="continue">
+     All these typical commands should behave as they usually do
+     in LaTeX, and won't be discussed further.  Short discussions
+     of some other commands follow. </p>
+<h3> <a name="stackrel">\overset{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;} or
+\stackrel{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;} &nbsp; and &nbsp;
+\underset{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;} or \relstack{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;}
+<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p class="continue">
+     <b>\stackrel{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;}</b> behaves as usual in LaTeX,
+     rendering its first argument one font size smaller and centered above
+     its second.  And the amsmath-style <b>\overset{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;}</b> is
+     identical.  For example, </p> <center>
+     <b>"\vec x\overset{\rm def}=(x_1\ldots x_n)"</b>
+     &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="stackrel1" onclick="eqntext('stackrel1')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+        \Large\vec x\,\overset{\small\rm def}=
+        \,(x_1\ldots x_n)" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+ <p> "Conversely" to <b>\stackrel{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;}</b>, mimeTeX provides
+     <b>\relstack{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;}</b>, which renders its second argument
+     one font size smaller and centered below its first.
+     And the amsmath-style <b>\underset{&nbsp;}{&nbsp;}</b> renders its
+     first argument one font size smaller and centered below its second.
+     For example, the <b>\log</b> function name doesn't treat
+     limits like <b>\lim_</b>, but you can write, for example, </p> <center>
+        <b>"\underset{\rm base 2}\log32=5"</b> &nbsp; to render &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="stackrel2" onclick="eqntext('stackrel2')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+        \Large\underset{\small\rm base 2}\log32\,=\,5"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+ <p> MimeTeX's <b>\limits</b> provides an easier but non-standard
+     alternative to achieve the same effect.  For example, </p> <center>
+     <b>"\vec x =\limits^{\rm def} (x_1\ldots x_n)"</b>
+     &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="stackrel3" onclick="eqntext('stackrel3')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\vec x\,=\limits^{\small\rm def}
+        \,(x_1\ldots x_n)" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> <br><br>
+        and &nbsp; <b>"\log\limits_{\rm base 2}32=5"</b> &nbsp;
+        produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="stackrel4" onclick="eqntext('stackrel4')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
+        \Large\log\limits_{\small\rm base 2}32\,=\,5"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+<h3> <a name="fbox">\fbox{&nbsp;}<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> In case html border attributes aren't suitable, mimeTeX provides
+     the usual <b>\fbox{<i>expression</i>}</b> command, e.g., </p> <center>
+        <b>"\fbox{x=\frac12}"</b> &nbsp; produces &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="fbox1" onclick="eqntext('fbox1')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\fbox{x=\frac12}"
+        alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
+ <p> You can also write <b>\fbox[<i>width</i>]{<i>expression</i>}</b>
+     to explicitly set the box's width, or you can write
+     <b>\fbox[<i>width</i>][<i>height</i>]{<i>expression</i>}</b>
+     to explicitly set both width and height. </p>
+<h3> <a name="today">\today and \calendar<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p class="continue"> <b>\today</b> &nbsp; renders &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="today1" onclick="eqntext('today1')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\today"
+        border=0 align=middle></a> &nbsp;
+     in the usual LaTeX text&nbsp;mode way.
+     That's <b>\today</b>'s default format#1.  MimeTeX has
+     an optional format argument so that, for example, &nbsp;
+     <b>\blue\today[2]</b> &nbsp; renders &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="today2" onclick="eqntext('today2')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\blue\today[2]"
+        border=0 align=middle></a>, &nbsp;
+     showing both date and time.  And &nbsp;
+     <b>\red\today[3]</b> &nbsp; renders &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="today3" onclick="eqntext('today3')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\red\today[3]"
+        border=0 align=bottom></a>,
+     &nbsp; showing time only. </p>
+ <p> To accommodate time zones, you may also write, for example, &nbsp;
+     <b>\small\blue\today[2,+3]</b>, &nbsp; which renders &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="today4" onclick="eqntext('today4')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\blue\today[2,+3]"
+        border=0 align=middle></a>, &nbsp;
+     adding three hours to format#2.
+     The arguments may be in either order. The time zone increment
+     must always be preceded by either <b>+</b>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<b>-</b>,
+     and must be in the range <b>-</b>23&nbsp;to&nbsp;<b>+</b>23. </p>
+ <p class="continue"> <b>\calendar</b> &nbsp; renders a calendar for
+     the current month, as illustrated by the left-hand image below.
+     For a different month, the optional argument &nbsp
+     <b>\small\blue\calendar[2001,9]</b> &nbsp; renders the right-hand
+     image, for the requested year and month.  Years must be
+     1973<b>...</b>2099 and months must be 1<b>...</b>12. </p>
+     <center>
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="today5" onclick="eqntext('today5')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\calendar"
+        border=0 align=middle> </a> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+        <a href="#preview"><img id="today6" onclick="eqntext('today6')"
+        src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\blue\calendar[2001,9]"
+        border=0 align=middle> </a> </center>
+ <p> The default calendar emphasizes the current day of the current month,
+     while any other month emphasizes no day.  Day emphasis is controlled
+     by an optional third argument.  &nbsp; <b>\calendar[0,0,1]</b> &nbsp;
+     emphasizes the first day of the current month, and
+     &nbsp; <b>\calendar[2001,9,11]</b> &nbsp; emphasizes the eleventh
+     day of that month.  &nbsp; <b>\calendar[0,0,99]</b> &nbsp;
+     renders the current month with no day emphasized. </p>
+<h3> <a name="input">\input{&nbsp;}<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p class="continue">
+     <b>\input{<i>filename</i>}</b> behaves just like the corresponding
+     LaTeX command, reading the entire contents of <b><i>filename</i></b>
+     into your expression at the point where the <b>\input</b> command
+     occurs.  By default, <b><i>filename</i></b> resides in the same
+     directory as mimetex.cgi.  Moreover, for security, absolute paths
+     with leading <b>/</b>'s or <b>\</b>'s, and paths with <b>../</b>'s
+     or <b>..\</b>'s, are not permitted.  See the <b>-DPATHPREFIX</b>
+     <a href="#options">compile&nbsp;option</a>, discussed above,
+     if you want <b>\input</b> files in some other directory.
+     In any case, if <b><i>filename</i></b> isn't found, then
+     <b>\input</b> tries to read <b><i>filename</i>.tex</b> instead.</p>
+ <p> MimeTeX also supports the optional form
+     <b>\input{<i>filename:tag</i>}</b>.  In this case,
+     <b><i>filename</i></b> is read as before, but only those characters
+     between <b>&lt;<i>tag</i>&gt;...&lt;/<i>tag</i>&gt;</b> are placed
+     into your expression.  This permits you to have one file containing
+     many different <b>&lt;<i>tag</i>&gt;</b>'s, e.g., one file containing
+     all the questions and/or answers to a homework assignment or a quiz,
+     etc. </p>
+<h3> <a name="counter">\counter[&nbsp;]{&nbsp;}
+<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
+ <p> The bottom-right corner of this page contains a page hit counter
+     that's maintained using mimeTeX's
+     <b>\counter[<i>logfile</i>]{<i>counterfile</i>:<i>tag</i>}</b>
+     command.  As with <b>\input</b>, described immediately above,
+     both the required <b><i>counterfile</i></b> and the optional
+     <b><i>logfile</i></b> are the names of files that reside in the
+     same directory as your mimetex.cgi executable, unless you compiled
+     mimetex with the <b>-DPATHPREFIX</b>
+     <a href="#options">compile&nbsp;option</a>.  Before using
+     the <b>\counter</b> command, Unix "touch" and "chmod" those files
+     so they're mimeTeX readable and writable. </p>
+ <p> If <b><i>counterfile</i></b> isn't readable and writable,
+     then the <b>\counter</b> command always displays
+     <b>1<sup><u>st</u></sup></b>.  Otherwise, it maintains a
+     line in <b><i>counterfile</i></b> of the form
+     <b>&lt;<i>tag</i>&gt;&nbsp;<i>value</i>&nbsp;&lt;/<i>tag</i>&gt;</b>
+     where <b><i>value</i></b> is initialized as <b>1_</b> if the
+     specified <b>&lt;<i>tag</i>&gt;</b> line doesn't already exist,
+     and then incremented on each subsequent call.  That trailing
+     underscore on the value in the file, e.g., <b>99_</b>, tells
+     mimeTeX to display <b>99<sup><u>th</u></sup></b> with an
+     ordinal suffix.  Edit the value in the file and remove the
+     underscore if you don't want the ordinal suffix displayed.
+     Finally, mimeTeX makes no effort to lock files or
+     records&nbsp;(tags), so be careful using <b>\counter</b>
+     if your hit rates are high enough so that frequent collisions
+     are likely. </p>
+ <p> The same <b><i>counterfile</i></b> can contain as many different
+     <b>&lt;<i>tag</i>&gt;</b> lines as you like, so counters for
+     all the pages on your site can be maintained in one file.
+     MimeTeX also maintains a special <b>&lt;timestamp&gt;</b> tag
+     in <b><i>counterfile</i></b> that logs the the date/time and
+     name of the most recently updated tag. </p>
+ <p> Somewhat more detailed log information can be accumulated in
+     the optional <b><i>logfile</i></b>.  If you provide that
+     filename, mimeTeX writes a line to it of the form
+     <b>2004-09-20:12:59:33pm&nbsp;&lt;<i>tag</i>&gt;=99&nbsp;192.168.1.1&nbsp;<i>http_referer</i></b>
+     containing a timestamp, the counter tag and its current value,
+     and the user's IP address and http_referer page if they're
+     available. </p>
+ <p> The page hit counter displayed at the bottom-right corner
+     of this page is maintained by the command
+     <b>\counter[counters.log]{counters.txt:mimetex.html}</b>.
+     After compiling and installing your
+     own mimetex.cgi and your own copy of this page, that counter will
+     continually show <b>1<sup><u>st</u></sup></b>'s
+     unless/until you "touch" and "chmod" counters.txt (and, optionally,
+     counters.log) in your mimetex.cgi directory. </p>
+<h2> <a name="exceptions"> (IIIh) Other Exceptions
+to LaTeX Syntax &nbsp; </a> </h2>
+<h3> Binding Exceptions<font size=5>...</font> </h3>
+ <p> MimeTeX's bindings are pretty much left-to-right.  For example,
+     although mimeTeX correctly interprets <b>\frac12</b> as well as
+     <b>\frac{1}{2}</b>, etc, the legal LaTeX expression <b>x^\frac12</b>
+     must be written <b>x^{\frac12}</b>.  Otherwise, mimeTeX interprets
+     it as <b>{x^\frac}12</b>, i.e., the same way <b>x^\alpha12</b>
+     would be interpreted, which is entirely wrong for <b>\frac</b>.
+     The same requirement also applies to other combinations of commands,
+     e.g., you must write <b>\sqrt{\frac\alpha\beta}</b>, etc. </p>
+<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+SECTION IV.  APPENDICES
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+<h1> <a name="appendices"> (IV) Appendices &nbsp; </a> </h1>
+<p> Programming information to help you modify mimeTeX's behavior,
+  and to use its functionality in your own programs, is provided
+  by these appendices.  The currently available appendices discuss
+  (a)how to modify or extend mimeTeX's fonts, (b)how to use
+  mimeTeX's principal function, make_raster(), and (c)how to use
+  <a href="http://shh.thathost.com" target="_top">Sverre Huseby's</a>
+  gifsave.c library. </p>
+<h2> <a name="fonts"> (IVa) &nbsp; mimeTeX Fonts &nbsp; </a> </h2>
+<p> The font information mimeTeX uses to render characters is
+  derived from .gf font files (usually generated by <b>metafont</b>
+  running against .mf files), which are then run through
+  <b>gftype -i</b>  and finally through my <b>gfuntype</b> program
+  (supplied with your mimeTeX distribution). </p>
+<p> The final output from each such sequence of three runs
+  (metafont &gt; gftype -i &gt; gfuntype) gives mimeTeX the
+  bitmap information it needs to render one particular font
+  family at one particular size.  The file <b>texfonts.h</b>
+  supplied with your mimeTeX distribution collects the output
+  from 72 such (sequences of) runs, representing nine font
+  families at eight sizes each. </p>
+<p> This collection of information in &nbsp; texfonts.h &nbsp; is
+  "wired" into mimeTeX through tables maintained in <b>mimetex.h</b>.
+  To change mimeTeX's fonts, you'll have to first modify (or totally
+  replace) texfonts.h using your own gfuntype output, and then
+  change mimetex.h to reflect your texfonts.h modifications. </p>
+<p> This appendix provides a brief description of the above
+  process, though you'll probably need at least some previous
+  C programming experience to confidently accomplish it.
+  Your motivation might be to add more fonts to mimeTeX,
+  to change the font sizes I chose, or to add more
+  font sizes, etc.  MimeTeX's design permits all this to be
+  easily done once you understand the process. </p>
+<p> Running <b>metafont</b> to generate a <b>.gf</b> file from <b>.mf</b>
+  source will usually be your very first step.  A typical such run
+  might be </p>
+ <!-- <b>mf '\mode=onetz; mag=magstep(.5); input cmmi10'</b> --> <center>
+ <b>mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-16.393225); input cmmi10'</b></center>
+<p class="continue"> which in this case generates output file
+  <b>cmmi10.131gf</b> (which is mimeTeX's font size 3 for the
+  cmmi family). </p>
+<p> Given the cmmi10.131gf file from this metafont run
+  (or substitute any other .gf file you like), next run </p>
+     <center><b>gftype -i cmmi10.131gf &gt; typeout</b></center>
+<p class="continue"> where <b>typeout</b> can be any temporary
+  filename you like. </p>
+<p> Finally, run <b>gfuntype</b> against the  typeout  file
+  you just generated with the command </p>
+     <center><b>gfuntype  -n cmmi131  typeout  cmmi131.h</b></center>
+  <p class="continue"> to generate the final output file <b>cmmi131.h</b>
+  (or any filename you supply as the last arg).  This
+  contains the cmmi data in an array whose name is taken
+  from the <b>-n</b> arg you supplied to gfuntype. </p>
+<p> The above sequence of three runs resulted in output file
+  <b>cmmi131.h</b>, containing the font information mimeTeX needs
+  for one font family (cmmi) at one font size (3).  Repeat this
+  sequence of three runs for each font size and each font family.
+  Then pull all the output files into one big <b>texfonts.h</b> file
+  (or write a small texfonts.h which just #include's them all). </p>
+<p> For your information, the 72 sequences of runs represented
+  in the texfonts.h file supplied with your mimeTeX distribution
+  correspond to the following eight inital metafont runs for cmr10 </p>
+<!--
+        1 (.100gf)  mf '\mode=nextscrn; input cmr10'
+        2 (.118gf)  mf '\mode=lview; input cmr10'
+        3 (.131gf)  mf '\mode=onetz; mag=magstep(.5); input cmr10'
+        4 (.160gf)  mf '\mode=itoh; input cmr10'
+        5 (.180gf)  mf '\mode=lqlores; input cmr10'
+-->
+  <pre>   size=0 (.83gf)   mf '\mode=eighthre; input cmr10'
+        1 (.100gf)  mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-17.874274); input cmr10'
+        2 (.118gf)  mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-16.966458); input cmr10'
+        3 (.131gf)  mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-16.393225); input cmr10'
+        4 (.160gf)  mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-15.296391); input cmr10'
+        5 (.180gf)  mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-14.650373); input cmr10'
+        6 (.210gf)  mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-13.804885); input cmr10'
+        7 (.250gf)  mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-12.848589); input cmr10'</pre>
+  <p class="continue">
+  Then ditto for the eight other font families cmmi10, cmmib10, cmsy10,
+  cmex10, bbold10, rsfs10, stmary10 and wncyr10.  And to generate other
+  <b>.</b><i>dpi</i><b>gf</b> font sizes, calculate magsteps &nbsp;
+  <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\frac{\log(dpi/2602)}{\log1.2}"
+  alt="" align=middle border=0>. &nbsp;  All the subsequent gftype and
+  gfuntype runs just follow the standard format described above. </p>
+<p> To incorporate all this font information you just generated into
+  mimeTeX, edit your <b>mimetex.h</b> file and find the table that looks
+  something like </p><pre>static fontfamily aafonttable[] = {
+ /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    family    size=0,        1,        2,        3,        4,        5,        6,        7
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+ {   CMR10,{   cmr83,   cmr100,   cmr118,   cmr131,   cmr160,   cmr180,   cmr210,   cmr250}},
+ {  CMMI10,{  cmmi83,  cmmi100,  cmmi118,  cmmi131,  cmmi160,  cmmi180,  cmmi210,  cmmi250}},
+ { CMMIB10,{ cmmib83, cmmib100, cmmib118, cmmib131, cmmib160, cmmib180, cmmib210, cmmib250}},
+ {  CMSY10,{  cmsy83,  cmsy100,  cmsy118,  cmsy131,  cmsy160,  cmsy180,  cmsy210,  cmsy250}},
+ {  CMEX10,{  cmex83,  cmex100,  cmex118,  cmex131,  cmex160,  cmex180,  cmex210,  cmex250}},
+ {  RSFS10,{  rsfs83,  rsfs100,  rsfs118,  rsfs131,  rsfs160,  rsfs180,  rsfs210,  rsfs250}},
+ { BBOLD10,{ bbold83, bbold100, bbold118, bbold131, bbold160, bbold180, bbold210, bbold250}},
+ {STMARY10,{stmary83,stmary100,stmary118,stmary131,stmary160,stmary180,stmary210,stmary250}},
+ {   CYR10,{ wncyr83, wncyr100, wncyr118, wncyr131, wncyr160, wncyr180, wncyr210, wncyr250}},
+ {    -999,{    NULL,     NULL,     NULL,     NULL,     NULL,     NULL,     NULL,     NULL}}
+} ; /* --- end-of-fonttable[] --- */</pre><p class="continue">
+  Note the 72 names <b>cmr83...wncyr250</b> in the table.  These must
+  correspond to (or must be changed to) the names following the <b>-n</b>
+  switch you specified for your &nbsp; gfuntype &nbsp; runs. </p>
+<p> If you want more than eight font sizes, first build up texfonts.h
+  with all the necessary information.  Then change LARGESTSIZE (and
+  probably NORMALSIZE) in mimetex.h, and finally edit the above aafonttable[]
+  by extending the columns in each row up to your largest size. </p>
+<p> You can also add new rows by #define'ing a new family,
+  and then adding a whole lot of character definitions at the bottom
+  of mimetex.h, all in the obvious way (i.e., it should become obvious
+  after reviewing mimetex.h).  A new row would be required,
+  for example, to make another font available in mimeTeX. </p>
+<p> One small problem with the above procedure is that the default
+  &nbsp; gftype &nbsp; program supplied with most TeX distributions
+  can't emit the long lines needed to display mimeTeX's larger font
+  sizes.  You'll need to compile your own version from source.
+  The following instructions are for Unix/Linux: <br> &nbsp; &nbsp;
+  &nbsp; &nbsp; First, download both
+  <a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/web2c/web-7.5.3.tar.gz"
+  target="_top">web-7.5.3.tar.gz</a> and
+  <a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/web2c/web2c-7.5.3.tar.gz"
+  target="_top">web2c-7.5.3.tar.gz</a>,
+  or more recent versions.  Then &nbsp; untar &nbsp; them both,
+  &nbsp; cd&nbsp;web2c-7.5.3/ &nbsp; and run &nbsp; ./configure &nbsp;
+  and &nbsp; make &nbsp; in the usual way (make may fail before
+  completion if you don't have all needed fonts installed,
+  but it will create and compile gftype.c before failing).  Now edit
+  &nbsp; texk/web2c/gftype.c&nbsp; and notice two lines very near the top
+  that &nbsp; #define&nbsp;maxrow&nbsp;(79) &nbsp and similarly for maxcol.
+  Change both 79's to 1024, and then re-run make.  The new &nbsp;
+  texk/web2c/gftype &nbsp; executable image can emit the long
+  lines needed for mimeTeX's larger font sizes. </p>
+<p> Finally, the Unix/Linux bash shell script
+  <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/texfonts.sh"
+  target="_top">texfonts.sh</a> generates file &nbsp; texfonts.h &nbsp;
+  containing the information for all 72 mimeTeX fonts discussed above
+  (and, optionally, an extra 1200dpi cmr font used to test mimeTeX's
+  supersampling algorithm).  You'll need to understand and edit this
+  script to use it meaningfully.  But it helps automate mimeTeX's font
+  generation procedure in case you want to experiment with different
+  fonts.  (Note that metafont emits a complaint while generating the
+  83dpi rsfs font.  Just press &lt;CR&gt; and it completes
+  successfully.) </p>
+<h2> <a name="makeraster"> (IVb) mimeTeX's make_raster()
+function &nbsp; </a> </h2>
+<p> MimeTeX converts an input LaTeX math expression to a corresponding GIF
+ image in two steps.  First, it converts the input LaTeX expression to a
+ corresponding bitmap raster.  Then <a href="http://shh.thathost.com"
+ target="_top">Sverre Huseby's</a> gifsave library, discussed
+ <a href="#gifsave">below</a>, converts that bitmap to the emitted gif.
+ Though you never explicitly see that bitmap, it's mimeTeX's principal
+ result.  MimeTeX is written so any program can easily use its
+ expression-to-bitmap conversion capability with just a single line of code.
+ The following complete program demonstrates the simplest such use. </p>
+<pre> #include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
+ #include "mimetex.h"
+ int main ( int argc, char *argv[] )
+ {
+ raster    *rp = make_raster(argv[1],NORMALSIZE);
+ type_raster(rp,stdout);  /* display ascii image of raster */
+ }</pre>
+<p> Cut-and-paste the above sample code from this file to, say,
+ mimedemo.c (and fix the brackets around stdio.h).  Then compile <br>
+   &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+   cc -DTEXFONTS mimedemo.c mimetex.c -lm -o mimedemo <br>
+ and run it from your unix shell command line like <br>
+   &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ./mimedemo &nbsp; &quot;x^2+y^2&quot; </p>
+<p> MimeTeX's expression-to-bitmap conversion is accomplished by the
+ make_raster() call, whose first argument is just a pointer to a
+ (null-terminated) string containing any mimeTeX-compliant LaTeX
+ expression, and whose second argument is the mimeTeX font size
+ to use (overridden if your expression contains a preamble).
+ The ascii display of the bitmap raster returned by make_raster()
+ results from the subsequent call to type_raster().  That's all
+ this program does, but you could use make_raster()'s returned bitmap
+ for any other purpose you have in mind. </p>
+<p> MimeTeX's primary purpose is to emit either xbitmaps or gif images
+ rather than ascii displays.  And mimeTeX has anti-aliasing and various
+ other options that further complicate its main() function compared to
+ the simple example above.  The example below demonstrates mimeTeX
+ usage in the slightly more realistic situation where an input expression
+ is converted to a gif, without anti-aliasing, and emitted on stdout. </p>
+<pre> #include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
+ #include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
+ #include "mimetex.h"
+ /* --- global needed by callback function, below, for gifsave.c --- */
+ static  raster *rp = NULL;              /* 0/1 bitmap raster image */
+ /* ---  callback function to return pixel value at col x, row y --- */
+ int     GetPixel ( int x, int y )       /* pixel value will be 0 or 1 */
+ { return (int)getpixel(rp,y,x); }       /* just use getpixel() macro */
+ /* --- main() entry point --- */
+ int     main ( int argc, char *argv[] )
+ {
+ /* --- get LaTeX expression from either browser query or command-line --- */
+ char    *query = getenv("QUERY_STRING"),        /* check for query string */
+         *expression = (query!=NULL? query :     /* input either from query */
+            (argc>1? argv[1] : "f(x)=x^2"));     /* or from command line */
+ /* ---- mimeTeX converts expression to bitmap raster ---- */
+ rp = make_raster(expression,NORMALSIZE); /* mimeTeX rasterizes expression */
+ /* ---- convert returned bitmap raster to gif, and emit it on stdout ---- */
+ if ( query != NULL )                    /* Content-type line for browser */
+   fprintf( stdout, "Content-type: image/gif\n\n" );
+ /* --- initialize gifsave library and colors, and set transparent bg --- */
+ GIF_Create(NULL, rp->width, rp->height, 2, 8); /* init for black/white */
+ GIF_SetColor(0, 255, 255, 255);         /* always set background white */
+ GIF_SetColor(1,   0,   0,   0);         /* and foreground black */
+ GIF_SetTransparent(0);                  /* and set transparent background */
+ /* --- finally, emit compressed gif image (to stdout) --- */
+ GIF_CompressImage(0, 0, -1, -1, GetPixel);
+ GIF_Close();
+ }</pre>
+<p> Cut-and-paste as before, compile like <br>
+   &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+   cc -DTEXFONTS mimedemo.c mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimedemo <br>
+ and run it like the first example, but this time you may want to redirect
+ stdout <br>
+   &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ./mimedemo &nbsp; &quot;x^2+y^2&quot;
+   &nbsp; <b>&gt;</b> &nbsp; mimedemo.gif <br>
+ since output is now a gif image consisting of mostly unprintable bytes.
+ Input is typically from the command line as illustrated, but this example
+ checks for a browser query string too.  That means you could actually
+ replace mimetex.cgi with this executable, though anti-aliasing wouldn't
+ be available. </p>
+<p> Of course, this example's intent isn't to replace the mimetex.cgi
+ executable, but rather to illustrate GIFSAVE library usage, documented
+ in detail below.  And this example also illustrates usage of several
+ mimeTeX raster structure elements, like rp-&gt;width and rp-&gt;height.
+ So you'll probably also want to refer to mimetex.h, which contains those
+ raster structures and other relevant definitions.  For instance, the
+ example's GetPixel() callback function illustrates usage of the getpixel()
+ macro in mimetex.h, to retrieve individual pixels by their x,y-coordinates.
+ And there's a similar setpixel() macro in mimetex.h to store pixels.
+ After completing all this reading, you'll be prepared to begin using
+ mimeTeX functions in your own code. </p>
+<h2> <a name="gifsave">
+(IVc)</a> <a href="http://shh.thathost.com" target="_top">Sverre Huseby's</a>
+gifsave.c library &nbsp; </h2>
+<p> The information below is taken from the README file accompanying
+  <a href="http://shh.thathost.com" target="_top">Sverre Huseby's</a>
+  distribution of GIFSAVE.  I've made a few small editorial modifications,
+  including descriptions of the several minor changes necessary
+  to support mimeTeX.  And the mimeTeX example program immediately above
+  uses GIFSAVE in a very straightforward way that should help clarify
+  any questions which may remain after reading the documentation below. </p>
+<pre>
+                             INTRODUCTION
+                             ============
+ The GIFSAVE functions make it possible to save GIF images from
+ your own C programs.
+ GIFSAVE creates simple GIF files following the GIF87a standard.
+ Interlaced images cannot be created.  There should only be
+ one image per file.
+ GIFSAVE consists of five functions, all returning type int,
+ and no separate header file is required.
+ The functions should be called in the order listed below
+ for each GIF-file. One file must be closed before a new one
+ can be created.
+     GIF_Create() creates new GIF-files. It takes parameters
+         specifying filename, screen size, number of colors,
+         and color resolution.
+     GIF_SetColor() sets up red, green, blue color components.
+         It should be called once for each possible color.
+     GIF_SetTransparent() is optional.  If called, it sets the
+         color number of the color that should be transparent,
+         i.e., the background color shows through this one.
+     GIF_CompressImage() performs the compression of the image.
+         It accepts parameters describing the position and size
+         of the image on screen, and a user defined callback
+         function that is supposed to fetch the pixel values.
+     GIF_Close() terminates and closes the file.
+ To use these functions, you must also write a callback
+ function that returns the pixel values for each point
+ in the image.
+                             THE FUNCTIONS
+                             =============
+ GIF_Create()
+ ------------
+         Function  Creates a new GIF-file, and stores info on
+                   the screen.
+           Syntax  int GIF_Create(
+                           char *filename,
+                           int width, int height,
+                           int numcolors, int colorres
+                       );
+          Remarks  Creates a new (or overwrites an existing)
+                   GIF-file with the given filename. No
+                   .GIF-extension is added.
+                   If filename is passed as a NULL pointer,
+                   output is directed to stdout.
+                   The width- and height- parameters specify
+                   the size of the image in pixels.
+                   numcolors is the number of colors used in
+                   the image.
+                   colorres is number of bits used to encode a
+                   primary color (red, green or blue).
+                   In GIF-files, colors are built by combining
+                   given amounts of each primary color.
+                   On VGA-cards, each color is built by
+                   combining red, green and blue values in
+                   the range [0, 63]. Encoding the number 63
+                   would require 6 bits, so colorres would be
+                   set to 6.
+     Return value  GIF_OK        - OK
+                   GIF_ERRCREATE - Error creating file
+                   GIF_ERRWRITE  - Error writing to file
+                   GIF_OUTMEM    - Out of memory
+ GIF_SetColor()
+ --------------
+         Function  Specifies the primary color component of a
+                   color used in the image.
+           Syntax  void GIF_SetColor(
+                            int colornum,
+                            int red, int green, int blue
+                        );
+          Remarks  This function updates the colortable-values
+                   for color number colornum in the image.
+                   Should be called for each color in the range
+                   [0, numcolors]
+                   with red, green and blue components in the
+                   range  [0, (2^colorres)-1]
+                   colorres and colornum are values previousely
+                   given to the function GIF_Create().
+     Return value  None
+ GIF_SetTransparent()
+ --------------------
+         Function  Specifies the color number of the color
+                   that should be considered transparent.
+           Syntax  void GIF_SetTransparent(
+                            int colornum
+                        );
+          Remarks  Need not be called at all.  But if called,
+                   should be called only once with colornum in
+                   the range  [0, numcolors]  i.e., colornum
+                   must be one of the values previously
+                   given to GIF_SetColor().
+     Return value  None
+ GIF_CompressImage()
+ -------------------
+         Function  Compresses an image and stores it in the
+                   current file.
+           Syntax  int GIF_CompressImage(
+                           int left, int top,
+                           int width, int height,
+                           int (*getpixel)(int x, int y)
+                       );
+          Remarks  The left- and top- parameters indicate the
+                   image offset from the upper left corner of
+                   the screen.  They also give the start values
+                   for calls to the userdefined callback
+                   function.
+                   width and height give the size of the image.
+                   A value of -1 indicates the equivalent screen
+                   size given in the call to GIF_Create().
+                   If the image is supposed to cover the entire
+                   screen, values 0, 0, -1, -1 should be given.
+                   GIF_CompressImage() obtains the pixel values
+                   by calling a user specified function. This
+                   function is passed in the parameter getpixel.
+                   See "callback()" further down for a
+                   description of this function.
+     Return value  GIF_OK        - OK
+                   GIF_ERRWRITE  - Error writing to file
+                   GIF_OUTMEM    - Out of memory
+ GIF_Close()
+ -----------
+         Function  Closes the GIF-file.
+           Syntax  int GIF_Close(void);
+          Remarks  This function writes a terminating descriptor
+                   to the file, and then closes it. Also frees
+                   memory used by the other functions of GIFSAVE.
+     Return value  GIF_OK        - OK
+                   GIF_ERRWRITE  - Error writing to file
+                         THE CALLBACK FUNCTION
+                         =====================
+ callback()
+ ----------
+         Function  Obtains pixel-values for the
+                   GIF_CompressImage() -function.
+           Syntax  int callback(int x, int y);
+          Remarks  This function must be written by the
+                   programmer.  It should accept two integer
+                   parameters specifying a point in the image,
+                   and return the pixel value at this point.
+                   The ranges for these parameters are as
+                   follows
+                       x : [img_left, img_left + img_width - 1]
+                       y : [img_top, img_top + img_height - 1]
+                   where img_left, img_top, img_width and
+                   img_height are the values left, top, width
+                   and height passed to GIF_CompressImage().
+                   An example; if the screen has width 640 and
+                   height 350, and the image covers the entire
+                   screen, x will be in the range  [0, 639]
+                   and y in the range  [0, 349].
+                   callback() need not get its values from the
+                   screen. The values can be fetched from a
+                   memory array, they can be calculated for
+                   each point requested, etc.
+                   The function is passed as a parameter to
+                   GIF_CompressImage(), and can thus have any
+                   name, not only callback().
+     Return value  Pixel value at the point requested. Should
+                   be in the range  [0, numcolors-1]  where
+                   numcolors is as specified to GIF_Create().
+</pre>
+<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+CONCLUDING REMARKS
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+<h1 id="remarks"> Concluding Remarks &nbsp; </h1>
+<p> I hope you find mimeTeX useful.  If so, a contribution to your
+  country's <a href="http://www.tug.org" target="_top">TeX Users Group</a>,
+  or to the <a href="http://www.gnu.org" target="_top">GNU</a> project, is
+  suggested, especially if you're a company that's currently profitable. </p>
+<!--
+<p> If you also like mimeTeX's source, I'm an independent contractor
+  incorporated in the US as John Forkosh Associates, Inc.
+  A <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/resume.html" target="_top">resume</a>
+  is at <a href="http://www.forkosh.com" target="_top">www.forkosh.com</a>
+  or email
+  <a href="mailto:john&#64;forkosh&#46;com">john&#64;forkosh&#46;com</a> </p>
+-->
+<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+Footer across bottom of page
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+<hr size=4>
+<table> <tr>
+ <td> <font size=3 color="maroon"> <b>
+  <nobr>Copyright <font size=5>&copy;</font> 2002-2006,
+  <a href="http://www.forkosh.com">John Forkosh Associates, Inc.</a>
+  </nobr><br>
+  email: <a href="mailto:john&#64;forkosh&#46;com">john&#64;forkosh&#46;com</a>
+  </b> </font> </td>
+ <td> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{100}" alt="" border=0> </td>
+ <td> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\blue{\small\rm You're the }
+       \Large\counter[counters.log]{counters.txt:mimetex.html}\\[0]
+       {\small\rm visitor to this page." alt="" border=0 align=bottom> </td>
+</tr> </table>
+</body>
+</html>
+<!-- end-of-file mimetex.html -->