mime-types 1.17.2 → 3.0

data/lib/mime/types.rb

@@ -1,848 +1,228 @@
-# -*- ruby encoding: utf-8 -*-
-
-# The namespace for MIME applications, tools, and libraries.
+##
 module MIME
-  # Reflects a MIME Content-Type which is in invalid format (e.g., it isn't
-  # in the form of type/subtype).
-  class InvalidContentType < RuntimeError; end
-
-  # The definition of one MIME content-type.
-  #
-  # == Usage
-  #  require 'mime/types'
-  #
-  #  plaintext = MIME::Types['text/plain']
-  #  print plaintext.media_type           # => 'text'
-  #  print plaintext.sub_type             # => 'plain'
-  #
-  #  puts plaintext.extensions.join(" ")  # => 'asc txt c cc h hh cpp'
-  #
-  #  puts plaintext.encoding              # => 8bit
-  #  puts plaintext.binary?               # => false
-  #  puts plaintext.ascii?                # => true
-  #  puts plaintext == 'text/plain'       # => true
-  #  puts MIME::Type.simplified('x-appl/x-zip') # => 'appl/zip'
-  #
-  class Type
-    VERSION = '1.17.2'
-
-    include Comparable
-
-    MEDIA_TYPE_RE = %r{([-\w.+]+)/([-\w.+]*)}o
-    UNREG_RE      = %r{[Xx]-}o
-    ENCODING_RE   = %r{(?:base64|7bit|8bit|quoted\-printable)}o
-    PLATFORM_RE   = %r|#{RUBY_PLATFORM}|o
-
-    SIGNATURES    = %w(application/pgp-keys application/pgp
-                       application/pgp-signature application/pkcs10
-                       application/pkcs7-mime application/pkcs7-signature
-                       text/vcard)
-
-    IANA_URL      = "http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/%s/%s"
-    RFC_URL       = "http://rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc%s.txt"
-    DRAFT_URL     = "http://datatracker.ietf.org/public/idindex.cgi?command=id_details&filename=%s"
-    LTSW_URL      = "http://www.ltsw.se/knbase/internet/%s.htp"
-    CONTACT_URL   = "http://www.iana.org/assignments/contact-people.htm#%s"
-
-    # Returns +true+ if the simplified type matches the current 
-    def like?(other)
-      if other.respond_to?(:simplified)
-        @simplified == other.simplified
-      else
-        @simplified == Type.simplified(other)
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Compares the MIME::Type against the exact content type or the
-    # simplified type (the simplified type will be used if comparing against
-    # something that can be treated as a String with #to_s). In comparisons,
-    # this is done against the lowercase version of the MIME::Type.
-    def <=>(other)
-      if other.respond_to?(:content_type)
-        @content_type.downcase <=> other.content_type.downcase
-      elsif other.respond_to?(:to_s)
-        @simplified <=> Type.simplified(other.to_s)
-      else
-        @content_type.downcase <=> other.downcase
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Compares the MIME::Type based on how reliable it is before doing a
-    # normal <=> comparison. Used by MIME::Types#[] to sort types. The
-    # comparisons involved are:
-    #
-    # 1. self.simplified <=> other.simplified (ensures that we
-    #    don't try to compare different types)
-    # 2. IANA-registered definitions > other definitions.
-    # 3. Generic definitions > platform definitions.
-    # 3. Complete definitions > incomplete definitions.
-    # 4. Current definitions > obsolete definitions.
-    # 5. Obselete with use-instead references > obsolete without.
-    # 6. Obsolete use-instead definitions are compared.
-    def priority_compare(other)
-      pc = simplified <=> other.simplified
-
-      if pc.zero? and registered? != other.registered?
-        pc = registered? ? -1 : 1
-      end
-
-      if pc.zero? and platform? != other.platform?
-        pc = platform? ? 1 : -1
-      end
-
-      if pc.zero? and complete? != other.complete?
-        pc = complete? ? -1 : 1
-      end
-
-      if pc.zero? and obsolete? != other.obsolete?
-        pc = obsolete? ? 1 : -1
-      end
-
-      if pc.zero? and obsolete? and (use_instead != other.use_instead)
-        pc = if use_instead.nil?
-               -1
-             elsif other.use_instead.nil?
-               1
-             else
-               use_instead <=> other.use_instead
-             end
-      end
-
-      pc
-    end
-
-    # Returns +true+ if the other object is a MIME::Type and the content
-    # types match.
-    def eql?(other)
-      other.kind_of?(MIME::Type) and self == other
-    end
-
-    # Returns the whole MIME content-type string.
-    #
-    #   text/plain        => text/plain
-    #   x-chemical/x-pdb  => x-chemical/x-pdb
-    attr_reader :content_type
-    # Returns the media type of the simplified MIME type.
-    #
-    #   text/plain        => text
-    #   x-chemical/x-pdb  => chemical
-    attr_reader :media_type
-    # Returns the media type of the unmodified MIME type.
-    #
-    #   text/plain        => text
-    #   x-chemical/x-pdb  => x-chemical
-    attr_reader :raw_media_type
-    # Returns the sub-type of the simplified MIME type.
-    #
-    #   text/plain        => plain
-    #   x-chemical/x-pdb  => pdb
-    attr_reader :sub_type
-    # Returns the media type of the unmodified MIME type.
-    # 
-    #   text/plain        => plain
-    #   x-chemical/x-pdb  => x-pdb
-    attr_reader :raw_sub_type
-    # The MIME types main- and sub-label can both start with <tt>x-</tt>,
-    # which indicates that it is a non-registered name. Of course, after
-    # registration this flag can disappear, adds to the confusing
-    # proliferation of MIME types. The simplified string has the <tt>x-</tt>
-    # removed and are translated to lowercase.
-    #
-    #   text/plain        => text/plain
-    #   x-chemical/x-pdb  => chemical/pdb
-    attr_reader :simplified
-    # The list of extensions which are known to be used for this MIME::Type.
-    # Non-array values will be coerced into an array with #to_a. Array
-    # values will be flattened and +nil+ values removed.
-    attr_accessor :extensions
-    remove_method :extensions= ;
-    def extensions=(ext) #:nodoc:
-      @extensions = [ext].flatten.compact
-    end
-
-    # The encoding (7bit, 8bit, quoted-printable, or base64) required to
-    # transport the data of this content type safely across a network, which
-    # roughly corresponds to Content-Transfer-Encoding. A value of +nil+ or
-    # <tt>:default</tt> will reset the #encoding to the #default_encoding
-    # for the MIME::Type. Raises ArgumentError if the encoding provided is
-    # invalid.
-    #
-    # If the encoding is not provided on construction, this will be either
-    # 'quoted-printable' (for text/* media types) and 'base64' for eveything
-    # else.
-    attr_accessor :encoding
-    remove_method :encoding= ;
-    def encoding=(enc) #:nodoc:
-      if enc.nil? or enc == :default
-        @encoding = self.default_encoding
-      elsif enc =~ ENCODING_RE
-        @encoding = enc
-      else
-        raise ArgumentError, "The encoding must be nil, :default, base64, 7bit, 8bit, or quoted-printable."
-      end
-    end
-
-    # The regexp for the operating system that this MIME::Type is specific
-    # to.
-    attr_accessor :system
-    remove_method :system= ; 
-    def system=(os) #:nodoc:
-      if os.nil? or os.kind_of?(Regexp)
-        @system = os
-      else
-        @system = %r|#{os}|
-      end
-    end
-    # Returns the default encoding for the MIME::Type based on the media
-    # type.
-    attr_reader :default_encoding
-    remove_method :default_encoding
-    def default_encoding
-      (@media_type == 'text') ? 'quoted-printable' : 'base64'
-    end
-
-    # Returns the media type or types that should be used instead of this
-    # media type, if it is obsolete. If there is no replacement media type,
-    # or it is not obsolete, +nil+ will be returned.
-    attr_reader :use_instead
-    remove_method :use_instead
-    def use_instead
-      return nil unless @obsolete
-      @use_instead
-    end
-
-    # Returns +true+ if the media type is obsolete.
-    def obsolete?
-      @obsolete ? true : false
-    end
-    # Sets the obsolescence indicator for this media type.
-    attr_writer :obsolete
-
-    # The documentation for this MIME::Type. Documentation about media
-    # types will be found on a media type definition as a comment.
-    # Documentation will be found through #docs.
-    attr_accessor :docs
-    remove_method :docs= ;
-    def docs=(d)
-      if d
-        a = d.scan(%r{use-instead:#{MEDIA_TYPE_RE}})
-
-        if a.empty?
-          @use_instead = nil
-        else
-          @use_instead = a.map { |el| "#{el[0]}/#{el[1]}" }
-        end
-      end
-      @docs = d
-    end
-
-    # The encoded URL list for this MIME::Type. See #urls for more
-    # information.
-    attr_accessor :url
-    # The decoded URL list for this MIME::Type.
-    # The special URL value IANA will be translated into:
-    #   http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/<mediatype>/<subtype>
-    #
-    # The special URL value RFC### will be translated into:
-    #   http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc###.txt
-    #
-    # The special URL value DRAFT:name will be translated into:
-    #   https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/idindex.cgi?
-    #       command=id_detail&filename=<name>
-    #
-    # The special URL value LTSW will be translated into:
-    #   http://www.ltsw.se/knbase/internet/<mediatype>.htp
-    #
-    # The special URL value [token] will be translated into:
-    #   http://www.iana.org/assignments/contact-people.htm#<token>
-    #
-    # These values will be accessible through #urls, which always returns an
-    # array.
-    def urls
-      @url.map do |el|
-        case el
-        when %r{^IANA$}
-          IANA_URL % [ @media_type, @sub_type ]
-        when %r{^RFC(\d+)$}
-          RFC_URL % $1
-        when %r{^DRAFT:(.+)$}
-          DRAFT_URL % $1
-        when %r{^LTSW$}
-          LTSW_URL % @media_type
-        when %r<^\{([^=]+)=([^\]]+)\}>
-          [$1, $2]
-        when %r{^\[([^=]+)=([^\]]+)\]}
-          [$1, CONTACT_URL % $2]
-        when %r{^\[([^\]]+)\]}
-          CONTACT_URL % $1
-        else
-          el
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    class << self
-      # The MIME types main- and sub-label can both start with <tt>x-</tt>,
-      # which indicates that it is a non-registered name. Of course, after
-      # registration this flag can disappear, adds to the confusing
-      # proliferation of MIME types. The simplified string has the
-      # <tt>x-</tt> removed and are translated to lowercase.
-      def simplified(content_type)
-        matchdata = MEDIA_TYPE_RE.match(content_type)
-
-        if matchdata.nil?
-          simplified = nil
-        else
-          media_type = matchdata.captures[0].downcase.gsub(UNREG_RE, '')
-          subtype = matchdata.captures[1].downcase.gsub(UNREG_RE, '')
-          simplified = "#{media_type}/#{subtype}"
-        end
-        simplified
-      end
-
-      # Creates a MIME::Type from an array in the form of:
-      #   [type-name, [extensions], encoding, system]
-      #
-      # +extensions+, +encoding+, and +system+ are optional.
-      #
-      #   MIME::Type.from_array("application/x-ruby", ['rb'], '8bit')
-      #   MIME::Type.from_array(["application/x-ruby", ['rb'], '8bit'])
-      #
-      # These are equivalent to:
-      #
-      #   MIME::Type.new('application/x-ruby') do |t|
-      #     t.extensions  = %w(rb)
-      #     t.encoding    = '8bit'
-      #   end
-      def from_array(*args) #:yields MIME::Type.new:
-        # Dereferences the array one level, if necessary.
-        args = args[0] if args[0].kind_of?(Array)
-
-        if args.size.between?(1, 8)
-          m = MIME::Type.new(args[0]) do |t|
-            t.extensions  = args[1] if args.size > 1
-            t.encoding    = args[2] if args.size > 2
-            t.system      = args[3] if args.size > 3
-            t.obsolete    = args[4] if args.size > 4
-            t.docs        = args[5] if args.size > 5
-            t.url         = args[6] if args.size > 6
-            t.registered  = args[7] if args.size > 7
-          end
-          yield m if block_given?
-        else
-          raise ArgumentError, "Array provided must contain between one and eight elements."
-        end
-        m
-      end
-
-      # Creates a MIME::Type from a hash. Keys are case-insensitive,
-      # dashes may be replaced with underscores, and the internal Symbol
-      # of the lowercase-underscore version can be used as well. That is,
-      # Content-Type can be provided as content-type, Content_Type,
-      # content_type, or :content_type.
-      #
-      # Known keys are <tt>Content-Type</tt>,
-      # <tt>Content-Transfer-Encoding</tt>, <tt>Extensions</tt>, and
-      # <tt>System</tt>.
-      #
-      #   MIME::Type.from_hash('Content-Type' => 'text/x-yaml',
-      #                        'Content-Transfer-Encoding' => '8bit',
-      #                        'System' => 'linux',
-      #                        'Extensions' => ['yaml', 'yml'])
-      #
-      # This is equivalent to:
-      #
-      #   MIME::Type.new('text/x-yaml') do |t|
-      #     t.encoding    = '8bit'
-      #     t.system      = 'linux'
-      #     t.extensions  = ['yaml', 'yml']
-      #   end
-      def from_hash(hash) #:yields MIME::Type.new:
-        type = {}
-        hash.each_pair do |k, v| 
-          type[k.to_s.tr('A-Z', 'a-z').gsub(/-/, '_').to_sym] = v
-        end
-
-        m = MIME::Type.new(type[:content_type]) do |t|
-          t.extensions  = type[:extensions]
-          t.encoding    = type[:content_transfer_encoding]
-          t.system      = type[:system]
-          t.obsolete    = type[:obsolete]
-          t.docs        = type[:docs]
-          t.url         = type[:url]
-          t.registered  = type[:registered]
-        end
-
-        yield m if block_given?
-        m
-      end
-
-      # Essentially a copy constructor.
-      #
-      #   MIME::Type.from_mime_type(plaintext)
-      #
-      # is equivalent to:
-      #
-      #   MIME::Type.new(plaintext.content_type.dup) do |t|
-      #     t.extensions  = plaintext.extensions.dup
-      #     t.system      = plaintext.system.dup
-      #     t.encoding    = plaintext.encoding.dup
-      #   end
-      def from_mime_type(mime_type) #:yields the new MIME::Type:
-        m = MIME::Type.new(mime_type.content_type.dup) do |t|
-          t.extensions = mime_type.extensions.map { |e| e.dup }
-          t.url = mime_type.url && mime_type.url.map { |e| e.dup }
-
-          mime_type.system && t.system = mime_type.system.dup
-          mime_type.encoding && t.encoding = mime_type.encoding.dup
-
-          t.obsolete = mime_type.obsolete?
-          t.registered = mime_type.registered?
-
-          mime_type.docs && t.docs = mime_type.docs.dup
-          
-        end
-
-        yield m if block_given?
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Builds a MIME::Type object from the provided MIME Content Type value
-    # (e.g., 'text/plain' or 'applicaton/x-eruby'). The constructed object
-    # is yielded to an optional block for additional configuration, such as
-    # associating extensions and encoding information.
-    def initialize(content_type) #:yields self:
-      matchdata = MEDIA_TYPE_RE.match(content_type)
-
-      if matchdata.nil?
-        raise InvalidContentType, "Invalid Content-Type provided ('#{content_type}')"
-      end
-
-      @content_type = content_type
-      @raw_media_type = matchdata.captures[0]
-      @raw_sub_type = matchdata.captures[1]
-
-      @simplified = MIME::Type.simplified(@content_type)
-      matchdata = MEDIA_TYPE_RE.match(@simplified)
-      @media_type = matchdata.captures[0]
-      @sub_type = matchdata.captures[1]
-
-      self.extensions   = nil
-      self.encoding     = :default
-      self.system       = nil
-      self.registered   = true
-      self.url          = nil
-      self.obsolete     = nil
-      self.docs         = nil
-
-      yield self if block_given?
-    end
-
-    # MIME content-types which are not regestered by IANA nor defined in
-    # RFCs are required to start with <tt>x-</tt>. This counts as well for
-    # a new media type as well as a new sub-type of an existing media
-    # type. If either the media-type or the content-type begins with
-    # <tt>x-</tt>, this method will return +false+.
-    def registered?
-      if (@raw_media_type =~ UNREG_RE) || (@raw_sub_type =~ UNREG_RE)
-        false
-      else
-        @registered
-      end
-    end
-    attr_writer :registered #:nodoc:
-
-    # MIME types can be specified to be sent across a network in particular
-    # formats. This method returns +true+ when the MIME type encoding is set
-    # to <tt>base64</tt>.
-    def binary?
-      @encoding == 'base64'
-    end
-
-    # MIME types can be specified to be sent across a network in particular
-    # formats. This method returns +false+ when the MIME type encoding is
-    # set to <tt>base64</tt>.
-    def ascii?
-      not binary?
-    end
-
-    # Returns +true+ when the simplified MIME type is in the list of known
-    # digital signatures.
-    def signature?
-      SIGNATURES.include?(@simplified.downcase)
-    end
-
-    # Returns +true+ if the MIME::Type is specific to an operating system.
-    def system?
-      not @system.nil?
-    end
-
-    # Returns +true+ if the MIME::Type is specific to the current operating
-    # system as represented by RUBY_PLATFORM.
-    def platform?
-      system? and (RUBY_PLATFORM =~ @system)
-    end
-
-    # Returns +true+ if the MIME::Type specifies an extension list,
-    # indicating that it is a complete MIME::Type.
-    def complete?
-      not @extensions.empty?
-    end
+  ##
+  class Types
+  end
+end
 
-    # Returns the MIME type as a string.
-    def to_s
-      @content_type
-    end
+require 'mime/types/logger'
+require 'mime/types/container'
+require 'mime/type'
+require 'mime/types/cache'
+require 'mime/types/loader'
+
+# MIME::Types is a registry of MIME types. It is both a class (created with
+# MIME::Types.new) and a default registry (loaded automatically or through
+# interactions with MIME::Types.[] and MIME::Types.type_for).
+#
+# == The Default mime-types Registry
+#
+# The default mime-types registry is loaded automatically when the library
+# is required (<tt>require 'mime/types'</tt>), but it may be lazily loaded
+# (loaded on first use) with the use of the environment variable
+# +RUBY_MIME_TYPES_LAZY_LOAD+ having any value other than +false+. The
+# initial startup is about 14× faster (~10 ms vs ~140 ms), but the
+# registry will be loaded at some point in the future.
+#
+# The default mime-types registry can also be loaded from a Marshal cache
+# file specific to the version of MIME::Types being loaded. This will be
+# handled automatically with the use of a file referred to in the
+# environment variable +RUBY_MIME_TYPES_CACHE+. MIME::Types will attempt to
+# load the registry from this cache file (MIME::Type::Cache.load); if it
+# cannot be loaded (because the file does not exist, there is an error, or
+# the data is for a different version of mime-types), the default registry
+# will be loaded from the normal JSON version and then the cache file will
+# be *written* to the location indicated by +RUBY_MIME_TYPES_CACHE+. Cache
+# file loads just over 4½× faster (~30 ms vs ~140 ms).
+# loads.
+#
+# Notes:
+# * The loading of the default registry is *not* atomic; when using a
+#   multi-threaded environment, it is recommended that lazy loading is not
+#   used and mime-types is loaded as early as possible.
+# * Cache files should be specified per application in a multiprocess
+#   environment and should be initialized during deployment or before
+#   forking to minimize the chance that the multiple processes will be
+#   trying to write to the same cache file at the same time, or that two
+#   applications that are on different versions of mime-types would be
+#   thrashing the cache.
+# * Unless cache files are preinitialized, the application using the
+#   mime-types cache file must have read/write permission to the cache file.
+#
+# == Usage
+#  require 'mime/types'
+#
+#  plaintext = MIME::Types['text/plain']
+#  print plaintext.media_type           # => 'text'
+#  print plaintext.sub_type             # => 'plain'
+#
+#  puts plaintext.extensions.join(" ")  # => 'asc txt c cc h hh cpp'
+#
+#  puts plaintext.encoding              # => 8bit
+#  puts plaintext.binary?               # => false
+#  puts plaintext.ascii?                # => true
+#  puts plaintext.obsolete?             # => false
+#  puts plaintext.registered?           # => true
+#  puts plaintext == 'text/plain'       # => true
+#  puts MIME::Type.simplified('x-appl/x-zip') # => 'appl/zip'
+#
+class MIME::Types
+  # The release version of Ruby MIME::Types
+  VERSION = MIME::Type::VERSION
+
+  include Enumerable
+
+  # Creates a new MIME::Types registry.
+  def initialize
+    @type_variants    = Container.new
+    @extension_index  = Container.new
+  end
 
-    # Returns the MIME type as a string for implicit conversions.
-    def to_str
-      @content_type
-    end
+  # Returns the number of known type variants.
+  def count
+    @type_variants.values.inject(0) { |a, e| a + e.size }
+  end
 
-    # Returns the MIME type as an array suitable for use with
-    # MIME::Type.from_array.
-    def to_a
-      [ @content_type, @extensions, @encoding, @system, @obsolete, @docs,
-        @url, registered? ]
-    end
+  def inspect # :nodoc:
+    "#<#{self.class}: #{count} variants, #{@extension_index.count} extensions>"
+  end
 
-    # Returns the MIME type as an array suitable for use with
-    # MIME::Type.from_hash.
-    def to_hash
-      { 'Content-Type'              => @content_type,
-        'Content-Transfer-Encoding' => @encoding,
-        'Extensions'                => @extensions,
-        'System'                    => @system,
-        'Obsolete'                  => @obsolete,
-        'Docs'                      => @docs,
-        'URL'                       => @url,
-        'Registered'                => registered?,
-      }
+  # Iterates through the type variants.
+  def each
+    if block_given?
+      @type_variants.each_value { |tv| tv.each { |t| yield t } }
+    else
+      enum_for(:each)
     end
   end
 
-  # = MIME::Types
-  # MIME types are used in MIME-compliant communications, as in e-mail or
-  # HTTP traffic, to indicate the type of content which is transmitted.
-  # MIME::Types provides the ability for detailed information about MIME
-  # entities (provided as a set of MIME::Type objects) to be determined and
-  # used programmatically. There are many types defined by RFCs and vendors,
-  # so the list is long but not complete; don't hesitate to ask to add
-  # additional information. This library follows the IANA collection of MIME
-  # types (see below for reference).
-  #
-  # == Description
-  # MIME types are used in MIME entities, as in email or HTTP traffic. It is
-  # useful at times to have information available about MIME types (or,
-  # inversely, about files). A MIME::Type stores the known information about
-  # one MIME type.
-  #
-  # == Usage
-  #  require 'mime/types'
-  #
-  #  plaintext = MIME::Types['text/plain']
-  #  print plaintext.media_type           # => 'text'
-  #  print plaintext.sub_type             # => 'plain'
-  #
-  #  puts plaintext.extensions.join(" ")  # => 'asc txt c cc h hh cpp'
+  @__types__ = nil
+
+  # Returns a list of MIME::Type objects, which may be empty. The optional
+  # flag parameters are <tt>:complete</tt> (finds only complete MIME::Type
+  # objects) and <tt>:registered</tt> (finds only MIME::Types that are
+  # registered). It is possible for multiple matches to be returned for
+  # either type (in the example below, 'text/plain' returns two values --
+  # one for the general case, and one for VMS systems).
   #
-  #  puts plaintext.encoding              # => 8bit
-  #  puts plaintext.binary?               # => false
-  #  puts plaintext.ascii?                # => true
-  #  puts plaintext.obsolete?             # => false
-  #  puts plaintext.registered?           # => true
-  #  puts plaintext == 'text/plain'       # => true
-  #  puts MIME::Type.simplified('x-appl/x-zip') # => 'appl/zip'
+  #   puts "\nMIME::Types['text/plain']"
+  #   MIME::Types['text/plain'].each { |t| puts t.to_a.join(", ") }
   #
-  # This module is built to conform to the MIME types of RFCs 2045 and 2231.
-  # It follows the official IANA registry at
-  # http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/ and
-  # ftp://ftp.iana.org/assignments/media-types with some unofficial types
-  # added from the the collection at
-  # http://www.ltsw.se/knbase/internet/mime.htp
+  #   puts "\nMIME::Types[/^image/, complete: true]"
+  #   MIME::Types[/^image/, :complete => true].each do |t|
+  #     puts t.to_a.join(", ")
+  #   end
   #
-  # This is originally based on Perl MIME::Types by Mark Overmeer.
+  # If multiple type definitions are returned, returns them sorted as
+  # follows:
+  #   1. Complete definitions sort before incomplete ones;
+  #   2. IANA-registered definitions sort before LTSW-recorded
+  #      definitions.
+  #   3. Current definitions sort before obsolete ones;
+  #   4. Obsolete definitions with use-instead clauses sort before those
+  #      without;
+  #   5. Obsolete definitions use-instead clauses are compared.
+  #   6. Sort on name.
+  def [](type_id, complete: false, registered: false)
+    matches = case type_id
+              when MIME::Type
+                @type_variants[type_id.simplified]
+              when Regexp
+                match(type_id)
+              else
+                @type_variants[MIME::Type.simplified(type_id)]
+              end
+
+    prune_matches(matches, complete, registered).sort { |a, b|
+      a.priority_compare(b)
+    }
+  end
+
+  # Return the list of MIME::Types which belongs to the file based on its
+  # filename extension. If there is no extension, the filename will be used
+  # as the matching criteria on its own.
   #
-  # = Author
-  # Copyright:: Copyright (c) 2002 - 2009 by Austin Ziegler
-  #             <austin@rubyforge.org>
-  # Version::   1.17.2
-  # Based On::  Perl
-  #             MIME::Types[http://search.cpan.org/author/MARKOV/MIME-Types-1.27/MIME/Types.pm],
-  #             Copyright (c) 2001 - 2009 by Mark Overmeer
-  #             <mimetypes@overmeer.net>.
-  # Licence::   Ruby's, Perl Artistic, or GPL version 2 (or later)
-  # See Also::  http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/
-  #             http://www.ltsw.se/knbase/internet/mime.htp
+  # This will always return a merged, flatten, priority sorted, unique array.
   #
-  class Types
-    # The released version of Ruby MIME::Types
-    VERSION = '1.17.2'
-
-      # The data version.
-    attr_reader :data_version
-
-    def initialize(data_version = nil)
-      @type_variants    = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }
-      @extension_index  = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }
-      @data_version = data_version
-    end
-
-    def add_type_variant(mime_type) #:nodoc:
-      @type_variants[mime_type.simplified] << mime_type
-    end
-
-    def index_extensions(mime_type) #:nodoc:
-      mime_type.extensions.each { |ext| @extension_index[ext] << mime_type }
-    end
-
-    def defined_types #:nodoc:
-      @type_variants.values.flatten
-    end
-
-    @__types__ = self.new(VERSION)
+  #   puts MIME::Types.type_for('citydesk.xml')
+  #     => [application/xml, text/xml]
+  #   puts MIME::Types.type_for('citydesk.gif')
+  #     => [image/gif]
+  #   puts MIME::Types.type_for(%w(citydesk.xml citydesk.gif))
+  #     => [application/xml, image/gif, text/xml]
+  def type_for(filename)
+    Array(filename).flat_map { |fn|
+      @extension_index[fn.chomp.downcase[/\.?([^.]*?)$/, 1]]
+    }.compact.inject(:+).sort { |a, b|
+      a.priority_compare(b)
+    }
+  end
+  alias_method :of, :type_for
 
-    # Returns a list of MIME::Type objects, which may be empty. The optional
-    # flag parameters are :complete (finds only complete MIME::Type objects)
-    # and :platform (finds only MIME::Types for the current platform). It is
-    # possible for multiple matches to be returned for either type (in the
-    # example below, 'text/plain' returns two values -- one for the general
-    # case, and one for VMS systems.
-    #
-    #   puts "\nMIME::Types['text/plain']"
-    #   MIME::Types['text/plain'].each { |t| puts t.to_a.join(", ") }
-    #
-    #   puts "\nMIME::Types[/^image/, :complete => true]"
-    #   MIME::Types[/^image/, :complete => true].each do |t|
-    #     puts t.to_a.join(", ")
-    #   end
-    #
-    # If multiple type definitions are returned, returns them sorted as
-    # follows:
-    #   1. Complete definitions sort before incomplete ones;
-    #   2. IANA-registered definitions sort before LTSW-recorded
-    #      definitions.
-    #   3. Generic definitions sort before platform-specific ones;
-    #   4. Current definitions sort before obsolete ones;
-    #   5. Obsolete definitions with use-instead clauses sort before those
-    #      without;
-    #   6. Obsolete definitions use-instead clauses are compared.
-    #   7. Sort on name.
-    def [](type_id, flags = {})
-      if type_id.kind_of?(Regexp)
-        matches = []
-        @type_variants.each_key do |k|
-          matches << @type_variants[k] if k =~ type_id
-        end
-        matches.flatten!
-      elsif type_id.kind_of?(MIME::Type)
-        matches = [type_id]
+  # Add one or more MIME::Type objects to the set of known types. If the
+  # type is already known, a warning will be displayed.
+  #
+  # The last parameter may be the value <tt>:silent</tt> or +true+ which
+  # will suppress duplicate MIME type warnings.
+  def add(*types)
+    quiet = ((types.last == :silent) or (types.last == true))
+
+    types.each do |mime_type|
+      case mime_type
+      when true, false, nil, Symbol
+        nil
+      when MIME::Types
+        variants = mime_type.instance_variable_get(:@type_variants)
+        add(*variants.values.inject(:+).to_a, quiet)
+      when Array
+        add(*mime_type, quiet)
       else
-        matches = @type_variants[MIME::Type.simplified(type_id)]
+        add_type(mime_type, quiet)
       end
-
-      matches.delete_if { |e| not e.complete? } if flags[:complete]
-      matches.delete_if { |e| not e.platform? } if flags[:platform]
-
-      matches.sort { |a, b| a.priority_compare(b) }
-    end
-
-    # Return the list of MIME::Types which belongs to the file based on its
-    # filename extension. If +platform+ is +true+, then only file types that
-    # are specific to the current platform will be returned.
-    #
-    #   puts "MIME::Types.type_for('citydesk.xml')
-    #     => "#{MIME::Types.type_for('citydesk.xml')}"
-    #   puts "MIME::Types.type_for('citydesk.gif')
-    #     => "#{MIME::Types.type_for('citydesk.gif')}"
-    def type_for(filename, platform = false)
-      ext = filename.chomp.downcase.gsub(/.*\./o, '')
-      list = @extension_index[ext]
-      list.delete_if { |e| not e.platform? } if platform
-      list
-    end
-
-    # A synonym for MIME::Types.type_for
-    def of(filename, platform = false)
-      type_for(filename, platform)
     end
+  end
 
-    # Add one or more MIME::Type objects to the set of known types. Each
-    # type should be experimental (e.g., 'application/x-ruby'). If the type
-    # is already known, a warning will be displayed.
-    #
-    # <strong>Please inform the maintainer of this module when registered
-    # types are missing.</strong>
-    def add(*types)
-      types.each do |mime_type|
-        if mime_type.kind_of? MIME::Types
-          add(*mime_type.defined_types)
-        else
-          if @type_variants.include?(mime_type.simplified)
-            if @type_variants[mime_type.simplified].include?(mime_type)
-              warn "Type #{mime_type} already registered as a variant of #{mime_type.simplified}." unless defined? MIME::Types::STARTUP
-            end
-          end
-          add_type_variant(mime_type)
-          index_extensions(mime_type)
-        end
-      end
+  # Add a single MIME::Type object to the set of known types. If the +type+ is
+  # already known, a warning will be displayed. The +quiet+ parameter may be a
+  # truthy value to suppress that warning.
+  def add_type(type, quiet = false)
+    if !quiet and @type_variants[type.simplified].include?(type)
+      MIME::Types.logger.warn <<-warning
+Type #{type} is already registered as a variant of #{type.simplified}.
+      warning
     end
 
-    class << self
-      def add_type_variant(mime_type) #:nodoc:
-        @__types__.add_type_variant(mime_type)
-      end
-
-      def index_extensions(mime_type) #:nodoc:
-        @__types__.index_extensions(mime_type)
-      end
-
-      # The regular expression used to match a file-based MIME type
-      # definition.
-      TEXT_FORMAT_RE = %r{
-        ^
-        \s*
-        ([*])?                                 # 0: Unregistered?
-        (!)?                                   # 1: Obsolete?
-        (?:(\w+):)?                            # 2: Platform marker
-        #{MIME::Type::MEDIA_TYPE_RE}           # 3,4: Media type
-        (?:\s+@([^\s]+))?                      # 5: Extensions
-        (?:\s+:(#{MIME::Type::ENCODING_RE}))?  # 6: Encoding
-        (?:\s+'(.+))?                          # 7: URL list
-        (?:\s+=(.+))?                          # 8: Documentation
-        \s*
-        $
-      }x
-
-      # Build the type list from a file in the format:
-      #
-      #   [*][!][os:]mt/st[<ws>@ext][<ws>:enc][<ws>'url-list][<ws>=docs]
-      #
-      # == *
-      # An unofficial MIME type. This should be used if and only if the MIME type
-      # is not properly specified (that is, not under either x-type or
-      # vnd.name.type).
-      #
-      # == !
-      # An obsolete MIME type. May be used with an unofficial MIME type.
-      #
-      # == os:
-      # Platform-specific MIME type definition.
-      #
-      # == mt
-      # The media type.
-      #
-      # == st
-      # The media subtype.
-      #
-      # == <ws>@ext
-      # The list of comma-separated extensions.
-      #
-      # == <ws>:enc
-      # The encoding.
-      #
-      # == <ws>'url-list
-      # The list of comma-separated URLs.
-      #
-      # == <ws>=docs
-      # The documentation string.
-      #
-      # That is, everything except the media type and the subtype is optional. The
-      # more information that's available, though, the richer the values that can
-      # be provided.
-      def load_from_file(filename) #:nodoc:
-        if defined? ::Encoding
-          data = File.open(filename, 'r:UTF-8') { |f| f.read }
-        else
-          data = File.open(filename) { |f| f.read }
-        end
-        data = data.split($/)
-        mime = MIME::Types.new
-        data.each_with_index { |line, index|
-          item = line.chomp.strip.gsub(%r{#.*}o, '')
-          next if item.empty?
-
-          begin
-            m = TEXT_FORMAT_RE.match(item).captures
-          rescue Exception => ex
-            puts "#{filename}:#{index}: Parsing error in MIME type definitions."
-            puts "=> #{line}"
-            raise
-          end
-
-          unregistered, obsolete, platform, mediatype, subtype, extensions,
-            encoding, urls, docs = *m
-
-          extensions &&= extensions.split(/,/)
-          urls &&= urls.split(/,/)
-
-          mime_type = MIME::Type.new("#{mediatype}/#{subtype}") do |t|
-            t.extensions  = extensions
-            t.encoding    = encoding
-            t.system      = platform
-            t.obsolete    = obsolete
-            t.registered  = false if unregistered
-            t.docs        = docs
-            t.url         = urls
-          end
+    add_type_variant!(type)
+    index_extensions!(type)
+  end
 
-          mime.add(mime_type)
-        }
-        mime
-      end
+  private
 
-      # Returns a list of MIME::Type objects, which may be empty. The
-      # optional flag parameters are :complete (finds only complete
-      # MIME::Type objects) and :platform (finds only MIME::Types for the
-      # current platform). It is possible for multiple matches to be
-      # returned for either type (in the example below, 'text/plain' returns
-      # two values -- one for the general case, and one for VMS systems.
-      #
-      #   puts "\nMIME::Types['text/plain']"
-      #   MIME::Types['text/plain'].each { |t| puts t.to_a.join(", ") }
-      #
-      #   puts "\nMIME::Types[/^image/, :complete => true]"
-      #   MIME::Types[/^image/, :complete => true].each do |t|
-      #     puts t.to_a.join(", ")
-      #   end
-      def [](type_id, flags = {})
-        @__types__[type_id, flags]
-      end
+  def add_type_variant!(mime_type)
+    @type_variants[mime_type.simplified] << mime_type
+  end
 
-      # Return the list of MIME::Types which belongs to the file based on
-      # its filename extension. If +platform+ is +true+, then only file
-      # types that are specific to the current platform will be returned.
-      #
-      #   puts "MIME::Types.type_for('citydesk.xml')
-      #     => "#{MIME::Types.type_for('citydesk.xml')}"
-      #   puts "MIME::Types.type_for('citydesk.gif')
-      #     => "#{MIME::Types.type_for('citydesk.gif')}"
-      def type_for(filename, platform = false)
-        @__types__.type_for(filename, platform)
-      end
+  def reindex_extensions!(mime_type)
+    return unless @type_variants[mime_type.simplified].include?(mime_type)
+    index_extensions!(mime_type)
+  end
 
-      # A synonym for MIME::Types.type_for
-      def of(filename, platform = false)
-        @__types__.type_for(filename, platform)
-      end
+  def index_extensions!(mime_type)
+    mime_type.extensions.each { |ext| @extension_index[ext] << mime_type }
+  end
 
-      # Add one or more MIME::Type objects to the set of known types. Each
-      # type should be experimental (e.g., 'application/x-ruby'). If the
-      # type is already known, a warning will be displayed.
-      #
-      # <strong>Please inform the maintainer of this module when registered
-      # types are missing.</strong>
-      def add(*types)
-        @__types__.add(*types)
-      end
-    end
+  def prune_matches(matches, complete, registered)
+    matches.delete_if { |e| !e.complete? } if complete
+    matches.delete_if { |e| !e.registered? } if registered
+    matches
+  end
 
-    files = Dir[File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'types', '*')]
-    MIME::Types::STARTUP = true unless $DEBUG
-    files.sort.each { |file| add load_from_file(file) }
-    remove_const :STARTUP if defined? STARTUP
+  def match(pattern)
+    @type_variants.select { |k, _|
+      k =~ pattern
+    }.values.inject(:+)
   end
 end
 
-# vim: ft=ruby
+require 'mime/types/columnar' unless defined?(MIME::Types::Columnar)
+require 'mime/types/registry'