mathquill_rails 0.9.3.1

data/vendor/assets/javascripts/mathquill.js

@@ -0,0 +1,3890 @@
+/**
+ * MathQuill: http://mathquill.com
+ * by Jay and Han (laughinghan@gmail.com)
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the
+ * Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL
+ * was not distributed with this file, You can obtain
+ * one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+(function() {
+
+var jQuery = window.jQuery,
+  undefined,
+  _, //temp variable of prototypes
+  mqCmdId = 'mathquill-command-id',
+  mqBlockId = 'mathquill-block-id',
+  min = Math.min,
+  max = Math.max;
+
+var __slice = [].slice;
+
+function noop() {}
+
+/**
+ * sugar to make defining lots of commands easier.
+ * TODO: rethink this.
+ */
+function bind(cons /*, args... */) {
+  var args = __slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  return function() {
+    return cons.apply(this, args);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * a development-only debug method.  This definition and all
+ * calls to `pray` will be stripped from the minified
+ * build of mathquill.
+ *
+ * This function must be called by name to be removed
+ * at compile time.  Do not define another function
+ * with the same name, and only call this function by
+ * name.
+ */
+function pray(message, cond) {
+  if (!cond) throw new Error('prayer failed: '+message);
+}
+var P = (function(prototype, ownProperty, undefined) {
+  // helper functions that also help minification
+  function isObject(o) { return typeof o === 'object'; }
+  function isFunction(f) { return typeof f === 'function'; }
+
+  // used to extend the prototypes of superclasses (which might not
+  // have `.Bare`s)
+  function SuperclassBare() {}
+
+  return function P(_superclass /* = Object */, definition) {
+    // handle the case where no superclass is given
+    if (definition === undefined) {
+      definition = _superclass;
+      _superclass = Object;
+    }
+
+    // C is the class to be returned.
+    //
+    // It delegates to instantiating an instance of `Bare`, so that it
+    // will always return a new instance regardless of the calling
+    // context.
+    //
+    //  TODO: the Chrome inspector shows all created objects as `C`
+    //        rather than `Object`.  Setting the .name property seems to
+    //        have no effect.  Is there a way to override this behavior?
+    function C() {
+      var self = new Bare;
+      if (isFunction(self.init)) self.init.apply(self, arguments);
+      return self;
+    }
+
+    // C.Bare is a class with a noop constructor.  Its prototype is the
+    // same as C, so that instances of C.Bare are also instances of C.
+    // New objects can be allocated without initialization by calling
+    // `new MyClass.Bare`.
+    function Bare() {}
+    C.Bare = Bare;
+
+    // Set up the prototype of the new class.
+    var _super = SuperclassBare[prototype] = _superclass[prototype];
+    var proto = Bare[prototype] = C[prototype] = C.p = new SuperclassBare;
+
+    // other variables, as a minifier optimization
+    var extensions;
+
+
+    // set the constructor property on the prototype, for convenience
+    proto.constructor = C;
+
+    C.mixin = function(def) {
+      Bare[prototype] = C[prototype] = P(C, def)[prototype];
+      return C;
+    }
+
+    return (C.open = function(def) {
+      extensions = {};
+
+      if (isFunction(def)) {
+        // call the defining function with all the arguments you need
+        // extensions captures the return value.
+        extensions = def.call(C, proto, _super, C, _superclass);
+      }
+      else if (isObject(def)) {
+        // if you passed an object instead, we'll take it
+        extensions = def;
+      }
+
+      // ...and extend it
+      if (isObject(extensions)) {
+        for (var ext in extensions) {
+          if (ownProperty.call(extensions, ext)) {
+            proto[ext] = extensions[ext];
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // if there's no init, we assume we're inheriting a non-pjs class, so
+      // we default to applying the superclass's constructor.
+      if (!isFunction(proto.init)) {
+        proto.init = _superclass;
+      }
+
+      return C;
+    })(definition);
+  }
+
+  // as a minifier optimization, we've closured in a few helper functions
+  // and the string 'prototype' (C[p] is much shorter than C.prototype)
+})('prototype', ({}).hasOwnProperty);
+/*************************************************
+ * Textarea Manager
+ *
+ * An abstraction layer wrapping the textarea in
+ * an object with methods to manipulate and listen
+ * to events on, that hides all the nasty cross-
+ * browser incompatibilities behind a uniform API.
+ *
+ * Design goal: This is a *HARD* internal
+ * abstraction barrier. Cross-browser
+ * inconsistencies are not allowed to leak through
+ * and be dealt with by event handlers. All future
+ * cross-browser issues that arise must be dealt
+ * with here, and if necessary, the API updated.
+ *
+ * Organization:
+ * - key values map and stringify()
+ * - manageTextarea()
+ *    + defer() and flush()
+ *    + event handler logic
+ *    + attach event handlers and export methods
+ ************************************************/
+
+var manageTextarea = (function() {
+  // The following [key values][1] map was compiled from the
+  // [DOM3 Events appendix section on key codes][2] and
+  // [a widely cited report on cross-browser tests of key codes][3],
+  // except for 10: 'Enter', which I've empirically observed in Safari on iOS
+  // and doesn't appear to conflict with any other known key codes.
+  //
+  // [1]: http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20120614/#keys-keyvalues
+  // [2]: http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20120614/#fixed-virtual-key-codes
+  // [3]: http://unixpapa.com/js/key.html
+  var KEY_VALUES = {
+    8: 'Backspace',
+    9: 'Tab',
+
+    10: 'Enter', // for Safari on iOS
+
+    13: 'Enter',
+
+    16: 'Shift',
+    17: 'Control',
+    18: 'Alt',
+    20: 'CapsLock',
+
+    27: 'Esc',
+
+    32: 'Spacebar',
+
+    33: 'PageUp',
+    34: 'PageDown',
+    35: 'End',
+    36: 'Home',
+
+    37: 'Left',
+    38: 'Up',
+    39: 'Right',
+    40: 'Down',
+
+    45: 'Insert',
+
+    46: 'Del',
+
+    144: 'NumLock'
+  };
+
+  // To the extent possible, create a normalized string representation
+  // of the key combo (i.e., key code and modifier keys).
+  function stringify(evt) {
+    var which = evt.which || evt.keyCode;
+    var keyVal = KEY_VALUES[which];
+    var key;
+    var modifiers = [];
+
+    if (evt.ctrlKey) modifiers.push('Ctrl');
+    if (evt.originalEvent && evt.originalEvent.metaKey) modifiers.push('Meta');
+    if (evt.altKey) modifiers.push('Alt');
+    if (evt.shiftKey) modifiers.push('Shift');
+
+    key = keyVal || String.fromCharCode(which);
+
+    if (!modifiers.length && !keyVal) return key;
+
+    modifiers.push(key);
+    return modifiers.join('-');
+  }
+
+  // create a textarea manager that calls callbacks at useful times
+  // and exports useful public methods
+  return function manageTextarea(el, opts) {
+    var keydown = null;
+    var keypress = null;
+
+    if (!opts) opts = {};
+    var textCallback = opts.text || noop;
+    var keyCallback = opts.key || noop;
+    var pasteCallback = opts.paste || noop;
+    var onCut = opts.cut || noop;
+
+    var textarea = jQuery(el);
+    var target = jQuery(opts.container || textarea);
+
+    // checkTextareaFor() is called after keypress or paste events to
+    // say "Hey, I think something was just typed" or "pasted" (resp.),
+    // so that at all subsequent opportune times (next event or timeout),
+    // will check for expected typed or pasted text.
+    // Need to check repeatedly because #135: in Safari 5.1 (at least),
+    // after selecting something and then typing, the textarea is
+    // incorrectly reported as selected during the input event (but not
+    // subsequently).
+    var checkTextarea = noop, timeoutId;
+    function checkTextareaFor(checker) {
+      checkTextarea = checker;
+      clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+      timeoutId = setTimeout(checker);
+    }
+    target.bind('keydown keypress input keyup focusout paste', function() { checkTextarea(); });
+
+
+    // -*- public methods -*- //
+    function select(text) {
+      // check textarea at least once/one last time before munging (so
+      // no race condition if selection happens after keypress/paste but
+      // before checkTextarea), then never again ('cos it's been munged)
+      checkTextarea();
+      checkTextarea = noop;
+      clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+
+      textarea.val(text);
+      if (text) textarea[0].select();
+    }
+
+    // -*- helper subroutines -*- //
+
+    // Determine whether there's a selection in the textarea.
+    // This will always return false in IE < 9, which don't support
+    // HTMLTextareaElement::selection{Start,End}.
+    function hasSelection() {
+      var dom = textarea[0];
+
+      if (!('selectionStart' in dom)) return false;
+      return dom.selectionStart !== dom.selectionEnd;
+    }
+
+    function popText(callback) {
+      var text = textarea.val();
+      textarea.val('');
+      if (text) callback(text);
+    }
+
+    function handleKey() {
+      keyCallback(stringify(keydown), keydown);
+    }
+
+    // -*- event handlers -*- //
+    function onKeydown(e) {
+      keydown = e;
+      keypress = null;
+
+      handleKey();
+    }
+
+    function onKeypress(e) {
+      // call the key handler for repeated keypresses.
+      // This excludes keypresses that happen directly
+      // after keydown.  In that case, there will be
+      // no previous keypress, so we skip it here
+      if (keydown && keypress) handleKey();
+
+      keypress = e;
+
+      checkTextareaFor(typedText);
+    }
+    function typedText() {
+      // If there is a selection, the contents of the textarea couldn't
+      // possibly have just been typed in.
+      // This happens in browsers like Firefox and Opera that fire
+      // keypress for keystrokes that are not text entry and leave the
+      // selection in the textarea alone, such as Ctrl-C.
+      // Note: we assume that browsers that don't support hasSelection()
+      // also never fire keypress on keystrokes that are not text entry.
+      // This seems reasonably safe because:
+      // - all modern browsers including IE 9+ support hasSelection(),
+      //   making it extremely unlikely any browser besides IE < 9 won't
+      // - as far as we know IE < 9 never fires keypress on keystrokes
+      //   that aren't text entry, which is only as reliable as our
+      //   tests are comprehensive, but the IE < 9 way to do
+      //   hasSelection() is poorly documented and is also only as
+      //   reliable as our tests are comprehensive
+      // If anything like #40 or #71 is reported in IE < 9, see
+      // b1318e5349160b665003e36d4eedd64101ceacd8
+      if (hasSelection()) return;
+
+      popText(textCallback);
+    }
+
+    function onBlur() { keydown = keypress = null; }
+
+    function onPaste(e) {
+      // browsers are dumb.
+      //
+      // In Linux, middle-click pasting causes onPaste to be called,
+      // when the textarea is not necessarily focused.  We focus it
+      // here to ensure that the pasted text actually ends up in the
+      // textarea.
+      //
+      // It's pretty nifty that by changing focus in this handler,
+      // we can change the target of the default action.  (This works
+      // on keydown too, FWIW).
+      //
+      // And by nifty, we mean dumb (but useful sometimes).
+      textarea.focus();
+
+      checkTextareaFor(pastedText);
+    }
+    function pastedText() {
+      popText(pasteCallback);
+    }
+
+    // -*- attach event handlers -*- //
+    target.bind({
+      keydown: onKeydown,
+      keypress: onKeypress,
+      focusout: onBlur,
+      cut: onCut,
+      paste: onPaste
+    });
+
+    // -*- export public methods -*- //
+    return {
+      select: select
+    };
+  };
+}());
+var Parser = P(function(_, _super, Parser) {
+  // The Parser object is a wrapper for a parser function.
+  // Externally, you use one to parse a string by calling
+  //   var result = SomeParser.parse('Me Me Me! Parse Me!');
+  // You should never call the constructor, rather you should
+  // construct your Parser from the base parsers and the
+  // parser combinator methods.
+
+  function parseError(stream, message) {
+    if (stream) {
+      stream = "'"+stream+"'";
+    }
+    else {
+      stream = 'EOF';
+    }
+
+    throw 'Parse Error: '+message+' at '+stream;
+  }
+
+  _.init = function(body) { this._ = body; };
+
+  _.parse = function(stream) {
+    return this.skip(eof)._(stream, success, parseError);
+
+    function success(stream, result) { return result; }
+  };
+
+  // -*- primitive combinators -*- //
+  _.or = function(alternative) {
+    pray('or is passed a parser', alternative instanceof Parser);
+
+    var self = this;
+
+    return Parser(function(stream, onSuccess, onFailure) {
+      return self._(stream, onSuccess, failure);
+
+      function failure(newStream) {
+        return alternative._(stream, onSuccess, onFailure);
+      }
+    });
+  };
+
+  _.then = function(next) {
+    var self = this;
+
+    return Parser(function(stream, onSuccess, onFailure) {
+      return self._(stream, success, onFailure);
+
+      function success(newStream, result) {
+        var nextParser = (next instanceof Parser ? next : next(result));
+        pray('a parser is returned', nextParser instanceof Parser);
+        return nextParser._(newStream, onSuccess, onFailure);
+      }
+    });
+  };
+
+  // -*- optimized iterative combinators -*- //
+  _.many = function() {
+    var self = this;
+
+    return Parser(function(stream, onSuccess, onFailure) {
+      var xs = [];
+      while (self._(stream, success, failure));
+      return onSuccess(stream, xs);
+
+      function success(newStream, x) {
+        stream = newStream;
+        xs.push(x);
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      function failure() {
+        return false;
+      }
+    });
+  };
+
+  _.times = function(min, max) {
+    if (arguments.length < 2) max = min;
+    var self = this;
+
+    return Parser(function(stream, onSuccess, onFailure) {
+      var xs = [];
+      var result = true;
+      var failure;
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < min; i += 1) {
+        result = self._(stream, success, firstFailure);
+        if (!result) return onFailure(stream, failure);
+      }
+
+      for (; i < max && result; i += 1) {
+        result = self._(stream, success, secondFailure);
+      }
+
+      return onSuccess(stream, xs);
+
+      function success(newStream, x) {
+        xs.push(x);
+        stream = newStream;
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      function firstFailure(newStream, msg) {
+        failure = msg;
+        stream = newStream;
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      function secondFailure(newStream, msg) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    });
+  };
+
+  // -*- higher-level combinators -*- //
+  _.result = function(res) { return this.then(succeed(res)); };
+  _.atMost = function(n) { return this.times(0, n); };
+  _.atLeast = function(n) {
+    var self = this;
+    return self.times(n).then(function(start) {
+      return self.many().map(function(end) {
+        return start.concat(end);
+      });
+    });
+  };
+
+  _.map = function(fn) {
+    return this.then(function(result) { return succeed(fn(result)); });
+  };
+
+  _.skip = function(two) {
+    return this.then(function(result) { return two.result(result); });
+  };
+
+  // -*- primitive parsers -*- //
+  var string = this.string = function(str) {
+    var len = str.length;
+    var expected = "expected '"+str+"'";
+
+    return Parser(function(stream, onSuccess, onFailure) {
+      var head = stream.slice(0, len);
+
+      if (head === str) {
+        return onSuccess(stream.slice(len), head);
+      }
+      else {
+        return onFailure(stream, expected);
+      }
+    });
+  };
+
+  var regex = this.regex = function(re) {
+    pray('regexp parser is anchored', re.toString().charAt(1) === '^');
+
+    var expected = 'expected '+re;
+
+    return Parser(function(stream, onSuccess, onFailure) {
+      var match = re.exec(stream);
+
+      if (match) {
+        var result = match[0];
+        return onSuccess(stream.slice(result.length), result);
+      }
+      else {
+        return onFailure(stream, expected);
+      }
+    });
+  };
+
+  var succeed = Parser.succeed = function(result) {
+    return Parser(function(stream, onSuccess) {
+      return onSuccess(stream, result);
+    });
+  };
+
+  var fail = Parser.fail = function(msg) {
+    return Parser(function(stream, _, onFailure) {
+      return onFailure(stream, msg);
+    });
+  };
+
+  var letter = Parser.letter = regex(/^[a-z]/i);
+  var letters = Parser.letters = regex(/^[a-z]*/i);
+  var digit = Parser.digit = regex(/^[0-9]/);
+  var digits = Parser.digits = regex(/^[0-9]*/);
+  var whitespace = Parser.whitespace = regex(/^\s+/);
+  var optWhitespace = Parser.optWhitespace = regex(/^\s*/);
+
+  var any = Parser.any = Parser(function(stream, onSuccess, onFailure) {
+    if (!stream) return onFailure(stream, 'expected any character');
+
+    return onSuccess(stream.slice(1), stream.charAt(0));
+  });
+
+  var all = Parser.all = Parser(function(stream, onSuccess, onFailure) {
+    return onSuccess('', stream);
+  });
+
+  var eof = Parser.eof = Parser(function(stream, onSuccess, onFailure) {
+    if (stream) return onFailure(stream, 'expected EOF');
+
+    return onSuccess(stream, stream);
+  });
+});
+/*************************************************
+ * Base classes of the MathQuill virtual DOM tree
+ *
+ * Only doing tree node manipulation via these
+ * adopt/ disown methods guarantees well-formedness
+ * of the tree.
+ ************************************************/
+
+// L = 'left'
+// R = 'right'
+//
+// the contract is that they can be used as object properties
+// and (-L) === R, and (-R) === L.
+var L = -1;
+var R = 1;
+
+function prayDirection(dir) {
+  pray('a direction was passed', dir === L || dir === R);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Tiny extension of jQuery adding directionalized DOM manipulation methods.
+ *
+ * Funny how Pjs v3 almost just works with `jQuery.fn.init`.
+ *
+ * jQuery features that don't work on $:
+ *   - jQuery.*, like jQuery.ajax, obviously (Pjs doesn't and shouldn't
+ *                                            copy constructor properties)
+ *
+ *   - jQuery(function), the shortcut for `jQuery(document).ready(function)`,
+ *     because `jQuery.fn.init` is idiosyncratic and Pjs doing, essentially,
+ *     `jQuery.fn.init.apply(this, arguments)` isn't quite right, you need:
+ *
+ *       _.init = function(s, c) { jQuery.fn.init.call(this, s, c, $(document)); };
+ *
+ *     if you actually give a shit (really, don't bother),
+ *     see https://github.com/jquery/jquery/blob/1.7.2/src/core.js#L889
+ *
+ *   - jQuery(selector), because jQuery translates that to
+ *     `jQuery(document).find(selector)`, but Pjs doesn't (should it?) let
+ *     you override the result of a constructor call
+ *       + note that because of the jQuery(document) shortcut-ness, there's also
+ *         the 3rd-argument-needs-to-be-`$(document)` thing above, but the fix
+ *         for that (as can be seen above) is really easy. This problem requires
+ *         a way more intrusive fix
+ *
+ * And that's it! Everything else just magically works because jQuery internally
+ * uses `this.constructor()` everywhere (hence calling `$`), but never ever does
+ * `this.constructor.find` or anything like that, always doing `jQuery.find`.
+ */
+var $ = P(jQuery, function(_) {
+  _.insDirOf = function(dir, el) {
+    return dir === L ?
+      this.insertBefore(el.first()) : this.insertAfter(el.last());
+  };
+  _.insAtDirEnd = function(dir, el) {
+    return dir === L ? this.prependTo(el) : this.appendTo(el);
+  };
+});
+
+var Point = P(function(_) {
+  _.parent = 0;
+  _[L] = 0;
+  _[R] = 0;
+
+  _.init = function(parent, leftward, rightward) {
+    this.parent = parent;
+    this[L] = leftward;
+    this[R] = rightward;
+  };
+});
+
+/**
+ * MathQuill virtual-DOM tree-node abstract base class
+ */
+var Node = P(function(_) {
+  _[L] = 0;
+  _[R] = 0
+  _.parent = 0;
+
+  _.init = function() {
+    this.ends = {};
+    this.ends[L] = 0;
+    this.ends[R] = 0;
+  };
+
+  _.children = function() {
+    return Fragment(this.ends[L], this.ends[R]);
+  };
+
+  _.eachChild = function(fn) {
+    return this.children().each(fn);
+  };
+
+  _.foldChildren = function(fold, fn) {
+    return this.children().fold(fold, fn);
+  };
+
+  _.adopt = function(parent, leftward, rightward) {
+    Fragment(this, this).adopt(parent, leftward, rightward);
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  _.disown = function() {
+    Fragment(this, this).disown();
+    return this;
+  };
+});
+
+/**
+ * An entity outside the virtual tree with one-way pointers (so it's only a
+ * "view" of part of the tree, not an actual node/entity in the tree) that
+ * delimits a doubly-linked list of sibling nodes.
+ * It's like a fanfic love-child between HTML DOM DocumentFragment and the Range
+ * classes: like DocumentFragment, its contents must be sibling nodes
+ * (unlike Range, whose contents are arbitrary contiguous pieces of subtrees),
+ * but like Range, it has only one-way pointers to its contents, its contents
+ * have no reference to it and in fact may still be in the visible tree (unlike
+ * DocumentFragment, whose contents must be detached from the visible tree
+ * and have their 'parent' pointers set to the DocumentFragment).
+ */
+var Fragment = P(function(_) {
+  _.init = function(leftEnd, rightEnd) {
+    pray('no half-empty fragments', !leftEnd === !rightEnd);
+
+    this.ends = {};
+
+    if (!leftEnd) return;
+
+    pray('left end node is passed to Fragment', leftEnd instanceof Node);
+    pray('right end node is passed to Fragment', rightEnd instanceof Node);
+    pray('leftEnd and rightEnd have the same parent',
+         leftEnd.parent === rightEnd.parent);
+
+    this.ends[L] = leftEnd;
+    this.ends[R] = rightEnd;
+  };
+
+  function prayWellFormed(parent, leftward, rightward) {
+    pray('a parent is always present', parent);
+    pray('leftward is properly set up', (function() {
+      // either it's empty and `rightward` is the left end child (possibly empty)
+      if (!leftward) return parent.ends[L] === rightward;
+
+      // or it's there and its [R] and .parent are properly set up
+      return leftward[R] === rightward && leftward.parent === parent;
+    })());
+
+    pray('rightward is properly set up', (function() {
+      // either it's empty and `leftward` is the right end child (possibly empty)
+      if (!rightward) return parent.ends[R] === leftward;
+
+      // or it's there and its [L] and .parent are properly set up
+      return rightward[L] === leftward && rightward.parent === parent;
+    })());
+  }
+
+  _.adopt = function(parent, leftward, rightward) {
+    prayWellFormed(parent, leftward, rightward);
+
+    var self = this;
+    self.disowned = false;
+
+    var leftEnd = self.ends[L];
+    if (!leftEnd) return this;
+
+    var rightEnd = self.ends[R];
+
+    if (leftward) {
+      // NB: this is handled in the ::each() block
+      // leftward[R] = leftEnd
+    } else {
+      parent.ends[L] = leftEnd;
+    }
+
+    if (rightward) {
+      rightward[L] = rightEnd;
+    } else {
+      parent.ends[R] = rightEnd;
+    }
+
+    self.ends[R][R] = rightward;
+
+    self.each(function(el) {
+      el[L] = leftward;
+      el.parent = parent;
+      if (leftward) leftward[R] = el;
+
+      leftward = el;
+    });
+
+    return self;
+  };
+
+  _.disown = function() {
+    var self = this;
+    var leftEnd = self.ends[L];
+
+    // guard for empty and already-disowned fragments
+    if (!leftEnd || self.disowned) return self;
+
+    self.disowned = true;
+
+    var rightEnd = self.ends[R]
+    var parent = leftEnd.parent;
+
+    prayWellFormed(parent, leftEnd[L], leftEnd);
+    prayWellFormed(parent, rightEnd, rightEnd[R]);
+
+    if (leftEnd[L]) {
+      leftEnd[L][R] = rightEnd[R];
+    } else {
+      parent.ends[L] = rightEnd[R];
+    }
+
+    if (rightEnd[R]) {
+      rightEnd[R][L] = leftEnd[L];
+    } else {
+      parent.ends[R] = leftEnd[L];
+    }
+
+    return self;
+  };
+
+  _.each = function(fn) {
+    var self = this;
+    var el = self.ends[L];
+    if (!el) return self;
+
+    for (;el !== self.ends[R][R]; el = el[R]) {
+      if (fn.call(self, el) === false) break;
+    }
+
+    return self;
+  };
+
+  _.fold = function(fold, fn) {
+    this.each(function(el) {
+      fold = fn.call(this, fold, el);
+    });
+
+    return fold;
+  };
+});
+/*************************************************
+ * Abstract classes of math blocks and commands.
+ ************************************************/
+
+var uuid = (function() {
+  var id = 0;
+
+  return function() { return id += 1; };
+})();
+
+/**
+ * Math tree node base class.
+ * Some math-tree-specific extensions to Node.
+ * Both MathBlock's and MathCommand's descend from it.
+ */
+var MathElement = P(Node, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(obj) {
+    _super.init.call(this);
+    this.id = uuid();
+    MathElement[this.id] = this;
+  };
+
+  _.toString = function() {
+    return '[MathElement '+this.id+']';
+  };
+
+  _.bubble = function(event /*, args... */) {
+    var args = __slice.call(arguments, 1);
+
+    for (var ancestor = this; ancestor; ancestor = ancestor.parent) {
+      var res = ancestor[event] && ancestor[event].apply(ancestor, args);
+      if (res === false) break;
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  _.postOrder = function(fn /*, args... */) {
+    var args = __slice.call(arguments, 1);
+
+    if (typeof fn === 'string') {
+      var methodName = fn;
+      fn = function(el) {
+        if (methodName in el) el[methodName].apply(el, args);
+      };
+    }
+
+    (function recurse(desc) {
+      desc.eachChild(recurse);
+      fn(desc);
+    })(this);
+  };
+
+  _.jQ = $();
+  _.jQadd = function(jQ) { this.jQ = this.jQ.add(jQ); };
+
+  this.jQize = function(html) {
+    // Sets the .jQ of the entire math subtree rooted at this command.
+    // Expects .createBlocks() to have been called already, since it
+    // calls .html().
+    var jQ = $(html);
+    jQ.find('*').andSelf().each(function() {
+      var jQ = $(this),
+        cmdId = jQ.attr('mathquill-command-id'),
+        blockId = jQ.attr('mathquill-block-id');
+      if (cmdId) MathElement[cmdId].jQadd(jQ);
+      if (blockId) MathElement[blockId].jQadd(jQ);
+    });
+    return jQ;
+  };
+
+  _.finalizeInsert = function() {
+    var self = this;
+    self.postOrder('finalizeTree');
+
+    // note: this order is important.
+    // empty elements need the empty box provided by blur to
+    // be present in order for their dimensions to be measured
+    // correctly in redraw.
+    self.postOrder('blur');
+
+    // adjust context-sensitive spacing
+    self.postOrder('respace');
+    if (self[R].respace) self[R].respace();
+    if (self[L].respace) self[L].respace();
+
+    self.postOrder('redraw');
+    self.bubble('redraw');
+  };
+});
+
+/**
+ * Commands and operators, like subscripts, exponents, or fractions.
+ * Descendant commands are organized into blocks.
+ */
+var MathCommand = P(MathElement, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(ctrlSeq, htmlTemplate, textTemplate) {
+    var cmd = this;
+    _super.init.call(cmd);
+
+    if (!cmd.ctrlSeq) cmd.ctrlSeq = ctrlSeq;
+    if (htmlTemplate) cmd.htmlTemplate = htmlTemplate;
+    if (textTemplate) cmd.textTemplate = textTemplate;
+  };
+
+  // obvious methods
+  _.replaces = function(replacedFragment) {
+    replacedFragment.disown();
+    this.replacedFragment = replacedFragment;
+  };
+  _.isEmpty = function() {
+    return this.foldChildren(true, function(isEmpty, child) {
+      return isEmpty && child.isEmpty();
+    });
+  };
+
+  _.parser = function() {
+    var block = latexMathParser.block;
+    var self = this;
+
+    return block.times(self.numBlocks()).map(function(blocks) {
+      self.blocks = blocks;
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < blocks.length; i += 1) {
+        blocks[i].adopt(self, self.ends[R], 0);
+      }
+
+      return self;
+    });
+  };
+
+  // createLeftOf(cursor) and the methods it calls
+  _.createLeftOf = function(cursor) {
+    var cmd = this;
+    var replacedFragment = cmd.replacedFragment;
+
+    cmd.createBlocks();
+    MathElement.jQize(cmd.html());
+    if (replacedFragment) {
+      replacedFragment.adopt(cmd.ends[L], 0, 0);
+      replacedFragment.jQ.appendTo(cmd.ends[L].jQ);
+    }
+
+    cursor.jQ.before(cmd.jQ);
+    cursor[L] = cmd.adopt(cursor.parent, cursor[L], cursor[R]);
+
+    cmd.finalizeInsert(cursor);
+
+    cmd.placeCursor(cursor);
+  };
+  _.createBlocks = function() {
+    var cmd = this,
+      numBlocks = cmd.numBlocks(),
+      blocks = cmd.blocks = Array(numBlocks);
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < numBlocks; i += 1) {
+      var newBlock = blocks[i] = MathBlock();
+      newBlock.adopt(cmd, cmd.ends[R], 0);
+    }
+  };
+  _.respace = noop; //placeholder for context-sensitive spacing
+  _.placeCursor = function(cursor) {
+    //insert the cursor at the right end of the first empty child, searching
+    //left-to-right, or if none empty, the right end child
+    cursor.insAtRightEnd(this.foldChildren(this.ends[L], function(leftward, child) {
+      return leftward.isEmpty() ? leftward : child;
+    }));
+  };
+
+  // remove()
+  _.remove = function() {
+    this.disown();
+    this.jQ.remove();
+
+    this.postOrder(function(el) { delete MathElement[el.id]; });
+
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // methods involved in creating and cross-linking with HTML DOM nodes
+  /*
+    They all expect an .htmlTemplate like
+      '<span>&0</span>'
+    or
+      '<span><span>&0</span><span>&1</span></span>'
+
+    See html.test.js for more examples.
+
+    Requirements:
+    - For each block of the command, there must be exactly one "block content
+      marker" of the form '&<number>' where <number> is the 0-based index of the
+      block. (Like the LaTeX \newcommand syntax, but with a 0-based rather than
+      1-based index, because JavaScript because C because Dijkstra.)
+    - The block content marker must be the sole contents of the containing
+      element, there can't even be surrounding whitespace, or else we can't
+      guarantee sticking to within the bounds of the block content marker when
+      mucking with the HTML DOM.
+    - The HTML not only must be well-formed HTML (of course), but also must
+      conform to the XHTML requirements on tags, specifically all tags must
+      either be self-closing (like '<br/>') or come in matching pairs.
+      Close tags are never optional.
+
+    Note that &<number> isn't well-formed HTML; if you wanted a literal '&123',
+    your HTML template would have to have '&amp;123'.
+  */
+  _.numBlocks = function() {
+    var matches = this.htmlTemplate.match(/&\d+/g);
+    return matches ? matches.length : 0;
+  };
+  _.html = function() {
+    // Render the entire math subtree rooted at this command, as HTML.
+    // Expects .createBlocks() to have been called already, since it uses the
+    // .blocks array of child blocks.
+    //
+    // See html.test.js for example templates and intended outputs.
+    //
+    // Given an .htmlTemplate as described above,
+    // - insert the mathquill-command-id attribute into all top-level tags,
+    //   which will be used to set this.jQ in .jQize().
+    //   This is straightforward:
+    //     * tokenize into tags and non-tags
+    //     * loop through top-level tokens:
+    //         * add #cmdId attribute macro to top-level self-closing tags
+    //         * else add #cmdId attribute macro to top-level open tags
+    //             * skip the matching top-level close tag and all tag pairs
+    //               in between
+    // - for each block content marker,
+    //     + replace it with the contents of the corresponding block,
+    //       rendered as HTML
+    //     + insert the mathquill-block-id attribute into the containing tag
+    //   This is even easier, a quick regex replace, since block tags cannot
+    //   contain anything besides the block content marker.
+    //
+    // Two notes:
+    // - The outermost loop through top-level tokens should never encounter any
+    //   top-level close tags, because we should have first encountered a
+    //   matching top-level open tag, all inner tags should have appeared in
+    //   matching pairs and been skipped, and then we should have skipped the
+    //   close tag in question.
+    // - All open tags should have matching close tags, which means our inner
+    //   loop should always encounter a close tag and drop nesting to 0. If
+    //   a close tag is missing, the loop will continue until i >= tokens.length
+    //   and token becomes undefined. This will not infinite loop, even in
+    //   production without pray(), because it will then TypeError on .slice().
+
+    var cmd = this;
+    var blocks = cmd.blocks;
+    var cmdId = ' mathquill-command-id=' + cmd.id;
+    var tokens = cmd.htmlTemplate.match(/<[^<>]+>|[^<>]+/g);
+
+    pray('no unmatched angle brackets', tokens.join('') === this.htmlTemplate);
+
+    // add cmdId to all top-level tags
+    for (var i = 0, token = tokens[0]; token; i += 1, token = tokens[i]) {
+      // top-level self-closing tags
+      if (token.slice(-2) === '/>') {
+        tokens[i] = token.slice(0,-2) + cmdId + '/>';
+      }
+      // top-level open tags
+      else if (token.charAt(0) === '<') {
+        pray('not an unmatched top-level close tag', token.charAt(1) !== '/');
+
+        tokens[i] = token.slice(0,-1) + cmdId + '>';
+
+        // skip matching top-level close tag and all tag pairs in between
+        var nesting = 1;
+        do {
+          i += 1, token = tokens[i];
+          pray('no missing close tags', token);
+          // close tags
+          if (token.slice(0,2) === '</') {
+            nesting -= 1;
+          }
+          // non-self-closing open tags
+          else if (token.charAt(0) === '<' && token.slice(-2) !== '/>') {
+            nesting += 1;
+          }
+        } while (nesting > 0);
+      }
+    }
+    return tokens.join('').replace(/>&(\d+)/g, function($0, $1) {
+      return ' mathquill-block-id=' + blocks[$1].id + '>' + blocks[$1].join('html');
+    });
+  };
+
+  // methods to export a string representation of the math tree
+  _.latex = function() {
+    return this.foldChildren(this.ctrlSeq, function(latex, child) {
+      return latex + '{' + (child.latex() || ' ') + '}';
+    });
+  };
+  _.textTemplate = [''];
+  _.text = function() {
+    var cmd = this, i = 0;
+    return cmd.foldChildren(cmd.textTemplate[i], function(text, child) {
+      i += 1;
+      var child_text = child.text();
+      if (text && cmd.textTemplate[i] === '('
+          && child_text[0] === '(' && child_text.slice(-1) === ')')
+        return text + child_text.slice(1, -1) + cmd.textTemplate[i];
+      return text + child.text() + (cmd.textTemplate[i] || '');
+    });
+  };
+});
+
+/**
+ * Lightweight command without blocks or children.
+ */
+var Symbol = P(MathCommand, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(ctrlSeq, html, text) {
+    if (!text) text = ctrlSeq && ctrlSeq.length > 1 ? ctrlSeq.slice(1) : ctrlSeq;
+
+    _super.init.call(this, ctrlSeq, html, [ text ]);
+  };
+
+  _.parser = function() { return Parser.succeed(this); };
+  _.numBlocks = function() { return 0; };
+
+  _.replaces = function(replacedFragment) {
+    replacedFragment.remove();
+  };
+  _.createBlocks = noop;
+  _.latex = function(){ return this.ctrlSeq; };
+  _.text = function(){ return this.textTemplate; };
+  _.placeCursor = noop;
+  _.isEmpty = function(){ return true; };
+});
+
+/**
+ * Children and parent of MathCommand's. Basically partitions all the
+ * symbols and operators that descend (in the Math DOM tree) from
+ * ancestor operators.
+ */
+var MathBlock = P(MathElement, function(_) {
+  _.join = function(methodName) {
+    return this.foldChildren('', function(fold, child) {
+      return fold + child[methodName]();
+    });
+  };
+  _.latex = function() { return this.join('latex'); };
+  _.text = function() {
+    return this.ends[L] === this.ends[R] ?
+      this.ends[L].text() :
+      '(' + this.join('text') + ')'
+    ;
+  };
+  _.isEmpty = function() {
+    return this.ends[L] === 0 && this.ends[R] === 0;
+  };
+  _.write = function(cursor, ch, replacedFragment) {
+    var cmd;
+    if (ch.match(/^[a-eg-zA-Z]$/)) //exclude f because want florin
+      cmd = Variable(ch);
+    else if (cmd = CharCmds[ch] || LatexCmds[ch])
+      cmd = cmd(ch);
+    else
+      cmd = VanillaSymbol(ch);
+
+    if (replacedFragment) cmd.replaces(replacedFragment);
+
+    cmd.createLeftOf(cursor);
+  };
+  _.focus = function() {
+    this.jQ.addClass('hasCursor');
+    this.jQ.removeClass('empty');
+
+    return this;
+  };
+  _.blur = function() {
+    this.jQ.removeClass('hasCursor');
+    if (this.isEmpty())
+      this.jQ.addClass('empty');
+
+    return this;
+  };
+});
+
+/**
+ * Math tree fragment base class.
+ * Some math-tree-specific extensions to Fragment.
+ */
+var MathFragment = P(Fragment, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(leftEnd, rightEnd) {
+    // just select one thing if only one argument
+    _super.init.call(this, leftEnd, rightEnd || leftEnd);
+    this.jQ = this.fold($(), function(jQ, child){ return child.jQ.add(jQ); });
+  };
+  _.latex = function() {
+    return this.fold('', function(latex, el){ return latex + el.latex(); });
+  };
+  _.remove = function() {
+    this.jQ.remove();
+
+    this.each(function(el) {
+      el.postOrder(function(desc) {
+        delete MathElement[desc.id];
+      });
+    });
+
+    return this.disown();
+  };
+});
+/*********************************************
+ * Root math elements with event delegation.
+ ********************************************/
+
+function createRoot(jQ, root, textbox, editable) {
+  var contents = jQ.contents().detach();
+
+  if (!textbox) {
+    jQ.addClass('mathquill-rendered-math');
+  }
+
+  root.jQ = jQ.attr(mqBlockId, root.id);
+  root.revert = function() {
+    jQ.empty().unbind('.mathquill')
+      .removeClass('mathquill-rendered-math mathquill-editable mathquill-textbox')
+      .append(contents);
+  };
+
+  var cursor = root.cursor = Cursor(root);
+
+  root.renderLatex(contents.text());
+
+  //textarea stuff
+  var textareaSpan = root.textarea = $('<span class="textarea"><textarea></textarea></span>'),
+    textarea = textareaSpan.children();
+
+  /******
+   * TODO [Han]: Document this
+   */
+  var textareaSelectionTimeout;
+  root.selectionChanged = function() {
+    if (textareaSelectionTimeout === undefined) {
+      textareaSelectionTimeout = setTimeout(setTextareaSelection);
+    }
+    forceIERedraw(jQ[0]);
+  };
+  function setTextareaSelection() {
+    textareaSelectionTimeout = undefined;
+    var latex = cursor.selection ? '$'+cursor.selection.latex()+'$' : '';
+    textareaManager.select(latex);
+  }
+
+  //prevent native selection except textarea
+  jQ.bind('selectstart.mathquill', function(e) {
+    if (e.target !== textarea[0]) e.preventDefault();
+    e.stopPropagation();
+  });
+
+  //drag-to-select event handling
+  var anticursor, blink = cursor.blink;
+  jQ.bind('mousedown.mathquill', function(e) {
+    function mousemove(e) {
+      cursor.seek($(e.target), e.pageX, e.pageY);
+
+      if (cursor[L] !== anticursor[L]
+          || cursor.parent !== anticursor.parent) {
+        cursor.selectFrom(anticursor);
+      }
+
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // docmousemove is attached to the document, so that
+    // selection still works when the mouse leaves the window.
+    function docmousemove(e) {
+      // [Han]: i delete the target because of the way seek works.
+      // it will not move the mouse to the target, but will instead
+      // just seek those X and Y coordinates.  If there is a target,
+      // it will try to move the cursor to document, which will not work.
+      // cursor.seek needs to be refactored.
+      delete e.target;
+
+      return mousemove(e);
+    }
+
+    function mouseup(e) {
+      anticursor = undefined;
+      cursor.blink = blink;
+      if (!cursor.selection) {
+        if (editable) {
+          cursor.show();
+        }
+        else {
+          textareaSpan.detach();
+        }
+      }
+
+      // delete the mouse handlers now that we're not dragging anymore
+      jQ.unbind('mousemove', mousemove);
+      $(e.target.ownerDocument).unbind('mousemove', docmousemove).unbind('mouseup', mouseup);
+    }
+
+    setTimeout(function() { textarea.focus(); textarea.focused = true; });
+      // preventDefault won't prevent focus on mousedown in IE<9
+      // that means immediately after this mousedown, whatever was
+      // mousedown-ed will receive focus
+      // http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/10345
+
+    cursor.blink = noop;
+    cursor.seek($(e.target), e.pageX, e.pageY);
+
+    anticursor = Point(cursor.parent, cursor[L], cursor[R]);
+
+    if (!editable && !textarea.focused) jQ.prepend(textareaSpan);
+
+    jQ.mousemove(mousemove);
+    $(e.target.ownerDocument).mousemove(docmousemove).mouseup(mouseup);
+
+    return false;
+  });
+
+  if (!editable) {
+    var textareaManager = manageTextarea(textarea, { container: jQ });
+    jQ.bind('cut paste', false).bind('copy', setTextareaSelection)
+      .prepend('<span class="selectable">$'+root.latex()+'$</span>');
+    textarea.blur(function() {
+      cursor.clearSelection();
+      setTimeout(detach); //detaching during blur explodes in WebKit
+    });
+    function detach() {
+      textareaSpan.detach();
+      textarea.focused = false;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  var textareaManager = manageTextarea(textarea, {
+    container: jQ,
+    key: function(key, evt) {
+      cursor.parent.bubble('onKey', key, evt);
+    },
+    text: function(text) {
+      cursor.parent.bubble('onText', text);
+    },
+    cut: function(e) {
+      if (cursor.selection) {
+        setTimeout(function() {
+          cursor.prepareEdit();
+          cursor.parent.bubble('redraw');
+        });
+      }
+
+      e.stopPropagation();
+    },
+    paste: function(text) {
+      // FIXME HACK the parser in RootTextBlock needs to be moved to
+      // Cursor::writeLatex or something so this'll work with
+      // MathQuill textboxes
+      if (text.slice(0,1) === '$' && text.slice(-1) === '$') {
+        text = text.slice(1, -1);
+      }
+      else {
+        text = '\\text{' + text + '}';
+      }
+
+      cursor.writeLatex(text).show();
+    }
+  });
+
+  jQ.prepend(textareaSpan);
+
+  //root CSS classes
+  jQ.addClass('mathquill-editable');
+  if (textbox)
+    jQ.addClass('mathquill-textbox');
+
+  //focus and blur handling
+  textarea.focus(function(e) {
+    if (!cursor.parent)
+      cursor.insAtRightEnd(root);
+    cursor.parent.jQ.addClass('hasCursor');
+    if (cursor.selection) {
+      cursor.selection.jQ.removeClass('blur');
+      setTimeout(root.selectionChanged); //re-select textarea contents after tabbing away and back
+    }
+    else
+      cursor.show();
+    e.stopPropagation();
+  }).blur(function(e) {
+    cursor.hide().parent.blur();
+    if (cursor.selection)
+      cursor.selection.jQ.addClass('blur');
+    e.stopPropagation();
+  });
+
+  jQ.bind('focus.mathquill blur.mathquill', function(e) {
+    textarea.trigger(e);
+  }).blur();
+}
+
+var RootMathBlock = P(MathBlock, function(_, _super) {
+  _.latex = function() {
+    return _super.latex.call(this).replace(/(\\[a-z]+) (?![a-z])/ig,'$1');
+  };
+  _.text = function() {
+    return this.foldChildren('', function(text, child) {
+      return text + child.text();
+    });
+  };
+  _.renderLatex = function(latex) {
+    var jQ = this.jQ;
+
+    jQ.children().slice(1).remove();
+    this.ends[L] = this.ends[R] = 0;
+
+    delete this.cursor.selection;
+    this.cursor.insAtRightEnd(this).writeLatex(latex);
+  };
+  _.onKey = function(key, e) {
+    switch (key) {
+    case 'Ctrl-Shift-Backspace':
+    case 'Ctrl-Backspace':
+      while (this.cursor[L] || this.cursor.selection) {
+        this.cursor.backspace();
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 'Shift-Backspace':
+    case 'Backspace':
+      this.cursor.backspace();
+      break;
+
+    // Tab or Esc -> go one block right if it exists, else escape right.
+    case 'Esc':
+    case 'Tab':
+    case 'Spacebar':
+      var parent = this.cursor.parent;
+      // cursor is in root editable, continue default
+      if (parent === this.cursor.root) {
+        if (key === 'Spacebar') e.preventDefault();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      this.cursor.prepareMove();
+      if (parent[R]) {
+        // go one block right
+        this.cursor.insAtLeftEnd(parent[R]);
+      } else {
+        // get out of the block
+        this.cursor.insRightOf(parent.parent);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    // Shift-Tab -> go one block left if it exists, else escape left.
+    case 'Shift-Tab':
+    case 'Shift-Esc':
+    case 'Shift-Spacebar':
+      var parent = this.cursor.parent;
+      //cursor is in root editable, continue default
+      if (parent === this.cursor.root) {
+        if (key === 'Shift-Spacebar') e.preventDefault();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      this.cursor.prepareMove();
+      if (parent[L]) {
+        // go one block left
+        this.cursor.insAtRightEnd(parent[L]);
+      } else {
+        //get out of the block
+        this.cursor.insLeftOf(parent.parent);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    // Prevent newlines from showing up
+    case 'Enter': break;
+
+
+    // End -> move to the end of the current block.
+    case 'End':
+      this.cursor.prepareMove().insAtRightEnd(this.cursor.parent);
+      break;
+
+    // Ctrl-End -> move all the way to the end of the root block.
+    case 'Ctrl-End':
+      this.cursor.prepareMove().insAtRightEnd(this);
+      break;
+
+    // Shift-End -> select to the end of the current block.
+    case 'Shift-End':
+      while (this.cursor[R]) {
+        this.cursor.selectRight();
+      }
+      break;
+
+    // Ctrl-Shift-End -> select to the end of the root block.
+    case 'Ctrl-Shift-End':
+      while (this.cursor[R] || this.cursor.parent !== this) {
+        this.cursor.selectRight();
+      }
+      break;
+
+    // Home -> move to the start of the root block or the current block.
+    case 'Home':
+      this.cursor.prepareMove().insAtLeftEnd(this.cursor.parent);
+      break;
+
+    // Ctrl-Home -> move to the start of the current block.
+    case 'Ctrl-Home':
+      this.cursor.prepareMove().insAtLeftEnd(this);
+      break;
+
+    // Shift-Home -> select to the start of the current block.
+    case 'Shift-Home':
+      while (this.cursor[L]) {
+        this.cursor.selectLeft();
+      }
+      break;
+
+    // Ctrl-Shift-Home -> move to the start of the root block.
+    case 'Ctrl-Shift-Home':
+      while (this.cursor[L] || this.cursor.parent !== this) {
+        this.cursor.selectLeft();
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 'Left': this.cursor.moveLeft(); break;
+    case 'Shift-Left': this.cursor.selectLeft(); break;
+    case 'Ctrl-Left': break;
+
+    case 'Right': this.cursor.moveRight(); break;
+    case 'Shift-Right': this.cursor.selectRight(); break;
+    case 'Ctrl-Right': break;
+
+    case 'Up': this.cursor.moveUp(); break;
+    case 'Down': this.cursor.moveDown(); break;
+
+    case 'Shift-Up':
+      if (this.cursor[L]) {
+        while (this.cursor[L]) this.cursor.selectLeft();
+      } else {
+        this.cursor.selectLeft();
+      }
+
+    case 'Shift-Down':
+      if (this.cursor[R]) {
+        while (this.cursor[R]) this.cursor.selectRight();
+      }
+      else {
+        this.cursor.selectRight();
+      }
+
+    case 'Ctrl-Up': break;
+    case 'Ctrl-Down': break;
+
+    case 'Ctrl-Shift-Del':
+    case 'Ctrl-Del':
+      while (this.cursor[R] || this.cursor.selection) {
+        this.cursor.deleteForward();
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 'Shift-Del':
+    case 'Del':
+      this.cursor.deleteForward();
+      break;
+
+    case 'Meta-A':
+    case 'Ctrl-A':
+      //so not stopPropagation'd at RootMathCommand
+      if (this !== this.cursor.root) return;
+
+      this.cursor.prepareMove().insAtRightEnd(this);
+      while (this.cursor[L]) this.cursor.selectLeft();
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      return false;
+    }
+    e.preventDefault();
+    return false;
+  };
+  _.onText = function(ch) {
+    this.cursor.write(ch);
+    return false;
+  };
+});
+
+var RootMathCommand = P(MathCommand, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(cursor) {
+    _super.init.call(this, '$');
+    this.cursor = cursor;
+  };
+  _.htmlTemplate = '<span class="mathquill-rendered-math">&0</span>';
+  _.createBlocks = function() {
+    this.ends[L] =
+    this.ends[R] =
+      RootMathBlock();
+
+    this.blocks = [ this.ends[L] ];
+
+    this.ends[L].parent = this;
+
+    this.ends[L].cursor = this.cursor;
+    this.ends[L].write = function(cursor, ch, replacedFragment) {
+      if (ch !== '$')
+        MathBlock.prototype.write.call(this, cursor, ch, replacedFragment);
+      else if (this.isEmpty()) {
+        cursor.insRightOf(this.parent).backspace().show();
+        VanillaSymbol('\\$','$').createLeftOf(cursor);
+      }
+      else if (!cursor[R])
+        cursor.insRightOf(this.parent);
+      else if (!cursor[L])
+        cursor.insLeftOf(this.parent);
+      else
+        MathBlock.prototype.write.call(this, cursor, ch, replacedFragment);
+    };
+  };
+  _.latex = function() {
+    return '$' + this.ends[L].latex() + '$';
+  };
+});
+
+var RootTextBlock = P(MathBlock, function(_) {
+  _.renderLatex = function(latex) {
+    var self = this;
+    var cursor = self.cursor;
+    self.jQ.children().slice(1).remove();
+    self.ends[L] = self.ends[R] = 0;
+    delete cursor.selection;
+    cursor.show().insAtRightEnd(self);
+
+    var regex = Parser.regex;
+    var string = Parser.string;
+    var eof = Parser.eof;
+    var all = Parser.all;
+
+    // Parser RootMathCommand
+    var mathMode = string('$').then(latexMathParser)
+      // because TeX is insane, math mode doesn't necessarily
+      // have to end.  So we allow for the case that math mode
+      // continues to the end of the stream.
+      .skip(string('$').or(eof))
+      .map(function(block) {
+        // HACK FIXME: this shouldn't have to have access to cursor
+        var rootMathCommand = RootMathCommand(cursor);
+
+        rootMathCommand.createBlocks();
+        var rootMathBlock = rootMathCommand.ends[L];
+        block.children().adopt(rootMathBlock, 0, 0);
+
+        return rootMathCommand;
+      })
+    ;
+
+    var escapedDollar = string('\\$').result('$');
+    var textChar = escapedDollar.or(regex(/^[^$]/)).map(VanillaSymbol);
+    var latexText = mathMode.or(textChar).many();
+    var commands = latexText.skip(eof).or(all.result(false)).parse(latex);
+
+    if (commands) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < commands.length; i += 1) {
+        commands[i].adopt(self, self.ends[R], 0);
+      }
+
+      var html = self.join('html');
+      MathElement.jQize(html).appendTo(self.jQ);
+
+      this.finalizeInsert();
+    }
+  };
+  _.onKey = function(key) {
+    if (key === 'Spacebar' || key === 'Shift-Spacebar') return;
+    RootMathBlock.prototype.onKey.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+  _.onText = RootMathBlock.prototype.onText;
+  _.write = function(cursor, ch, replacedFragment) {
+    if (replacedFragment) replacedFragment.remove();
+    if (ch === '$')
+      RootMathCommand(cursor).createLeftOf(cursor);
+    else {
+      var html;
+      if (ch === '<') html = '&lt;';
+      else if (ch === '>') html = '&gt;';
+      VanillaSymbol(ch, html).createLeftOf(cursor);
+    }
+  };
+});
+/***************************
+ * Commands and Operators.
+ **************************/
+
+var CharCmds = {}, LatexCmds = {}; //single character commands, LaTeX commands
+
+var scale, // = function(jQ, x, y) { ... }
+//will use a CSS 2D transform to scale the jQuery-wrapped HTML elements,
+//or the filter matrix transform fallback for IE 5.5-8, or gracefully degrade to
+//increasing the fontSize to match the vertical Y scaling factor.
+
+//ideas from http://github.com/louisremi/jquery.transform.js
+//see also http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533014(v=vs.85).aspx
+
+  forceIERedraw = noop,
+  div = document.createElement('div'),
+  div_style = div.style,
+  transformPropNames = {
+    transform:1,
+    WebkitTransform:1,
+    MozTransform:1,
+    OTransform:1,
+    msTransform:1
+  },
+  transformPropName;
+
+for (var prop in transformPropNames) {
+  if (prop in div_style) {
+    transformPropName = prop;
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+if (transformPropName) {
+  scale = function(jQ, x, y) {
+    jQ.css(transformPropName, 'scale('+x+','+y+')');
+  };
+}
+else if ('filter' in div_style) { //IE 6, 7, & 8 fallback, see https://github.com/laughinghan/mathquill/wiki/Transforms
+  forceIERedraw = function(el){ el.className = el.className; };
+  scale = function(jQ, x, y) { //NOTE: assumes y > x
+    x /= (1+(y-1)/2);
+    jQ.css('fontSize', y + 'em');
+    if (!jQ.hasClass('matrixed-container')) {
+      jQ.addClass('matrixed-container')
+      .wrapInner('<span class="matrixed"></span>');
+    }
+    var innerjQ = jQ.children()
+    .css('filter', 'progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft'
+        + '.Matrix(M11=' + x + ",SizingMethod='auto expand')"
+    );
+    function calculateMarginRight() {
+      jQ.css('marginRight', (innerjQ.width()-1)*(x-1)/x + 'px');
+    }
+    calculateMarginRight();
+    var intervalId = setInterval(calculateMarginRight);
+    $(window).load(function() {
+      clearTimeout(intervalId);
+      calculateMarginRight();
+    });
+  };
+}
+else {
+  scale = function(jQ, x, y) {
+    jQ.css('fontSize', y + 'em');
+  };
+}
+
+var Style = P(MathCommand, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(ctrlSeq, tagName, attrs) {
+    _super.init.call(this, ctrlSeq, '<'+tagName+' '+attrs+'>&0</'+tagName+'>');
+  };
+});
+
+//fonts
+LatexCmds.mathrm = bind(Style, '\\mathrm', 'span', 'class="roman font"');
+LatexCmds.mathit = bind(Style, '\\mathit', 'i', 'class="font"');
+LatexCmds.mathbf = bind(Style, '\\mathbf', 'b', 'class="font"');
+LatexCmds.mathsf = bind(Style, '\\mathsf', 'span', 'class="sans-serif font"');
+LatexCmds.mathtt = bind(Style, '\\mathtt', 'span', 'class="monospace font"');
+//text-decoration
+LatexCmds.underline = bind(Style, '\\underline', 'span', 'class="non-leaf underline"');
+LatexCmds.overline = LatexCmds.bar = bind(Style, '\\overline', 'span', 'class="non-leaf overline"');
+
+var SupSub = P(MathCommand, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(ctrlSeq, tag, text) {
+    _super.init.call(this, ctrlSeq, '<'+tag+' class="non-leaf">&0</'+tag+'>', [ text ]);
+  };
+  _.finalizeTree = function() {
+    //TODO: use inheritance
+    pray('SupSub is only _ and ^',
+      this.ctrlSeq === '^' || this.ctrlSeq === '_'
+    );
+
+    if (this.ctrlSeq === '_') {
+      this.down = this.ends[L];
+      this.ends[L].up = insLeftOfMeUnlessAtEnd;
+    }
+    else {
+      this.up = this.ends[L];
+      this.ends[L].down = insLeftOfMeUnlessAtEnd;
+    }
+    function insLeftOfMeUnlessAtEnd(cursor) {
+      // cursor.insLeftOf(cmd), unless cursor at the end of block, and every
+      // ancestor cmd is at the end of every ancestor block
+      var cmd = this.parent, ancestorCmd = cursor;
+      do {
+        if (ancestorCmd[R]) {
+          cursor.insLeftOf(cmd);
+          return false;
+        }
+        ancestorCmd = ancestorCmd.parent.parent;
+      } while (ancestorCmd !== cmd);
+      cursor.insRightOf(cmd);
+      return false;
+    }
+  };
+  _.latex = function() {
+    var latex = this.ends[L].latex();
+    if (latex.length === 1)
+      return this.ctrlSeq + latex;
+    else
+      return this.ctrlSeq + '{' + (latex || ' ') + '}';
+  };
+  _.redraw = function() {
+    if (this[L])
+      this[L].respace();
+    //SupSub::respace recursively calls respace on all the following SupSubs
+    //so if leftward is a SupSub, no need to call respace on this or following nodes
+    if (!(this[L] instanceof SupSub)) {
+      this.respace();
+      //and if rightward is a SupSub, then this.respace() will have already called
+      //this[R].respace()
+      if (this[R] && !(this[R] instanceof SupSub))
+        this[R].respace();
+    }
+  };
+  _.respace = function() {
+    if (
+      this[L].ctrlSeq === '\\int ' || (
+        this[L] instanceof SupSub && this[L].ctrlSeq != this.ctrlSeq
+        && this[L][L] && this[L][L].ctrlSeq === '\\int '
+      )
+    ) {
+      if (!this.limit) {
+        this.limit = true;
+        this.jQ.addClass('limit');
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      if (this.limit) {
+        this.limit = false;
+        this.jQ.removeClass('limit');
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.respaced = this[L] instanceof SupSub && this[L].ctrlSeq != this.ctrlSeq && !this[L].respaced;
+    if (this.respaced) {
+      var fontSize = +this.jQ.css('fontSize').slice(0,-2),
+        leftWidth = this[L].jQ.outerWidth(),
+        thisWidth = this.jQ.outerWidth();
+      this.jQ.css({
+        left: (this.limit && this.ctrlSeq === '_' ? -.25 : 0) - leftWidth/fontSize + 'em',
+        marginRight: .1 - min(thisWidth, leftWidth)/fontSize + 'em'
+          //1px extra so it doesn't wrap in retarded browsers (Firefox 2, I think)
+      });
+    }
+    else if (this.limit && this.ctrlSeq === '_') {
+      this.jQ.css({
+        left: '-.25em',
+        marginRight: ''
+      });
+    }
+    else {
+      this.jQ.css({
+        left: '',
+        marginRight: ''
+      });
+    }
+
+    if (this[R] instanceof SupSub)
+      this[R].respace();
+
+    return this;
+  };
+});
+
+LatexCmds.subscript =
+LatexCmds._ = bind(SupSub, '_', 'sub', '_');
+
+LatexCmds.superscript =
+LatexCmds.supscript =
+LatexCmds['^'] = bind(SupSub, '^', 'sup', '**');
+
+var Fraction =
+LatexCmds.frac =
+LatexCmds.dfrac =
+LatexCmds.cfrac =
+LatexCmds.fraction = P(MathCommand, function(_, _super) {
+  _.ctrlSeq = '\\frac';
+  _.htmlTemplate =
+      '<span class="fraction non-leaf">'
+    +   '<span class="numerator">&0</span>'
+    +   '<span class="denominator">&1</span>'
+    +   '<span style="display:inline-block;width:0">&nbsp;</span>'
+    + '</span>'
+  ;
+  _.textTemplate = ['(', '/', ')'];
+  _.finalizeTree = function() {
+    this.up = this.ends[R].up = this.ends[L];
+    this.down = this.ends[L].down = this.ends[R];
+  };
+});
+
+var LiveFraction =
+LatexCmds.over =
+CharCmds['/'] = P(Fraction, function(_, _super) {
+  _.createLeftOf = function(cursor) {
+    if (!this.replacedFragment) {
+      var leftward = cursor[L];
+      while (leftward &&
+        !(
+          leftward instanceof BinaryOperator ||
+          leftward instanceof TextBlock ||
+          leftward instanceof BigSymbol ||
+          /^[,;:]$/.test(leftward.ctrlSeq)
+        ) //lookbehind for operator
+      )
+        leftward = leftward[L];
+
+      if (leftward instanceof BigSymbol && leftward[R] instanceof SupSub) {
+        leftward = leftward[R];
+        if (leftward[R] instanceof SupSub && leftward[R].ctrlSeq != leftward.ctrlSeq)
+          leftward = leftward[R];
+      }
+
+      if (leftward !== cursor[L]) {
+        this.replaces(MathFragment(leftward[R] || cursor.parent.ends[L], cursor[L]));
+        cursor[L] = leftward;
+      }
+    }
+    _super.createLeftOf.call(this, cursor);
+  };
+});
+
+var SquareRoot =
+LatexCmds.sqrt =
+LatexCmds['√'] = P(MathCommand, function(_, _super) {
+  _.ctrlSeq = '\\sqrt';
+  _.htmlTemplate =
+      '<span class="non-leaf">'
+    +   '<span class="scaled sqrt-prefix">&radic;</span>'
+    +   '<span class="non-leaf sqrt-stem">&0</span>'
+    + '</span>'
+  ;
+  _.textTemplate = ['sqrt(', ')'];
+  _.parser = function() {
+    return latexMathParser.optBlock.then(function(optBlock) {
+      return latexMathParser.block.map(function(block) {
+        var nthroot = NthRoot();
+        nthroot.blocks = [ optBlock, block ];
+        optBlock.adopt(nthroot, 0, 0);
+        block.adopt(nthroot, optBlock, 0);
+        return nthroot;
+      });
+    }).or(_super.parser.call(this));
+  };
+  _.redraw = function() {
+    var block = this.ends[R].jQ;
+    scale(block.prev(), 1, block.innerHeight()/+block.css('fontSize').slice(0,-2) - .1);
+  };
+});
+
+var Vec = LatexCmds.vec = P(MathCommand, function(_, _super) {
+  _.ctrlSeq = '\\vec';
+  _.htmlTemplate =
+      '<span class="non-leaf">'
+    +   '<span class="vector-prefix">&rarr;</span>'
+    +   '<span class="vector-stem">&0</span>'
+    + '</span>'
+  ;
+  _.textTemplate = ['vec(', ')'];
+});
+
+var NthRoot =
+LatexCmds.nthroot = P(SquareRoot, function(_, _super) {
+  _.htmlTemplate =
+      '<sup class="nthroot non-leaf">&0</sup>'
+    + '<span class="scaled">'
+    +   '<span class="sqrt-prefix scaled">&radic;</span>'
+    +   '<span class="sqrt-stem non-leaf">&1</span>'
+    + '</span>'
+  ;
+  _.textTemplate = ['sqrt[', '](', ')'];
+  _.latex = function() {
+    return '\\sqrt['+this.ends[L].latex()+']{'+this.ends[R].latex()+'}';
+  };
+});
+
+// Round/Square/Curly/Angle Brackets (aka Parens/Brackets/Braces)
+var Bracket = P(MathCommand, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(open, close, ctrlSeq, end) {
+    _super.init.call(this, '\\left'+ctrlSeq,
+        '<span class="non-leaf">'
+      +   '<span class="scaled paren">'+open+'</span>'
+      +   '<span class="non-leaf">&0</span>'
+      +   '<span class="scaled paren">'+close+'</span>'
+      + '</span>',
+      [open, close]);
+    this.end = '\\right'+end;
+  };
+  _.jQadd = function() {
+    _super.jQadd.apply(this, arguments);
+    var jQ = this.jQ;
+    this.bracketjQs = jQ.children(':first').add(jQ.children(':last'));
+  };
+  _.latex = function() {
+    return this.ctrlSeq + this.ends[L].latex() + this.end;
+  };
+  _.redraw = function() {
+    var blockjQ = this.ends[L].jQ;
+
+    var height = blockjQ.outerHeight()/+blockjQ.css('fontSize').slice(0,-2);
+
+    scale(this.bracketjQs, min(1 + .2*(height - 1), 1.2), 1.05*height);
+  };
+});
+
+LatexCmds.left = P(MathCommand, function(_) {
+  _.parser = function() {
+    var regex = Parser.regex;
+    var string = Parser.string;
+    var succeed = Parser.succeed;
+    var optWhitespace = Parser.optWhitespace;
+
+    return optWhitespace.then(regex(/^(?:[([|]|\\\{)/))
+      .then(function(open) {
+        if (open.charAt(0) === '\\') open = open.slice(1);
+
+        var cmd = CharCmds[open]();
+
+        return latexMathParser
+          .map(function (block) {
+            cmd.blocks = [ block ];
+            block.adopt(cmd, 0, 0);
+          })
+          .then(string('\\right'))
+          .skip(optWhitespace)
+          .then(regex(/^(?:[\])|]|\\\})/))
+          .then(function(close) {
+            if (close.slice(-1) !== cmd.end.slice(-1)) {
+              return Parser.fail('open doesn\'t match close');
+            }
+
+            return succeed(cmd);
+          })
+        ;
+      })
+    ;
+  };
+});
+
+LatexCmds.right = P(MathCommand, function(_) {
+  _.parser = function() {
+    return Parser.fail('unmatched \\right');
+  };
+});
+
+LatexCmds.lbrace =
+CharCmds['{'] = bind(Bracket, '{', '}', '\\{', '\\}');
+LatexCmds.langle =
+LatexCmds.lang = bind(Bracket, '&lang;','&rang;','\\langle ','\\rangle ');
+
+// Closing bracket matching opening bracket above
+var CloseBracket = P(Bracket, function(_, _super) {
+  _.createLeftOf = function(cursor) {
+    // if I'm at the end of my parent who is a matching open-paren,
+    // and I am not replacing a selection fragment, don't create me,
+    // just put cursor after my parent
+    if (!cursor[R] && cursor.parent.parent && cursor.parent.parent.end === this.end && !this.replacedFragment)
+      cursor.insRightOf(cursor.parent.parent);
+    else
+      _super.createLeftOf.call(this, cursor);
+  };
+  _.placeCursor = function(cursor) {
+    this.ends[L].blur();
+    cursor.insRightOf(this);
+  };
+});
+
+LatexCmds.rbrace =
+CharCmds['}'] = bind(CloseBracket, '{','}','\\{','\\}');
+LatexCmds.rangle =
+LatexCmds.rang = bind(CloseBracket, '&lang;','&rang;','\\langle ','\\rangle ');
+
+var parenMixin = function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(open, close) {
+    _super.init.call(this, open, close, open, close);
+  };
+};
+
+var Paren = P(Bracket, parenMixin);
+
+LatexCmds.lparen =
+CharCmds['('] = bind(Paren, '(', ')');
+LatexCmds.lbrack =
+LatexCmds.lbracket =
+CharCmds['['] = bind(Paren, '[', ']');
+
+var CloseParen = P(CloseBracket, parenMixin);
+
+LatexCmds.rparen =
+CharCmds[')'] = bind(CloseParen, '(', ')');
+LatexCmds.rbrack =
+LatexCmds.rbracket =
+CharCmds[']'] = bind(CloseParen, '[', ']');
+
+var Pipes =
+LatexCmds.lpipe =
+LatexCmds.rpipe =
+CharCmds['|'] = P(Paren, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function() {
+    _super.init.call(this, '|', '|');
+  };
+
+  _.createLeftOf = CloseBracket.prototype.createLeftOf;
+});
+
+var TextBlock =
+CharCmds.$ =
+LatexCmds.text =
+LatexCmds.textnormal =
+LatexCmds.textrm =
+LatexCmds.textup =
+LatexCmds.textmd = P(MathCommand, function(_, _super) {
+  _.ctrlSeq = '\\text';
+  _.htmlTemplate = '<span class="text">&0</span>';
+  _.replaces = function(replacedText) {
+    if (replacedText instanceof MathFragment)
+      this.replacedText = replacedText.remove().jQ.text();
+    else if (typeof replacedText === 'string')
+      this.replacedText = replacedText;
+  };
+  _.textTemplate = ['"', '"'];
+  _.parser = function() {
+    var self = this;
+
+    // TODO: correctly parse text mode
+    var string = Parser.string;
+    var regex = Parser.regex;
+    var optWhitespace = Parser.optWhitespace;
+    return optWhitespace
+      .then(string('{')).then(regex(/^[^}]*/)).skip(string('}'))
+      .map(function(text) {
+        self.createBlocks();
+        var block = self.ends[L];
+        for (var i = 0; i < text.length; i += 1) {
+          var ch = VanillaSymbol(text.charAt(i));
+          ch.adopt(block, block.ends[R], 0);
+        }
+        return self;
+      })
+    ;
+  };
+  _.createBlocks = function() {
+    //FIXME: another possible Law of Demeter violation, but this seems much cleaner, like it was supposed to be done this way
+    this.ends[L] =
+    this.ends[R] =
+      InnerTextBlock();
+
+    this.blocks = [ this.ends[L] ];
+
+    this.ends[L].parent = this;
+  };
+  _.finalizeInsert = function() {
+    //FIXME HACK blur removes the TextBlock
+    this.ends[L].blur = function() { delete this.blur; return this; };
+    _super.finalizeInsert.call(this);
+  };
+  _.createLeftOf = function(cursor) {
+    _super.createLeftOf.call(this, this.cursor = cursor);
+
+    if (this.replacedText)
+      for (var i = 0; i < this.replacedText.length; i += 1)
+        this.ends[L].write(cursor, this.replacedText.charAt(i));
+  };
+});
+
+var InnerTextBlock = P(MathBlock, function(_, _super) {
+  _.onKey = function(key, e) {
+    if (key === 'Spacebar' || key === 'Shift-Spacebar') return false;
+  };
+  // backspace and delete at ends of block don't unwrap
+  _.deleteOutOf = function(dir, cursor) {
+    if (this.isEmpty()) cursor.insRightOf(this.parent);
+  };
+  _.write = function(cursor, ch, replacedFragment) {
+    if (replacedFragment) replacedFragment.remove();
+
+    if (ch !== '$') {
+      var html;
+      if (ch === '<') html = '&lt;';
+      else if (ch === '>') html = '&gt;';
+      VanillaSymbol(ch, html).createLeftOf(cursor);
+    }
+    else if (this.isEmpty()) {
+      cursor.insRightOf(this.parent).backspace();
+      VanillaSymbol('\\$','$').createLeftOf(cursor);
+    }
+    else if (!cursor[R])
+      cursor.insRightOf(this.parent);
+    else if (!cursor[L])
+      cursor.insLeftOf(this.parent);
+    else { //split apart
+      var rightward = TextBlock();
+      rightward.replaces(MathFragment(cursor[R], this.ends[R]));
+
+      cursor.insRightOf(this.parent);
+
+      // FIXME HACK: pretend no prev so they don't get merged when
+      // .createLeftOf() calls blur on the InnerTextBlock
+      rightward.adopt = function() {
+        delete this.adopt;
+        this.adopt.apply(this, arguments);
+        this[L] = 0;
+      };
+      rightward.createLeftOf(cursor);
+      rightward[L] = this.parent;
+
+      cursor.insLeftOf(rightward);
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+  _.blur = function() {
+    this.jQ.removeClass('hasCursor');
+    if (this.isEmpty()) {
+      var textblock = this.parent, cursor = textblock.cursor;
+      if (cursor.parent === this)
+        this.jQ.addClass('empty');
+      else {
+        cursor.hide();
+        textblock.remove();
+        if (cursor[R] === textblock)
+          cursor[R] = textblock[R];
+        else if (cursor[L] === textblock)
+          cursor[L] = textblock[L];
+
+        cursor.show().parent.bubble('redraw');
+      }
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+  _.focus = function() {
+    _super.focus.call(this);
+
+    var textblock = this.parent;
+    if (textblock[R].ctrlSeq === textblock.ctrlSeq) { //TODO: seems like there should be a better way to move MathElements around
+      var innerblock = this,
+        cursor = textblock.cursor,
+        rightward = textblock[R].ends[L];
+
+      rightward.eachChild(function(child){
+        child.parent = innerblock;
+        child.jQ.appendTo(innerblock.jQ);
+      });
+
+      if (this.ends[R])
+        this.ends[R][R] = rightward.ends[L];
+      else
+        this.ends[L] = rightward.ends[L];
+
+      rightward.ends[L][L] = this.ends[R];
+      this.ends[R] = rightward.ends[R];
+
+      rightward.parent.remove();
+
+      if (cursor[L])
+        cursor.insRightOf(cursor[L]);
+      else
+        cursor.insAtLeftEnd(this);
+
+      cursor.parent.bubble('redraw');
+    }
+    else if (textblock[L].ctrlSeq === textblock.ctrlSeq) {
+      var cursor = textblock.cursor;
+      if (cursor[L])
+        textblock[L].ends[L].focus();
+      else
+        cursor.insAtRightEnd(textblock[L].ends[L]);
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+});
+
+
+function makeTextBlock(latex, tagName, attrs) {
+  return P(TextBlock, {
+    ctrlSeq: latex,
+    htmlTemplate: '<'+tagName+' '+attrs+'>&0</'+tagName+'>'
+  });
+}
+
+LatexCmds.em = LatexCmds.italic = LatexCmds.italics =
+LatexCmds.emph = LatexCmds.textit = LatexCmds.textsl =
+  makeTextBlock('\\textit', 'i', 'class="text"');
+LatexCmds.strong = LatexCmds.bold = LatexCmds.textbf =
+  makeTextBlock('\\textbf', 'b', 'class="text"');
+LatexCmds.sf = LatexCmds.textsf =
+  makeTextBlock('\\textsf', 'span', 'class="sans-serif text"');
+LatexCmds.tt = LatexCmds.texttt =
+  makeTextBlock('\\texttt', 'span', 'class="monospace text"');
+LatexCmds.textsc =
+  makeTextBlock('\\textsc', 'span', 'style="font-variant:small-caps" class="text"');
+LatexCmds.uppercase =
+  makeTextBlock('\\uppercase', 'span', 'style="text-transform:uppercase" class="text"');
+LatexCmds.lowercase =
+  makeTextBlock('\\lowercase', 'span', 'style="text-transform:lowercase" class="text"');
+
+// input box to type a variety of LaTeX commands beginning with a backslash
+var LatexCommandInput =
+CharCmds['\\'] = P(MathCommand, function(_, _super) {
+  _.ctrlSeq = '\\';
+  _.replaces = function(replacedFragment) {
+    this._replacedFragment = replacedFragment.disown();
+    this.isEmpty = function() { return false; };
+  };
+  _.htmlTemplate = '<span class="latex-command-input non-leaf">\\<span>&0</span></span>';
+  _.textTemplate = ['\\'];
+  _.createBlocks = function() {
+    _super.createBlocks.call(this);
+    this.ends[L].focus = function() {
+      this.parent.jQ.addClass('hasCursor');
+      if (this.isEmpty())
+        this.parent.jQ.removeClass('empty');
+
+      return this;
+    };
+    this.ends[L].blur = function() {
+      this.parent.jQ.removeClass('hasCursor');
+      if (this.isEmpty())
+        this.parent.jQ.addClass('empty');
+
+      return this;
+    };
+  };
+  _.createLeftOf = function(cursor) {
+    _super.createLeftOf.call(this, cursor);
+
+    this.cursor = cursor.insAtRightEnd(this.ends[L]);
+    if (this._replacedFragment) {
+      var el = this.jQ[0];
+      this.jQ =
+        this._replacedFragment.jQ.addClass('blur').bind(
+          'mousedown mousemove', //FIXME: is monkey-patching the mousedown and mousemove handlers the right way to do this?
+          function(e) {
+            $(e.target = el).trigger(e);
+            return false;
+          }
+        ).insertBefore(this.jQ).add(this.jQ);
+    }
+
+    this.ends[L].write = function(cursor, ch, replacedFragment) {
+      if (replacedFragment) replacedFragment.remove();
+
+      if (ch.match(/[a-z]/i)) VanillaSymbol(ch).createLeftOf(cursor);
+      else {
+        this.parent.renderCommand();
+        if (ch !== '\\' || !this.isEmpty()) this.parent.parent.write(cursor, ch);
+      }
+    };
+  };
+  _.latex = function() {
+    return '\\' + this.ends[L].latex() + ' ';
+  };
+  _.onKey = function(key, e) {
+    if (key === 'Tab' || key === 'Enter' || key === 'Spacebar') {
+      this.renderCommand();
+      e.preventDefault();
+      return false;
+    }
+  };
+  _.renderCommand = function() {
+    this.jQ = this.jQ.last();
+    this.remove();
+    if (this[R]) {
+      this.cursor.insLeftOf(this[R]);
+    } else {
+      this.cursor.insAtRightEnd(this.parent);
+    }
+
+    var latex = this.ends[L].latex(), cmd;
+    if (!latex) latex = 'backslash';
+    this.cursor.insertCmd(latex, this._replacedFragment);
+  };
+});
+
+var Binomial =
+LatexCmds.binom =
+LatexCmds.binomial = P(MathCommand, function(_, _super) {
+  _.ctrlSeq = '\\binom';
+  _.htmlTemplate =
+      '<span class="paren scaled">(</span>'
+    + '<span class="non-leaf">'
+    +   '<span class="array non-leaf">'
+    +     '<span>&0</span>'
+    +     '<span>&1</span>'
+    +   '</span>'
+    + '</span>'
+    + '<span class="paren scaled">)</span>'
+  ;
+  _.textTemplate = ['choose(',',',')'];
+  _.redraw = function() {
+    var blockjQ = this.jQ.eq(1);
+
+    var height = blockjQ.outerHeight()/+blockjQ.css('fontSize').slice(0,-2);
+
+    var parens = this.jQ.filter('.paren');
+    scale(parens, min(1 + .2*(height - 1), 1.2), 1.05*height);
+  };
+});
+
+var Choose =
+LatexCmds.choose = P(Binomial, function(_) {
+  _.createLeftOf = LiveFraction.prototype.createLeftOf;
+});
+
+var Vector =
+LatexCmds.vector = P(MathCommand, function(_, _super) {
+  _.ctrlSeq = '\\vector';
+  _.htmlTemplate = '<span class="array"><span>&0</span></span>';
+  _.latex = function() {
+    return '\\begin{matrix}' + this.foldChildren([], function(latex, child) {
+      latex.push(child.latex());
+      return latex;
+    }).join('\\\\') + '\\end{matrix}';
+  };
+  _.text = function() {
+    return '[' + this.foldChildren([], function(text, child) {
+      text.push(child.text());
+      return text;
+    }).join() + ']';
+  };
+  _.createLeftOf = function(cursor) {
+    _super.createLeftOf.call(this, this.cursor = cursor);
+  };
+  _.onKey = function(key, e) {
+    var currentBlock = this.cursor.parent;
+
+    if (currentBlock.parent === this) {
+      if (key === 'Enter') { //enter
+        var newBlock = MathBlock();
+        newBlock.parent = this;
+        newBlock.jQ = $('<span></span>')
+          .attr(mqBlockId, newBlock.id)
+          .insertAfter(currentBlock.jQ);
+        if (currentBlock[R])
+          currentBlock[R][L] = newBlock;
+        else
+          this.ends[R] = newBlock;
+
+        newBlock[R] = currentBlock[R];
+        currentBlock[R] = newBlock;
+        newBlock[L] = currentBlock;
+        this.bubble('redraw').cursor.insAtRightEnd(newBlock);
+
+        e.preventDefault();
+        return false;
+      }
+      else if (key === 'Tab' && !currentBlock[R]) {
+        if (currentBlock.isEmpty()) {
+          if (currentBlock[L]) {
+            this.cursor.insRightOf(this);
+            delete currentBlock[L][R];
+            this.ends[R] = currentBlock[L];
+            currentBlock.jQ.remove();
+            this.bubble('redraw');
+
+            e.preventDefault();
+            return false;
+          }
+          else
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var newBlock = MathBlock();
+        newBlock.parent = this;
+        newBlock.jQ = $('<span></span>').attr(mqBlockId, newBlock.id).appendTo(this.jQ);
+        this.ends[R] = newBlock;
+        currentBlock[R] = newBlock;
+        newBlock[L] = currentBlock;
+        this.bubble('redraw').cursor.insAtRightEnd(newBlock);
+
+        e.preventDefault();
+        return false;
+      }
+      else if (e.which === 8) { //backspace
+        if (currentBlock.isEmpty()) {
+          if (currentBlock[L]) {
+            this.cursor.insAtRightEnd(currentBlock[L])
+            currentBlock[L][R] = currentBlock[R];
+          }
+          else {
+            this.cursor.insLeftOf(this);
+            this.ends[L] = currentBlock[R];
+          }
+
+          if (currentBlock[R])
+            currentBlock[R][L] = currentBlock[L];
+          else
+            this.ends[R] = currentBlock[L];
+
+          currentBlock.jQ.remove();
+          if (this.isEmpty())
+            this.cursor.deleteForward();
+          else
+            this.bubble('redraw');
+
+          e.preventDefault();
+          return false;
+        }
+        else if (!this.cursor[L]) {
+          e.preventDefault();
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+LatexCmds.editable = P(RootMathCommand, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function() {
+    MathCommand.prototype.init.call(this, '\\editable');
+  };
+
+  _.jQadd = function() {
+    var self = this;
+    // FIXME: this entire method is a giant hack to get around
+    // having to call createBlocks, and createRoot expecting to
+    // render the contents' LaTeX. Both need to be refactored.
+    _super.jQadd.apply(self, arguments);
+    var block = self.ends[L].disown();
+    var blockjQ = self.jQ.children().detach();
+
+    self.ends[L] =
+    self.ends[R] =
+      RootMathBlock();
+
+    self.blocks = [ self.ends[L] ];
+
+    self.ends[L].parent = self;
+
+    createRoot(self.jQ, self.ends[L], false, true);
+    self.cursor = self.ends[L].cursor;
+
+    block.children().adopt(self.ends[L], 0, 0);
+    blockjQ.appendTo(self.ends[L].jQ);
+
+    self.ends[L].cursor.insAtRightEnd(self.ends[L]);
+  };
+
+  _.latex = function(){ return this.ends[L].latex(); };
+  _.text = function(){ return this.ends[L].text(); };
+});
+/**********************************
+ * Symbols and Special Characters
+ *********************************/
+
+LatexCmds.f = bind(Symbol, 'f', '<var class="florin">&fnof;</var><span style="display:inline-block;width:0">&nbsp;</span>');
+
+var Variable = P(Symbol, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(ch, html) {
+    _super.init.call(this, ch, '<var>'+(html || ch)+'</var>');
+  };
+  _.text = function() {
+    var text = this.ctrlSeq;
+    if (this[L] && !(this[L] instanceof Variable)
+        && !(this[L] instanceof BinaryOperator))
+      text = '*' + text;
+    if (this[R] && !(this[R] instanceof BinaryOperator)
+        && !(this[R].ctrlSeq === '^'))
+      text += '*';
+    return text;
+  };
+});
+
+var VanillaSymbol = P(Symbol, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(ch, html) {
+    _super.init.call(this, ch, '<span>'+(html || ch)+'</span>');
+  };
+});
+
+CharCmds[' '] = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\:', ' ');
+
+LatexCmds.prime = CharCmds["'"] = bind(VanillaSymbol, "'", '&prime;');
+
+// does not use Symbola font
+var NonSymbolaSymbol = P(Symbol, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(ch, html) {
+    _super.init.call(this, ch, '<span class="nonSymbola">'+(html || ch)+'</span>');
+  };
+});
+
+LatexCmds['@'] = NonSymbolaSymbol;
+LatexCmds['&'] = bind(NonSymbolaSymbol, '\\&', '&amp;');
+LatexCmds['%'] = bind(NonSymbolaSymbol, '\\%', '%');
+
+//the following are all Greek to me, but this helped a lot: http://www.ams.org/STIX/ion/stixsig03.html
+
+//lowercase Greek letter variables
+LatexCmds.alpha =
+LatexCmds.beta =
+LatexCmds.gamma =
+LatexCmds.delta =
+LatexCmds.zeta =
+LatexCmds.eta =
+LatexCmds.theta =
+LatexCmds.iota =
+LatexCmds.kappa =
+LatexCmds.mu =
+LatexCmds.nu =
+LatexCmds.xi =
+LatexCmds.rho =
+LatexCmds.sigma =
+LatexCmds.tau =
+LatexCmds.chi =
+LatexCmds.psi =
+LatexCmds.omega = P(Variable, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(latex) {
+    _super.init.call(this,'\\'+latex+' ','&'+latex+';');
+  };
+});
+
+//why can't anybody FUCKING agree on these
+LatexCmds.phi = //W3C or Unicode?
+  bind(Variable,'\\phi ','&#981;');
+
+LatexCmds.phiv = //Elsevier and 9573-13
+LatexCmds.varphi = //AMS and LaTeX
+  bind(Variable,'\\varphi ','&phi;');
+
+LatexCmds.epsilon = //W3C or Unicode?
+  bind(Variable,'\\epsilon ','&#1013;');
+
+LatexCmds.epsiv = //Elsevier and 9573-13
+LatexCmds.varepsilon = //AMS and LaTeX
+  bind(Variable,'\\varepsilon ','&epsilon;');
+
+LatexCmds.piv = //W3C/Unicode and Elsevier and 9573-13
+LatexCmds.varpi = //AMS and LaTeX
+  bind(Variable,'\\varpi ','&piv;');
+
+LatexCmds.sigmaf = //W3C/Unicode
+LatexCmds.sigmav = //Elsevier
+LatexCmds.varsigma = //LaTeX
+  bind(Variable,'\\varsigma ','&sigmaf;');
+
+LatexCmds.thetav = //Elsevier and 9573-13
+LatexCmds.vartheta = //AMS and LaTeX
+LatexCmds.thetasym = //W3C/Unicode
+  bind(Variable,'\\vartheta ','&thetasym;');
+
+LatexCmds.upsilon = //AMS and LaTeX and W3C/Unicode
+LatexCmds.upsi = //Elsevier and 9573-13
+  bind(Variable,'\\upsilon ','&upsilon;');
+
+//these aren't even mentioned in the HTML character entity references
+LatexCmds.gammad = //Elsevier
+LatexCmds.Gammad = //9573-13 -- WTF, right? I dunno if this was a typo in the reference (see above)
+LatexCmds.digamma = //LaTeX
+  bind(Variable,'\\digamma ','&#989;');
+
+LatexCmds.kappav = //Elsevier
+LatexCmds.varkappa = //AMS and LaTeX
+  bind(Variable,'\\varkappa ','&#1008;');
+
+LatexCmds.rhov = //Elsevier and 9573-13
+LatexCmds.varrho = //AMS and LaTeX
+  bind(Variable,'\\varrho ','&#1009;');
+
+//Greek constants, look best in un-italicised Times New Roman
+LatexCmds.pi = LatexCmds['π'] = bind(NonSymbolaSymbol,'\\pi ','&pi;');
+LatexCmds.lambda = bind(NonSymbolaSymbol,'\\lambda ','&lambda;');
+
+//uppercase greek letters
+
+LatexCmds.Upsilon = //LaTeX
+LatexCmds.Upsi = //Elsevier and 9573-13
+LatexCmds.upsih = //W3C/Unicode "upsilon with hook"
+LatexCmds.Upsih = //'cos it makes sense to me
+  bind(Symbol,'\\Upsilon ','<var style="font-family: serif">&upsih;</var>'); //Symbola's 'upsilon with a hook' is a capital Y without hooks :(
+
+//other symbols with the same LaTeX command and HTML character entity reference
+LatexCmds.Gamma =
+LatexCmds.Delta =
+LatexCmds.Theta =
+LatexCmds.Lambda =
+LatexCmds.Xi =
+LatexCmds.Pi =
+LatexCmds.Sigma =
+LatexCmds.Phi =
+LatexCmds.Psi =
+LatexCmds.Omega =
+LatexCmds.forall = P(VanillaSymbol, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(latex) {
+    _super.init.call(this,'\\'+latex+' ','&'+latex+';');
+  };
+});
+
+// symbols that aren't a single MathCommand, but are instead a whole
+// Fragment. Creates the Fragment from a LaTeX string
+var LatexFragment = P(MathCommand, function(_) {
+  _.init = function(latex) { this.latex = latex; };
+  _.createLeftOf = function(cursor) { cursor.writeLatex(this.latex); };
+  _.parser = function() {
+    var frag = latexMathParser.parse(this.latex).children();
+    return Parser.succeed(frag);
+  };
+});
+
+// for what seems to me like [stupid reasons][1], Unicode provides
+// subscripted and superscripted versions of all ten Arabic numerals,
+// as well as [so-called "vulgar fractions"][2].
+// Nobody really cares about most of them, but some of them actually
+// predate Unicode, dating back to [ISO-8859-1][3], apparently also
+// known as "Latin-1", which among other things [Windows-1252][4]
+// largely coincides with, so Microsoft Word sometimes inserts them
+// and they get copy-pasted into MathQuill.
+//
+// (Irrelevant but funny story: Windows-1252 is actually a strict
+// superset of the "closely related but distinct"[3] "ISO 8859-1" --
+// see the lack of a dash after "ISO"? Completely different character
+// set, like elephants vs elephant seals, or "Zombies" vs "Zombie
+// Redneck Torture Family". What kind of idiot would get them confused.
+// People in fact got them confused so much, it was so common to
+// mislabel Windows-1252 text as ISO-8859-1, that most modern web
+// browsers and email clients treat the MIME charset of ISO-8859-1
+// as actually Windows-1252, behavior now standard in the HTML5 spec.)
+//
+// [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_subscripts_and_superscripts
+// [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_Forms
+// [3]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1
+// [4]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows-1252
+LatexCmds['¹'] = bind(LatexFragment, '^1');
+LatexCmds['²'] = bind(LatexFragment, '^2');
+LatexCmds['³'] = bind(LatexFragment, '^3');
+LatexCmds['¼'] = bind(LatexFragment, '\\frac14');
+LatexCmds['½'] = bind(LatexFragment, '\\frac12');
+LatexCmds['¾'] = bind(LatexFragment, '\\frac34');
+
+var BinaryOperator = P(Symbol, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(ctrlSeq, html, text) {
+    _super.init.call(this,
+      ctrlSeq, '<span class="binary-operator">'+html+'</span>', text
+    );
+  };
+});
+
+var PlusMinus = P(BinaryOperator, function(_) {
+  _.init = VanillaSymbol.prototype.init;
+
+  _.respace = function() {
+    if (!this[L]) {
+      this.jQ[0].className = '';
+    }
+    else if (
+      this[L] instanceof BinaryOperator &&
+      this[R] && !(this[R] instanceof BinaryOperator)
+    ) {
+      this.jQ[0].className = 'unary-operator';
+    }
+    else {
+      this.jQ[0].className = 'binary-operator';
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+});
+
+LatexCmds['+'] = bind(PlusMinus, '+', '+');
+//yes, these are different dashes, I think one is an en dash and the other is a hyphen
+LatexCmds['–'] = LatexCmds['-'] = bind(PlusMinus, '-', '&minus;');
+LatexCmds['±'] = LatexCmds.pm = LatexCmds.plusmn = LatexCmds.plusminus =
+  bind(PlusMinus,'\\pm ','&plusmn;');
+LatexCmds.mp = LatexCmds.mnplus = LatexCmds.minusplus =
+  bind(PlusMinus,'\\mp ','&#8723;');
+
+CharCmds['*'] = LatexCmds.sdot = LatexCmds.cdot =
+  bind(BinaryOperator, '\\cdot ', '&middot;');
+//semantically should be &sdot;, but &middot; looks better
+
+LatexCmds['='] = bind(BinaryOperator, '=', '=');
+LatexCmds['<'] = bind(BinaryOperator, '<', '&lt;');
+LatexCmds['>'] = bind(BinaryOperator, '>', '&gt;');
+
+LatexCmds.notin =
+LatexCmds.sim =
+LatexCmds.cong =
+LatexCmds.equiv =
+LatexCmds.oplus =
+LatexCmds.otimes = P(BinaryOperator, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(latex) {
+    _super.init.call(this, '\\'+latex+' ', '&'+latex+';');
+  };
+});
+
+LatexCmds.times = bind(BinaryOperator, '\\times ', '&times;', '[x]');
+
+LatexCmds['÷'] = LatexCmds.div = LatexCmds.divide = LatexCmds.divides =
+  bind(BinaryOperator,'\\div ','&divide;', '[/]');
+
+LatexCmds['≠'] = LatexCmds.ne = LatexCmds.neq = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\ne ','&ne;');
+
+LatexCmds.ast = LatexCmds.star = LatexCmds.loast = LatexCmds.lowast =
+  bind(BinaryOperator,'\\ast ','&lowast;');
+  //case 'there4 = // a special exception for this one, perhaps?
+LatexCmds.therefor = LatexCmds.therefore =
+  bind(BinaryOperator,'\\therefore ','&there4;');
+
+LatexCmds.cuz = // l33t
+LatexCmds.because = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\because ','&#8757;');
+
+LatexCmds.prop = LatexCmds.propto = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\propto ','&prop;');
+
+LatexCmds['≈'] = LatexCmds.asymp = LatexCmds.approx = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\approx ','&asymp;');
+
+LatexCmds.lt = bind(BinaryOperator,'<','&lt;');
+
+LatexCmds.gt = bind(BinaryOperator,'>','&gt;');
+
+LatexCmds['≤'] = LatexCmds.le = LatexCmds.leq = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\le ','&le;');
+
+LatexCmds['≥'] = LatexCmds.ge = LatexCmds.geq = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\ge ','&ge;');
+
+LatexCmds.isin = LatexCmds['in'] = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\in ','&isin;');
+
+LatexCmds.ni = LatexCmds.contains = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\ni ','&ni;');
+
+LatexCmds.notni = LatexCmds.niton = LatexCmds.notcontains = LatexCmds.doesnotcontain =
+  bind(BinaryOperator,'\\not\\ni ','&#8716;');
+
+LatexCmds.sub = LatexCmds.subset = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\subset ','&sub;');
+
+LatexCmds.sup = LatexCmds.supset = LatexCmds.superset =
+  bind(BinaryOperator,'\\supset ','&sup;');
+
+LatexCmds.nsub = LatexCmds.notsub =
+LatexCmds.nsubset = LatexCmds.notsubset =
+  bind(BinaryOperator,'\\not\\subset ','&#8836;');
+
+LatexCmds.nsup = LatexCmds.notsup =
+LatexCmds.nsupset = LatexCmds.notsupset =
+LatexCmds.nsuperset = LatexCmds.notsuperset =
+  bind(BinaryOperator,'\\not\\supset ','&#8837;');
+
+LatexCmds.sube = LatexCmds.subeq = LatexCmds.subsete = LatexCmds.subseteq =
+  bind(BinaryOperator,'\\subseteq ','&sube;');
+
+LatexCmds.supe = LatexCmds.supeq =
+LatexCmds.supsete = LatexCmds.supseteq =
+LatexCmds.supersete = LatexCmds.superseteq =
+  bind(BinaryOperator,'\\supseteq ','&supe;');
+
+LatexCmds.nsube = LatexCmds.nsubeq =
+LatexCmds.notsube = LatexCmds.notsubeq =
+LatexCmds.nsubsete = LatexCmds.nsubseteq =
+LatexCmds.notsubsete = LatexCmds.notsubseteq =
+  bind(BinaryOperator,'\\not\\subseteq ','&#8840;');
+
+LatexCmds.nsupe = LatexCmds.nsupeq =
+LatexCmds.notsupe = LatexCmds.notsupeq =
+LatexCmds.nsupsete = LatexCmds.nsupseteq =
+LatexCmds.notsupsete = LatexCmds.notsupseteq =
+LatexCmds.nsupersete = LatexCmds.nsuperseteq =
+LatexCmds.notsupersete = LatexCmds.notsuperseteq =
+  bind(BinaryOperator,'\\not\\supseteq ','&#8841;');
+
+
+//sum, product, coproduct, integral
+var BigSymbol = P(Symbol, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(ch, html) {
+    _super.init.call(this, ch, '<big>'+html+'</big>');
+  };
+});
+
+LatexCmds['∑'] = LatexCmds.sum = LatexCmds.summation = bind(BigSymbol,'\\sum ','&sum;');
+LatexCmds['∏'] = LatexCmds.prod = LatexCmds.product = bind(BigSymbol,'\\prod ','&prod;');
+LatexCmds.coprod = LatexCmds.coproduct = bind(BigSymbol,'\\coprod ','&#8720;');
+LatexCmds['∫'] = LatexCmds['int'] = LatexCmds.integral = bind(BigSymbol,'\\int ','&int;');
+
+
+
+//the canonical sets of numbers
+LatexCmds.N = LatexCmds.naturals = LatexCmds.Naturals =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\mathbb{N}','&#8469;');
+
+LatexCmds.P =
+LatexCmds.primes = LatexCmds.Primes =
+LatexCmds.projective = LatexCmds.Projective =
+LatexCmds.probability = LatexCmds.Probability =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\mathbb{P}','&#8473;');
+
+LatexCmds.Z = LatexCmds.integers = LatexCmds.Integers =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\mathbb{Z}','&#8484;');
+
+LatexCmds.Q = LatexCmds.rationals = LatexCmds.Rationals =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\mathbb{Q}','&#8474;');
+
+LatexCmds.R = LatexCmds.reals = LatexCmds.Reals =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\mathbb{R}','&#8477;');
+
+LatexCmds.C =
+LatexCmds.complex = LatexCmds.Complex =
+LatexCmds.complexes = LatexCmds.Complexes =
+LatexCmds.complexplane = LatexCmds.Complexplane = LatexCmds.ComplexPlane =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\mathbb{C}','&#8450;');
+
+LatexCmds.H = LatexCmds.Hamiltonian = LatexCmds.quaternions = LatexCmds.Quaternions =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\mathbb{H}','&#8461;');
+
+//spacing
+LatexCmds.quad = LatexCmds.emsp = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\quad ','    ');
+LatexCmds.qquad = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\qquad ','        ');
+/* spacing special characters, gonna have to implement this in LatexCommandInput::onText somehow
+case ',':
+  return VanillaSymbol('\\, ',' ');
+case ':':
+  return VanillaSymbol('\\: ','  ');
+case ';':
+  return VanillaSymbol('\\; ','   ');
+case '!':
+  return Symbol('\\! ','<span style="margin-right:-.2em"></span>');
+*/
+
+//binary operators
+LatexCmds.diamond = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\diamond ', '&#9671;');
+LatexCmds.bigtriangleup = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\bigtriangleup ', '&#9651;');
+LatexCmds.ominus = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\ominus ', '&#8854;');
+LatexCmds.uplus = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\uplus ', '&#8846;');
+LatexCmds.bigtriangledown = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\bigtriangledown ', '&#9661;');
+LatexCmds.sqcap = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\sqcap ', '&#8851;');
+LatexCmds.triangleleft = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\triangleleft ', '&#8882;');
+LatexCmds.sqcup = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\sqcup ', '&#8852;');
+LatexCmds.triangleright = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\triangleright ', '&#8883;');
+LatexCmds.odot = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\odot ', '&#8857;');
+LatexCmds.bigcirc = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\bigcirc ', '&#9711;');
+LatexCmds.dagger = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\dagger ', '&#0134;');
+LatexCmds.ddagger = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\ddagger ', '&#135;');
+LatexCmds.wr = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\wr ', '&#8768;');
+LatexCmds.amalg = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\amalg ', '&#8720;');
+
+//relationship symbols
+LatexCmds.models = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\models ', '&#8872;');
+LatexCmds.prec = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\prec ', '&#8826;');
+LatexCmds.succ = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\succ ', '&#8827;');
+LatexCmds.preceq = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\preceq ', '&#8828;');
+LatexCmds.succeq = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\succeq ', '&#8829;');
+LatexCmds.simeq = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\simeq ', '&#8771;');
+LatexCmds.mid = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\mid ', '&#8739;');
+LatexCmds.ll = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\ll ', '&#8810;');
+LatexCmds.gg = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\gg ', '&#8811;');
+LatexCmds.parallel = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\parallel ', '&#8741;');
+LatexCmds.bowtie = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\bowtie ', '&#8904;');
+LatexCmds.sqsubset = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\sqsubset ', '&#8847;');
+LatexCmds.sqsupset = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\sqsupset ', '&#8848;');
+LatexCmds.smile = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\smile ', '&#8995;');
+LatexCmds.sqsubseteq = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\sqsubseteq ', '&#8849;');
+LatexCmds.sqsupseteq = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\sqsupseteq ', '&#8850;');
+LatexCmds.doteq = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\doteq ', '&#8784;');
+LatexCmds.frown = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\frown ', '&#8994;');
+LatexCmds.vdash = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\vdash ', '&#8870;');
+LatexCmds.dashv = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\dashv ', '&#8867;');
+
+//arrows
+LatexCmds.longleftarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\longleftarrow ', '&#8592;');
+LatexCmds.longrightarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\longrightarrow ', '&#8594;');
+LatexCmds.Longleftarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\Longleftarrow ', '&#8656;');
+LatexCmds.Longrightarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\Longrightarrow ', '&#8658;');
+LatexCmds.longleftrightarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\longleftrightarrow ', '&#8596;');
+LatexCmds.updownarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\updownarrow ', '&#8597;');
+LatexCmds.Longleftrightarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\Longleftrightarrow ', '&#8660;');
+LatexCmds.Updownarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\Updownarrow ', '&#8661;');
+LatexCmds.mapsto = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\mapsto ', '&#8614;');
+LatexCmds.nearrow = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\nearrow ', '&#8599;');
+LatexCmds.hookleftarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\hookleftarrow ', '&#8617;');
+LatexCmds.hookrightarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\hookrightarrow ', '&#8618;');
+LatexCmds.searrow = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\searrow ', '&#8600;');
+LatexCmds.leftharpoonup = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\leftharpoonup ', '&#8636;');
+LatexCmds.rightharpoonup = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\rightharpoonup ', '&#8640;');
+LatexCmds.swarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\swarrow ', '&#8601;');
+LatexCmds.leftharpoondown = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\leftharpoondown ', '&#8637;');
+LatexCmds.rightharpoondown = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\rightharpoondown ', '&#8641;');
+LatexCmds.nwarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\nwarrow ', '&#8598;');
+
+//Misc
+LatexCmds.ldots = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\ldots ', '&#8230;');
+LatexCmds.cdots = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\cdots ', '&#8943;');
+LatexCmds.vdots = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\vdots ', '&#8942;');
+LatexCmds.ddots = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\ddots ', '&#8944;');
+LatexCmds.surd = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\surd ', '&#8730;');
+LatexCmds.triangle = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\triangle ', '&#9653;');
+LatexCmds.ell = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\ell ', '&#8467;');
+LatexCmds.top = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\top ', '&#8868;');
+LatexCmds.flat = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\flat ', '&#9837;');
+LatexCmds.natural = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\natural ', '&#9838;');
+LatexCmds.sharp = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\sharp ', '&#9839;');
+LatexCmds.wp = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\wp ', '&#8472;');
+LatexCmds.bot = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\bot ', '&#8869;');
+LatexCmds.clubsuit = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\clubsuit ', '&#9827;');
+LatexCmds.diamondsuit = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\diamondsuit ', '&#9826;');
+LatexCmds.heartsuit = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\heartsuit ', '&#9825;');
+LatexCmds.spadesuit = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\spadesuit ', '&#9824;');
+
+//variable-sized
+LatexCmds.oint = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\oint ', '&#8750;');
+LatexCmds.bigcap = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\bigcap ', '&#8745;');
+LatexCmds.bigcup = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\bigcup ', '&#8746;');
+LatexCmds.bigsqcup = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\bigsqcup ', '&#8852;');
+LatexCmds.bigvee = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\bigvee ', '&#8744;');
+LatexCmds.bigwedge = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\bigwedge ', '&#8743;');
+LatexCmds.bigodot = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\bigodot ', '&#8857;');
+LatexCmds.bigotimes = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\bigotimes ', '&#8855;');
+LatexCmds.bigoplus = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\bigoplus ', '&#8853;');
+LatexCmds.biguplus = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\biguplus ', '&#8846;');
+
+//delimiters
+LatexCmds.lfloor = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\lfloor ', '&#8970;');
+LatexCmds.rfloor = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\rfloor ', '&#8971;');
+LatexCmds.lceil = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\lceil ', '&#8968;');
+LatexCmds.rceil = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\rceil ', '&#8969;');
+LatexCmds.slash = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\slash ', '&#47;');
+LatexCmds.opencurlybrace = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\opencurlybrace ', '&#123;');
+LatexCmds.closecurlybrace = bind(VanillaSymbol, '\\closecurlybrace ', '&#125;');
+
+//various symbols
+
+LatexCmds.caret = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\caret ','^');
+LatexCmds.underscore = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\underscore ','_');
+LatexCmds.backslash = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\backslash ','\\');
+LatexCmds.vert = bind(VanillaSymbol,'|');
+LatexCmds.perp = LatexCmds.perpendicular = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\perp ','&perp;');
+LatexCmds.nabla = LatexCmds.del = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\nabla ','&nabla;');
+LatexCmds.hbar = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\hbar ','&#8463;');
+
+LatexCmds.AA = LatexCmds.Angstrom = LatexCmds.angstrom =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\text\\AA ','&#8491;');
+
+LatexCmds.ring = LatexCmds.circ = LatexCmds.circle =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\circ ','&#8728;');
+
+LatexCmds.bull = LatexCmds.bullet = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\bullet ','&bull;');
+
+LatexCmds.setminus = LatexCmds.smallsetminus =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\setminus ','&#8726;');
+
+LatexCmds.not = //bind(Symbol,'\\not ','<span class="not">/</span>');
+LatexCmds['¬'] = LatexCmds.neg = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\neg ','&not;');
+
+LatexCmds['…'] = LatexCmds.dots = LatexCmds.ellip = LatexCmds.hellip =
+LatexCmds.ellipsis = LatexCmds.hellipsis =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\dots ','&hellip;');
+
+LatexCmds.converges =
+LatexCmds.darr = LatexCmds.dnarr = LatexCmds.dnarrow = LatexCmds.downarrow =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\downarrow ','&darr;');
+
+LatexCmds.dArr = LatexCmds.dnArr = LatexCmds.dnArrow = LatexCmds.Downarrow =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\Downarrow ','&dArr;');
+
+LatexCmds.diverges = LatexCmds.uarr = LatexCmds.uparrow =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\uparrow ','&uarr;');
+
+LatexCmds.uArr = LatexCmds.Uparrow = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\Uparrow ','&uArr;');
+
+LatexCmds.to = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\to ','&rarr;');
+
+LatexCmds.rarr = LatexCmds.rightarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\rightarrow ','&rarr;');
+
+LatexCmds.implies = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\Rightarrow ','&rArr;');
+
+LatexCmds.rArr = LatexCmds.Rightarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\Rightarrow ','&rArr;');
+
+LatexCmds.gets = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\gets ','&larr;');
+
+LatexCmds.larr = LatexCmds.leftarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\leftarrow ','&larr;');
+
+LatexCmds.impliedby = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\Leftarrow ','&lArr;');
+
+LatexCmds.lArr = LatexCmds.Leftarrow = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\Leftarrow ','&lArr;');
+
+LatexCmds.harr = LatexCmds.lrarr = LatexCmds.leftrightarrow =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\leftrightarrow ','&harr;');
+
+LatexCmds.iff = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\Leftrightarrow ','&hArr;');
+
+LatexCmds.hArr = LatexCmds.lrArr = LatexCmds.Leftrightarrow =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\Leftrightarrow ','&hArr;');
+
+LatexCmds.Re = LatexCmds.Real = LatexCmds.real = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\Re ','&real;');
+
+LatexCmds.Im = LatexCmds.imag =
+LatexCmds.image = LatexCmds.imagin = LatexCmds.imaginary = LatexCmds.Imaginary =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\Im ','&image;');
+
+LatexCmds.part = LatexCmds.partial = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\partial ','&part;');
+
+LatexCmds.inf = LatexCmds.infin = LatexCmds.infty = LatexCmds.infinity =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\infty ','&infin;');
+
+LatexCmds.alef = LatexCmds.alefsym = LatexCmds.aleph = LatexCmds.alephsym =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\aleph ','&alefsym;');
+
+LatexCmds.xist = //LOL
+LatexCmds.xists = LatexCmds.exist = LatexCmds.exists =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\exists ','&exist;');
+
+LatexCmds.and = LatexCmds.land = LatexCmds.wedge =
+  bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\wedge ','&and;');
+
+LatexCmds.or = LatexCmds.lor = LatexCmds.vee = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\vee ','&or;');
+
+LatexCmds.o = LatexCmds.O =
+LatexCmds.empty = LatexCmds.emptyset =
+LatexCmds.oslash = LatexCmds.Oslash =
+LatexCmds.nothing = LatexCmds.varnothing =
+  bind(BinaryOperator,'\\varnothing ','&empty;');
+
+LatexCmds.cup = LatexCmds.union = bind(BinaryOperator,'\\cup ','&cup;');
+
+LatexCmds.cap = LatexCmds.intersect = LatexCmds.intersection =
+  bind(BinaryOperator,'\\cap ','&cap;');
+
+LatexCmds.deg = LatexCmds.degree = bind(VanillaSymbol,'^\\circ ','&deg;');
+
+LatexCmds.ang = LatexCmds.angle = bind(VanillaSymbol,'\\angle ','&ang;');
+
+
+var NonItalicizedFunction = P(Symbol, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function(fn) {
+    _super.init.call(this, '\\'+fn+' ', '<span>'+fn+'</span>');
+  };
+  _.respace = function()
+  {
+    this.jQ[0].className =
+      (this[R] instanceof SupSub || this[R] instanceof Bracket) ?
+      '' : 'non-italicized-function';
+  };
+});
+
+LatexCmds.ln =
+LatexCmds.lg =
+LatexCmds.log =
+LatexCmds.span =
+LatexCmds.proj =
+LatexCmds.det =
+LatexCmds.dim =
+LatexCmds.min =
+LatexCmds.max =
+LatexCmds.mod =
+LatexCmds.lcm =
+LatexCmds.gcd =
+LatexCmds.gcf =
+LatexCmds.hcf =
+LatexCmds.lim = NonItalicizedFunction;
+
+(function() {
+  var trig = ['sin', 'cos', 'tan', 'sec', 'cosec', 'csc', 'cotan', 'cot'];
+  for (var i in trig) {
+    LatexCmds[trig[i]] =
+    LatexCmds[trig[i]+'h'] =
+    LatexCmds['a'+trig[i]] = LatexCmds['arc'+trig[i]] =
+    LatexCmds['a'+trig[i]+'h'] = LatexCmds['arc'+trig[i]+'h'] =
+      NonItalicizedFunction;
+  }
+}());
+
+// Parser MathCommand
+var latexMathParser = (function() {
+  function commandToBlock(cmd) {
+    var block = MathBlock();
+    cmd.adopt(block, 0, 0);
+    return block;
+  }
+  function joinBlocks(blocks) {
+    var firstBlock = blocks[0] || MathBlock();
+
+    for (var i = 1; i < blocks.length; i += 1) {
+      blocks[i].children().adopt(firstBlock, firstBlock.ends[R], 0);
+    }
+
+    return firstBlock;
+  }
+
+  var string = Parser.string;
+  var regex = Parser.regex;
+  var letter = Parser.letter;
+  var any = Parser.any;
+  var optWhitespace = Parser.optWhitespace;
+  var succeed = Parser.succeed;
+  var fail = Parser.fail;
+
+  // Parsers yielding MathCommands
+  var variable = letter.map(Variable);
+  var symbol = regex(/^[^${}\\_^]/).map(VanillaSymbol);
+
+  var controlSequence =
+    regex(/^[^\\a-eg-zA-Z]/) // hotfix #164; match MathBlock::write
+    .or(string('\\').then(
+      regex(/^[a-z]+/i)
+      .or(regex(/^\s+/).result(' '))
+      .or(any)
+    )).then(function(ctrlSeq) {
+      var cmdKlass = LatexCmds[ctrlSeq];
+
+      if (cmdKlass) {
+        return cmdKlass(ctrlSeq).parser();
+      }
+      else {
+        return fail('unknown command: \\'+ctrlSeq);
+      }
+    })
+  ;
+
+  var command =
+    controlSequence
+    .or(variable)
+    .or(symbol)
+  ;
+
+  // Parsers yielding MathBlocks
+  var mathGroup = string('{').then(function() { return mathSequence; }).skip(string('}'));
+  var mathBlock = optWhitespace.then(mathGroup.or(command.map(commandToBlock)));
+  var mathSequence = mathBlock.many().map(joinBlocks).skip(optWhitespace);
+
+  var optMathBlock =
+    string('[').then(
+      mathBlock.then(function(block) {
+        return block.join('latex') !== ']' ? succeed(block) : fail();
+      })
+      .many().map(joinBlocks).skip(optWhitespace)
+    ).skip(string(']'))
+  ;
+
+  var latexMath = mathSequence;
+
+  latexMath.block = mathBlock;
+  latexMath.optBlock = optMathBlock;
+  return latexMath;
+})();
+/********************************************
+ * Cursor and Selection "singleton" classes
+ *******************************************/
+
+/* The main thing that manipulates the Math DOM. Makes sure to manipulate the
+HTML DOM to match. */
+
+/* Sort of singletons, since there should only be one per editable math
+textbox, but any one HTML document can contain many such textboxes, so any one
+JS environment could actually contain many instances. */
+
+//A fake cursor in the fake textbox that the math is rendered in.
+var Cursor = P(Point, function(_) {
+  _.init = function(root) {
+    this.parent = this.root = root;
+    var jQ = this.jQ = this._jQ = $('<span class="cursor">&zwj;</span>');
+
+    //closured for setInterval
+    this.blink = function(){ jQ.toggleClass('blink'); };
+
+    this.upDownCache = {};
+  };
+
+  _.show = function() {
+    this.jQ = this._jQ.removeClass('blink');
+    if ('intervalId' in this) //already was shown, just restart interval
+      clearInterval(this.intervalId);
+    else { //was hidden and detached, insert this.jQ back into HTML DOM
+      if (this[R]) {
+        if (this.selection && this.selection.ends[L][L] === this[L])
+          this.jQ.insertBefore(this.selection.jQ);
+        else
+          this.jQ.insertBefore(this[R].jQ.first());
+      }
+      else
+        this.jQ.appendTo(this.parent.jQ);
+      this.parent.focus();
+    }
+    this.intervalId = setInterval(this.blink, 500);
+    return this;
+  };
+  _.hide = function() {
+    if ('intervalId' in this)
+      clearInterval(this.intervalId);
+    delete this.intervalId;
+    this.jQ.detach();
+    this.jQ = $();
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  _.withDirInsertAt = function(dir, parent, withDir, oppDir) {
+    var oldParent = this.parent;
+    this.parent = parent;
+    this[dir] = withDir;
+    this[-dir] = oppDir;
+    oldParent.blur();
+  };
+  _.insDirOf = function(dir, el) {
+    prayDirection(dir);
+    this.withDirInsertAt(dir, el.parent, el[dir], el);
+    this.parent.jQ.addClass('hasCursor');
+    this.jQ.insDirOf(dir, el.jQ);
+    return this;
+  };
+  _.insLeftOf = function(el) { return this.insDirOf(L, el); };
+  _.insRightOf = function(el) { return this.insDirOf(R, el); };
+
+  _.insAtDirEnd = function(dir, el) {
+    prayDirection(dir);
+    this.withDirInsertAt(dir, el, 0, el.ends[dir]);
+
+    // never insert before textarea
+    if (dir === L && el.textarea) {
+      this.jQ.insDirOf(-dir, el.textarea);
+    }
+    else {
+      this.jQ.insAtDirEnd(dir, el.jQ);
+    }
+
+    el.focus();
+
+    return this;
+  };
+  _.insAtLeftEnd = function(el) { return this.insAtDirEnd(L, el); };
+  _.insAtRightEnd = function(el) { return this.insAtDirEnd(R, el); };
+
+  _.hopDir = function(dir) {
+    prayDirection(dir);
+
+    this.jQ.insDirOf(dir, this[dir].jQ);
+    this[-dir] = this[dir];
+    this[dir] = this[dir][dir];
+    return this;
+  };
+  _.hopLeft = function() { return this.hopDir(L); };
+  _.hopRight = function() { return this.hopDir(R); };
+
+  _.moveDirWithin = function(dir, block) {
+    prayDirection(dir);
+
+    if (this[dir]) {
+      if (this[dir].ends[-dir]) this.insAtDirEnd(-dir, this[dir].ends[-dir]);
+      else this.hopDir(dir);
+    }
+    else {
+      // we're at the beginning/end of the containing block, so do nothing
+      if (this.parent === block) return;
+
+      if (this.parent[dir]) this.insAtDirEnd(-dir, this.parent[dir]);
+      else this.insDirOf(dir, this.parent.parent);
+    }
+  };
+  _.moveLeftWithin = function(block) {
+    return this.moveDirWithin(L, block);
+  };
+  _.moveRightWithin = function(block) {
+    return this.moveDirWithin(R, block);
+  };
+  _.moveDir = function(dir) {
+    prayDirection(dir);
+
+    clearUpDownCache(this);
+
+    if (this.selection)  {
+      this.insDirOf(dir, this.selection.ends[dir]).clearSelection();
+    }
+    else {
+      this.moveDirWithin(dir, this.root);
+    }
+
+    return this.show();
+  };
+  _.moveLeft = function() { return this.moveDir(L); };
+  _.moveRight = function() { return this.moveDir(R); };
+
+  /**
+   * moveUp and moveDown have almost identical algorithms:
+   * - first check left and right, if so insAtLeft/RightEnd of them
+   * - else check the parent's 'up'/'down' property - if it's a function,
+   *   call it with the cursor as the sole argument and use the return value.
+   *
+   *   Given undefined, will bubble up to the next ancestor block.
+   *   Given false, will stop bubbling.
+   *   Given a MathBlock,
+   *     + if there is a cached Point in the block, insert there
+   *     + else, seekHoriz within the block to the current x-coordinate (to be
+   *       as close to directly above/below the current position as possible)
+   */
+  _.moveUp = function() { return moveUpDown(this, 'up'); };
+  _.moveDown = function() { return moveUpDown(this, 'down'); };
+  function moveUpDown(self, dir) {
+    self.clearSelection().show();
+    if (self[R][dir]) self.insAtLeftEnd(self[R][dir]);
+    else if (self[L][dir]) self.insAtRightEnd(self[L][dir]);
+    else {
+      var ancestorBlock = self.parent;
+      do {
+        var prop = ancestorBlock[dir];
+        if (prop) {
+          if (typeof prop === 'function') prop = ancestorBlock[dir](self);
+          if (prop === false || prop instanceof MathBlock) {
+            self.upDownCache[ancestorBlock.id] = Point(self.parent, self[L], self[R]);
+
+            if (prop instanceof MathBlock) {
+              var cached = self.upDownCache[prop.id];
+
+              if (cached) {
+                if (cached[R]) {
+                  self.insLeftOf(cached[R]);
+                } else {
+                  self.insAtRightEnd(cached.parent);
+                }
+              } else {
+                var pageX = offset(self).left;
+                self.insAtRightEnd(prop);
+                self.seekHoriz(pageX, prop);
+              }
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        ancestorBlock = ancestorBlock.parent.parent;
+      } while (ancestorBlock);
+    }
+    return self;
+  }
+
+  _.seek = function(target, pageX, pageY) {
+    clearUpDownCache(this);
+    var cmd, block, cursor = this.clearSelection().show();
+    if (target.hasClass('empty')) {
+      cursor.insAtLeftEnd(MathElement[target.attr(mqBlockId)]);
+      return cursor;
+    }
+
+    cmd = MathElement[target.attr(mqCmdId)];
+    if (cmd instanceof Symbol) { //insert at whichever side is closer
+      if (target.outerWidth() > 2*(pageX - target.offset().left))
+        cursor.insLeftOf(cmd);
+      else
+        cursor.insRightOf(cmd);
+
+      return cursor;
+    }
+    if (!cmd) {
+      block = MathElement[target.attr(mqBlockId)];
+      if (!block) { //if no MathQuill data, try parent, if still no, just start from the root
+        target = target.parent();
+        cmd = MathElement[target.attr(mqCmdId)];
+        if (!cmd) {
+          block = MathElement[target.attr(mqBlockId)];
+          if (!block) block = cursor.root;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (cmd)
+      cursor.insRightOf(cmd);
+    else
+      cursor.insAtRightEnd(block);
+
+    return cursor.seekHoriz(pageX, cursor.root);
+  };
+  _.seekHoriz = function(pageX, block) {
+    //move cursor to position closest to click
+    var cursor = this;
+    var dist = offset(cursor).left - pageX;
+    var leftDist;
+
+    do {
+      cursor.moveLeftWithin(block);
+      leftDist = dist;
+      dist = offset(cursor).left - pageX;
+    }
+    while (dist > 0 && (cursor[L] || cursor.parent !== block));
+
+    if (-dist > leftDist) cursor.moveRightWithin(block);
+
+    return cursor;
+  };
+  function offset(self) {
+    //in Opera 11.62, .getBoundingClientRect() and hence jQuery::offset()
+    //returns all 0's on inline elements with negative margin-right (like
+    //the cursor) at the end of their parent, so temporarily remove the
+    //negative margin-right when calling jQuery::offset()
+    //Opera bug DSK-360043
+    //http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/11523
+    //https://github.com/jquery/jquery/pull/717
+    var offset = self.jQ.removeClass('cursor').offset();
+    self.jQ.addClass('cursor');
+    return offset;
+  }
+  _.writeLatex = function(latex) {
+    var self = this;
+    clearUpDownCache(self);
+    self.show().deleteSelection();
+
+    var all = Parser.all;
+    var eof = Parser.eof;
+
+    var block = latexMathParser.skip(eof).or(all.result(false)).parse(latex);
+
+    if (block) {
+      block.children().adopt(self.parent, self[L], self[R]);
+      MathElement.jQize(block.join('html')).insertBefore(self.jQ);
+      self[L] = block.ends[R];
+      block.finalizeInsert();
+      self.parent.bubble('redraw');
+    }
+
+    return this.hide();
+  };
+  _.write = function(ch) {
+    var seln = this.prepareWrite();
+    return this.insertCh(ch, seln);
+  };
+  _.insertCh = function(ch, replacedFragment) {
+    this.parent.write(this, ch, replacedFragment);
+    return this;
+  };
+  _.insertCmd = function(latexCmd, replacedFragment) {
+    var cmd = LatexCmds[latexCmd];
+    if (cmd) {
+      cmd = cmd(latexCmd);
+      if (replacedFragment) cmd.replaces(replacedFragment);
+      cmd.createLeftOf(this);
+    }
+    else {
+      cmd = TextBlock();
+      cmd.replaces(latexCmd);
+      cmd.ends[L].focus = function(){ delete this.focus; return this; };
+      cmd.createLeftOf(this);
+      this.insRightOf(cmd);
+      if (replacedFragment)
+        replacedFragment.remove();
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+  _.unwrapGramp = function() {
+    var gramp = this.parent.parent;
+    var greatgramp = gramp.parent;
+    var rightward = gramp[R];
+    var cursor = this;
+
+    var leftward = gramp[L];
+    gramp.disown().eachChild(function(uncle) {
+      if (uncle.isEmpty()) return;
+
+      uncle.children()
+        .adopt(greatgramp, leftward, rightward)
+        .each(function(cousin) {
+          cousin.jQ.insertBefore(gramp.jQ.first());
+        })
+      ;
+
+      leftward = uncle.ends[R];
+    });
+
+    if (!this[R]) { //then find something to be rightward to insLeftOf
+      if (this[L])
+        this[R] = this[L][R];
+      else {
+        while (!this[R]) {
+          this.parent = this.parent[R];
+          if (this.parent)
+            this[R] = this.parent.ends[L];
+          else {
+            this[R] = gramp[R];
+            this.parent = greatgramp;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (this[R])
+      this.insLeftOf(this[R]);
+    else
+      this.insAtRightEnd(greatgramp);
+
+    gramp.jQ.remove();
+
+    if (gramp[L])
+      gramp[L].respace();
+    if (gramp[R])
+      gramp[R].respace();
+  };
+  _.deleteDir = function(dir) {
+    prayDirection(dir);
+    clearUpDownCache(this);
+    this.show();
+
+    if (this.deleteSelection()); // pass
+    else if (this[dir]) {
+      if (this[dir].isEmpty())
+        this[dir] = this[dir].remove()[dir];
+      else
+        this.selectDir(dir);
+    }
+    else if (this.parent !== this.root) {
+      if (this.parent.parent.isEmpty())
+        return this.insDirOf(-dir, this.parent.parent).deleteDir(dir);
+      else
+        this.unwrapGramp();
+    }
+
+    if (this[L])
+      this[L].respace();
+    if (this[R])
+      this[R].respace();
+    this.parent.bubble('redraw');
+
+    return this;
+  };
+  _.backspace = function() { return this.deleteDir(L); };
+  _.deleteForward = function() { return this.deleteDir(R); };
+  _.selectFrom = function(anticursor) {
+    //find ancestors of each with common parent
+    var oneA = this, otherA = anticursor; //one ancestor, the other ancestor
+    loopThroughAncestors: while (true) {
+      for (var oneI = this; oneI !== oneA.parent.parent; oneI = oneI.parent.parent) //one intermediate, the other intermediate
+        if (oneI.parent === otherA.parent) {
+          left = oneI;
+          right = otherA;
+          break loopThroughAncestors;
+        }
+
+      for (var otherI = anticursor; otherI !== otherA.parent.parent; otherI = otherI.parent.parent)
+        if (oneA.parent === otherI.parent) {
+          left = oneA;
+          right = otherI;
+          break loopThroughAncestors;
+        }
+
+      if (oneA.parent.parent)
+        oneA = oneA.parent.parent;
+      if (otherA.parent.parent)
+        otherA = otherA.parent.parent;
+    }
+    //figure out which is leftward and which is rightward
+    var left, right, leftRight;
+    if (left[R] !== right) {
+      for (var rightward = left; rightward; rightward = rightward[R]) {
+        if (rightward === right[L]) {
+          leftRight = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (!leftRight) {
+        leftRight = right;
+        right = left;
+        left = leftRight;
+      }
+    }
+    this.hide().selection = Selection(left[L][R] || left.parent.ends[L], right[R][L] || right.parent.ends[R]);
+    this.insRightOf(right[R][L] || right.parent.ends[R]);
+    this.root.selectionChanged();
+  };
+  _.selectDir = function(dir) {
+    prayDirection(dir);
+    clearUpDownCache(this);
+
+    if (this.selection) {
+      // if cursor is at the (dir) edge of selection
+      if (this.selection.ends[dir] === this[-dir]) {
+        // then extend (dir) if possible
+        if (this[dir]) this.hopDir(dir).selection.extendDir(dir);
+        // else level up if possible
+        else if (this.parent !== this.root) {
+          this.insDirOf(dir, this.parent.parent).selection.levelUp();
+        }
+      }
+      // else cursor is at the (-dir) edge of selection, retract if possible
+      else {
+        this.hopDir(dir);
+
+        // clear the selection if we only have one thing selected
+        if (this.selection.ends[dir] === this.selection.ends[-dir]) {
+          this.clearSelection().show();
+          return;
+        }
+
+        this.selection.retractDir(dir);
+      }
+    }
+    // no selection, create one
+    else {
+      if (this[dir]) this.hopDir(dir);
+      // else edge of a block
+      else {
+        if (this.parent === this.root) return;
+
+        this.insDirOf(dir, this.parent.parent);
+      }
+
+      this.hide().selection = Selection(this[-dir]);
+    }
+
+    this.root.selectionChanged();
+  };
+  _.selectLeft = function() { return this.selectDir(L); };
+  _.selectRight = function() { return this.selectDir(R); };
+
+  function clearUpDownCache(self) {
+    self.upDownCache = {};
+  }
+
+  _.prepareMove = function() {
+    clearUpDownCache(this);
+    return this.show().clearSelection();
+  };
+  _.prepareEdit = function() {
+    clearUpDownCache(this);
+    return this.show().deleteSelection();
+  };
+  _.prepareWrite = function() {
+    clearUpDownCache(this);
+    return this.show().replaceSelection();
+  };
+
+  _.clearSelection = function() {
+    if (this.selection) {
+      this.selection.clear();
+      delete this.selection;
+      this.root.selectionChanged();
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+  _.deleteSelection = function() {
+    if (!this.selection) return false;
+
+    this[L] = this.selection.ends[L][L];
+    this[R] = this.selection.ends[R][R];
+    this.selection.remove();
+    this.root.selectionChanged();
+    return delete this.selection;
+  };
+  _.replaceSelection = function() {
+    var seln = this.selection;
+    if (seln) {
+      this[L] = seln.ends[L][L];
+      this[R] = seln.ends[R][R];
+      delete this.selection;
+    }
+    return seln;
+  };
+});
+
+var Selection = P(MathFragment, function(_, _super) {
+  _.init = function() {
+    var frag = this;
+    _super.init.apply(frag, arguments);
+
+    frag.jQwrap(frag.jQ);
+  };
+  _.jQwrap = function(children) {
+    this.jQ = children.wrapAll('<span class="selection"></span>').parent();
+      //can't do wrapAll(this.jQ = $(...)) because wrapAll will clone it
+  };
+  _.adopt = function() {
+    this.jQ.replaceWith(this.jQ = this.jQ.children());
+    return _super.adopt.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+  _.clear = function() {
+    this.jQ.replaceWith(this.jQ.children());
+    return this;
+  };
+  _.levelUp = function() {
+    var seln = this,
+      gramp = seln.ends[L] = seln.ends[R] = seln.ends[R].parent.parent;
+    seln.clear().jQwrap(gramp.jQ);
+    return seln;
+  };
+  _.extendDir = function(dir) {
+    prayDirection(dir);
+    this.ends[dir] = this.ends[dir][dir];
+    this.ends[dir].jQ.insAtDirEnd(dir, this.jQ);
+    return this;
+  };
+  _.extendLeft = function() { return this.extendDir(L); };
+  _.extendRight = function() { return this.extendDir(R); };
+
+  _.retractDir = function(dir) {
+    prayDirection(dir);
+    this.ends[-dir].jQ.insDirOf(-dir, this.jQ);
+    this.ends[-dir] = this.ends[-dir][dir];
+  };
+  _.retractRight = function() { return this.retractDir(R); };
+  _.retractLeft = function() { return this.retractDir(L); };
+});
+/*********************************************************
+ * The actual jQuery plugin and document ready handlers.
+ ********************************************************/
+
+//The publicy exposed method of jQuery.prototype, available (and meant to be
+//called) on jQuery-wrapped HTML DOM elements.
+jQuery.fn.mathquill = function(cmd, latex) {
+  switch (cmd) {
+  case 'redraw':
+    return this.each(function() {
+      var blockId = $(this).attr(mqBlockId),
+        rootBlock = blockId && MathElement[blockId];
+      if (rootBlock) {
+        (function postOrderRedraw(el) {
+          el.eachChild(postOrderRedraw);
+          if (el.redraw) el.redraw();
+        }(rootBlock));
+      }
+    });
+  case 'revert':
+    return this.each(function() {
+      var blockId = $(this).attr(mqBlockId),
+        block = blockId && MathElement[blockId];
+      if (block && block.revert)
+        block.revert();
+    });
+  case 'latex':
+    if (arguments.length > 1) {
+      return this.each(function() {
+        var blockId = $(this).attr(mqBlockId),
+          block = blockId && MathElement[blockId];
+        if (block)
+          block.renderLatex(latex);
+      });
+    }
+
+    var blockId = $(this).attr(mqBlockId),
+      block = blockId && MathElement[blockId];
+    return block && block.latex();
+  case 'text':
+    var blockId = $(this).attr(mqBlockId),
+      block = blockId && MathElement[blockId];
+    return block && block.text();
+  case 'html':
+    return this.html().replace(/ ?hasCursor|hasCursor /, '')
+      .replace(/ class=(""|(?= |>))/g, '')
+      .replace(/<span class="?cursor( blink)?"?><\/span>/i, '')
+      .replace(/<span class="?textarea"?><textarea><\/textarea><\/span>/i, '');
+  case 'write':
+    if (arguments.length > 1)
+      return this.each(function() {
+        var blockId = $(this).attr(mqBlockId),
+          block = blockId && MathElement[blockId],
+          cursor = block && block.cursor;
+
+        if (cursor)
+          cursor.writeLatex(latex).parent.blur();
+      });
+  case 'cmd':
+    if (arguments.length > 1)
+      return this.each(function() {
+        var blockId = $(this).attr(mqBlockId),
+          block = blockId && MathElement[blockId],
+          cursor = block && block.cursor;
+
+        if (cursor) {
+          var seln = cursor.prepareWrite();
+          if (/^\\[a-z]+$/i.test(latex)) cursor.insertCmd(latex.slice(1), seln);
+          else cursor.insertCh(latex, seln);
+          cursor.hide().parent.blur();
+        }
+      });
+  default:
+    var textbox = cmd === 'textbox',
+      editable = textbox || cmd === 'editable',
+      RootBlock = textbox ? RootTextBlock : RootMathBlock;
+    return this.each(function() {
+      createRoot($(this), RootBlock(), textbox, editable);
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+//on document ready, mathquill-ify all `<tag class="mathquill-*">latex</tag>`
+//elements according to their CSS class.
+jQuery(function() {
+  jQuery('.mathquill-editable:not(.mathquill-rendered-math)').mathquill('editable');
+  jQuery('.mathquill-textbox:not(.mathquill-rendered-math)').mathquill('textbox');
+  jQuery('.mathquill-embedded-latex').mathquill();
+});
+
+
+}());