middleman 0.11.5 → 0.12.0.pre

data/lib/middleman/vendor/gems/gems/diff-lcs-1.1.2/lib/diff/lcs.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1105 @@
+#! /usr/env/bin ruby
+#--
+# Copyright 2004 Austin Ziegler <diff-lcs@halostatue.ca>
+#   adapted from:
+#     Algorithm::Diff (Perl) by Ned Konz <perl@bike-nomad.com>
+#     Smalltalk by Mario I. Wolczko <mario@wolczko.com>
+#   implements McIlroy-Hunt diff algorithm
+#
+# This program is free software. It may be redistributed and/or modified
+# under the terms of the GPL version 2 (or later), the Perl Artistic
+# licence, or the Ruby licence.
+# 
+# $Id: lcs.rb,v 1.9 2004/10/17 20:31:10 austin Exp $
+#++
+
+module Diff
+    # = Diff::LCS 1.1.2
+    # Computes "intelligent" differences between two sequenced Enumerables.
+    # This is an implementation of the McIlroy-Hunt "diff" algorithm for
+    # Enumerable objects that include Diffable.
+    #
+    # Based on Mario I. Wolczko's <mario@wolczko.com> Smalltalk version
+    # (1.2, 1993) and Ned Konz's <perl@bike-nomad.com> Perl version
+    # (Algorithm::Diff).
+    #
+    # == Synopsis
+    #   require 'diff/lcs'
+    #
+    #   seq1 = %w(a b c e h j l m n p)
+    #   seq2 = %w(b c d e f j k l m r s t)
+    #
+    #   lcs = Diff::LCS.LCS(seq1, seq2)
+    #   diffs = Diff::LCS.diff(seq1, seq2)
+    #   sdiff = Diff::LCS.sdiff(seq1, seq2)
+    #   seq = Diff::LCS.traverse_sequences(seq1, seq2, callback_obj)
+    #   bal = Diff::LCS.traverse_balanced(seq1, seq2, callback_obj)
+    #   seq2 == Diff::LCS.patch(seq1, diffs)
+    #   seq2 == Diff::LCS.patch!(seq1, diffs)
+    #   seq1 == Diff::LCS.unpatch(seq2, diffs)
+    #   seq1 == Diff::LCS.unpatch!(seq2, diffs)
+    #   seq2 == Diff::LCS.patch(seq1, sdiff)
+    #   seq2 == Diff::LCS.patch!(seq1, sdiff)
+    #   seq1 == Diff::LCS.unpatch(seq2, sdiff)
+    #   seq1 == Diff::LCS.unpatch!(seq2, sdiff)
+    #
+    # Alternatively, objects can be extended with Diff::LCS:
+    #
+    #   seq1.extend(Diff::LCS)
+    #   lcs = seq1.lcs(seq2)
+    #   diffs = seq1.diff(seq2)
+    #   sdiff = seq1.sdiff(seq2)
+    #   seq = seq1.traverse_sequences(seq2, callback_obj)
+    #   bal = seq1.traverse_balanced(seq2, callback_obj)
+    #   seq2 == seq1.patch(diffs)
+    #   seq2 == seq1.patch!(diffs)
+    #   seq1 == seq2.unpatch(diffs)
+    #   seq1 == seq2.unpatch!(diffs)
+    #   seq2 == seq1.patch(sdiff)
+    #   seq2 == seq1.patch!(sdiff)
+    #   seq1 == seq2.unpatch(sdiff)
+    #   seq1 == seq2.unpatch!(sdiff)
+    # 
+    # Default extensions are provided for Array and String objects through
+    # the use of 'diff/lcs/array' and 'diff/lcs/string'.
+    #
+    # == Introduction (by Mark-Jason Dominus)
+    # 
+    # <em>The following text is from the Perl documentation. The only
+    # changes have been to make the text appear better in Rdoc</em>.
+    #
+    # I once read an article written by the authors of +diff+; they said
+    # that they hard worked very hard on the algorithm until they found the
+    # right one.
+    #
+    # I think what they ended up using (and I hope someone will correct me,
+    # because I am not very confident about this) was the `longest common
+    # subsequence' method. In the LCS problem, you have two sequences of
+    # items:
+    #
+    #    a b c d f g h j q z
+    #    a b c d e f g i j k r x y z
+    #
+    # and you want to find the longest sequence of items that is present in
+    # both original sequences in the same order. That is, you want to find a
+    # new sequence *S* which can be obtained from the first sequence by
+    # deleting some items, and from the second sequence by deleting other
+    # items. You also want *S* to be as long as possible. In this case *S*
+    # is:
+    # 
+    #    a b c d f g j z
+    #
+    # From there it's only a small step to get diff-like output:
+    #
+    #    e   h i   k   q r x y
+    #    +   - +   +   - + + +
+    #
+    # This module solves the LCS problem. It also includes a canned function
+    # to generate +diff+-like output.
+    #
+    # It might seem from the example above that the LCS of two sequences is
+    # always pretty obvious, but that's not always the case, especially when
+    # the two sequences have many repeated elements. For example, consider
+    #
+    #    a x b y c z p d q
+    #    a b c a x b y c z
+    #
+    # A naive approach might start by matching up the +a+ and +b+ that
+    # appear at the beginning of each sequence, like this:
+    # 
+    #    a x b y c         z p d q
+    #    a   b   c a b y c z
+    #
+    # This finds the common subsequence +a b c z+. But actually, the LCS is
+    # +a x b y c z+:
+    #
+    #          a x b y c z p d q
+    #    a b c a x b y c z
+    #
+    # == Author
+    # This version is by Austin Ziegler <diff-lcs@halostatue.ca>.
+    #
+    # It is based on the Perl Algorithm::Diff by Ned Konz
+    # <perl@bike-nomad.com>, copyright &copy; 2000 - 2002 and the Smalltalk
+    # diff version by Mario I. Wolczko <mario@wolczko.com>, copyright &copy;
+    # 1993. Documentation includes work by Mark-Jason Dominus.
+    #
+    # == Licence
+    # Copyright &copy; 2004 Austin Ziegler
+    # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    # under the same terms as Ruby, or alternatively under the Perl Artistic
+    # licence.
+    #
+    # == Credits
+    # Much of the documentation is taken directly from the Perl
+    # Algorithm::Diff implementation and was written originally by Mark-Jason
+    # Dominus <mjd-perl-diff@plover.com> and later by Ned Konz. The basic Ruby
+    # implementation was re-ported from the Smalltalk implementation, available
+    # at ftp://st.cs.uiuc.edu/pub/Smalltalk/MANCHESTER/manchester/4.0/diff.st
+    #
+    # #sdiff and #traverse_balanced were written for the Perl version by Mike
+    # Schilli <m@perlmeister.com>.
+    #
+    # "The algorithm is described in <em>A Fast Algorithm for Computing Longest
+    # Common Subsequences</em>, CACM, vol.20, no.5, pp.350-353, May 1977, with
+    # a few minor improvements to improve the speed."
+  module LCS
+    VERSION = '1.1.2'
+  end
+end
+
+require 'diff/lcs/callbacks'
+
+module Diff::LCS
+    # Returns an Array containing the longest common subsequence(s) between
+    # +self+ and +other+. See Diff::LCS#LCS.
+    #
+    #   lcs = seq1.lcs(seq2)
+  def lcs(other, &block) #:yields self[ii] if there are matched subsequences:
+    Diff::LCS.LCS(self, other, &block)
+  end
+
+    # Returns the difference set between +self+ and +other+. See
+    # Diff::LCS#diff.
+  def diff(other, callbacks = nil, &block)
+    Diff::LCS::diff(self, other, callbacks, &block)
+  end
+
+    # Returns the balanced ("side-by-side") difference set between +self+ and
+    # +other+. See Diff::LCS#sdiff.
+  def sdiff(other, callbacks = nil, &block)
+    Diff::LCS::sdiff(self, other, callbacks, &block)
+  end
+
+    # Traverses the discovered longest common subsequences between +self+ and
+    # +other+. See Diff::LCS#traverse_sequences.
+  def traverse_sequences(other, callbacks = nil, &block)
+    traverse_sequences(self, other, callbacks || Diff::LCS::YieldingCallbacks,
+                       &block)
+  end
+
+    # Traverses the discovered longest common subsequences between +self+ and
+    # +other+ using the alternate, balanced algorithm. See
+    # Diff::LCS#traverse_balanced.
+  def traverse_balanced(other, callbacks = nil, &block)
+    traverse_balanced(self, other, callbacks || Diff::LCS::YieldingCallbacks,
+                      &block)
+  end
+
+    # Attempts to patch a copy of +self+ with the provided +patchset+. See
+    # Diff::LCS#patch.
+  def patch(patchset)
+    Diff::LCS::patch(self.dup, patchset)
+  end
+
+    # Attempts to unpatch a copy of +self+ with the provided +patchset+.
+    # See Diff::LCS#patch.
+  def unpatch(patchset)
+    Diff::LCS::unpatch(self.dup, patchset)
+  end
+
+    # Attempts to patch +self+ with the provided +patchset+. See
+    # Diff::LCS#patch!. Does no autodiscovery.
+  def patch!(patchset)
+    Diff::LCS::patch!(self, patchset)
+  end
+
+    # Attempts to unpatch +self+ with the provided +patchset+. See
+    # Diff::LCS#unpatch. Does no autodiscovery.
+  def unpatch!(patchset)
+    Diff::LCS::unpatch!(self, patchset)
+  end
+end
+
+module Diff::LCS
+  class << self
+      # Given two sequenced Enumerables, LCS returns an Array containing their
+      # longest common subsequences.
+      #
+      #   lcs = Diff::LCS.LCS(seq1, seq2)
+      #
+      # This array whose contents is such that:
+      #
+      #   lcs.each_with_index do |ee, ii|
+      #     assert(ee.nil? || (seq1[ii] == seq2[ee]))
+      #   end
+      #
+      # If a block is provided, the matching subsequences will be yielded from
+      # +seq1+ in turn and may be modified before they are placed into the
+      # returned Array of subsequences.
+    def LCS(seq1, seq2, &block) #:yields seq1[ii] for each matched:
+      matches = Diff::LCS.__lcs(seq1, seq2)
+      ret = []
+      matches.each_with_index do |ee, ii|
+        unless matches[ii].nil?
+          if block_given?
+            ret << (yield seq1[ii])
+          else
+            ret << seq1[ii]
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      ret
+    end
+
+      # Diff::LCS.diff computes the smallest set of additions and deletions
+      # necessary to turn the first sequence into the second, and returns a
+      # description of these changes.
+      # 
+      # See Diff::LCS::DiffCallbacks for the default behaviour. An alternate
+      # behaviour may be implemented with Diff::LCS::ContextDiffCallbacks.
+      # If a Class argument is provided for +callbacks+, #diff will attempt
+      # to initialise it. If the +callbacks+ object (possibly initialised)
+      # responds to #finish, it will be called.
+    def diff(seq1, seq2, callbacks = nil, &block) # :yields diff changes:
+      callbacks ||= Diff::LCS::DiffCallbacks
+      if callbacks.kind_of?(Class)
+        cb = callbacks.new rescue callbacks
+        callbacks = cb
+      end
+      traverse_sequences(seq1, seq2, callbacks)
+      callbacks.finish if callbacks.respond_to?(:finish)
+
+      if block_given?
+        res = callbacks.diffs.map do |hunk|
+          if hunk.kind_of?(Array)
+            hunk = hunk.map { |block| yield block }
+          else
+            yield hunk
+          end
+        end
+        res
+      else
+        callbacks.diffs
+      end
+    end
+
+      # Diff::LCS.sdiff computes all necessary components to show two sequences
+      # and their minimized differences side by side, just like the Unix
+      # utility <em>sdiff</em> does:
+      #
+      #     old        <     -
+      #     same             same
+      #     before     |     after
+      #     -          >     new
+      #
+      # See Diff::LCS::SDiffCallbacks for the default behaviour. An alternate
+      # behaviour may be implemented with Diff::LCS::ContextDiffCallbacks. If
+      # a Class argument is provided for +callbacks+, #diff will attempt to
+      # initialise it. If the +callbacks+ object (possibly initialised)
+      # responds to #finish, it will be called.
+    def sdiff(seq1, seq2, callbacks = nil, &block) #:yields diff changes:
+      callbacks ||= Diff::LCS::SDiffCallbacks
+      if callbacks.kind_of?(Class)
+        cb = callbacks.new rescue callbacks
+        callbacks = cb
+      end
+      traverse_balanced(seq1, seq2, callbacks)
+      callbacks.finish if callbacks.respond_to?(:finish)
+
+      if block_given?
+        res = callbacks.diffs.map do |hunk|
+          if hunk.kind_of?(Array)
+            hunk = hunk.map { |block| yield block }
+          else
+            yield hunk
+          end
+        end
+        res
+      else
+        callbacks.diffs
+      end
+    end
+
+      # Diff::LCS.traverse_sequences is the most general facility provided by this
+      # module; +diff+ and +LCS+ are implemented as calls to it.
+      #
+      # The arguments to #traverse_sequences are the two sequences to
+      # traverse, and a callback object, like this:
+      #
+      #   traverse_sequences(seq1, seq2, Diff::LCS::ContextDiffCallbacks.new)
+      #
+      # #diff is implemented with #traverse_sequences.
+      #
+      # == Callback Methods
+      # Optional callback methods are <em>emphasized</em>.
+      #
+      # callbacks#match::               Called when +a+ and +b+ are pointing
+      #                                 to common elements in +A+ and +B+.
+      # callbacks#discard_a::           Called when +a+ is pointing to an
+      #                                 element not in +B+.
+      # callbacks#discard_b::           Called when +b+ is pointing to an
+      #                                 element not in +A+.
+      # <em>callbacks#finished_a</em>:: Called when +a+ has reached the end of
+      #                                 sequence +A+.
+      # <em>callbacks#finished_b</em>:: Called when +b+ has reached the end of
+      #                                 sequence +B+.
+      #
+      # == Algorithm
+      #       a---+
+      #           v
+      #       A = a b c e h j l m n p
+      #       B = b c d e f j k l m r s t
+      #           ^
+      #       b---+
+      #
+      # If there are two arrows (+a+ and +b+) pointing to elements of
+      # sequences +A+ and +B+, the arrows will initially point to the first
+      # elements of their respective sequences. #traverse_sequences will
+      # advance the arrows through the sequences one element at a time,
+      # calling a method on the user-specified callback object before each
+      # advance. It will advance the arrows in such a way that if there are
+      # elements <tt>A[ii]</tt> and <tt>B[jj]</tt> which are both equal and
+      # part of the longest common subsequence, there will be some moment
+      # during the execution of #traverse_sequences when arrow +a+ is pointing
+      # to <tt>A[ii]</tt> and arrow +b+ is pointing to <tt>B[jj]</tt>. When
+      # this happens, #traverse_sequences will call <tt>callbacks#match</tt>
+      # and then it will advance both arrows.
+      #
+      # Otherwise, one of the arrows is pointing to an element of its sequence
+      # that is not part of the longest common subsequence.
+      # #traverse_sequences will advance that arrow and will call
+      # <tt>callbacks#discard_a</tt> or <tt>callbacks#discard_b</tt>, depending
+      # on which arrow it advanced. If both arrows point to elements that are
+      # not part of the longest common subsequence, then #traverse_sequences
+      # will advance one of them and call the appropriate callback, but it is
+      # not specified which it will call.
+      #
+      # The methods for <tt>callbacks#match</tt>, <tt>callbacks#discard_a</tt>,
+      # and <tt>callbacks#discard_b</tt> are invoked with an event comprising
+      # the action ("=", "+", or "-", respectively), the indicies +ii+ and
+      # +jj+, and the elements <tt>A[ii]</tt> and <tt>B[jj]</tt>. Return
+      # values are discarded by #traverse_sequences.
+      #
+      # === End of Sequences
+      # If arrow +a+ reaches the end of its sequence before arrow +b+ does,
+      # #traverse_sequence try to call <tt>callbacks#finished_a</tt> with the
+      # last index and element of +A+ (<tt>A[-1]</tt>) and the current index
+      # and element of +B+ (<tt>B[jj]</tt>). If <tt>callbacks#finished_a</tt>
+      # does not exist, then <tt>callbacks#discard_b</tt> will be called on
+      # each element of +B+ until the end of the sequence is reached (the call
+      # will be done with <tt>A[-1]</tt> and <tt>B[jj]</tt> for each element).
+      #
+      # If +b+ reaches the end of +B+ before +a+ reaches the end of +A+,
+      # <tt>callbacks#finished_b</tt> will be called with the current index
+      # and element of +A+ (<tt>A[ii]</tt>) and the last index and element of
+      # +B+ (<tt>A[-1]</tt>). Again, if <tt>callbacks#finished_b</tt> does not
+      # exist on the callback object, then <tt>callbacks#discard_a</tt> will
+      # be called on each element of +A+ until the end of the sequence is
+      # reached (<tt>A[ii]</tt> and <tt>B[-1]</tt>).
+      #
+      # There is a chance that one additional <tt>callbacks#discard_a</tt> or
+      # <tt>callbacks#discard_b</tt> will be called after the end of the
+      # sequence is reached, if +a+ has not yet reached the end of +A+ or +b+
+      # has not yet reached the end of +B+.
+    def traverse_sequences(seq1, seq2, callbacks = Diff::LCS::SequenceCallbacks, &block) #:yields change events:
+      matches = Diff::LCS.__lcs(seq1, seq2)
+
+      run_finished_a = run_finished_b = false
+      string = seq1.kind_of?(String)
+
+      a_size = seq1.size
+      b_size = seq2.size
+      ai = bj = 0
+
+      (0 .. matches.size).each do |ii|
+        b_line = matches[ii]
+
+        ax = string ? seq1[ii, 1] : seq1[ii]
+        bx = string ? seq2[bj, 1] : seq2[bj]
+
+        if b_line.nil?
+          unless ax.nil?
+            event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('-', ii, ax, bj, bx)
+            event = yield event if block_given?
+            callbacks.discard_a(event)
+          end
+        else
+          loop do
+            break unless bj < b_line
+            bx = string ? seq2[bj, 1] : seq2[bj]
+            event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('+', ii, ax, bj, bx)
+            event = yield event if block_given?
+            callbacks.discard_b(event)
+            bj += 1
+          end
+          bx = string ? seq2[bj, 1] : seq2[bj]
+          event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('=', ii, ax, bj, bx)
+          event = yield event if block_given?
+          callbacks.match(event)
+          bj += 1
+        end
+        ai = ii
+      end
+      ai += 1
+
+        # The last entry (if any) processed was a match. +ai+ and +bj+ point
+        # just past the last matching lines in their sequences.
+      while (ai < a_size) or (bj < b_size)
+          # last A?
+        if ai == a_size and bj < b_size
+          if callbacks.respond_to?(:finished_a) and not run_finished_a
+            ax = string ? seq1[-1, 1] : seq1[-1]
+            bx = string ? seq2[bj, 1] : seq2[bj]
+            event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('>', (a_size - 1), ax, bj, bx)
+            event = yield event if block_given?
+            callbacks.finished_a(event)
+            run_finished_a = true
+          else
+            ax = string ? seq1[ai, 1] : seq1[ai]
+            loop do
+              bx = string ? seq2[bj, 1] : seq2[bj]
+              event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('+', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+              event = yield event if block_given?
+              callbacks.discard_b(event)
+              bj += 1
+              break unless bj < b_size
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+          # last B?
+        if bj == b_size and ai < a_size
+          if callbacks.respond_to?(:finished_b) and not run_finished_b
+            ax = string ? seq1[ai, 1] : seq1[ai]
+            bx = string ? seq2[-1, 1] : seq2[-1]
+            event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('<', ai, ax, (b_size - 1), bx)
+            event = yield event if block_given?
+            callbacks.finished_b(event)
+            run_finished_b = true
+          else
+            bx = string ? seq2[bj, 1] : seq2[bj]
+            loop do
+              ax = string ? seq1[ai, 1] : seq1[ai]
+              event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('-', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+              event = yield event if block_given?
+              callbacks.discard_a(event)
+              ai += 1
+              break unless bj < b_size
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        if ai < a_size
+          ax = string ? seq1[ai, 1] : seq1[ai]
+          bx = string ? seq2[bj, 1] : seq2[bj]
+          event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('-', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+          event = yield event if block_given?
+          callbacks.discard_a(event)
+          ai += 1
+        end
+
+        if bj < b_size
+          ax = string ? seq1[ai, 1] : seq1[ai]
+          bx = string ? seq2[bj, 1] : seq2[bj]
+          event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('+', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+          event = yield event if block_given?
+          callbacks.discard_b(event)
+          bj += 1
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+      # #traverse_balanced is an alternative to #traverse_sequences. It
+      # uses a different algorithm to iterate through the entries in the
+      # computed longest common subsequence. Instead of viewing the changes as
+      # insertions or deletions from one of the sequences, #traverse_balanced
+      # will report <em>changes</em> between the sequences. To represent a
+      #
+      # The arguments to #traverse_balanced are the two sequences to traverse
+      # and a callback object, like this:
+      #
+      #   traverse_balanced(seq1, seq2, Diff::LCS::ContextDiffCallbacks.new)
+      #
+      # #sdiff is implemented with #traverse_balanced.
+      #
+      # == Callback Methods
+      # Optional callback methods are <em>emphasized</em>.
+      #
+      # callbacks#match::               Called when +a+ and +b+ are pointing
+      #                                 to common elements in +A+ and +B+.
+      # callbacks#discard_a::           Called when +a+ is pointing to an
+      #                                 element not in +B+.
+      # callbacks#discard_b::           Called when +b+ is pointing to an
+      #                                 element not in +A+.
+      # <em>callbacks#change</em>::     Called when +a+ and +b+ are pointing
+      #                                 to the same relative position, but
+      #                                 <tt>A[a]</tt> and <tt>B[b]</tt> are
+      #                                 not the same; a <em>change</em> has
+      #                                 occurred.
+      #
+      # #traverse_balanced might be a bit slower than #traverse_sequences,
+      # noticable only while processing huge amounts of data.
+      #
+      # The +sdiff+ function of this module is implemented as call to
+      # #traverse_balanced.
+      #
+      # == Algorithm
+      #       a---+
+      #           v
+      #       A = a b c e h j l m n p
+      #       B = b c d e f j k l m r s t
+      #           ^
+      #       b---+
+      #
+      # === Matches
+      # If there are two arrows (+a+ and +b+) pointing to elements of
+      # sequences +A+ and +B+, the arrows will initially point to the first
+      # elements of their respective sequences. #traverse_sequences will
+      # advance the arrows through the sequences one element at a time,
+      # calling a method on the user-specified callback object before each
+      # advance. It will advance the arrows in such a way that if there are
+      # elements <tt>A[ii]</tt> and <tt>B[jj]</tt> which are both equal and
+      # part of the longest common subsequence, there will be some moment
+      # during the execution of #traverse_sequences when arrow +a+ is pointing
+      # to <tt>A[ii]</tt> and arrow +b+ is pointing to <tt>B[jj]</tt>. When
+      # this happens, #traverse_sequences will call <tt>callbacks#match</tt>
+      # and then it will advance both arrows.
+      #
+      # === Discards
+      # Otherwise, one of the arrows is pointing to an element of its sequence
+      # that is not part of the longest common subsequence.
+      # #traverse_sequences will advance that arrow and will call
+      # <tt>callbacks#discard_a</tt> or <tt>callbacks#discard_b</tt>,
+      # depending on which arrow it advanced.
+      #
+      # === Changes
+      # If both +a+ and +b+ point to elements that are not part of the longest
+      # common subsequence, then #traverse_sequences will try to call
+      # <tt>callbacks#change</tt> and advance both arrows. If
+      # <tt>callbacks#change</tt> is not implemented, then
+      # <tt>callbacks#discard_a</tt> and <tt>callbacks#discard_b</tt> will be
+      # called in turn.
+      #
+      # The methods for <tt>callbacks#match</tt>, <tt>callbacks#discard_a</tt>,
+      # <tt>callbacks#discard_b</tt>, and <tt>callbacks#change</tt> are
+      # invoked with an event comprising the action ("=", "+", "-", or "!",
+      # respectively), the indicies +ii+ and +jj+, and the elements
+      # <tt>A[ii]</tt> and <tt>B[jj]</tt>. Return values are discarded by
+      # #traverse_balanced.
+      #
+      # === Context
+      # Note that +ii+ and +jj+ may not be the same index position, even if
+      # +a+ and +b+ are considered to be pointing to matching or changed
+      # elements.
+    def traverse_balanced(seq1, seq2, callbacks = Diff::LCS::BalancedCallbacks)
+      matches = Diff::LCS.__lcs(seq1, seq2)
+      a_size = seq1.size
+      b_size = seq2.size
+      ai = bj = mb = 0
+      ma = -1
+      string = seq1.kind_of?(String)
+
+        # Process all the lines in the match vector.
+      loop do
+          # Find next match indices +ma+ and +mb+
+        loop do
+          ma += 1
+          break unless ma < matches.size and matches[ma].nil?
+        end
+
+        break if ma >= matches.size # end of matches?
+        mb = matches[ma]
+
+          # Change(seq2)
+        while (ai < ma) or (bj < mb)
+          ax = string ? seq1[ai, 1] : seq1[ai]
+          bx = string ? seq2[bj, 1] : seq2[bj]
+
+          case [(ai < ma), (bj < mb)]
+          when [true, true]
+            if callbacks.respond_to?(:change)
+              event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('!', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+              event = yield event if block_given?
+              callbacks.change(event)
+              ai += 1
+              bj += 1
+            else
+              event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('-', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+              event = yield event if block_given?
+              callbacks.discard_a(event)
+              ai += 1
+              ax = string ? seq1[ai, 1] : seq1[ai]
+              event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('+', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+              event = yield event if block_given?
+              callbacks.discard_b(event)
+              bj += 1
+            end
+          when [true, false]
+            event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('-', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+            event = yield event if block_given?
+            callbacks.discard_a(event)
+            ai += 1
+          when [false, true]
+            event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('+', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+            event = yield event if block_given?
+            callbacks.discard_b(event)
+            bj += 1
+          end
+        end
+
+          # Match
+        ax = string ? seq1[ai, 1] : seq1[ai]
+        bx = string ? seq2[bj, 1] : seq2[bj]
+        event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('=', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+        event = yield event if block_given?
+        callbacks.match(event)
+        ai += 1
+        bj += 1
+      end
+
+      while (ai < a_size) or (bj < b_size)
+        ax = string ? seq1[ai, 1] : seq1[ai]
+        bx = string ? seq2[bj, 1] : seq2[bj]
+
+        case [(ai < a_size), (bj < b_size)]
+        when [true, true]
+          if callbacks.respond_to?(:change)
+            event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('!', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+            event = yield event if block_given?
+            callbacks.change(event)
+            ai += 1
+            bj += 1
+          else
+            event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('-', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+            event = yield event if block_given?
+            callbacks.discard_a(event)
+            ai += 1
+            ax = string ? seq1[ai, 1] : seq1[ai]
+            event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('+', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+            event = yield event if block_given?
+            callbacks.discard_b(event)
+            bj += 1
+          end
+        when [true, false]
+          event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('-', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+          event = yield event if block_given?
+          callbacks.discard_a(event)
+          ai += 1
+        when [false, true]
+          event = Diff::LCS::ContextChange.new('+', ai, ax, bj, bx)
+          event = yield event if block_given?
+          callbacks.discard_b(event)
+          bj += 1
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    PATCH_MAP = { #:nodoc:
+      :patch => { '+' => '+', '-' => '-', '!' => '!', '=' => '=' },
+      :unpatch => { '+' => '-', '-' => '+', '!' => '!', '=' => '=' }
+    }
+
+      # Given a patchset, convert the current version to the new
+      # version. If +direction+ is not specified (must be
+      # <tt>:patch</tt> or <tt>:unpatch</tt>), then discovery of the
+      # direction of the patch will be attempted.
+    def patch(src, patchset, direction = nil)
+      string = src.kind_of?(String)
+        # Start with a new empty type of the source's class
+      res = src.class.new
+
+        # Normalize the patchset.
+      patchset = __normalize_patchset(patchset)
+
+      direction ||= Diff::LCS.__diff_direction(src, patchset)
+      direction ||= :patch
+
+      ai = bj = 0
+
+      patchset.each do |change|
+          # Both Change and ContextChange support #action
+        action = PATCH_MAP[direction][change.action]
+
+        case change
+        when Diff::LCS::ContextChange
+          case direction
+          when :patch
+            el = change.new_element
+            op = change.old_position
+            np = change.new_position
+          when :unpatch
+            el = change.old_element
+            op = change.new_position
+            np = change.old_position
+          end
+
+          case action
+          when '-' # Remove details from the old string
+            while ai < op
+              res << (string ? src[ai, 1] : src[ai])
+              ai += 1
+              bj += 1
+            end
+            ai += 1
+          when '+'
+            while bj < np
+              res << (string ? src[ai, 1] : src[ai])
+              ai += 1
+              bj += 1
+            end
+
+            res << el
+            bj += 1
+          when '='
+              # This only appears in sdiff output with the SDiff callback.
+              # Therefore, we only need to worry about dealing with a single
+              # element.
+            res << el
+
+            ai += 1
+            bj += 1
+          when '!'
+            while ai < op
+              res << (string ? src[ai, 1] : src[ai])
+              ai += 1
+              bj += 1
+            end
+
+            bj += 1
+            ai += 1
+
+            res << el
+          end
+        when Diff::LCS::Change
+          case action
+          when '-'
+            while ai < change.position
+              res << (string ? src[ai, 1] : src[ai])
+              ai += 1
+              bj += 1
+            end
+            ai += 1
+          when '+'
+            while bj < change.position
+              res << (string ? src[ai, 1] : src[ai])
+              ai += 1
+              bj += 1
+            end
+
+            bj += 1
+
+            res << change.element
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      while ai < src.size
+        res << (string ? src[ai, 1] : src[ai])
+        ai += 1
+        bj += 1
+      end
+
+      res
+    end
+
+      # Given a set of patchset, convert the current version to the prior
+      # version. Does no auto-discovery.
+    def unpatch!(src, patchset)
+      Diff::LCS.patch(src, patchset, :unpatch)
+    end
+
+      # Given a set of patchset, convert the current version to the next
+      # version. Does no auto-discovery.
+    def patch!(src, patchset)
+      Diff::LCS.patch(src, patchset, :patch)
+    end
+
+# private
+      # Compute the longest common subsequence between the sequenced Enumerables
+      # +a+ and +b+. The result is an array whose contents is such that
+      #
+      #     result = Diff::LCS.__lcs(a, b)
+      #     result.each_with_index do |e, ii|
+      #       assert_equal(a[ii], b[e]) unless e.nil?
+      #     end
+    def __lcs(a, b)
+      a_start = b_start = 0
+      a_finish = a.size - 1
+      b_finish = b.size - 1
+      vector = []
+
+        # Prune off any common elements at the beginning...
+      while (a_start <= a_finish) and
+            (b_start <= b_finish) and
+            (a[a_start] == b[b_start])
+        vector[a_start] = b_start
+        a_start += 1
+        b_start += 1
+      end
+
+        # Now the end...
+      while (a_start <= a_finish) and
+            (b_start <= b_finish) and
+            (a[a_finish] == b[b_finish])
+        vector[a_finish] = b_finish
+        a_finish -= 1
+        b_finish -= 1
+      end
+
+        # Now, compute the equivalence classes of positions of elements.
+      b_matches = Diff::LCS.__position_hash(b, b_start .. b_finish)
+
+      thresh = []
+      links = []
+
+      (a_start .. a_finish).each do |ii|
+        ai = a.kind_of?(String) ? a[ii, 1] : a[ii]
+        bm = b_matches[ai]
+        kk = nil
+        bm.reverse_each do |jj|
+          if kk and (thresh[kk] > jj) and (thresh[kk - 1] < jj)
+            thresh[kk] = jj
+          else
+            kk = Diff::LCS.__replace_next_larger(thresh, jj, kk)
+          end
+          links[kk] = [ (kk > 0) ? links[kk - 1] : nil, ii, jj ] unless kk.nil?
+        end
+      end
+
+      unless thresh.empty?
+        link = links[thresh.size - 1]
+        while not link.nil?
+          vector[link[1]] = link[2]
+          link = link[0]
+        end
+      end
+
+      vector
+    end
+
+      # Find the place at which +value+ would normally be inserted into the
+      # Enumerable. If that place is already occupied by +value+, do nothing
+      # and return +nil+. If the place does not exist (i.e., it is off the end
+      # of the Enumerable), add it to the end. Otherwise, replace the element
+      # at that point with +value+. It is assumed that the Enumerable's values
+      # are numeric.
+      #
+      # This operation preserves the sort order.
+    def __replace_next_larger(enum, value, last_index = nil)
+        # Off the end?
+      if enum.empty? or (value > enum[-1])
+        enum << value
+        return enum.size - 1
+      end
+
+        # Binary search for the insertion point
+      last_index ||= enum.size
+      first_index = 0
+      while (first_index <= last_index)
+        ii = (first_index + last_index) >> 1
+
+        found = enum[ii]
+
+        if value == found
+          return nil
+        elsif value > found
+          first_index = ii + 1
+        else
+          last_index = ii - 1
+        end
+      end
+
+        # The insertion point is in first_index; overwrite the next larger
+        # value.
+      enum[first_index] = value
+      return first_index
+    end
+
+      # If +vector+ maps the matching elements of another collection onto this
+      # Enumerable, compute the inverse +vector+ that maps this Enumerable
+      # onto the collection. (Currently unused.)
+    def __inverse_vector(a, vector)
+      inverse = a.dup
+      (0 ... vector.size).each do |ii|
+        inverse[vector[ii]] = ii unless vector[ii].nil?
+      end
+      inverse
+    end
+
+      # Returns a hash mapping each element of an Enumerable to the set of
+      # positions it occupies in the Enumerable, optionally restricted to the
+      # elements specified in the range of indexes specified by +interval+.
+    def __position_hash(enum, interval = 0 .. -1)
+      hash = Hash.new { |hh, kk| hh[kk] = [] }
+      interval.each do |ii|
+        kk = enum.kind_of?(String) ? enum[ii, 1] : enum[ii]
+        hash[kk] << ii
+      end
+      hash
+    end
+
+      # Examine the patchset and the source to see in which direction the
+      # patch should be applied.
+      #
+      # WARNING: By default, this examines the whole patch, so this could take
+      # some time. This also works better with Diff::LCS::ContextChange or
+      # Diff::LCS::Change as its source, as an array will cause the creation
+      # of one of the above.
+    def __diff_direction(src, patchset, limit = nil)
+      count = left = left_miss = right = right_miss = 0
+      string = src.kind_of?(String)
+
+      patchset.each do |change|
+        count += 1
+
+        case change
+        when Diff::LCS::Change
+            # With a simplistic change, we can't tell the difference between
+            # the left and right on '!' actions, so we ignore those. On '='
+            # actions, if there's a miss, we miss both left and right.
+          element = string ? src[change.position, 1] : src[change.position]
+
+          case change.action
+          when '-'
+            if element == change.element
+              left += 1
+            else
+              left_miss += 1
+            end
+          when '+'
+            if element == change.element
+              right += 1
+            else
+              right_miss += 1
+            end
+          when '='
+            if element != change.element
+              left_miss += 1
+              right_miss += 1
+            end
+          end
+        when Diff::LCS::ContextChange
+          case change.action
+          when '-' # Remove details from the old string
+            element = string ? src[change.old_position, 1] : src[change.old_position]
+            if element == change.old_element
+              left += 1
+            else
+              left_miss += 1
+            end
+          when '+'
+            element = string ? src[change.new_position, 1] : src[change.new_position]
+            if element == change.new_element
+              right += 1
+            else
+              right_miss += 1
+            end
+          when '='
+            le = string ? src[change.old_position, 1] : src[change.old_position]
+            re = string ? src[change.new_position, 1] : src[change.new_position]
+
+            left_miss += 1 if le != change.old_element
+            right_miss += 1 if re != change.new_element
+          when '!'
+            element = string ? src[change.old_position, 1] : src[change.old_position]
+            if element == change.old_element
+              left += 1
+            else
+              element = string ? src[change.new_position, 1] : src[change.new_position]
+              if element == change.new_element
+                right += 1
+              else
+                left_miss += 1
+                right_miss += 1
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        break if not limit.nil? and count > limit
+      end
+
+      no_left = (left == 0) and (left_miss >= 0)
+      no_right = (right == 0) and (right_miss >= 0)
+
+      case [no_left, no_right]
+      when [false, true]
+        return :patch
+      when [true, false]
+        return :unpatch
+      else
+        raise "The provided patchset does not appear to apply to the provided value as either source or destination value."
+      end
+    end
+
+      # Normalize the patchset. A patchset is always a sequence of changes, but
+      # how those changes are represented may vary, depending on how they were
+      # generated. In all cases we support, we also support the array
+      # representation of the changes. The formats are:
+      #
+      #   [ # patchset <- Diff::LCS.diff(a, b)
+      #     [ # one or more hunks
+      #       Diff::LCS::Change # one or more changes
+      #     ] ]
+      #
+      #   [ # patchset, equivalent to the above
+      #     [ # one or more hunks
+      #       [ action, line, value ] # one or more changes
+      #     ] ]
+      #
+      #   [ # patchset <- Diff::LCS.diff(a, b, Diff::LCS::ContextDiffCallbacks)
+      #     #       OR <- Diff::LCS.sdiff(a, b, Diff::LCS::ContextDiffCallbacks)
+      #     [ # one or more hunks
+      #       Diff::LCS::ContextChange # one or more changes
+      #     ] ]
+      #
+      #   [ # patchset, equivalent to the above
+      #     [ # one or more hunks
+      #       [ action, [ old line, old value ], [ new line, new value ] ]
+      #         # one or more changes
+      #     ] ]
+      #
+      #   [ # patchset <- Diff::LCS.sdiff(a, b)
+      #     #       OR <- Diff::LCS.diff(a, b, Diff::LCS::SDiffCallbacks)
+      #     Diff::LCS::ContextChange # one or more changes
+      #   ]
+      #
+      #   [ # patchset, equivalent to the above
+      #     [ action, [ old line, old value ], [ new line, new value ] ]
+      #       # one or more changes
+      #   ]
+      #
+      # The result of this will be either of the following.
+      #
+      #   [ # patchset
+      #     Diff::LCS::ContextChange # one or more changes
+      #   ]
+      #
+      #   [ # patchset
+      #     Diff::LCS::Change # one or more changes
+      #   ]
+      #
+      # If either of the above is provided, it will be returned as such.
+      #
+    def __normalize_patchset(patchset)
+      patchset.map do |hunk|
+        case hunk
+        when Diff::LCS::ContextChange, Diff::LCS::Change
+          hunk
+        when Array
+          if (not hunk[0].kind_of?(Array)) and hunk[1].kind_of?(Array) and hunk[2].kind_of?(Array)
+            Diff::LCS::ContextChange.from_a(hunk)
+          else
+            hunk.map do |change|
+              case change
+              when Diff::LCS::ContextChange, Diff::LCS::Change
+                change
+              when Array
+                  # change[1] will ONLY be an array in a ContextChange#to_a call.
+                  # In Change#to_a, it represents the line (singular).
+                if change[1].kind_of?(Array)
+                  Diff::LCS::ContextChange.from_a(change)
+                else
+                  Diff::LCS::Change.from_a(change)
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        else
+          raise ArgumentError, "Cannot normalise a hunk of class #{hunk.class}."
+        end
+      end.flatten
+    end
+  end
+end