mattbauer-bdb 0.0.1

data/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Copyright (c) 2008 Dan Janowski <danj@3skel.com>, Matt Bauer <bauer@pedalbrain.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in 
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to 
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies 
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

data/README.textile

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+h1. Bdb
+
+Ruby bindings for Berkeley DB versions 4.2-4.6.
+
+h2. Download
+
+Currently this library is available via git at:
+
+   git://github.com/mattbauer/bdb.git
+
+h2. Installation
+
+h3. From Git
+
+You can check out the latest source from git:
+
+   > git clone git://github.com/mattbauer/bdb.git
+
+h3. As a Gem
+
+At the moment this library is not available on Rubyforge.  To install it as a
+gem, do the following:
+
+   > sudo env ARCHFLAGS="-arch i386" gem install mattbauer-bdb --source http://gems.github.com -- --with-db-dir=/usr/local/BerkeleyDB.4.7
+   
+This assumes you're on OS X and BerkeleyDB wasn't compiled as a universal binary.
+
+h2. Sample Usage
+
+<pre>
+  env = Bdb::Env.new(0)
+  env_flags =  Bdb::DB_CREATE |    # Create the environment if it does not already exist.
+               Bdb::DB_INIT_TXN  | # Initialize transactions
+               Bdb::DB_INIT_LOCK | # Initialize locking.
+               Bdb::DB_INIT_LOG  | # Initialize logging
+               Bdb::DB_INIT_MPOOL  # Initialize the in-memory cache.
+  env.open(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'tmp'), env_flags, 0);
+  
+  db = env.db
+  db.open(nil, 'db1.db', nil, Bdb::Db::BTREE, Bdb::DB_CREATE | Bdb::DB_AUTO_COMMIT, 0)    
+
+  txn = env.txn_begin(nil, 0)
+  db.put(txn, 'key', 'value', 0)
+  txn.commit(0)
+
+  value = db.get(nil, 'key', nil, 0)
+
+  db.close(0)
+  env.close
+</pre>
+
+h2. API
+
+This interface is most closely based on the DB4 C api and tries to maintain close 
+interface proximity. That API is published by Oracle at "http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/berkeley-db/db/api_c/frame.html":http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/berkeley-db/db/api_c/frame.html.
+
+All function arguments systematically omit the leading DB handles and TXN handles.
+ A few calls omit the flags parameter when the documentation indicates that no 
+ flag values are used - cursor.close is one.
+
+h2. Notes
+
+The defines generator is imperfect and includes some defines that are not
+flags. While it could be improved, it is easier to delete the incorrect ones.
+Thus, if you decide to rebuild the defines, you will need to edit the resulting
+file. This may be necessary if using a different release of DB4 than the ones
+the authors developed against.  In nearly every case the defines generator works
+flawlessly.
+
+The authors have put all possible caution into ensuring that DB and Ruby cooperate.
+The memory access was one aspect carefully considered. Since Ruby copies
+when doing String#new, all key/data retrieval from DB is done with a 0 flag,
+meaning that DB will be responsible. See "this":http://groups.google.com/group/comp.databases.berkeley-db/browse_frm/thread/4f70a9999b64ce6a/c06b94692e3cbc41?tvc=1&q=dbt+malloc#c06b94692e3cbc41
+ news group posting about the effect of that.
+
+The only other design consideration of consequence was associate. The prior
+version used a Ruby thread local variable and kept track of the current
+database in use. The authors decided to take a simpler approach since Ruby is green
+threads. A global array stores the VALUE of the Proc for a given association
+by the file descriptor number of the underlying database. This is looked
+up when the first layer callback is made. It would have been better considered
+if DB allowed the passing of a (void *) user data into the alloc that would
+be supplied during callback. So far this design has not produced any problems.

data/Rakefile

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+require 'rubygems'
+require 'rake/gempackagetask'
+require 'rake/rdoctask'
+require 'rake/testtask'
+
+load 'bdb.gemspec'
+ 
+Rake::GemPackageTask.new(BDB_SPEC) do |pkg|
+    pkg.need_tar = true
+end
+ 
+task :default => "test"
+
+desc "Clean"
+task :clean do
+  include FileUtils
+  Dir.chdir('ext') do
+    rm(Dir.glob('*') - ['bdb.c', 'bdb.h', 'extconf.rb'])
+  end
+  rm_rf 'pkg'
+end
+ 
+desc "Run tests"
+Rake::TestTask.new("test") do |t|
+  t.libs << ["test", "ext"]
+  t.pattern = 'test/*_test.rb'
+  t.verbose = true
+  t.warning = true
+end
+ 
+task :doc => [:rdoc]
+namespace :doc do
+  Rake::RDocTask.new do |rdoc|
+    files = ["README", "lib/**/*.rb"]
+    rdoc.rdoc_files.add(files)
+    rdoc.main = "README.textile"
+    rdoc.title = "Bdb Docs"
+    rdoc.rdoc_dir = "doc"
+    rdoc.options << "--line-numbers" << "--inline-source"
+  end
+end

data/bdb.gemspec

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+BDB_SPEC = Gem::Specification.new do |s|
+    s.platform  =   Gem::Platform::RUBY
+    s.required_ruby_version = '>=1.8.4'
+    s.name      =   "bdb"
+    s.version   =   "0.0.1"
+    s.authors   =  ["Matt Bauer", "Dan Janowski"]
+    s.email     =  "bauer@pedalbrain.com"
+    s.summary   =   "A Ruby interface to BerkeleyDB"
+    s.files     =   ['bdb.gemspec',
+                     'ext/bdb.c',
+                     'ext/bdb.h',
+                     'ext/extconf.rb',
+                     'LICENSE',
+                     'README.textile',
+                     'Rakefile']
+    s.test_files =  ['test/cursor_test.rb',
+                     'test/db_test.rb',
+                     'test/env_test.rb',
+                     'test/stat_test.rb',
+                     'test/test_helper.rb',
+                     'test/txn_test.rb']
+    s.extensions = ["ext/extconf.rb"]
+ 
+    s.homepage = "http://github.com/mattbauer/bdb"
+ 
+    s.require_paths = ["lib", "ext"]
+    s.has_rdoc      = false
+end

data/ext/bdb.c

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+/*
+ * Ruby library that wraps the Sleepycat Berkeley DB.
+ * 
+ * Developed against 4.3/4.4. No support for prior versions.
+ * 
+ */
+
+#include <bdb.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define LMEMFLAG 0
+#define NOFLAGS 0
+#undef DEBUG_DB
+
+#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#define va_init_list(a,b) va_start(a,b)
+#else
+#include <varargs.h>
+#define va_init_list(a,b) va_start(a)
+#endif
+
+VALUE mBdb;  /* Top level module */
+VALUE cDb;   /* DBT class */
+VALUE cDbStat; /* db status class, not specialized for DBTYPE */
+VALUE cEnv;  /* Environment class */
+VALUE cTxn;  /* Transaction class */
+VALUE cCursor; /* Cursors */
+VALUE cTxnStat; /* Transaction Status class */
+VALUE cTxnStatActive; /* Active Transaction Status class */
+VALUE eDbError;
+
+static ID fv_call, fv_err_new,fv_err_code,fv_err_msg;
+
+/*
+ * Document-class: Bdb::DbError
+ *
+ * Errors generated by methods under the Bdb hierarchy will be
+ * of this class unless Ruby itself raises the error.
+ *
+ */
+
+static void
+#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
+raise_error(int code, const char *fmt, ...)
+#else
+  raise_error(code,fmt,va_alist)
+     int code;
+     const char *fmt;
+     va_dcl
+#endif
+{
+  va_list args;
+  char buf[1024];
+  VALUE exc;
+  VALUE argv[2];
+
+  va_init_list(args,fmt);
+  vsnprintf(buf,1024,fmt,args);
+  va_end(args);
+
+  argv[0]=rb_str_new2(buf);
+  argv[1]=INT2NUM(code);
+
+  exc=rb_class_new_instance(2,argv,eDbError);
+  rb_exc_raise(exc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * An error can only be generated internally
+ */
+VALUE err_initialize(VALUE obj, VALUE message, VALUE code)
+{
+  VALUE args[1];
+  args[0]=message;
+  rb_call_super(1,args);
+  return rb_ivar_set(obj,fv_err_code,code);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   err.code() -> Bdb error code integer
+ *
+ */
+VALUE err_code(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return rb_ivar_get(obj,fv_err_code);
+}
+
+static void db_free(t_dbh *dbh)
+{
+#ifdef DEBUG_DB
+  if ( RTEST(ruby_debug) )
+    fprintf(stderr,"%s/%d %s 0x%x\n",__FILE__,__LINE__,"db_free cleanup!",dbh);
+#endif
+
+  if (dbh) {
+    if (dbh->db) {
+			if (dbh->db_opened == 1)
+      	dbh->db->close(dbh->db,NOFLAGS);
+      if ( RTEST(ruby_debug) && dbh->filename[0] != '\0')
+    fprintf(stderr,"%s/%d %s %p %s\n",__FILE__,__LINE__,
+        "db_free database was still open!",dbh->db,dbh->filename);
+      dbh->db=NULL;
+    }
+    free(dbh);
+  }
+}
+
+static void db_mark(t_dbh *dbh)
+{
+  if ( dbh == NULL ) return;
+  if ( ! NIL_P(dbh->aproc) ) 
+    rb_gc_mark(dbh->aproc);
+  if ( dbh->env )
+    rb_gc_mark(dbh->env->self);
+  if ( ! NIL_P(dbh->adbc) )
+    rb_gc_mark(dbh->adbc);
+}
+
+static void dbc_mark(t_dbch *dbch)
+{
+  if (dbch->db)
+    rb_gc_mark(dbch->db->self);
+}
+static void dbc_free(void *p)
+{
+  t_dbch *dbch;
+  dbch=(t_dbch *)p;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_DB
+  if ( RTEST(ruby_debug) )
+    fprintf(stderr,"%s/%d %s 0x%x\n",__FILE__,__LINE__,
+	       "dbc_free cleanup!",p);  
+#endif
+
+  if ( dbch ) {
+    if ( dbch->dbc ) {
+      dbch->dbc->c_close(dbch->dbc);
+      if ( RTEST(ruby_debug) )
+    fprintf(stderr,"%s/%d %s %p %s\n",__FILE__,__LINE__,
+        "dbc_free cursor was still open!",p,dbch->filename);
+    }
+    free(p);
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE
+db_alloc(VALUE klass)
+{
+  return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass,db_mark,db_free,0);
+}
+
+VALUE db_init_aux(VALUE obj,t_envh * eh)
+{
+  DB *db;
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+
+  /* This excludes possible use of X/Open Transaction Mgr */
+  rv = db_create(&db,(eh)?eh->env:NULL,NOFLAGS);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_new failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_DB
+  db->set_errfile(db,stderr);
+#endif
+
+  dbh=ALLOC(t_dbh);
+  if (DATA_PTR(obj)) {
+      /* if called from env_db, the data ptr has not been allocated,
+       * was freeing 0x0 */
+      db_free(DATA_PTR(obj));
+  }
+  DATA_PTR(obj)=dbh;
+  dbh->db=db;
+  dbh->self=obj;
+  dbh->env=eh;
+  dbh->aproc=Qnil;
+  memset(&(dbh->filename),0,FNLEN+1);
+
+  dbh->adbc=Qnil;
+
+  if (dbh->env) {
+#ifdef DEBUG_DB
+    fprintf(stderr,"Adding db to env 0x%x 0x%x\n",obj,dbh);
+#endif
+    rb_ary_push(dbh->env->adb,obj);
+  }
+    
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Document-class: Bdb::Db
+ *
+ */
+
+VALUE db_initialize(VALUE obj)
+{
+  return db_init_aux(obj,NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db.open(txn_object,disk_file,logical_db,db_type,flags,mode) -> value
+ *
+ * open a database. disk file is file path. logical_db is
+ * a named database within that file, which will be created under
+ * conditions noted by DB.
+ *
+ * db_type is one of the constants:
+ * Bdb::DB::BTREE
+ * Bdb::DB::HASH
+ * Bdb::DB::RECNO
+ * Bdb::DB::QUEUE
+ * Bdb::DB::UNKNOWN
+ *
+ * unknown will open an already existing db in the mode created
+ */
+VALUE db_open(VALUE obj, VALUE vtxn, VALUE vdisk_file,
+	      VALUE vlogical_db,
+	      VALUE vdbtype, VALUE vflags, VALUE vmode)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  t_txnh *txn=NOTXN;
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  DBTYPE dbtype=DB_UNKNOWN;
+  char *logical_db=NULL;
+  long len;
+  int mode=0;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags) )
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vtxn) ) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vtxn,t_txnh,txn);
+    if (!txn->txn)
+        raise(0, "txn is closed");
+  }
+
+  if ( TYPE(vlogical_db)==T_STRING && RSTRING_LEN(vlogical_db) > 0 )
+    logical_db=StringValueCStr(vlogical_db);
+    
+  if ( FIXNUM_P(vdbtype) ) {
+    dbtype=NUM2INT(vdbtype);
+    if ( dbtype < DB_BTREE || dbtype > DB_UNKNOWN ) {
+      raise_error(0,"db_open Bad access type: %d",dbtype);
+      return Qnil;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ( TYPE(vdisk_file)!=T_STRING || RSTRING_LEN(vdisk_file) < 1 ) {
+    raise_error(0,"db_open Bad disk file name");
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vmode) )
+    mode=NUM2INT(vmode);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if ( ! NIL_P(dbh->adbc) )
+    raise_error(0,"db handle already opened");
+  
+  rv = dbh->db->open(dbh->db,txn?txn->txn:NULL,
+		     StringValueCStr(vdisk_file),
+		     logical_db,
+		     dbtype,flags,mode);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    raise_error(rv,"db_open failure: %s(%d)",db_strerror(rv),rv);
+  }
+  filename_copy(dbh->filename,vdisk_file)
+  dbh->adbc=rb_ary_new();
+	dbh->db_opened = 1;
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db.flags=value
+ *
+ * set database flags based on DB constants.
+ * see http://www.sleepycat.com/docs/api_c/db_set_flags.html
+ *
+ */
+VALUE db_flags_set(VALUE obj, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags;
+
+  flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise_error(0,"db is closed");
+
+  rv = dbh->db->set_flags(dbh->db,flags);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_flag_set failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return vflags;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db.flags -> value
+ *
+ * get database flags.
+ * see http://www.sleepycat.com/docs/api_c/db_get_flags.html
+ *
+ */
+VALUE db_flags_get(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise_error(0,"db is closed");
+
+  rv = dbh->db->get_flags(dbh->db,&flags);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_flag_get failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return INT2NUM(flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db.pagesize=value
+ *
+ * set database flags based on DB constants.
+ * see http://www.sleepycat.com/docs/api_c/db_set_flags.html
+ *
+ */
+VALUE db_pagesize_set(VALUE obj, VALUE vpagesize)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t pagesize;
+
+  pagesize=NUM2INT(vpagesize);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise_error(0,"db is closed");
+  rv = dbh->db->set_pagesize(dbh->db,pagesize);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_pagesize_set failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return vpagesize;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db.pagesize
+ *
+ * set database flags based on DB constants.
+ * see http://www.sleepycat.com/docs/api_c/db_set_flags.html
+ *
+ */
+VALUE db_pagesize(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t pagesize;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise_error(0,"db is closed");
+  rv = dbh->db->get_pagesize(dbh->db,&pagesize);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_pagesize_get failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return INT2NUM(pagesize);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db.h_ffactor=value
+ *
+ * get hash db fill factor
+ * formula:
+ *         (pagesize - 32) / (average_key_size + average_data_size + 8)
+ *
+ */
+VALUE db_h_ffactor_set(VALUE obj, VALUE vint)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t cint;
+
+  cint=NUM2INT(vint);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise_error(0,"db is closed");
+  rv = dbh->db->set_h_ffactor(dbh->db,cint);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_h_ffactor_set failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return vint;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db.h_ffactor
+ *
+ * get hash db fill factor
+ * formula:
+ *         (pagesize - 32) / (average_key_size + average_data_size + 8)
+ * see http://www.sleepycat.com/docs/api_c/db_set_flags.html
+ *
+ */
+VALUE db_h_ffactor(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t cint;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise_error(0,"db is closed");
+  rv = dbh->db->get_h_ffactor(dbh->db,&cint);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_h_ffactor failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return INT2NUM(cint);
+}
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db.h_nelem=value
+ *
+ * set estimate number of elements in hash table
+ * see http://www.sleepycat.com/docs/api_c/db_set_flags.html
+ *
+ */
+VALUE db_h_nelem_set(VALUE obj, VALUE vint)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t cint;
+
+  cint=NUM2INT(vint);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise_error(0,"db is closed");
+  rv = dbh->db->set_h_nelem(dbh->db,cint);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_h_nelem_set failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return vint;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db.h_nelem
+ *
+ * get estimate number of element in the hash table
+ * see http://www.sleepycat.com/docs/api_c/db_set_flags.html
+ *
+ */
+VALUE db_h_nelem(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t nelem;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise_error(0,"db is closed");
+  rv = dbh->db->get_h_nelem(dbh->db,&nelem);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_h_nelem failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return INT2NUM(nelem);
+}
+
+VALUE dbc_close(VALUE);
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *	db.close(flags) -> value
+ *
+ * close a database handle. Will close open cursors.
+ */
+VALUE db_close(VALUE obj, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags;
+  VALUE cur;
+
+  flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if ( dbh->db==NULL )
+    return Qnil;
+
+  if (! NIL_P(dbh->adbc) && RARRAY(dbh->adbc)->len > 0 ) {
+    rb_warning("%s/%d %s",__FILE__,__LINE__,
+	       "cursor handles still open");
+    while ( (cur=rb_ary_pop(dbh->adbc)) != Qnil ) {
+      dbc_close(cur);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ( RTEST(ruby_debug) )
+    rb_warning("%s/%d %s 0x%x %s",__FILE__,__LINE__,"db_close!",dbh,
+	       (dbh->filename==NULL||*(dbh->filename)=='0') ? "unknown" : dbh->filename);
+
+  rv = dbh->db->close(dbh->db,flags);
+  dbh->db=NULL;
+  dbh->aproc=Qnil;
+  if ( dbh->env ) {
+  	if ( RTEST(ruby_debug) )
+    	rb_warning("%s/%d %s 0x%x",__FILE__,__LINE__,"db_close! removing",obj);
+    rb_ary_delete(dbh->env->adb,obj);
+    dbh->env = NULL;
+  }
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_close failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+	dbh->db_opened = 0;
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db.put(txn,key,data,flags) -> self
+ *
+ * put a key/data pair into the database. returns db. Will
+ * raise an error on DB_KEYEXIST but error.code will indicate
+ * so it can be easily caught.
+ */
+VALUE db_put(VALUE obj, VALUE vtxn, VALUE vkey, VALUE vdata, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  DBT key,data;
+  t_txnh *txn=NULL;
+
+  memset(&key,0,sizeof(DBT));
+  memset(&data,0,sizeof(DBT));
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vtxn) ) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vtxn,t_txnh,txn);
+    if (!txn->txn)
+        raise(0, "txn is closed");
+  }
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags) )
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise_error(0,"db is closed");
+
+  StringValue(vkey);
+  key.data = RSTRING_PTR(vkey);
+  key.size = RSTRING_LEN(vkey);
+  key.flags = LMEMFLAG;
+
+  StringValue(vdata);
+  data.data = RSTRING_PTR(vdata);
+  data.size = RSTRING_LEN(vdata);
+  data.flags = LMEMFLAG;
+
+  rv = dbh->db->put(dbh->db,txn?txn->txn:NULL,&key,&data,flags);
+  /*
+  if (rv == DB_KEYEXIST)
+    return Qnil;
+  */
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_put fails: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db.get(txn,key,data,flags) -> String(data)
+ *
+ * get a key/data pair from database. data as a string.
+ * 
+ */
+
+VALUE db_get(VALUE obj, VALUE vtxn, VALUE vkey, VALUE vdata, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  DBT key,data;
+  VALUE str;
+  t_txnh *txn=NULL;
+
+  memset(&key,0,sizeof(DBT));
+  memset(&data,0,sizeof(DBT));
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vtxn) ) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vtxn,t_txnh,txn);
+    if (!txn->txn)
+        raise(0, "txn is closed");
+  }
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags) ) {
+		flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+	}
+  
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise_error(0,"db is closed");
+
+  StringValue(vkey);
+
+  key.data = RSTRING_PTR(vkey);
+  key.size = RSTRING_LEN(vkey);
+  key.flags = LMEMFLAG;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vdata) ) {
+    StringValue(vdata);
+    data.data = RSTRING_PTR(vdata);
+    data.size = RSTRING_LEN(vdata);
+    data.flags = LMEMFLAG;
+  }
+
+  rv = dbh->db->get(dbh->db,txn?txn->txn:NULL,&key,&data,flags);
+  if ( rv == 0 ) {
+    return rb_str_new(data.data,data.size);
+  } else if (rv == DB_NOTFOUND) {
+    return Qnil;
+  } else {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_get failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db.pget(txn,key,data,flags) -> [pkey,data]
+ *
+ * get a key/data pair from database using a secondary index.
+ * returns an array with a primary key and the data element.
+ * 
+ */
+VALUE db_pget(VALUE obj, VALUE vtxn, VALUE vkey, VALUE vdata, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  DBT key,data,pkey;
+  VALUE str;
+  t_txnh *txn=NULL;
+
+  memset(&key,0,sizeof(DBT));
+  memset(&data,0,sizeof(DBT));
+  memset(&pkey,0,sizeof(DBT));
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vtxn) ) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vtxn,t_txnh,txn);
+    if (!txn->txn)
+        raise(0, "txn is closed");
+  }
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags) ) {
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  }
+  
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise(0, "db is closed");
+
+  StringValue(vkey);
+
+  key.data = RSTRING_PTR(vkey);
+  key.size = RSTRING_LEN(vkey);
+  key.flags = LMEMFLAG;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vdata) ) {
+    StringValue(vdata);
+    data.data = RSTRING_PTR(vdata);
+    data.size = RSTRING_LEN(vdata);
+    data.flags = LMEMFLAG;
+  }
+
+  rv = dbh->db->pget(dbh->db,txn?txn->txn:NULL,&key,&pkey,&data,flags);
+  if ( rv == 0 ) {
+    return 
+      rb_ary_new3(2,
+		  rb_str_new(pkey.data,pkey.size),
+		  rb_str_new(data.data,data.size));
+
+  } else if (rv == DB_NOTFOUND) {
+    return Qnil;
+  } else {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_pget failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db[key] -> data
+ *
+ * array ref style data retrieval
+ *
+ */
+VALUE db_aget(VALUE obj, VALUE vkey)
+{
+  return db_get(obj,Qnil,vkey,Qnil,Qnil);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db[key]=data
+ *
+ * array ref style data storage
+ */
+VALUE db_aset(VALUE obj, VALUE vkey, VALUE vdata)
+{
+  return db_put(obj,Qnil,vkey,vdata,Qnil);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db.join([cursors],flags) -> join_cursor
+ *
+ * create a join cursor from an array of cursors.
+ * The input cursors will usually be set_range and, if duplicate
+ * data items are allowed the should be DUP_SORT or the performance
+ * will be abysmal.
+ */
+VALUE db_join(VALUE obj, VALUE vacurs, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  t_dbch *dbch;
+  u_int32_t flags;
+  DBC **curs;
+  int i,rv;
+  VALUE jcurs;
+
+  flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise(0, "db is closed");
+
+  curs = ALLOCA_N(DBC *,RARRAY(vacurs)->len);
+  for (i=0; i<RARRAY(vacurs)->len; i++) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(RARRAY(vacurs)->ptr[i],t_dbch,dbch);
+    /* cursor is closed? */
+    curs[i]=dbch->dbc;
+  }
+  curs[i]=NULL;
+  jcurs=Data_Make_Struct(cCursor,t_dbch,dbc_mark,dbc_free,dbch);
+  rv =  dbh->db->join(dbh->db,curs,&(dbch->dbc),flags);
+  if (rv) {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_join: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  dbch->db=dbh;
+  rb_ary_push(dbch->db->adbc,jcurs);
+  rb_obj_call_init(jcurs,0,NULL);
+  return jcurs;
+}
+
+#if DB_VERSION_MINOR > 3
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *	db.compact(txn,start_key,stop_key,compact_opts,flags) -> end_key
+ *
+ * compact the database (4.4 an up). start and stop keys limit the
+ * range of compaction in BTREE types. compact_opts is currently
+ * ignored. Call returns the last key compacted (could be fed into
+ * a subsequent call as the start_key).
+ *
+ */
+VALUE db_compact(VALUE obj, VALUE vtxn, VALUE vstart_key,
+		 VALUE vstop_key, VALUE db_compact,
+		 VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  u_int32_t flags;
+  t_txnh *txn=NULL;
+  DBT start_key, stop_key, end_key;
+  int rv;
+
+  flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise(0, "db is closed");
+
+  memset(&start_key,0,sizeof(DBT));
+  memset(&stop_key,0,sizeof(DBT));
+  memset(&end_key,0,sizeof(DBT));
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vstart_key) ) {
+    StringValue(vstart_key);
+    start_key.data=RSTRING_PTR(vstart_key);
+    start_key.size=RSTRING_LEN(vstart_key);
+    start_key.flags= LMEMFLAG;
+  }
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vstop_key) ) {
+    StringValue(vstop_key);
+    stop_key.data=RSTRING_PTR(vstop_key);
+    stop_key.size=RSTRING_LEN(vstop_key);
+    stop_key.flags= LMEMFLAG;
+  }
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vtxn) ) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vtxn,t_txnh,txn);
+    if (!txn->txn)
+        raise(0, "txn is closed");
+  }
+
+  rv=dbh->db->compact(dbh->db,txn?txn->txn:NULL,
+		      &start_key,
+		      &stop_key,
+		      NULL,
+		      flags,
+		      &end_key);
+  if (rv)
+    raise_error(rv,"db_compact failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+
+  return rb_str_new(end_key.data,end_key.size);
+  
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * db.get_byteswapped -> true/false
+ *
+ * true if database is running in swapped mode. This happens when
+ * the db is created on a machine with a different endian.
+ */
+VALUE db_get_byteswapped(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  int is_swapped;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise(0, "db is closed");
+  rv=dbh->db->get_byteswapped(dbh->db,&is_swapped);
+  if (rv)
+    raise_error(rv,"db_get_byteswapped failed: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  if (is_swapped)
+    return Qtrue;
+  else
+    return Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * db.get_type -> Fixnum(type)
+ *
+ * an integer indicating the type of db (BTREE, HASH, etc).
+ */
+VALUE db_get_type(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  DBTYPE dbtype;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise(0, "db is closed");
+  rv=dbh->db->get_type(dbh->db,&dbtype);
+  if (rv)
+    raise_error(rv,"db_get_type failed: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  return INT2FIX(dbtype);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * db.remove(disk_file,logical_db,flags) -> true
+ *
+ * removes a whole database file, or just a logical_db within
+ * that file, i.e. if file and logical are both specified, only
+ * the logical will be removed. the Bdb::Db instance cannot have
+ * been previously used for anything and cannot be used after.
+ */
+VALUE db_remove(VALUE obj, VALUE vdisk_file,
+		VALUE vlogical_db, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  char *logical_db=NULL;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags) )
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise(0, "db is closed");
+  rv=dbh->db->remove(dbh->db,
+		     NIL_P(vdisk_file)?NULL:StringValueCStr(vdisk_file),
+		     NIL_P(vlogical_db)?NULL:StringValueCStr(vlogical_db),
+		     flags);
+  /* handle cannot be accessed again per docs */
+  dbh->db=NULL;
+  if (rv)
+    raise_error(rv,"db_remove failed: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * db.rename(file,logical,newname,flags) -> true
+ *
+ * rename a file or logical db to newname.
+ */
+VALUE db_rename(VALUE obj, VALUE vdisk_file,
+		VALUE vlogical_db, VALUE newname, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  char *disk_file=NULL;
+  char *logical_db=NULL;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags) )
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+
+  if ( NIL_P(newname) )
+    raise_error(0,"db_rename newname must be specified");
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise(0, "db is closed");
+  rv=dbh->db->rename(dbh->db,
+		     NIL_P(vdisk_file)?NULL:StringValueCStr(vdisk_file),
+		     NIL_P(vlogical_db)?NULL:StringValueCStr(vlogical_db),
+		     StringValueCStr(newname),
+		     flags);
+
+  if (rv) {
+    raise_error(rv,"db_rename failed: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+	}
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * db.sync -> true
+ *
+ * sync the database out to storage.
+ */
+VALUE db_sync(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise(0, "db is closed");
+  rv=dbh->db->sync(dbh->db,NOFLAGS);
+
+  if (rv)
+    raise_error(rv,"db_sync failed: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * db.truncate(txn) -> Fixnum(record_count)
+ *
+ * truncate, i.e. remove all records, purge, trash.
+ *
+ */
+VALUE db_truncate(VALUE obj, VALUE vtxn)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  t_txnh *txn=NULL;
+  int rv;
+  VALUE result;
+  u_int32_t count;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vtxn) ) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vtxn,t_txnh,txn);
+    if (!txn->txn)
+        raise(0, "txn is closed");
+  }
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise(0, "db is closed");
+
+  rv=dbh->db->truncate(dbh->db,txn?txn->txn:NULL,&count,NOFLAGS);
+  if (rv)
+    raise_error(rv,"db_truncate: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+
+  return INT2FIX(count);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * db.key_range(txn,vkey,flags) -> [#less,#same,#greater]
+ *
+ * calculate position of key within database. returns the counts
+ * of keys less, same and greater than the given key as an
+ * array of Fixnum-s
+ */
+VALUE db_key_range(VALUE obj, VALUE vtxn, VALUE vkey, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  t_txnh *txn=NULL;
+  DBT key;
+  u_int32_t flags;
+  int rv;
+  DB_KEY_RANGE key_range;
+  VALUE result;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vtxn) ) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vtxn,t_txnh,txn);
+    if (!txn->txn)
+        raise(0, "txn is closed");
+  }
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags) )
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise(0, "db is closed");
+
+  memset(&key,0,sizeof(DBT));
+  StringValue(vkey);
+  key.data = RSTRING_PTR(vkey);
+  key.size = RSTRING_LEN(vkey);
+  key.flags = LMEMFLAG;
+
+  rv=dbh->db->key_range(dbh->db,txn?txn->txn:NULL,&key,
+			&key_range,flags);
+  if (rv)
+    raise_error(rv,"db_key_range: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+
+  result=rb_ary_new3(3,
+		     rb_float_new(key_range.less),
+		     rb_float_new(key_range.equal),
+		     rb_float_new(key_range.greater));
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * db.del(txn,key,flags) -> true/nil
+ *
+ * delete records with the key given. DUP values will removed
+ * as a group. true if deleted extant records. NIL if the
+ * operation resulted in DB indicating DB_NOTFOUND.
+ *
+ */
+VALUE db_del(VALUE obj, VALUE vtxn, VALUE vkey, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags;
+  DBT key;
+  VALUE str;
+  t_txnh *txn=NULL;
+
+  memset(&key,0,sizeof(DBT));
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vtxn) ) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vtxn,t_txnh,txn);
+    if (!txn->txn)
+        raise(0, "txn is closed");
+  }
+
+  flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise(0, "db is closed");
+
+  StringValue(vkey);
+  key.data = RSTRING_PTR(vkey);
+  key.size = RSTRING_LEN(vkey);
+  key.flags = LMEMFLAG;
+
+  rv = dbh->db->del(dbh->db,txn?txn->txn:NULL,&key,flags);
+  if ( rv == DB_NOTFOUND ) {
+    return Qnil;
+  } else if (rv != 0) {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_del failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+t_dbh *dbassoc[LMAXFD];
+VALUE
+assoc_callback2(VALUE *args)
+{
+  return rb_funcall(args[0],fv_call,3,args[1],args[2],args[3]);
+}
+
+int assoc_callback(DB *secdb,const DBT* key, const DBT* data, DBT* result)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  VALUE proc;
+  int fdp,status;
+  VALUE retv;
+  VALUE args[4];
+
+  memset(result,0,sizeof(DBT));
+  secdb->fd(secdb,&fdp);
+  dbh=dbassoc[fdp];
+
+  args[0]=dbh->aproc;
+  args[1]=dbh->self;
+  args[2]=rb_str_new(key->data,key->size);
+  args[3]=rb_str_new(data->data,data->size);
+
+  retv=rb_protect((VALUE(*)_((VALUE)))assoc_callback2,(VALUE)args,&status);
+
+  if (status) return 99999;
+  if ( NIL_P(retv) )
+    return DB_DONOTINDEX;
+
+  if ( TYPE(retv) != T_STRING )
+    rb_warning("return from assoc callback not a string!");
+
+  StringValue(retv);
+#ifdef DEBUG_DB
+  fprintf(stderr,"assoc_key %*s for %*s\n",
+      RSTRING_LEN(retv),RSTRING_PTR(retv),
+      data->size,data->data);
+#endif
+  result->data=RSTRING_PTR(retv);
+  result->size=RSTRING_LEN(retv);
+  result->flags=LMEMFLAG;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * db.associate(txn,sec_db,flags,proc)
+ *
+ * associate a secondary index(database) with this (primary)
+ * database. The proc can be nil if the database is only opened
+ * DB_RDONLY. Only +one+ proc can be assigned to a given database
+ * according to the file-descriptor number of the secondary within
+ * a single ruby process. This is typcially not an issue since
+ * the proc should always be the same (it would corrupt the
+ * secondary otherwise). But this does limit use of nil if the
+ * db is openend DB_RDONLY and writeable in the same process.
+ * (although, opening the same db more than once has not been
+ * tested)
+ *
+ * call back proc has signature:
+ * proc(secdb,key,value)
+ */
+VALUE db_associate(VALUE obj, VALUE vtxn, VALUE osecdb,
+		   VALUE vflags, VALUE cb_proc)
+{
+  t_dbh *sdbh,*pdbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags,flagsp,flagss;
+  int fdp;
+  t_txnh *txn=NOTXN;
+
+  flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,pdbh);
+  if (!pdbh->db)
+    raise(0, "db is closed");
+  Data_Get_Struct(osecdb,t_dbh,sdbh);
+  if (!sdbh->db)
+    raise(0, "sdb is closed");
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vtxn) ) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vtxn,t_txnh,txn);
+    if (!txn->txn)
+        raise(0, "txn is closed");
+  }
+
+  if ( cb_proc == Qnil ) {
+    rb_warning("db_associate: no association may be applied");
+    pdbh->db->get_open_flags(pdbh->db,&flagsp);
+    sdbh->db->get_open_flags(sdbh->db,&flagss);
+    if ( flagsp & DB_RDONLY & flagss ) {
+      rv=pdbh->db->associate(pdbh->db,txn?txn->txn:NULL,
+			     sdbh->db,NULL,flags);
+      if (rv)
+	raise_error(rv,"db_associate: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+      return Qtrue;
+    } else {
+      raise_error(0,"db_associate empty associate only available when both DBs opened with DB_RDONLY");
+    }
+  } else if ( rb_obj_is_instance_of(cb_proc,rb_cProc) != Qtrue ) {
+    raise_error(0, "db_associate proc required");
+  }
+  
+  sdbh->db->fd(sdbh->db,&fdp);
+  sdbh->aproc=cb_proc;
+
+  /* No register is needed since this is just a way to
+   * get back to a real object
+   */
+  dbassoc[fdp]=sdbh;
+  rv=pdbh->db->associate(pdbh->db,txn?txn->txn:NULL,sdbh->db,assoc_callback,flags);
+#ifdef DEBUG_DB
+  fprintf(stderr,"file is %d\n",fdp);
+  fprintf(stderr,"assoc done 0x%x 0x%x\n",sdbh,dbassoc[fdp]);
+#endif
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    raise_error(rv, "db_associate failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * db.cursor(txn,flags)
+ *
+ * open a cursor
+ */
+VALUE db_cursor(VALUE obj, VALUE vtxn, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags;
+  DBC *dbc;
+  t_txnh *txn=NOTXN;
+  VALUE c_obj;
+  t_dbch *dbch;
+
+  flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise(0, "db is closed");
+
+  c_obj=Data_Make_Struct(cCursor, t_dbch, dbc_mark, dbc_free, dbch);
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vtxn) ) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vtxn,t_txnh,txn);
+    if (!txn->txn)
+        raise(0, "txn is closed");
+  }
+
+  rv=dbh->db->cursor(dbh->db,txn?txn->txn:NULL,&(dbch->dbc),flags);
+  if (rv)
+    raise_error(rv,"db_cursor: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+
+  filename_dup(dbch->filename,dbh->filename);
+  dbch->db=dbh;
+  rb_ary_push(dbch->db->adbc,c_obj);
+  rb_obj_call_init(c_obj,0,NULL);
+  return c_obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * dbc.close -> nil
+ *
+ * close an open cursor
+ */
+VALUE dbc_close(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_dbch *dbch;
+  int rv;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbch,dbch);
+  if ( dbch->dbc ) {
+    rv=dbch->dbc->c_close(dbch->dbc);
+    rb_ary_delete(dbch->db->adbc,obj);
+    dbch->db=NULL;
+    dbch->dbc=NULL;
+    if (rv)
+      raise_error(rv,"dbc_close: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * dbc.get(key,data,flags) -> [key,data]
+ *
+ * get data by key or key and data. returns array of key,data
+ */
+VALUE dbc_get(VALUE obj, VALUE vkey, VALUE vdata, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbch *dbch;
+  u_int32_t flags;
+  DBT key,data;
+  VALUE rar;
+  int rv;
+
+  flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbch,dbch);
+  if (!dbch->dbc)
+    raise(0, "dbc is closed");
+
+  memset(&key,0,sizeof(DBT));
+  memset(&data,0,sizeof(DBT));
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vkey) ) {
+    StringValue(vkey);
+    key.data = RSTRING_PTR(vkey);
+    key.size = RSTRING_LEN(vkey);
+    key.flags = LMEMFLAG;
+  }
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vdata) ) {
+    StringValue(vdata);
+    data.data = RSTRING_PTR(vdata);
+    data.size = RSTRING_LEN(vdata);
+    data.flags = LMEMFLAG;
+  }
+
+  rv = dbch->dbc->c_get(dbch->dbc,&key,&data,flags);
+  if ( rv == 0 ) {
+    rar = rb_ary_new3(2,rb_str_new(key.data,key.size),
+		     rb_str_new(data.data,data.size));
+    return rar;
+  } else if (rv == DB_NOTFOUND) {
+    return Qnil;
+  } else {
+    raise_error(rv, "dbc_get %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * dbc.pget(key,data,flags) -> [key,pkey,data]
+ *
+ * cursor pget, returns array(key, primary key, data)
+ */
+VALUE dbc_pget(VALUE obj, VALUE vkey, VALUE vdata, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbch *dbch;
+  u_int32_t flags;
+  DBT key,data,pkey;
+  VALUE rar;
+  int rv;
+
+  flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbch,dbch);
+  if (!dbch->dbc)
+    raise(0, "dbc is closed");
+
+  memset(&key,0,sizeof(DBT));
+  memset(&data,0,sizeof(DBT));
+  memset(&pkey,0,sizeof(DBT));
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vkey) ) {
+    StringValue(vkey);
+    key.data = RSTRING_PTR(vkey);
+    key.size = RSTRING_LEN(vkey);
+    key.flags = LMEMFLAG;
+  }
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vdata) ) {
+    StringValue(vdata);
+    data.data = RSTRING_PTR(vdata);
+    data.size = RSTRING_LEN(vdata);
+    data.flags = LMEMFLAG;
+  }
+
+  rv = dbch->dbc->c_pget(dbch->dbc,&key,&pkey,&data,flags);
+  if ( rv == 0 ) {
+    rar = rb_ary_new3(3,
+		      rb_str_new(key.data,key.size),
+		      rb_str_new(pkey.data,pkey.size),
+		      rb_str_new(data.data,data.size));
+    return rar;
+  } else if (rv == DB_NOTFOUND) {
+    return Qnil;
+  } else {
+    raise_error(rv, "dbc_pget %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * dbc.put(key,data,flags) -> data
+ *
+ * cursor put key/data
+ */
+VALUE dbc_put(VALUE obj, VALUE vkey, VALUE vdata, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_dbch *dbch;
+  u_int32_t flags;
+  DBT key,data;
+  int rv;
+
+  if ( NIL_P(vdata) )
+    raise_error(0,"data element is required for put");
+
+  flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbch,dbch);
+  if (!dbch->dbc)
+    raise(0, "dbc is closed");
+
+  memset(&key,0,sizeof(DBT));
+  memset(&data,0,sizeof(DBT));
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vkey) ) {
+    StringValue(vkey);
+    key.data = RSTRING_PTR(vkey);
+    key.size = RSTRING_LEN(vkey);
+    key.flags = LMEMFLAG;
+  }
+
+  StringValue(vdata);
+  data.data = RSTRING_PTR(vdata);
+  data.size = RSTRING_LEN(vdata);
+  data.flags = LMEMFLAG;
+
+  rv = dbch->dbc->c_put(dbch->dbc,&key,&data,flags);
+  if (rv != 0)
+    raise_error(rv,"dbc_put failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+
+  return vdata;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * dbc.del -> true|nil
+ *
+ * delete tuple at current cursor position. returns true if
+ * something was deleted, nil otherwise (DB_KEYEMPTY)
+ *
+ */
+VALUE dbc_del(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_dbch *dbch;
+  int rv;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbch,dbch);
+  if (!dbch->dbc)
+    raise(0, "dbc is closed");
+  rv = dbch->dbc->c_del(dbch->dbc,NOFLAGS);
+  if (rv == DB_KEYEMPTY)
+    return Qnil;
+  else if (rv != 0) {
+    raise_error(rv, "dbc_del failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * dbc.count -> Fixnum(count)
+ *
+ * returns cursor count as per DB.
+ */
+VALUE dbc_count(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_dbch *dbch;
+  int rv;
+  db_recno_t count;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbch,dbch);
+  if (!dbch->dbc)
+    raise(0, "dbc is closed");
+  rv = dbch->dbc->c_count(dbch->dbc,&count,NOFLAGS);
+  if (rv != 0)
+    raise_error(rv, "db_count failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+
+  return INT2FIX(count);
+}
+
+static void env_free(void *p)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  eh=(t_envh *)p;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_DB
+  if ( RTEST(ruby_debug) )
+    fprintf(stderr,"%s/%d %s 0x%x\n",__FILE__,__LINE__,"env_free cleanup!",p);
+#endif
+
+  if ( eh ) {
+    if ( eh->env ) {
+      eh->env->close(eh->env,NOFLAGS);
+      eh->env=NULL;
+    }
+    free(p);
+  }
+}
+static void env_mark(t_envh *eh)
+{
+  rb_gc_mark(eh->adb);
+  rb_gc_mark(eh->atxn);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Document-class: Bdb::Env
+ *
+ * Encapsulated DB environment. Create by simple new (with
+ * flags as neede), then open. Database handles created with
+ * env.db -> Bdb::Db object.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * new(flags) -> object
+ *
+ *
+ */
+VALUE env_new(VALUE class, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  VALUE obj;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags) )
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+
+  obj=Data_Make_Struct(class,t_envh,env_mark,env_free,eh);
+  rv=db_env_create(&(eh->env),flags);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv,"env_new: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  eh->self=obj;
+  eh->adb = rb_ary_new();
+  eh->atxn = rb_ary_new();
+  rb_obj_call_init(obj,0,NULL);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.open(homedir,flags,mode) -> self
+ *
+ * open an environment
+ */
+VALUE env_open(VALUE obj, VALUE vhome, VALUE vflags, VALUE vmode)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  int mode=0;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags) )
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vmode) )
+    mode=NUM2INT(vmode);
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  if ( NIL_P(eh->adb) )
+    raise_error(0,"env handle already used and closed");
+
+  rv = eh->env->open(eh->env,StringValueCStr(vhome),flags,mode);
+  if (rv != 0) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_open failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+VALUE txn_abort(VALUE);
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.close -> self
+ *
+ * close an environment. Do not use it after you close it. 
+ * The close process will automatically abort any open transactions
+ * and close open databases (which also closes open cursors).
+ * But this is just an effort to keep your dbs and envs from
+ * becoming corrupted due to ruby errors that exit
+ * unintentionally. However, to make this at all worth anything
+ * use ObjectSpace.define_finalizer which calls env.close to
+ * approach some assurance of it happening.
+ *
+ */
+VALUE env_close(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  VALUE db;
+  int rv;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if ( eh->env==NULL )
+    return Qnil;
+
+  if (RARRAY(eh->adb)->len > 0) {
+    rb_warning("%s/%d %s %d",__FILE__,__LINE__,
+	       "database handles still open",RARRAY(eh->adb)->len);
+    while (RARRAY(eh->adb)->len > 0)
+      if ((db=rb_ary_pop(eh->adb)) != Qnil ) {
+    rb_warning("%s/%d %s 0x%x",__FILE__,__LINE__,
+           "closing",db);
+      /* this could raise! needs rb_protect */
+    db_close(db,INT2FIX(0));
+      }
+  }
+  if (RARRAY(eh->atxn)->len > 0) {
+    rb_warning("%s/%d %s",__FILE__,__LINE__,
+	       "database transactions still open");
+    while ( (db=rb_ary_pop(eh->atxn)) != Qnil ) {
+      /* this could raise! needs rb_protect */
+      txn_abort(db);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ( RTEST(ruby_debug) )
+    rb_warning("%s/%d %s 0x%x",__FILE__,__LINE__,"env_close!",eh);
+
+  rv = eh->env->close(eh->env,NOFLAGS);
+  eh->env=NULL;
+  eh->adb=Qnil;
+  eh->atxn=Qnil;
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_close failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.db -> Bdb::Db instance
+ *
+ * create a db associated with an environment
+ */
+VALUE env_db(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  VALUE dbo;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  dbo = Data_Wrap_Struct(cDb,db_mark,db_free,0);
+
+  return db_init_aux(dbo,eh);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.cachesize=Fixnum|Bignum
+ *
+ * set the environment cache size. If it is a Bignum then it
+ * will populate the bytes and gbytes part of the DB struct.
+ * Fixnums will only populate bytes (which is still pretty big).
+ */
+VALUE env_set_cachesize(VALUE obj, VALUE size)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  unsigned long long ln;
+  u_int32_t bytes=0,gbytes=0;
+  int rv;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+
+  if ( TYPE(size) == T_BIGNUM ) {
+    ln = rb_big2ull(size);
+		gbytes = ln / (1024*1024*1024);
+		bytes = ln - (gbytes*1024*1024*1024);
+  } else if (FIXNUM_P(size) ) {
+    bytes=NUM2UINT(size);
+  } else {
+    raise_error(0,"set_cachesize requires number");
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+
+  rv=eh->env->set_cachesize(eh->env,gbytes,bytes,1);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "set_cachesize failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.cachesize -> Fixnum|Bignum
+ *
+ * return the environment cache size. If it is a Bignum then it
+ * will populate the bytes and gbytes part of the DB struct.
+ * Fixnums will only populate bytes (which is still pretty big).
+ */
+VALUE env_get_cachesize(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  unsigned long long ln;
+  u_int32_t bytes=0,gbytes=0;
+	int ncache;
+  int rv;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+
+  rv=eh->env->get_cachesize(eh->env,&gbytes,&bytes,&ncache);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "get_cachesize failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+
+	if (gbytes != 0)
+		return ULL2NUM(gbytes*1024*1024*1024+bytes);
+	else
+		return UINT2NUM(bytes);
+
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+VALUE env_set_flags(VALUE obj, VALUE vflags, int onoff)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags) ) {
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+
+    rv=eh->env->set_flags(eh->env,flags,onoff);
+
+    if ( rv != 0 ) {
+      raise_error(rv, "set_flags failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+      return Qnil;
+    }
+  }
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.flags -> flags
+ *
+ * get what flags are on.
+ */
+VALUE env_get_flags(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  int rv;
+  u_int32_t flags;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+
+   rv=eh->env->get_flags(eh->env,&flags);
+
+   if ( rv != 0 ) {
+     raise_error(rv, "set_flags failure: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+     return Qnil;
+   }
+
+  return UINT2NUM(flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.flags_on=flags
+ *
+ * set the 'flags' on. An or'ed set of flags will be set on.
+ * Only included flags will be affected. Serialized calls
+ * will only affect flags indicated (leaving others, default or
+ * set as they were).
+ */
+VALUE env_set_flags_on(VALUE obj, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  return env_set_flags(obj,vflags,1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.flags_off=flags
+ *
+ * set the 'flags' off. An or'ed set of flags will be set off.
+ * Only included flags will be affected. Serialized calls
+ * will only affect flags indicated (leaving others, default or
+ * set as they were).
+ */
+VALUE env_set_flags_off(VALUE obj, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  return env_set_flags(obj,vflags,0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.list_dbs -> [Bdb::Db array]
+ *
+ * return 0 or more open databases within the receiver environment.
+ * If 0, will return [], not nil.
+ */
+VALUE env_list_dbs(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  return eh->adb;
+}
+static void txn_mark(t_txnh *txn)
+{
+  if (txn->env)
+    rb_gc_mark(txn->env->self);
+}
+static void txn_free(t_txnh *txn)
+{
+#ifdef DEBUG_DB
+  if ( RTEST(ruby_debug) )
+    fprintf(stderr,"%s/%d %s %p\n",__FILE__,__LINE__,"txn_free",txn);
+#endif
+
+  if (txn) {
+    if (txn->txn)
+      txn->txn->abort(txn->txn);
+    txn->txn=NULL;
+    if (txn->env) {
+        rb_ary_delete(txn->env->atxn,txn->self);
+    }
+    txn->env=NULL;
+
+    free(txn);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.txn_begin(txn_parent,flags) -> Bdb::Txn
+ *
+ * start a root transaction or embedded (via txn_parent).
+ */
+VALUE env_txn_begin(VALUE obj, VALUE vtxn_parent, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_txnh *parent=NULL, *txn=NULL;
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  int rv;
+  t_envh *eh;
+  VALUE t_obj;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags))
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vtxn_parent) ) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vtxn_parent,t_txnh,parent);
+    if (!parent->txn)
+        raise(0, "parent txn is closed");
+  }
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  t_obj=Data_Make_Struct(cTxn,t_txnh,txn_mark,txn_free,txn);
+
+  rv=eh->env->txn_begin(eh->env,parent?parent->txn:NULL,
+			&(txn->txn),flags);
+
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_txn_begin: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  txn->env=eh;
+  txn->self=t_obj;
+  rb_ary_push(eh->atxn,t_obj);
+
+  /* Once we get this working, we'll have to track transactions */
+  rb_obj_call_init(t_obj,0,NULL);
+  return t_obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.txn_checkpoint -> true
+ *
+ * Cause env transaction state to be checkpointed.
+ */
+VALUE env_txn_checkpoint(VALUE obj, VALUE vkbyte, VALUE vmin,
+			 VALUE vflags)
+{
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  int rv;
+  t_envh *eh;
+  u_int32_t kbyte=0, min=0;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags))
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+
+  if ( FIXNUM_P(vkbyte) )
+    kbyte=FIX2UINT(vkbyte);
+
+  if ( FIXNUM_P(vmin) )
+    min=FIX2UINT(vmin);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->txn_checkpoint(eh->env,kbyte,min,flags);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_txn_checkpoint: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+VALUE env_txn_stat_active(DB_TXN_ACTIVE *t)
+{
+  VALUE ao;
+
+  ao=rb_class_new_instance(0,NULL,cTxnStatActive);
+
+  rb_iv_set(ao,"@txnid",INT2FIX(t->txnid));
+  rb_iv_set(ao,"@parentid",INT2FIX(t->parentid));
+  /*  rb_iv_set(ao,"@thread_id",INT2FIX(t->thread_id)); */
+  rb_iv_set(ao,"@lsn",rb_ary_new3(2,
+				  INT2FIX(t->lsn.file),
+				  INT2FIX(t->lsn.offset)));
+  /* XA status is currently excluded */
+  return ao;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * db.stat(txn,flags) -> Bdb::Db::Stat
+ *
+ * get database status. Returns a Bdb::Db::Stat object that
+ * is specialized to the db_type and only responds to [] to
+ * retrieve status values. All values are stored in instance
+ * variables, so singleton classes can be created and instance_eval
+ * will work.
+ */
+VALUE db_stat(VALUE obj, VALUE vtxn, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  int rv;
+  t_dbh *dbh;
+  t_txnh *txn=NULL;
+  DBTYPE dbtype;
+  union {
+    void *stat;
+    DB_HASH_STAT *hstat;
+    DB_BTREE_STAT *bstat;
+    DB_QUEUE_STAT *qstat;
+  } su;
+  VALUE s_obj;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags) )
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vtxn) ) {
+    Data_Get_Struct(vtxn,t_txnh,txn);
+    if (!txn->txn)
+        raise(0, "txn is closed");
+  }
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_dbh,dbh);
+  if (!dbh->db)
+    raise(0, "db is closed");
+
+  rv=dbh->db->get_type(dbh->db,&dbtype);
+  if (rv)
+    raise_error(rv,"db_stat %s",db_strerror(rv));
+#if DB_VERSION_MINOR > 2
+  rv=dbh->db->stat(dbh->db,txn?txn->txn:NULL,&(su.stat),flags);
+#else
+  rv=dbh->db->stat(dbh->db,&(su.stat),flags);
+#endif
+  if (rv)
+    raise_error(rv,"db_stat %s",db_strerror(rv));
+
+  s_obj=rb_class_new_instance(0,NULL,cDbStat);
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@dbtype",INT2FIX(dbtype));
+
+  switch(dbtype) {
+
+#define hs_int(field)			      \
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@" #field,INT2FIX(su.hstat->field))
+
+  case DB_HASH:
+    hs_int(hash_magic);
+    hs_int(hash_version);		/* Version number. */
+    hs_int(hash_metaflags);	/* Metadata flags. */
+    hs_int(hash_nkeys);		/* Number of unique keys. */
+    hs_int(hash_ndata);		/* Number of data items. */
+    hs_int(hash_pagesize);	/* Page size. */
+    hs_int(hash_ffactor);		/* Fill factor specified at create. */
+    hs_int(hash_buckets);		/* Number of hash buckets. */
+    hs_int(hash_free);		/* Pages on the free list. */
+    hs_int(hash_bfree);		/* Bytes free on bucket pages. */
+    hs_int(hash_bigpages);	/* Number of big key/data pages. */
+    hs_int(hash_big_bfree);	/* Bytes free on big item pages. */
+    hs_int(hash_overflows);	/* Number of overflow pages. */
+    hs_int(hash_ovfl_free);	/* Bytes free on ovfl pages. */
+    hs_int(hash_dup);		/* Number of dup pages. */
+    hs_int(hash_dup_free);	/* Bytes free on duplicate pages. */
+    break;
+
+#define bs_int(field)					\
+    rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@" #field,INT2FIX(su.bstat->field))
+    
+  case DB_BTREE:
+  case DB_RECNO:
+    bs_int(bt_magic);		/* Magic number. */
+    bs_int(bt_version);		/* Version number. */
+    bs_int(bt_metaflags);		/* Metadata flags. */
+    bs_int(bt_nkeys);		/* Number of unique keys. */
+    bs_int(bt_ndata);		/* Number of data items. */
+    bs_int(bt_pagesize);		/* Page size. */
+#if DB_VERSION_MINOR < 4
+    bs_int(bt_maxkey);		/* Maxkey value. */
+#endif
+    bs_int(bt_minkey);		/* Minkey value. */
+    bs_int(bt_re_len);		/* Fixed-length record length. */
+    bs_int(bt_re_pad);		/* Fixed-length record pad. */
+    bs_int(bt_levels);		/* Tree levels. */
+    bs_int(bt_int_pg);		/* Internal pages. */
+    bs_int(bt_leaf_pg);		/* Leaf pages. */
+    bs_int(bt_dup_pg);		/* Duplicate pages. */
+    bs_int(bt_over_pg);		/* Overflow pages. */
+#if DB_VERSION_MINOR > 2
+    bs_int(bt_empty_pg);		/* Empty pages. */
+#endif
+    bs_int(bt_free);		/* Pages on the free list. */
+    bs_int(bt_int_pgfree);	/* Bytes free in internal pages. */
+    bs_int(bt_leaf_pgfree);	/* Bytes free in leaf pages. */
+    bs_int(bt_dup_pgfree);	/* Bytes free in duplicate pages. */
+    bs_int(bt_over_pgfree);	/* Bytes free in overflow pages. */
+    
+    break;
+
+#define qs_int(field)					\
+    rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@" #field,INT2FIX(su.qstat->field))
+    
+  case DB_QUEUE:
+    qs_int(qs_magic);		/* Magic number. */
+    qs_int(qs_version);		/* Version number. */
+    qs_int(qs_metaflags);		/* Metadata flags. */
+    qs_int(qs_nkeys);		/* Number of unique keys. */
+    qs_int(qs_ndata);		/* Number of data items. */
+    qs_int(qs_pagesize);		/* Page size. */
+    qs_int(qs_extentsize);	/* Pages per extent. */
+    qs_int(qs_pages);		/* Data pages. */
+    qs_int(qs_re_len);		/* Fixed-length record length. */
+    qs_int(qs_re_pad);		/* Fixed-length record pad. */
+    qs_int(qs_pgfree);		/* Bytes free in data pages. */
+    qs_int(qs_first_recno);	/* First not deleted record. */
+    qs_int(qs_cur_recno);		/* Next available record number. */
+    
+    break;
+  }
+
+  free(su.stat);
+  return s_obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * stat[name] -> value
+ *
+ * return status value
+ */
+VALUE stat_aref(VALUE obj, VALUE vname)
+{
+  rb_iv_get(obj,RSTRING_PTR(rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2("@"),vname)));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.txn_stat -> Bdb::TxnStat
+ *
+ * get the environment transaction status. Each active
+ * transaction will be contained within a Bdb::TxnStat::Active
+ * class.
+ */
+VALUE env_txn_stat(VALUE obj, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  int rv;
+  t_envh *eh;
+  DB_TXN_STAT *statp;
+  VALUE s_obj;
+  VALUE active;
+  int i;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags))
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+
+  /* statp will need free() */
+  rv=eh->env->txn_stat(eh->env,&statp,flags);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "txn_stat: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+  
+  s_obj=rb_class_new_instance(0,NULL,cTxnStat);
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@st_last_ckp",
+	    rb_ary_new3(2,
+			INT2FIX(statp->st_last_ckp.file),
+			INT2FIX(statp->st_last_ckp.offset)) );
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@st_time_ckp",
+	    rb_time_new(statp->st_time_ckp,0));
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@st_last_txnid",
+	    INT2FIX(statp->st_last_txnid));
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@st_maxtxns",
+	    INT2FIX(statp->st_maxtxns));
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@st_nactive",
+	    INT2FIX(statp->st_nactive));
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@st_maxnactive",
+	    INT2FIX(statp->st_maxnactive));
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@st_nbegins",
+	    INT2FIX(statp->st_nbegins));
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@st_naborts",
+	    INT2FIX(statp->st_naborts));
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@st_ncommits",
+	    INT2FIX(statp->st_ncommits));
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@st_nrestores",
+	    INT2FIX(statp->st_nrestores));
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@st_regsize",
+	    INT2FIX(statp->st_regsize));
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@st_region_wait",
+	    INT2FIX(statp->st_region_wait));
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@st_region_nowait",
+	    INT2FIX(statp->st_region_nowait));
+  rb_iv_set(s_obj,"@st_txnarray",
+	    active=rb_ary_new2(statp->st_nactive));
+
+  for (i=0; i<statp->st_nactive; i++) {
+    rb_ary_push(active,env_txn_stat_active(&(statp->st_txnarray[i])));
+  }
+
+  free(statp);
+  return s_obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.set_timeout(timeout,flags) -> timeout
+ *
+ * set lock and transaction timeout
+ */
+VALUE env_set_timeout(VALUE obj, VALUE vtimeout, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  db_timeout_t timeout;
+  int rv;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags))
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+  timeout=FIX2UINT(vtimeout);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->set_timeout(eh->env,timeout,flags);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_set_timeout: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return vtimeout;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.get_timeout(flags) -> Fixnum
+ *
+ * Get current transaction and lock timeout value
+ */
+VALUE env_get_timeout(VALUE obj, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  db_timeout_t timeout;
+  int rv;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags))
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->get_timeout(eh->env,&timeout,flags);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_get_timeout: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return INT2FIX(timeout);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.set_tx_max(max) -> max
+ *
+ * Set the maximum number of transactions with the environment
+ */
+VALUE env_set_tx_max(VALUE obj, VALUE vmax)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  u_int32_t max;
+  int rv;
+
+  max=FIX2UINT(vmax);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->set_tx_max(eh->env,max);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_set_tx_max: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return vmax;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq
+ * env.get_tx_max -> Fixnum
+ *
+ * Get current maximum number of transactions
+ */
+VALUE env_get_tx_max(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  u_int32_t max;
+  int rv;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->get_tx_max(eh->env,&max);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_get_tx_max: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return INT2FIX(max);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.set_shm_key(key) -> max
+ *
+ * Set the shared memory key base
+ */
+VALUE env_set_shm_key(VALUE obj, VALUE vkey)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  long key;
+  int rv;
+
+  key=FIX2UINT(vkey);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->set_shm_key(eh->env,key);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_set_shm_key: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return vkey;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq
+ * env.get_shm_key -> Fixnum
+ *
+ * Get the current shm key base
+ */
+VALUE env_get_shm_key(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  long key;
+  int rv;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->get_shm_key(eh->env,&key);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_get_shm_key: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return INT2FIX(key);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.set_lk_detect(detect) -> detect
+ *
+ * Set when lock detector should be run
+ */
+VALUE env_set_lk_detect(VALUE obj, VALUE vdetect)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  u_int32_t detect;
+  int rv;
+
+  detect=NUM2UINT(vdetect);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->set_lk_detect(eh->env,detect);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_set_lk_detect: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return vdetect;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.get_lk_detect() -> detect
+ *
+ * Get when lock detector should be run
+ */
+VALUE env_get_lk_detect(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  u_int32_t detect;
+  int rv;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->get_lk_detect(eh->env,&detect);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_set_lk_detect: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return UINT2NUM(detect);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.set_lk_max_locks(max) -> max
+ *
+ * Set the maximum number of locks in the environment
+ */
+VALUE env_set_lk_max_locks(VALUE obj, VALUE vmax)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  u_int32_t max;
+  int rv;
+
+  max=FIX2UINT(vmax);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->set_lk_max_locks(eh->env,max);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_set_lk_max_locks: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return vmax;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.get_lk_max_locks -> max
+ *
+ * Get the maximum number of locks in the environment
+ */
+VALUE env_get_lk_max_locks(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  u_int32_t max;
+  int rv;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->get_lk_max_locks(eh->env,&max);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_get_lk_max_locks: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return UINT2NUM(max);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.set_lk_max_objects(max) -> max
+ *
+ * Set the maximum number of locks in the environment
+ */
+VALUE env_set_lk_max_objects(VALUE obj, VALUE vmax)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  u_int32_t max;
+  int rv;
+
+  max=FIX2UINT(vmax);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->set_lk_max_objects(eh->env,max);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_set_lk_max_objects: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return vmax;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.get_lk_max_objects -> max
+ *
+ * Get the maximum number of locks in the environment
+ */
+VALUE env_get_lk_max_objects(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  u_int32_t max;
+  int rv;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->get_lk_max_objects(eh->env,&max);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_get_lk_max_objects: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return UINT2NUM(max);
+}
+
+VALUE env_report_stderr(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  u_int32_t max;
+  int rv;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  eh->env->set_errfile(eh->env,stderr);
+
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.set_data_dir(data_dir) -> data_dir
+ *
+ * set data_dir
+ */
+VALUE env_set_data_dir(VALUE obj, VALUE vdata_dir)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  const char *data_dir;
+  int rv;
+
+  data_dir=StringValueCStr(vdata_dir);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->set_data_dir(eh->env,data_dir);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_set_data_dir: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return vdata_dir;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.get_data_dir -> [data_dir_1, data_dir_2, ...]
+ *
+ * get data_dir
+ */
+VALUE env_get_data_dirs(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  const char **data_dirs;
+  int rv;
+	int ln;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->get_data_dirs(eh->env,&data_dirs);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_get_data_dir: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+	ln = (sizeof (data_dirs))/sizeof(data_dirs[0]);
+	VALUE rb_data_dirs = rb_ary_new2(ln);
+	int i;
+	for (i=0; i<ln; i++) {
+		rb_ary_push(rb_data_dirs, rb_str_new2(data_dirs[i]));
+	}
+	
+  return rb_data_dirs;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.set_lg_dir(lg_dir) -> lg_dir
+ *
+ * set lg_dir
+ */
+VALUE env_set_lg_dir(VALUE obj, VALUE vlg_dir)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  const char *lg_dir;
+  int rv;
+
+  lg_dir=StringValueCStr(vlg_dir);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->set_lg_dir(eh->env,lg_dir);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_set_lg_dir: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return vlg_dir;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.get_lg_dir -> lg_dir
+ *
+ * get lg_dir
+ */
+VALUE env_get_lg_dir(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  const char *lg_dir;
+  int rv;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->get_lg_dir(eh->env,&lg_dir);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_get_lg_dir: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return rb_str_new2(lg_dir);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.set_tmp_dir(tmp_dir) -> tmp_dir
+ *
+ * set tmp_dir
+ */
+VALUE env_set_tmp_dir(VALUE obj, VALUE vtmp_dir)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  const char *tmp_dir;
+  int rv;
+
+  tmp_dir=StringValueCStr(vtmp_dir);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->set_tmp_dir(eh->env,tmp_dir);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_set_tmp_dir: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return vtmp_dir;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * env.get_tmp_dir -> tmp_dir
+ *
+ * get tmp_dir
+ */
+VALUE env_get_tmp_dir(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_envh *eh;
+  const char *tmp_dir;
+  int rv;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_envh,eh);
+  if (!eh->env)
+    raise(0, "env is closed");
+  rv=eh->env->get_tmp_dir(eh->env,&tmp_dir);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "env_get_tmp_dir: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+  }
+
+  return rb_str_new2(tmp_dir);
+}
+
+static void txn_finish(t_txnh *txn)
+{
+  if ( RTEST(ruby_debug) )
+    rb_warning("%s/%d %s 0x%x",__FILE__,__LINE__,"txn_finish",txn);
+
+  txn->txn=NULL;
+  if (txn->env) {
+      rb_ary_delete(txn->env->atxn,txn->self);
+      txn->env=NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * txn.commit(flags) -> true
+ *
+ * commit a transaction
+ */
+VALUE txn_commit(VALUE obj, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_txnh *txn=NULL;
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  int rv;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags))
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_txnh,txn);
+
+  if (!txn->txn) 
+    return Qfalse;
+  
+  rv=txn->txn->commit(txn->txn,flags);
+  txn_finish(txn);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "txn_commit: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * txn.abort -> true
+ *
+ * abort a transaction
+ */
+VALUE txn_abort(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_txnh *txn=NULL;
+  int rv;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_txnh,txn);
+
+  if (!txn->txn)
+    return Qfalse;
+
+  rv=txn->txn->abort(txn->txn);
+  txn_finish(txn);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "txn_abort: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * txn.discard -> true
+ *
+ * discard a transaction. Since prepare is not yet supported,
+ * I don't think this has much value.
+ */
+VALUE txn_discard(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_txnh *txn=NULL;
+  int rv;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_txnh,txn);
+
+  if (!txn->txn)
+    raise_error(0,"txn is closed");
+
+  rv=txn->txn->discard(txn->txn,NOFLAGS);
+  txn_finish(txn);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "txn_abort: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * txn.tid -> Fixnum
+ * 
+ * return the transaction id, (named tid to not conflict with
+ * ruby's id method)
+ */
+VALUE txn_id(VALUE obj)
+{
+  t_txnh *txn=NULL;
+  int rv;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_txnh,txn);
+  if (!txn->txn)
+    raise_error(0,"txn is closed");
+
+  rv=txn->txn->id(txn->txn);
+  return INT2FIX(rv);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * tx.set_timeout(timeout,flags) -> true
+ *
+ * set transaction lock timeout
+ */
+VALUE txn_set_timeout(VALUE obj, VALUE vtimeout, VALUE vflags)
+{
+  t_txnh *txn=NULL;
+  db_timeout_t timeout;
+  u_int32_t flags=0;
+  int rv;
+
+  if ( ! NIL_P(vflags))
+    flags=NUM2UINT(vflags);
+
+  if ( ! FIXNUM_P(vtimeout) )
+    raise_error(0,"timeout must be a fixed integer");
+  timeout=FIX2UINT(vtimeout);
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(obj,t_txnh,txn);
+
+  if (!txn->txn)
+    raise_error(0,"txn is closed");
+
+  rv=txn->txn->set_timeout(txn->txn,timeout,flags);
+  if ( rv != 0 ) {
+    raise_error(rv, "txn_set_timeout: %s",db_strerror(rv));
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Document-class: Bdb
+ *
+ * Ruby library that wraps the Sleepycat Berkeley DB.
+ * 
+ * Developed against 4.3/4.4. No support for prior versions.
+ */
+
+void Init_bdb() {
+  fv_call=rb_intern("call");
+  fv_err_new=rb_intern("new");
+  fv_err_code=rb_intern("@code");
+  fv_err_msg=rb_intern("@message");
+
+  mBdb = rb_define_module("Bdb");
+
+#include "bdb_aux._c"
+
+  cDb = rb_define_class_under(mBdb,"Db", rb_cObject);
+  eDbError = rb_define_class_under(mBdb,"DbError",rb_eStandardError);
+  rb_define_method(eDbError,"initialize",err_initialize,2);
+  rb_define_method(eDbError,"code",err_code,0);
+
+  rb_define_const(cDb,"BTREE",INT2FIX((DBTYPE)(DB_BTREE)));
+  rb_define_const(cDb,"HASH",INT2FIX((DBTYPE)(DB_HASH)));
+  rb_define_const(cDb,"RECNO",INT2FIX((DBTYPE)(DB_RECNO)));
+  rb_define_const(cDb,"QUEUE",INT2FIX((DBTYPE)(DB_QUEUE)));
+  rb_define_const(cDb,"UNKNOWN",INT2FIX((DBTYPE)(DB_UNKNOWN)));
+
+  rb_define_alloc_func(cDb,db_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"initialize",db_initialize,0);
+
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"put",db_put,4);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"get",db_get,4);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"pget",db_pget,4);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"del",db_del,3);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"cursor",db_cursor,2);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"associate",db_associate,4);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"flags=",db_flags_set,1);
+	rb_define_method(cDb,"flags",db_flags_get,0);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"open",db_open,6);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"close",db_close,1);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"[]",db_aget,1);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"[]=",db_aset,2);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"join",db_join,2);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"get_byteswapped",db_get_byteswapped,0);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"get_type",db_get_type,0);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"remove",db_remove,3);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"key_range",db_key_range,3);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"rename",db_rename,4);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"pagesize",db_pagesize,0);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"pagesize=",db_pagesize_set,1);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"h_ffactor",db_h_ffactor,0);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"h_ffactor=",db_h_ffactor_set,1);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"h_nelem",db_h_nelem,0);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"h_nelem=",db_h_nelem_set,1);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"stat",db_stat,2);
+  cDbStat = rb_define_class_under(cDb,"Stat",rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_method(cDbStat,"[]",stat_aref,1);
+
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"sync",db_sync,0);
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"truncate",db_truncate,1);
+
+#if DB_VERSION_MINOR > 3
+  rb_define_method(cDb,"compact",db_compact,5);
+#endif
+
+  cCursor = rb_define_class_under(cDb,"Cursor",rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_method(cCursor,"get",dbc_get,3);
+  rb_define_method(cCursor,"pget",dbc_pget,3);
+  rb_define_method(cCursor,"put",dbc_put,3);
+  rb_define_method(cCursor,"close",dbc_close,0);
+  rb_define_method(cCursor,"del",dbc_del,0);
+  rb_define_method(cCursor,"count",dbc_count,0);
+
+  cEnv = rb_define_class_under(mBdb,"Env",rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(cEnv,"new",env_new,1);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"open",env_open,3);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"close",env_close,0);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"db",env_db,0);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"cachesize=",env_set_cachesize,1);
+ 	rb_define_method(cEnv,"cachesize",env_get_cachesize,0);
+	rb_define_method(cEnv,"flags",env_get_flags,0);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"flags_on=",env_set_flags_on,1);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"flags_off=",env_set_flags_off,1);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"list_dbs",env_list_dbs,0);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"txn_begin",env_txn_begin,2);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"txn_checkpoint",env_txn_checkpoint,3);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"txn_stat",env_txn_stat,1);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"set_timeout",env_set_timeout,2);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"get_timeout",env_get_timeout,1);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"set_tx_max",env_set_tx_max,1);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"get_tx_max",env_get_tx_max,0);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"report_stderr",env_report_stderr,0);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"set_lk_detect",env_set_lk_detect,1);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"get_lk_detect",env_get_lk_detect,0);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"set_lk_max_locks",env_set_lk_max_locks,1);
+	rb_define_method(cEnv,"get_lk_max_locks",env_get_lk_max_locks,0);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"set_lk_max_objects",env_set_lk_max_objects,1);
+	rb_define_method(cEnv,"get_lk_max_objects",env_get_lk_max_objects,0);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"set_shm_key",env_set_shm_key,1);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"get_shm_key",env_get_shm_key,0);
+
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"set_data_dir",env_set_data_dir,1);
+	rb_define_method(cEnv,"get_data_dirs",env_get_data_dirs,0);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"set_lg_dir",env_set_lg_dir,1);
+	rb_define_method(cEnv,"get_lg_dir",env_get_lg_dir,0);
+  rb_define_method(cEnv,"set_tmp_dir",env_set_tmp_dir,1);
+	rb_define_method(cEnv,"get_tmp_dir",env_get_tmp_dir,0);
+
+  cTxnStat = rb_define_class_under(mBdb,"TxnStat",rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_method(cTxnStat,"[]",stat_aref,1);
+
+  cTxnStatActive =
+    rb_define_class_under(cTxnStat,"Active",rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_method(cTxnStatActive,"[]",stat_aref,1);
+
+  cTxn = rb_define_class_under(mBdb,"Txn",rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_method(cTxn,"commit",txn_commit,1);
+  rb_define_method(cTxn,"abort",txn_abort,0);
+  rb_define_method(cTxn,"discard",txn_discard,0);
+  rb_define_method(cTxn,"tid",txn_id,0);
+  rb_define_method(cTxn,"set_timeout",txn_set_timeout,2);
+}