mdarray-sol 0.1.0-java

data/node_modules/chai/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require('./lib/chai');

data/node_modules/chai/karma.conf.js

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+module.exports = function(config) {
+  config.set({
+      frameworks: [ 'mocha' ]
+    , files: [
+          'chai.js'
+        , 'test/bootstrap/karma.js'
+        , 'test/*.js'
+      ]
+    , reporters: [ 'progress' ]
+    , colors: true
+    , logLevel: config.LOG_INFO
+    , autoWatch: false
+    , browsers: [ 'PhantomJS' ]
+    , browserDisconnectTimeout: 10000
+    , browserDisconnectTolerance: 2
+    , browserNoActivityTimeout: 20000
+    , singleRun: true
+  });
+
+  switch (process.env.CHAI_TEST_ENV) {
+    case 'sauce':
+      require('./karma.sauce')(config);
+      break;
+    default:
+      // ...
+      break;
+  };
+};

data/node_modules/chai/karma.sauce.js

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+var version = require('./package.json').version;
+var ts = new Date().getTime();
+
+module.exports = function(config) {
+  var auth;
+
+  try {
+    auth = require('./test/auth/index');
+  } catch(ex) {
+    auth = {};
+    auth.SAUCE_USERNAME = process.env.SAUCE_USERNAME || null;
+    auth.SAUCE_ACCESS_KEY = process.env.SAUCE_ACCESS_KEY || null;
+  }
+
+  if (!auth.SAUCE_USERNAME || !auth.SAUCE_ACCESS_KEY) return;
+  if (process.env.SKIP_SAUCE) return;
+
+  var branch = process.env.TRAVIS_BRANCH || 'local'
+  var browserConfig = require('./sauce.browsers');
+  var browsers = Object.keys(browserConfig);
+  var tags = [ 'chaijs_' + version, auth.SAUCE_USERNAME + '@' + branch ];
+  var tunnel = process.env.TRAVIS_JOB_NUMBER || ts;
+
+  if (process.env.TRAVIS_JOB_NUMBER) {
+    tags.push('travis@' + process.env.TRAVIS_JOB_NUMBER);
+  }
+
+  config.browsers = config.browsers.concat(browsers);
+  config.customLaunchers = browserConfig;
+  config.reporters.push('saucelabs');
+  config.transports = [ 'xhr-polling' ];
+
+  config.sauceLabs = {
+      username: auth.SAUCE_USERNAME
+    , accessKey: auth.SAUCE_ACCESS_KEY
+    , startConnect: true
+    , tags: tags
+    , testName: 'ChaiJS'
+    , tunnelIdentifier: tunnel
+  };
+};

data/node_modules/chai/lib/chai.js

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*!
+ * chai
+ * Copyright(c) 2011-2014 Jake Luer <jake@alogicalparadox.com>
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+var used = []
+  , exports = module.exports = {};
+
+/*!
+ * Chai version
+ */
+
+exports.version = '3.5.0';
+
+/*!
+ * Assertion Error
+ */
+
+exports.AssertionError = require('assertion-error');
+
+/*!
+ * Utils for plugins (not exported)
+ */
+
+var util = require('./chai/utils');
+
+/**
+ * # .use(function)
+ *
+ * Provides a way to extend the internals of Chai
+ *
+ * @param {Function}
+ * @returns {this} for chaining
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+exports.use = function (fn) {
+  if (!~used.indexOf(fn)) {
+    fn(this, util);
+    used.push(fn);
+  }
+
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * Utility Functions
+ */
+
+exports.util = util;
+
+/*!
+ * Configuration
+ */
+
+var config = require('./chai/config');
+exports.config = config;
+
+/*!
+ * Primary `Assertion` prototype
+ */
+
+var assertion = require('./chai/assertion');
+exports.use(assertion);
+
+/*!
+ * Core Assertions
+ */
+
+var core = require('./chai/core/assertions');
+exports.use(core);
+
+/*!
+ * Expect interface
+ */
+
+var expect = require('./chai/interface/expect');
+exports.use(expect);
+
+/*!
+ * Should interface
+ */
+
+var should = require('./chai/interface/should');
+exports.use(should);
+
+/*!
+ * Assert interface
+ */
+
+var assert = require('./chai/interface/assert');
+exports.use(assert);

data/node_modules/chai/lib/chai/assertion.js

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*!
+ * chai
+ * http://chaijs.com
+ * Copyright(c) 2011-2014 Jake Luer <jake@alogicalparadox.com>
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+var config = require('./config');
+
+module.exports = function (_chai, util) {
+  /*!
+   * Module dependencies.
+   */
+
+  var AssertionError = _chai.AssertionError
+    , flag = util.flag;
+
+  /*!
+   * Module export.
+   */
+
+  _chai.Assertion = Assertion;
+
+  /*!
+   * Assertion Constructor
+   *
+   * Creates object for chaining.
+   *
+   * @api private
+   */
+
+  function Assertion (obj, msg, stack) {
+    flag(this, 'ssfi', stack || arguments.callee);
+    flag(this, 'object', obj);
+    flag(this, 'message', msg);
+  }
+
+  Object.defineProperty(Assertion, 'includeStack', {
+    get: function() {
+      console.warn('Assertion.includeStack is deprecated, use chai.config.includeStack instead.');
+      return config.includeStack;
+    },
+    set: function(value) {
+      console.warn('Assertion.includeStack is deprecated, use chai.config.includeStack instead.');
+      config.includeStack = value;
+    }
+  });
+
+  Object.defineProperty(Assertion, 'showDiff', {
+    get: function() {
+      console.warn('Assertion.showDiff is deprecated, use chai.config.showDiff instead.');
+      return config.showDiff;
+    },
+    set: function(value) {
+      console.warn('Assertion.showDiff is deprecated, use chai.config.showDiff instead.');
+      config.showDiff = value;
+    }
+  });
+
+  Assertion.addProperty = function (name, fn) {
+    util.addProperty(this.prototype, name, fn);
+  };
+
+  Assertion.addMethod = function (name, fn) {
+    util.addMethod(this.prototype, name, fn);
+  };
+
+  Assertion.addChainableMethod = function (name, fn, chainingBehavior) {
+    util.addChainableMethod(this.prototype, name, fn, chainingBehavior);
+  };
+
+  Assertion.overwriteProperty = function (name, fn) {
+    util.overwriteProperty(this.prototype, name, fn);
+  };
+
+  Assertion.overwriteMethod = function (name, fn) {
+    util.overwriteMethod(this.prototype, name, fn);
+  };
+
+  Assertion.overwriteChainableMethod = function (name, fn, chainingBehavior) {
+    util.overwriteChainableMethod(this.prototype, name, fn, chainingBehavior);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * ### .assert(expression, message, negateMessage, expected, actual, showDiff)
+   *
+   * Executes an expression and check expectations. Throws AssertionError for reporting if test doesn't pass.
+   *
+   * @name assert
+   * @param {Philosophical} expression to be tested
+   * @param {String|Function} message or function that returns message to display if expression fails
+   * @param {String|Function} negatedMessage or function that returns negatedMessage to display if negated expression fails
+   * @param {Mixed} expected value (remember to check for negation)
+   * @param {Mixed} actual (optional) will default to `this.obj`
+   * @param {Boolean} showDiff (optional) when set to `true`, assert will display a diff in addition to the message if expression fails
+   * @api private
+   */
+
+  Assertion.prototype.assert = function (expr, msg, negateMsg, expected, _actual, showDiff) {
+    var ok = util.test(this, arguments);
+    if (true !== showDiff) showDiff = false;
+    if (true !== config.showDiff) showDiff = false;
+
+    if (!ok) {
+      var msg = util.getMessage(this, arguments)
+        , actual = util.getActual(this, arguments);
+      throw new AssertionError(msg, {
+          actual: actual
+        , expected: expected
+        , showDiff: showDiff
+      }, (config.includeStack) ? this.assert : flag(this, 'ssfi'));
+    }
+  };
+
+  /*!
+   * ### ._obj
+   *
+   * Quick reference to stored `actual` value for plugin developers.
+   *
+   * @api private
+   */
+
+  Object.defineProperty(Assertion.prototype, '_obj',
+    { get: function () {
+        return flag(this, 'object');
+      }
+    , set: function (val) {
+        flag(this, 'object', val);
+      }
+  });
+};

data/node_modules/chai/lib/chai/config.js

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+module.exports = {
+
+  /**
+   * ### config.includeStack
+   *
+   * User configurable property, influences whether stack trace
+   * is included in Assertion error message. Default of false
+   * suppresses stack trace in the error message.
+   *
+   *     chai.config.includeStack = true;  // enable stack on error
+   *
+   * @param {Boolean}
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+   includeStack: false,
+
+  /**
+   * ### config.showDiff
+   *
+   * User configurable property, influences whether or not
+   * the `showDiff` flag should be included in the thrown
+   * AssertionErrors. `false` will always be `false`; `true`
+   * will be true when the assertion has requested a diff
+   * be shown.
+   *
+   * @param {Boolean}
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  showDiff: true,
+
+  /**
+   * ### config.truncateThreshold
+   *
+   * User configurable property, sets length threshold for actual and
+   * expected values in assertion errors. If this threshold is exceeded, for
+   * example for large data structures, the value is replaced with something
+   * like `[ Array(3) ]` or `{ Object (prop1, prop2) }`.
+   *
+   * Set it to zero if you want to disable truncating altogether.
+   *
+   * This is especially userful when doing assertions on arrays: having this
+   * set to a reasonable large value makes the failure messages readily
+   * inspectable.
+   *
+   *     chai.config.truncateThreshold = 0;  // disable truncating
+   *
+   * @param {Number}
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  truncateThreshold: 40
+
+};

data/node_modules/chai/lib/chai/core/assertions.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1860 @@
+/*!
+ * chai
+ * http://chaijs.com
+ * Copyright(c) 2011-2014 Jake Luer <jake@alogicalparadox.com>
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+module.exports = function (chai, _) {
+  var Assertion = chai.Assertion
+    , toString = Object.prototype.toString
+    , flag = _.flag;
+
+  /**
+   * ### Language Chains
+   *
+   * The following are provided as chainable getters to
+   * improve the readability of your assertions. They
+   * do not provide testing capabilities unless they
+   * have been overwritten by a plugin.
+   *
+   * **Chains**
+   *
+   * - to
+   * - be
+   * - been
+   * - is
+   * - that
+   * - which
+   * - and
+   * - has
+   * - have
+   * - with
+   * - at
+   * - of
+   * - same
+   *
+   * @name language chains
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  [ 'to', 'be', 'been'
+  , 'is', 'and', 'has', 'have'
+  , 'with', 'that', 'which', 'at'
+  , 'of', 'same' ].forEach(function (chain) {
+    Assertion.addProperty(chain, function () {
+      return this;
+    });
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .not
+   *
+   * Negates any of assertions following in the chain.
+   *
+   *     expect(foo).to.not.equal('bar');
+   *     expect(goodFn).to.not.throw(Error);
+   *     expect({ foo: 'baz' }).to.have.property('foo')
+   *       .and.not.equal('bar');
+   *
+   * @name not
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('not', function () {
+    flag(this, 'negate', true);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .deep
+   *
+   * Sets the `deep` flag, later used by the `equal` and
+   * `property` assertions.
+   *
+   *     expect(foo).to.deep.equal({ bar: 'baz' });
+   *     expect({ foo: { bar: { baz: 'quux' } } })
+   *       .to.have.deep.property('foo.bar.baz', 'quux');
+   *
+   * `.deep.property` special characters can be escaped
+   * by adding two slashes before the `.` or `[]`.
+   *
+   *     var deepCss = { '.link': { '[target]': 42 }};
+   *     expect(deepCss).to.have.deep.property('\\.link.\\[target\\]', 42);
+   *
+   * @name deep
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('deep', function () {
+    flag(this, 'deep', true);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .any
+   *
+   * Sets the `any` flag, (opposite of the `all` flag)
+   * later used in the `keys` assertion.
+   *
+   *     expect(foo).to.have.any.keys('bar', 'baz');
+   *
+   * @name any
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('any', function () {
+    flag(this, 'any', true);
+    flag(this, 'all', false)
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * ### .all
+   *
+   * Sets the `all` flag (opposite of the `any` flag)
+   * later used by the `keys` assertion.
+   *
+   *     expect(foo).to.have.all.keys('bar', 'baz');
+   *
+   * @name all
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('all', function () {
+    flag(this, 'all', true);
+    flag(this, 'any', false);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .a(type)
+   *
+   * The `a` and `an` assertions are aliases that can be
+   * used either as language chains or to assert a value's
+   * type.
+   *
+   *     // typeof
+   *     expect('test').to.be.a('string');
+   *     expect({ foo: 'bar' }).to.be.an('object');
+   *     expect(null).to.be.a('null');
+   *     expect(undefined).to.be.an('undefined');
+   *     expect(new Error).to.be.an('error');
+   *     expect(new Promise).to.be.a('promise');
+   *     expect(new Float32Array()).to.be.a('float32array');
+   *     expect(Symbol()).to.be.a('symbol');
+   *
+   *     // es6 overrides
+   *     expect({[Symbol.toStringTag]:()=>'foo'}).to.be.a('foo');
+   *
+   *     // language chain
+   *     expect(foo).to.be.an.instanceof(Foo);
+   *
+   * @name a
+   * @alias an
+   * @param {String} type
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function an (type, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    type = type.toLowerCase();
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object')
+      , article = ~[ 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u' ].indexOf(type.charAt(0)) ? 'an ' : 'a ';
+
+    this.assert(
+        type === _.type(obj)
+      , 'expected #{this} to be ' + article + type
+      , 'expected #{this} not to be ' + article + type
+    );
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addChainableMethod('an', an);
+  Assertion.addChainableMethod('a', an);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .include(value)
+   *
+   * The `include` and `contain` assertions can be used as either property
+   * based language chains or as methods to assert the inclusion of an object
+   * in an array or a substring in a string. When used as language chains,
+   * they toggle the `contains` flag for the `keys` assertion.
+   *
+   *     expect([1,2,3]).to.include(2);
+   *     expect('foobar').to.contain('foo');
+   *     expect({ foo: 'bar', hello: 'universe' }).to.include.keys('foo');
+   *
+   * @name include
+   * @alias contain
+   * @alias includes
+   * @alias contains
+   * @param {Object|String|Number} obj
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function includeChainingBehavior () {
+    flag(this, 'contains', true);
+  }
+
+  function include (val, msg) {
+    _.expectTypes(this, ['array', 'object', 'string']);
+
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+    var expected = false;
+
+    if (_.type(obj) === 'array' && _.type(val) === 'object') {
+      for (var i in obj) {
+        if (_.eql(obj[i], val)) {
+          expected = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (_.type(val) === 'object') {
+      if (!flag(this, 'negate')) {
+        for (var k in val) new Assertion(obj).property(k, val[k]);
+        return;
+      }
+      var subset = {};
+      for (var k in val) subset[k] = obj[k];
+      expected = _.eql(subset, val);
+    } else {
+      expected = (obj != undefined) && ~obj.indexOf(val);
+    }
+    this.assert(
+        expected
+      , 'expected #{this} to include ' + _.inspect(val)
+      , 'expected #{this} to not include ' + _.inspect(val));
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addChainableMethod('include', include, includeChainingBehavior);
+  Assertion.addChainableMethod('contain', include, includeChainingBehavior);
+  Assertion.addChainableMethod('contains', include, includeChainingBehavior);
+  Assertion.addChainableMethod('includes', include, includeChainingBehavior);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .ok
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is truthy.
+   *
+   *     expect('everything').to.be.ok;
+   *     expect(1).to.be.ok;
+   *     expect(false).to.not.be.ok;
+   *     expect(undefined).to.not.be.ok;
+   *     expect(null).to.not.be.ok;
+   *
+   * @name ok
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('ok', function () {
+    this.assert(
+        flag(this, 'object')
+      , 'expected #{this} to be truthy'
+      , 'expected #{this} to be falsy');
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .true
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is `true`.
+   *
+   *     expect(true).to.be.true;
+   *     expect(1).to.not.be.true;
+   *
+   * @name true
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('true', function () {
+    this.assert(
+        true === flag(this, 'object')
+      , 'expected #{this} to be true'
+      , 'expected #{this} to be false'
+      , this.negate ? false : true
+    );
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .false
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is `false`.
+   *
+   *     expect(false).to.be.false;
+   *     expect(0).to.not.be.false;
+   *
+   * @name false
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('false', function () {
+    this.assert(
+        false === flag(this, 'object')
+      , 'expected #{this} to be false'
+      , 'expected #{this} to be true'
+      , this.negate ? true : false
+    );
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .null
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is `null`.
+   *
+   *     expect(null).to.be.null;
+   *     expect(undefined).to.not.be.null;
+   *
+   * @name null
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('null', function () {
+    this.assert(
+        null === flag(this, 'object')
+      , 'expected #{this} to be null'
+      , 'expected #{this} not to be null'
+    );
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .undefined
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is `undefined`.
+   *
+   *     expect(undefined).to.be.undefined;
+   *     expect(null).to.not.be.undefined;
+   *
+   * @name undefined
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('undefined', function () {
+    this.assert(
+        undefined === flag(this, 'object')
+      , 'expected #{this} to be undefined'
+      , 'expected #{this} not to be undefined'
+    );
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .NaN
+   * Asserts that the target is `NaN`.
+   *
+   *     expect('foo').to.be.NaN;
+   *     expect(4).not.to.be.NaN;
+   *
+   * @name NaN
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('NaN', function () {
+    this.assert(
+        isNaN(flag(this, 'object'))
+        , 'expected #{this} to be NaN'
+        , 'expected #{this} not to be NaN'
+    );
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .exist
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is neither `null` nor `undefined`.
+   *
+   *     var foo = 'hi'
+   *       , bar = null
+   *       , baz;
+   *
+   *     expect(foo).to.exist;
+   *     expect(bar).to.not.exist;
+   *     expect(baz).to.not.exist;
+   *
+   * @name exist
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('exist', function () {
+    this.assert(
+        null != flag(this, 'object')
+      , 'expected #{this} to exist'
+      , 'expected #{this} to not exist'
+    );
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * ### .empty
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target's length is `0`. For arrays and strings, it checks
+   * the `length` property. For objects, it gets the count of
+   * enumerable keys.
+   *
+   *     expect([]).to.be.empty;
+   *     expect('').to.be.empty;
+   *     expect({}).to.be.empty;
+   *
+   * @name empty
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('empty', function () {
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object')
+      , expected = obj;
+
+    if (Array.isArray(obj) || 'string' === typeof object) {
+      expected = obj.length;
+    } else if (typeof obj === 'object') {
+      expected = Object.keys(obj).length;
+    }
+
+    this.assert(
+        !expected
+      , 'expected #{this} to be empty'
+      , 'expected #{this} not to be empty'
+    );
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .arguments
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is an arguments object.
+   *
+   *     function test () {
+   *       expect(arguments).to.be.arguments;
+   *     }
+   *
+   * @name arguments
+   * @alias Arguments
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function checkArguments () {
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object')
+      , type = Object.prototype.toString.call(obj);
+    this.assert(
+        '[object Arguments]' === type
+      , 'expected #{this} to be arguments but got ' + type
+      , 'expected #{this} to not be arguments'
+    );
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('arguments', checkArguments);
+  Assertion.addProperty('Arguments', checkArguments);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .equal(value)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is strictly equal (`===`) to `value`.
+   * Alternately, if the `deep` flag is set, asserts that
+   * the target is deeply equal to `value`.
+   *
+   *     expect('hello').to.equal('hello');
+   *     expect(42).to.equal(42);
+   *     expect(1).to.not.equal(true);
+   *     expect({ foo: 'bar' }).to.not.equal({ foo: 'bar' });
+   *     expect({ foo: 'bar' }).to.deep.equal({ foo: 'bar' });
+   *
+   * @name equal
+   * @alias equals
+   * @alias eq
+   * @alias deep.equal
+   * @param {Mixed} value
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertEqual (val, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+    if (flag(this, 'deep')) {
+      return this.eql(val);
+    } else {
+      this.assert(
+          val === obj
+        , 'expected #{this} to equal #{exp}'
+        , 'expected #{this} to not equal #{exp}'
+        , val
+        , this._obj
+        , true
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('equal', assertEqual);
+  Assertion.addMethod('equals', assertEqual);
+  Assertion.addMethod('eq', assertEqual);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .eql(value)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is deeply equal to `value`.
+   *
+   *     expect({ foo: 'bar' }).to.eql({ foo: 'bar' });
+   *     expect([ 1, 2, 3 ]).to.eql([ 1, 2, 3 ]);
+   *
+   * @name eql
+   * @alias eqls
+   * @param {Mixed} value
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertEql(obj, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    this.assert(
+        _.eql(obj, flag(this, 'object'))
+      , 'expected #{this} to deeply equal #{exp}'
+      , 'expected #{this} to not deeply equal #{exp}'
+      , obj
+      , this._obj
+      , true
+    );
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('eql', assertEql);
+  Assertion.addMethod('eqls', assertEql);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .above(value)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is greater than `value`.
+   *
+   *     expect(10).to.be.above(5);
+   *
+   * Can also be used in conjunction with `length` to
+   * assert a minimum length. The benefit being a
+   * more informative error message than if the length
+   * was supplied directly.
+   *
+   *     expect('foo').to.have.length.above(2);
+   *     expect([ 1, 2, 3 ]).to.have.length.above(2);
+   *
+   * @name above
+   * @alias gt
+   * @alias greaterThan
+   * @param {Number} value
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertAbove (n, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+    if (flag(this, 'doLength')) {
+      new Assertion(obj, msg).to.have.property('length');
+      var len = obj.length;
+      this.assert(
+          len > n
+        , 'expected #{this} to have a length above #{exp} but got #{act}'
+        , 'expected #{this} to not have a length above #{exp}'
+        , n
+        , len
+      );
+    } else {
+      this.assert(
+          obj > n
+        , 'expected #{this} to be above ' + n
+        , 'expected #{this} to be at most ' + n
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('above', assertAbove);
+  Assertion.addMethod('gt', assertAbove);
+  Assertion.addMethod('greaterThan', assertAbove);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .least(value)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is greater than or equal to `value`.
+   *
+   *     expect(10).to.be.at.least(10);
+   *
+   * Can also be used in conjunction with `length` to
+   * assert a minimum length. The benefit being a
+   * more informative error message than if the length
+   * was supplied directly.
+   *
+   *     expect('foo').to.have.length.of.at.least(2);
+   *     expect([ 1, 2, 3 ]).to.have.length.of.at.least(3);
+   *
+   * @name least
+   * @alias gte
+   * @param {Number} value
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertLeast (n, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+    if (flag(this, 'doLength')) {
+      new Assertion(obj, msg).to.have.property('length');
+      var len = obj.length;
+      this.assert(
+          len >= n
+        , 'expected #{this} to have a length at least #{exp} but got #{act}'
+        , 'expected #{this} to have a length below #{exp}'
+        , n
+        , len
+      );
+    } else {
+      this.assert(
+          obj >= n
+        , 'expected #{this} to be at least ' + n
+        , 'expected #{this} to be below ' + n
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('least', assertLeast);
+  Assertion.addMethod('gte', assertLeast);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .below(value)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is less than `value`.
+   *
+   *     expect(5).to.be.below(10);
+   *
+   * Can also be used in conjunction with `length` to
+   * assert a maximum length. The benefit being a
+   * more informative error message than if the length
+   * was supplied directly.
+   *
+   *     expect('foo').to.have.length.below(4);
+   *     expect([ 1, 2, 3 ]).to.have.length.below(4);
+   *
+   * @name below
+   * @alias lt
+   * @alias lessThan
+   * @param {Number} value
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertBelow (n, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+    if (flag(this, 'doLength')) {
+      new Assertion(obj, msg).to.have.property('length');
+      var len = obj.length;
+      this.assert(
+          len < n
+        , 'expected #{this} to have a length below #{exp} but got #{act}'
+        , 'expected #{this} to not have a length below #{exp}'
+        , n
+        , len
+      );
+    } else {
+      this.assert(
+          obj < n
+        , 'expected #{this} to be below ' + n
+        , 'expected #{this} to be at least ' + n
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('below', assertBelow);
+  Assertion.addMethod('lt', assertBelow);
+  Assertion.addMethod('lessThan', assertBelow);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .most(value)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is less than or equal to `value`.
+   *
+   *     expect(5).to.be.at.most(5);
+   *
+   * Can also be used in conjunction with `length` to
+   * assert a maximum length. The benefit being a
+   * more informative error message than if the length
+   * was supplied directly.
+   *
+   *     expect('foo').to.have.length.of.at.most(4);
+   *     expect([ 1, 2, 3 ]).to.have.length.of.at.most(3);
+   *
+   * @name most
+   * @alias lte
+   * @param {Number} value
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertMost (n, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+    if (flag(this, 'doLength')) {
+      new Assertion(obj, msg).to.have.property('length');
+      var len = obj.length;
+      this.assert(
+          len <= n
+        , 'expected #{this} to have a length at most #{exp} but got #{act}'
+        , 'expected #{this} to have a length above #{exp}'
+        , n
+        , len
+      );
+    } else {
+      this.assert(
+          obj <= n
+        , 'expected #{this} to be at most ' + n
+        , 'expected #{this} to be above ' + n
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('most', assertMost);
+  Assertion.addMethod('lte', assertMost);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .within(start, finish)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is within a range.
+   *
+   *     expect(7).to.be.within(5,10);
+   *
+   * Can also be used in conjunction with `length` to
+   * assert a length range. The benefit being a
+   * more informative error message than if the length
+   * was supplied directly.
+   *
+   *     expect('foo').to.have.length.within(2,4);
+   *     expect([ 1, 2, 3 ]).to.have.length.within(2,4);
+   *
+   * @name within
+   * @param {Number} start lowerbound inclusive
+   * @param {Number} finish upperbound inclusive
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('within', function (start, finish, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object')
+      , range = start + '..' + finish;
+    if (flag(this, 'doLength')) {
+      new Assertion(obj, msg).to.have.property('length');
+      var len = obj.length;
+      this.assert(
+          len >= start && len <= finish
+        , 'expected #{this} to have a length within ' + range
+        , 'expected #{this} to not have a length within ' + range
+      );
+    } else {
+      this.assert(
+          obj >= start && obj <= finish
+        , 'expected #{this} to be within ' + range
+        , 'expected #{this} to not be within ' + range
+      );
+    }
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .instanceof(constructor)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is an instance of `constructor`.
+   *
+   *     var Tea = function (name) { this.name = name; }
+   *       , Chai = new Tea('chai');
+   *
+   *     expect(Chai).to.be.an.instanceof(Tea);
+   *     expect([ 1, 2, 3 ]).to.be.instanceof(Array);
+   *
+   * @name instanceof
+   * @param {Constructor} constructor
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @alias instanceOf
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertInstanceOf (constructor, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var name = _.getName(constructor);
+    this.assert(
+        flag(this, 'object') instanceof constructor
+      , 'expected #{this} to be an instance of ' + name
+      , 'expected #{this} to not be an instance of ' + name
+    );
+  };
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('instanceof', assertInstanceOf);
+  Assertion.addMethod('instanceOf', assertInstanceOf);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .property(name, [value])
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target has a property `name`, optionally asserting that
+   * the value of that property is strictly equal to  `value`.
+   * If the `deep` flag is set, you can use dot- and bracket-notation for deep
+   * references into objects and arrays.
+   *
+   *     // simple referencing
+   *     var obj = { foo: 'bar' };
+   *     expect(obj).to.have.property('foo');
+   *     expect(obj).to.have.property('foo', 'bar');
+   *
+   *     // deep referencing
+   *     var deepObj = {
+   *         green: { tea: 'matcha' }
+   *       , teas: [ 'chai', 'matcha', { tea: 'konacha' } ]
+   *     };
+   *
+   *     expect(deepObj).to.have.deep.property('green.tea', 'matcha');
+   *     expect(deepObj).to.have.deep.property('teas[1]', 'matcha');
+   *     expect(deepObj).to.have.deep.property('teas[2].tea', 'konacha');
+   *
+   * You can also use an array as the starting point of a `deep.property`
+   * assertion, or traverse nested arrays.
+   *
+   *     var arr = [
+   *         [ 'chai', 'matcha', 'konacha' ]
+   *       , [ { tea: 'chai' }
+   *         , { tea: 'matcha' }
+   *         , { tea: 'konacha' } ]
+   *     ];
+   *
+   *     expect(arr).to.have.deep.property('[0][1]', 'matcha');
+   *     expect(arr).to.have.deep.property('[1][2].tea', 'konacha');
+   *
+   * Furthermore, `property` changes the subject of the assertion
+   * to be the value of that property from the original object. This
+   * permits for further chainable assertions on that property.
+   *
+   *     expect(obj).to.have.property('foo')
+   *       .that.is.a('string');
+   *     expect(deepObj).to.have.property('green')
+   *       .that.is.an('object')
+   *       .that.deep.equals({ tea: 'matcha' });
+   *     expect(deepObj).to.have.property('teas')
+   *       .that.is.an('array')
+   *       .with.deep.property('[2]')
+   *         .that.deep.equals({ tea: 'konacha' });
+   *
+   * Note that dots and bracket in `name` must be backslash-escaped when
+   * the `deep` flag is set, while they must NOT be escaped when the `deep`
+   * flag is not set.
+   *
+   *     // simple referencing
+   *     var css = { '.link[target]': 42 };
+   *     expect(css).to.have.property('.link[target]', 42);
+   *
+   *     // deep referencing
+   *     var deepCss = { '.link': { '[target]': 42 }};
+   *     expect(deepCss).to.have.deep.property('\\.link.\\[target\\]', 42);
+   *
+   * @name property
+   * @alias deep.property
+   * @param {String} name
+   * @param {Mixed} value (optional)
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @returns value of property for chaining
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('property', function (name, val, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+
+    var isDeep = !!flag(this, 'deep')
+      , descriptor = isDeep ? 'deep property ' : 'property '
+      , negate = flag(this, 'negate')
+      , obj = flag(this, 'object')
+      , pathInfo = isDeep ? _.getPathInfo(name, obj) : null
+      , hasProperty = isDeep
+        ? pathInfo.exists
+        : _.hasProperty(name, obj)
+      , value = isDeep
+        ? pathInfo.value
+        : obj[name];
+
+    if (negate && arguments.length > 1) {
+      if (undefined === value) {
+        msg = (msg != null) ? msg + ': ' : '';
+        throw new Error(msg + _.inspect(obj) + ' has no ' + descriptor + _.inspect(name));
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.assert(
+          hasProperty
+        , 'expected #{this} to have a ' + descriptor + _.inspect(name)
+        , 'expected #{this} to not have ' + descriptor + _.inspect(name));
+    }
+
+    if (arguments.length > 1) {
+      this.assert(
+          val === value
+        , 'expected #{this} to have a ' + descriptor + _.inspect(name) + ' of #{exp}, but got #{act}'
+        , 'expected #{this} to not have a ' + descriptor + _.inspect(name) + ' of #{act}'
+        , val
+        , value
+      );
+    }
+
+    flag(this, 'object', value);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * ### .ownProperty(name)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target has an own property `name`.
+   *
+   *     expect('test').to.have.ownProperty('length');
+   *
+   * @name ownProperty
+   * @alias haveOwnProperty
+   * @param {String} name
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertOwnProperty (name, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+    this.assert(
+        obj.hasOwnProperty(name)
+      , 'expected #{this} to have own property ' + _.inspect(name)
+      , 'expected #{this} to not have own property ' + _.inspect(name)
+    );
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('ownProperty', assertOwnProperty);
+  Assertion.addMethod('haveOwnProperty', assertOwnProperty);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .ownPropertyDescriptor(name[, descriptor[, message]])
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target has an own property descriptor `name`, that optionally matches `descriptor`.
+   *
+   *     expect('test').to.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('length');
+   *     expect('test').to.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('length', { enumerable: false, configurable: false, writable: false, value: 4 });
+   *     expect('test').not.to.have.ownPropertyDescriptor('length', { enumerable: false, configurable: false, writable: false, value: 3 });
+   *     expect('test').ownPropertyDescriptor('length').to.have.property('enumerable', false);
+   *     expect('test').ownPropertyDescriptor('length').to.have.keys('value');
+   *
+   * @name ownPropertyDescriptor
+   * @alias haveOwnPropertyDescriptor
+   * @param {String} name
+   * @param {Object} descriptor _optional_
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertOwnPropertyDescriptor (name, descriptor, msg) {
+    if (typeof descriptor === 'string') {
+      msg = descriptor;
+      descriptor = null;
+    }
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+    var actualDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Object(obj), name);
+    if (actualDescriptor && descriptor) {
+      this.assert(
+          _.eql(descriptor, actualDescriptor)
+        , 'expected the own property descriptor for ' + _.inspect(name) + ' on #{this} to match ' + _.inspect(descriptor) + ', got ' + _.inspect(actualDescriptor)
+        , 'expected the own property descriptor for ' + _.inspect(name) + ' on #{this} to not match ' + _.inspect(descriptor)
+        , descriptor
+        , actualDescriptor
+        , true
+      );
+    } else {
+      this.assert(
+          actualDescriptor
+        , 'expected #{this} to have an own property descriptor for ' + _.inspect(name)
+        , 'expected #{this} to not have an own property descriptor for ' + _.inspect(name)
+      );
+    }
+    flag(this, 'object', actualDescriptor);
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('ownPropertyDescriptor', assertOwnPropertyDescriptor);
+  Assertion.addMethod('haveOwnPropertyDescriptor', assertOwnPropertyDescriptor);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .length
+   *
+   * Sets the `doLength` flag later used as a chain precursor to a value
+   * comparison for the `length` property.
+   *
+   *     expect('foo').to.have.length.above(2);
+   *     expect([ 1, 2, 3 ]).to.have.length.above(2);
+   *     expect('foo').to.have.length.below(4);
+   *     expect([ 1, 2, 3 ]).to.have.length.below(4);
+   *     expect('foo').to.have.length.within(2,4);
+   *     expect([ 1, 2, 3 ]).to.have.length.within(2,4);
+   *
+   * *Deprecation notice:* Using `length` as an assertion will be deprecated
+   * in version 2.4.0 and removed in 3.0.0. Code using the old style of
+   * asserting for `length` property value using `length(value)` should be
+   * switched to use `lengthOf(value)` instead.
+   *
+   * @name length
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * ### .lengthOf(value[, message])
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target's `length` property has
+   * the expected value.
+   *
+   *     expect([ 1, 2, 3]).to.have.lengthOf(3);
+   *     expect('foobar').to.have.lengthOf(6);
+   *
+   * @name lengthOf
+   * @param {Number} length
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertLengthChain () {
+    flag(this, 'doLength', true);
+  }
+
+  function assertLength (n, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+    new Assertion(obj, msg).to.have.property('length');
+    var len = obj.length;
+
+    this.assert(
+        len == n
+      , 'expected #{this} to have a length of #{exp} but got #{act}'
+      , 'expected #{this} to not have a length of #{act}'
+      , n
+      , len
+    );
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addChainableMethod('length', assertLength, assertLengthChain);
+  Assertion.addMethod('lengthOf', assertLength);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .match(regexp)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target matches a regular expression.
+   *
+   *     expect('foobar').to.match(/^foo/);
+   *
+   * @name match
+   * @alias matches
+   * @param {RegExp} RegularExpression
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+  function assertMatch(re, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+    this.assert(
+        re.exec(obj)
+      , 'expected #{this} to match ' + re
+      , 'expected #{this} not to match ' + re
+    );
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('match', assertMatch);
+  Assertion.addMethod('matches', assertMatch);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .string(string)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the string target contains another string.
+   *
+   *     expect('foobar').to.have.string('bar');
+   *
+   * @name string
+   * @param {String} string
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('string', function (str, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+    new Assertion(obj, msg).is.a('string');
+
+    this.assert(
+        ~obj.indexOf(str)
+      , 'expected #{this} to contain ' + _.inspect(str)
+      , 'expected #{this} to not contain ' + _.inspect(str)
+    );
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * ### .keys(key1, [key2], [...])
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target contains any or all of the passed-in keys.
+   * Use in combination with `any`, `all`, `contains`, or `have` will affect
+   * what will pass.
+   *
+   * When used in conjunction with `any`, at least one key that is passed
+   * in must exist in the target object. This is regardless whether or not
+   * the `have` or `contain` qualifiers are used. Note, either `any` or `all`
+   * should be used in the assertion. If neither are used, the assertion is
+   * defaulted to `all`.
+   *
+   * When both `all` and `contain` are used, the target object must have at
+   * least all of the passed-in keys but may have more keys not listed.
+   *
+   * When both `all` and `have` are used, the target object must both contain
+   * all of the passed-in keys AND the number of keys in the target object must
+   * match the number of keys passed in (in other words, a target object must
+   * have all and only all of the passed-in keys).
+   *
+   *     expect({ foo: 1, bar: 2 }).to.have.any.keys('foo', 'baz');
+   *     expect({ foo: 1, bar: 2 }).to.have.any.keys('foo');
+   *     expect({ foo: 1, bar: 2 }).to.contain.any.keys('bar', 'baz');
+   *     expect({ foo: 1, bar: 2 }).to.contain.any.keys(['foo']);
+   *     expect({ foo: 1, bar: 2 }).to.contain.any.keys({'foo': 6});
+   *     expect({ foo: 1, bar: 2 }).to.have.all.keys(['bar', 'foo']);
+   *     expect({ foo: 1, bar: 2 }).to.have.all.keys({'bar': 6, 'foo': 7});
+   *     expect({ foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3 }).to.contain.all.keys(['bar', 'foo']);
+   *     expect({ foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3 }).to.contain.all.keys({'bar': 6});
+   *
+   *
+   * @name keys
+   * @alias key
+   * @param {...String|Array|Object} keys
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertKeys (keys) {
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object')
+      , str
+      , ok = true
+      , mixedArgsMsg = 'keys must be given single argument of Array|Object|String, or multiple String arguments';
+
+    switch (_.type(keys)) {
+      case "array":
+        if (arguments.length > 1) throw (new Error(mixedArgsMsg));
+        break;
+      case "object":
+        if (arguments.length > 1) throw (new Error(mixedArgsMsg));
+        keys = Object.keys(keys);
+        break;
+      default:
+        keys = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+    }
+
+    if (!keys.length) throw new Error('keys required');
+
+    var actual = Object.keys(obj)
+      , expected = keys
+      , len = keys.length
+      , any = flag(this, 'any')
+      , all = flag(this, 'all');
+
+    if (!any && !all) {
+      all = true;
+    }
+
+    // Has any
+    if (any) {
+      var intersection = expected.filter(function(key) {
+        return ~actual.indexOf(key);
+      });
+      ok = intersection.length > 0;
+    }
+
+    // Has all
+    if (all) {
+      ok = keys.every(function(key){
+        return ~actual.indexOf(key);
+      });
+      if (!flag(this, 'negate') && !flag(this, 'contains')) {
+        ok = ok && keys.length == actual.length;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Key string
+    if (len > 1) {
+      keys = keys.map(function(key){
+        return _.inspect(key);
+      });
+      var last = keys.pop();
+      if (all) {
+        str = keys.join(', ') + ', and ' + last;
+      }
+      if (any) {
+        str = keys.join(', ') + ', or ' + last;
+      }
+    } else {
+      str = _.inspect(keys[0]);
+    }
+
+    // Form
+    str = (len > 1 ? 'keys ' : 'key ') + str;
+
+    // Have / include
+    str = (flag(this, 'contains') ? 'contain ' : 'have ') + str;
+
+    // Assertion
+    this.assert(
+        ok
+      , 'expected #{this} to ' + str
+      , 'expected #{this} to not ' + str
+      , expected.slice(0).sort()
+      , actual.sort()
+      , true
+    );
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('keys', assertKeys);
+  Assertion.addMethod('key', assertKeys);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .throw(constructor)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the function target will throw a specific error, or specific type of error
+   * (as determined using `instanceof`), optionally with a RegExp or string inclusion test
+   * for the error's message.
+   *
+   *     var err = new ReferenceError('This is a bad function.');
+   *     var fn = function () { throw err; }
+   *     expect(fn).to.throw(ReferenceError);
+   *     expect(fn).to.throw(Error);
+   *     expect(fn).to.throw(/bad function/);
+   *     expect(fn).to.not.throw('good function');
+   *     expect(fn).to.throw(ReferenceError, /bad function/);
+   *     expect(fn).to.throw(err);
+   *
+   * Please note that when a throw expectation is negated, it will check each
+   * parameter independently, starting with error constructor type. The appropriate way
+   * to check for the existence of a type of error but for a message that does not match
+   * is to use `and`.
+   *
+   *     expect(fn).to.throw(ReferenceError)
+   *        .and.not.throw(/good function/);
+   *
+   * @name throw
+   * @alias throws
+   * @alias Throw
+   * @param {ErrorConstructor} constructor
+   * @param {String|RegExp} expected error message
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @see https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error#Error_types
+   * @returns error for chaining (null if no error)
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertThrows (constructor, errMsg, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+    new Assertion(obj, msg).is.a('function');
+
+    var thrown = false
+      , desiredError = null
+      , name = null
+      , thrownError = null;
+
+    if (arguments.length === 0) {
+      errMsg = null;
+      constructor = null;
+    } else if (constructor && (constructor instanceof RegExp || 'string' === typeof constructor)) {
+      errMsg = constructor;
+      constructor = null;
+    } else if (constructor && constructor instanceof Error) {
+      desiredError = constructor;
+      constructor = null;
+      errMsg = null;
+    } else if (typeof constructor === 'function') {
+      name = constructor.prototype.name;
+      if (!name || (name === 'Error' && constructor !== Error)) {
+        name = constructor.name || (new constructor()).name;
+      }
+    } else {
+      constructor = null;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      obj();
+    } catch (err) {
+      // first, check desired error
+      if (desiredError) {
+        this.assert(
+            err === desiredError
+          , 'expected #{this} to throw #{exp} but #{act} was thrown'
+          , 'expected #{this} to not throw #{exp}'
+          , (desiredError instanceof Error ? desiredError.toString() : desiredError)
+          , (err instanceof Error ? err.toString() : err)
+        );
+
+        flag(this, 'object', err);
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      // next, check constructor
+      if (constructor) {
+        this.assert(
+            err instanceof constructor
+          , 'expected #{this} to throw #{exp} but #{act} was thrown'
+          , 'expected #{this} to not throw #{exp} but #{act} was thrown'
+          , name
+          , (err instanceof Error ? err.toString() : err)
+        );
+
+        if (!errMsg) {
+          flag(this, 'object', err);
+          return this;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // next, check message
+      var message = 'error' === _.type(err) && "message" in err
+        ? err.message
+        : '' + err;
+
+      if ((message != null) && errMsg && errMsg instanceof RegExp) {
+        this.assert(
+            errMsg.exec(message)
+          , 'expected #{this} to throw error matching #{exp} but got #{act}'
+          , 'expected #{this} to throw error not matching #{exp}'
+          , errMsg
+          , message
+        );
+
+        flag(this, 'object', err);
+        return this;
+      } else if ((message != null) && errMsg && 'string' === typeof errMsg) {
+        this.assert(
+            ~message.indexOf(errMsg)
+          , 'expected #{this} to throw error including #{exp} but got #{act}'
+          , 'expected #{this} to throw error not including #{act}'
+          , errMsg
+          , message
+        );
+
+        flag(this, 'object', err);
+        return this;
+      } else {
+        thrown = true;
+        thrownError = err;
+      }
+    }
+
+    var actuallyGot = ''
+      , expectedThrown = name !== null
+        ? name
+        : desiredError
+          ? '#{exp}' //_.inspect(desiredError)
+          : 'an error';
+
+    if (thrown) {
+      actuallyGot = ' but #{act} was thrown'
+    }
+
+    this.assert(
+        thrown === true
+      , 'expected #{this} to throw ' + expectedThrown + actuallyGot
+      , 'expected #{this} to not throw ' + expectedThrown + actuallyGot
+      , (desiredError instanceof Error ? desiredError.toString() : desiredError)
+      , (thrownError instanceof Error ? thrownError.toString() : thrownError)
+    );
+
+    flag(this, 'object', thrownError);
+  };
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('throw', assertThrows);
+  Assertion.addMethod('throws', assertThrows);
+  Assertion.addMethod('Throw', assertThrows);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .respondTo(method)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the object or class target will respond to a method.
+   *
+   *     Klass.prototype.bar = function(){};
+   *     expect(Klass).to.respondTo('bar');
+   *     expect(obj).to.respondTo('bar');
+   *
+   * To check if a constructor will respond to a static function,
+   * set the `itself` flag.
+   *
+   *     Klass.baz = function(){};
+   *     expect(Klass).itself.to.respondTo('baz');
+   *
+   * @name respondTo
+   * @alias respondsTo
+   * @param {String} method
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function respondTo (method, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object')
+      , itself = flag(this, 'itself')
+      , context = ('function' === _.type(obj) && !itself)
+        ? obj.prototype[method]
+        : obj[method];
+
+    this.assert(
+        'function' === typeof context
+      , 'expected #{this} to respond to ' + _.inspect(method)
+      , 'expected #{this} to not respond to ' + _.inspect(method)
+    );
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('respondTo', respondTo);
+  Assertion.addMethod('respondsTo', respondTo);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .itself
+   *
+   * Sets the `itself` flag, later used by the `respondTo` assertion.
+   *
+   *     function Foo() {}
+   *     Foo.bar = function() {}
+   *     Foo.prototype.baz = function() {}
+   *
+   *     expect(Foo).itself.to.respondTo('bar');
+   *     expect(Foo).itself.not.to.respondTo('baz');
+   *
+   * @name itself
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('itself', function () {
+    flag(this, 'itself', true);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .satisfy(method)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target passes a given truth test.
+   *
+   *     expect(1).to.satisfy(function(num) { return num > 0; });
+   *
+   * @name satisfy
+   * @alias satisfies
+   * @param {Function} matcher
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function satisfy (matcher, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+    var result = matcher(obj);
+    this.assert(
+        result
+      , 'expected #{this} to satisfy ' + _.objDisplay(matcher)
+      , 'expected #{this} to not satisfy' + _.objDisplay(matcher)
+      , this.negate ? false : true
+      , result
+    );
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('satisfy', satisfy);
+  Assertion.addMethod('satisfies', satisfy);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .closeTo(expected, delta)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is equal `expected`, to within a +/- `delta` range.
+   *
+   *     expect(1.5).to.be.closeTo(1, 0.5);
+   *
+   * @name closeTo
+   * @alias approximately
+   * @param {Number} expected
+   * @param {Number} delta
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function closeTo(expected, delta, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+
+    new Assertion(obj, msg).is.a('number');
+    if (_.type(expected) !== 'number' || _.type(delta) !== 'number') {
+      throw new Error('the arguments to closeTo or approximately must be numbers');
+    }
+
+    this.assert(
+        Math.abs(obj - expected) <= delta
+      , 'expected #{this} to be close to ' + expected + ' +/- ' + delta
+      , 'expected #{this} not to be close to ' + expected + ' +/- ' + delta
+    );
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('closeTo', closeTo);
+  Assertion.addMethod('approximately', closeTo);
+
+  function isSubsetOf(subset, superset, cmp) {
+    return subset.every(function(elem) {
+      if (!cmp) return superset.indexOf(elem) !== -1;
+
+      return superset.some(function(elem2) {
+        return cmp(elem, elem2);
+      });
+    })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * ### .members(set)
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is a superset of `set`,
+   * or that the target and `set` have the same strictly-equal (===) members.
+   * Alternately, if the `deep` flag is set, set members are compared for deep
+   * equality.
+   *
+   *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.include.members([3, 2]);
+   *     expect([1, 2, 3]).to.not.include.members([3, 2, 8]);
+   *
+   *     expect([4, 2]).to.have.members([2, 4]);
+   *     expect([5, 2]).to.not.have.members([5, 2, 1]);
+   *
+   *     expect([{ id: 1 }]).to.deep.include.members([{ id: 1 }]);
+   *
+   * @name members
+   * @param {Array} set
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('members', function (subset, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+
+    new Assertion(obj).to.be.an('array');
+    new Assertion(subset).to.be.an('array');
+
+    var cmp = flag(this, 'deep') ? _.eql : undefined;
+
+    if (flag(this, 'contains')) {
+      return this.assert(
+          isSubsetOf(subset, obj, cmp)
+        , 'expected #{this} to be a superset of #{act}'
+        , 'expected #{this} to not be a superset of #{act}'
+        , obj
+        , subset
+      );
+    }
+
+    this.assert(
+        isSubsetOf(obj, subset, cmp) && isSubsetOf(subset, obj, cmp)
+        , 'expected #{this} to have the same members as #{act}'
+        , 'expected #{this} to not have the same members as #{act}'
+        , obj
+        , subset
+    );
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .oneOf(list)
+   *
+   * Assert that a value appears somewhere in the top level of array `list`.
+   *
+   *     expect('a').to.be.oneOf(['a', 'b', 'c']);
+   *     expect(9).to.not.be.oneOf(['z']);
+   *     expect([3]).to.not.be.oneOf([1, 2, [3]]);
+   *
+   *     var three = [3];
+   *     // for object-types, contents are not compared
+   *     expect(three).to.not.be.oneOf([1, 2, [3]]);
+   *     // comparing references works
+   *     expect(three).to.be.oneOf([1, 2, three]);
+   *
+   * @name oneOf
+   * @param {Array<*>} list
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function oneOf (list, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var expected = flag(this, 'object');
+    new Assertion(list).to.be.an('array');
+
+    this.assert(
+        list.indexOf(expected) > -1
+      , 'expected #{this} to be one of #{exp}'
+      , 'expected #{this} to not be one of #{exp}'
+      , list
+      , expected
+    );
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addMethod('oneOf', oneOf);
+
+
+  /**
+   * ### .change(function)
+   *
+   * Asserts that a function changes an object property
+   *
+   *     var obj = { val: 10 };
+   *     var fn = function() { obj.val += 3 };
+   *     var noChangeFn = function() { return 'foo' + 'bar'; }
+   *     expect(fn).to.change(obj, 'val');
+   *     expect(noChangeFn).to.not.change(obj, 'val')
+   *
+   * @name change
+   * @alias changes
+   * @alias Change
+   * @param {String} object
+   * @param {String} property name
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertChanges (object, prop, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var fn = flag(this, 'object');
+    new Assertion(object, msg).to.have.property(prop);
+    new Assertion(fn).is.a('function');
+
+    var initial = object[prop];
+    fn();
+
+    this.assert(
+      initial !== object[prop]
+      , 'expected .' + prop + ' to change'
+      , 'expected .' + prop + ' to not change'
+    );
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addChainableMethod('change', assertChanges);
+  Assertion.addChainableMethod('changes', assertChanges);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .increase(function)
+   *
+   * Asserts that a function increases an object property
+   *
+   *     var obj = { val: 10 };
+   *     var fn = function() { obj.val = 15 };
+   *     expect(fn).to.increase(obj, 'val');
+   *
+   * @name increase
+   * @alias increases
+   * @alias Increase
+   * @param {String} object
+   * @param {String} property name
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertIncreases (object, prop, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var fn = flag(this, 'object');
+    new Assertion(object, msg).to.have.property(prop);
+    new Assertion(fn).is.a('function');
+
+    var initial = object[prop];
+    fn();
+
+    this.assert(
+      object[prop] - initial > 0
+      , 'expected .' + prop + ' to increase'
+      , 'expected .' + prop + ' to not increase'
+    );
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addChainableMethod('increase', assertIncreases);
+  Assertion.addChainableMethod('increases', assertIncreases);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .decrease(function)
+   *
+   * Asserts that a function decreases an object property
+   *
+   *     var obj = { val: 10 };
+   *     var fn = function() { obj.val = 5 };
+   *     expect(fn).to.decrease(obj, 'val');
+   *
+   * @name decrease
+   * @alias decreases
+   * @alias Decrease
+   * @param {String} object
+   * @param {String} property name
+   * @param {String} message _optional_
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  function assertDecreases (object, prop, msg) {
+    if (msg) flag(this, 'message', msg);
+    var fn = flag(this, 'object');
+    new Assertion(object, msg).to.have.property(prop);
+    new Assertion(fn).is.a('function');
+
+    var initial = object[prop];
+    fn();
+
+    this.assert(
+      object[prop] - initial < 0
+      , 'expected .' + prop + ' to decrease'
+      , 'expected .' + prop + ' to not decrease'
+    );
+  }
+
+  Assertion.addChainableMethod('decrease', assertDecreases);
+  Assertion.addChainableMethod('decreases', assertDecreases);
+
+  /**
+   * ### .extensible
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is extensible (can have new properties added to
+   * it).
+   *
+   *     var nonExtensibleObject = Object.preventExtensions({});
+   *     var sealedObject = Object.seal({});
+   *     var frozenObject = Object.freeze({});
+   *
+   *     expect({}).to.be.extensible;
+   *     expect(nonExtensibleObject).to.not.be.extensible;
+   *     expect(sealedObject).to.not.be.extensible;
+   *     expect(frozenObject).to.not.be.extensible;
+   *
+   * @name extensible
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('extensible', function() {
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+
+    // In ES5, if the argument to this method is not an object (a primitive), then it will cause a TypeError.
+    // In ES6, a non-object argument will be treated as if it was a non-extensible ordinary object, simply return false.
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/isExtensible
+    // The following provides ES6 behavior when a TypeError is thrown under ES5.
+
+    var isExtensible;
+
+    try {
+      isExtensible = Object.isExtensible(obj);
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof TypeError) isExtensible = false;
+      else throw err;
+    }
+
+    this.assert(
+      isExtensible
+      , 'expected #{this} to be extensible'
+      , 'expected #{this} to not be extensible'
+    );
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .sealed
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is sealed (cannot have new properties added to it
+   * and its existing properties cannot be removed).
+   *
+   *     var sealedObject = Object.seal({});
+   *     var frozenObject = Object.freeze({});
+   *
+   *     expect(sealedObject).to.be.sealed;
+   *     expect(frozenObject).to.be.sealed;
+   *     expect({}).to.not.be.sealed;
+   *
+   * @name sealed
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('sealed', function() {
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+
+    // In ES5, if the argument to this method is not an object (a primitive), then it will cause a TypeError.
+    // In ES6, a non-object argument will be treated as if it was a sealed ordinary object, simply return true.
+    // See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/isSealed
+    // The following provides ES6 behavior when a TypeError is thrown under ES5.
+
+    var isSealed;
+
+    try {
+      isSealed = Object.isSealed(obj);
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof TypeError) isSealed = true;
+      else throw err;
+    }
+
+    this.assert(
+      isSealed
+      , 'expected #{this} to be sealed'
+      , 'expected #{this} to not be sealed'
+    );
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * ### .frozen
+   *
+   * Asserts that the target is frozen (cannot have new properties added to it
+   * and its existing properties cannot be modified).
+   *
+   *     var frozenObject = Object.freeze({});
+   *
+   *     expect(frozenObject).to.be.frozen;
+   *     expect({}).to.not.be.frozen;
+   *
+   * @name frozen
+   * @namespace BDD
+   * @api public
+   */
+
+  Assertion.addProperty('frozen', function() {
+    var obj = flag(this, 'object');
+
+    // In ES5, if the argument to this method is not an object (a primitive), then it will cause a TypeError.
+    // In ES6, a non-object argument will be treated as if it was a frozen ordinary object, simply return true.
+    // See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/isFrozen
+    // The following provides ES6 behavior when a TypeError is thrown under ES5.
+
+    var isFrozen;
+
+    try {
+      isFrozen = Object.isFrozen(obj);
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof TypeError) isFrozen = true;
+      else throw err;
+    }
+
+    this.assert(
+      isFrozen
+      , 'expected #{this} to be frozen'
+      , 'expected #{this} to not be frozen'
+    );
+  });
+};