maglev-database-explorer 0.0.1

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Files changed (688) hide show
  1. data/MIT-LICENSE +21 -0
  2. data/README.rdoc +3 -0
  3. data/Rakefile +40 -0
  4. data/app/assets/javascripts/maglev-database-explorer/application.js +17 -0
  5. data/app/assets/javascripts/maglev_database_explorer/def.js +2 -0
  6. data/app/assets/stylesheets/maglev-database-explorer/application.css +13 -0
  7. data/app/assets/stylesheets/maglev_database_explorer/def.css +4 -0
  8. data/app/controllers/maglev_database_explorer/application_controller.rb +4 -0
  9. data/app/controllers/maglev_database_explorer/code_controller.rb +101 -0
  10. data/app/controllers/maglev_database_explorer/object_controller.rb +60 -0
  11. data/app/controllers/maglev_database_explorer/object_explorer_controller.rb +9 -0
  12. data/app/helpers/maglev_database_explorer/application_helper.rb +4 -0
  13. data/app/views/layouts/maglev-database-explorer/application.html.erb +14 -0
  14. data/app/views/maglev_database_explorer/object_explorer/_workspace.html.erb +28 -0
  15. data/app/views/maglev_database_explorer/object_explorer/index.html.erb +92 -0
  16. data/config/routes.rb +15 -0
  17. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer.rb +17 -0
  18. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/code_evaluation.rb +36 -0
  19. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views.rb +29 -0
  20. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/abstract_dictionary.rb +69 -0
  21. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/abstract_exception.rb +25 -0
  22. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/array.rb +28 -0
  23. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/boolean.rb +12 -0
  24. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/class.rb +46 -0
  25. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/exception.rb +3 -0
  26. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/execblock.rb +5 -0
  27. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/fixnum.rb +5 -0
  28. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/float.rb +6 -0
  29. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/globals.rb +2 -0
  30. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/gsnmethod.rb +29 -0
  31. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/hash.rb +5 -0
  32. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/maglev_record.rb +43 -0
  33. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/module.rb +104 -0
  34. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/nilclass.rb +6 -0
  35. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/object.rb +77 -0
  36. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/proc.rb +4 -0
  37. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/repository.rb +4 -0
  38. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/ruby_workspace.rb +6 -0
  39. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/smalltalk_classes.rb +35 -0
  40. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/smalltalk_classes.st +60 -0
  41. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/string.rb +27 -0
  42. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/symbol.rb +33 -0
  43. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/system.rb +48 -0
  44. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/database_views/thread.rb +101 -0
  45. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/debug_server.rb +22 -0
  46. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/engine.rb +23 -0
  47. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/engine_symlinks.rb +19 -0
  48. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/halt.rb +33 -0
  49. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/ruby_workspace.rb +31 -0
  50. data/lib/maglev-database-explorer/version.rb +3 -0
  51. data/lib/tasks/maglev-database-explorer_tasks.rake +4 -0
  52. data/public/LICENSE +35 -0
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+ <!doctype html>
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+ <html>
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+ <head>
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+ <meta charset="utf-8">
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+ <title>CodeMirror: User Manual</title>
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Droid+Sans|Droid+Sans:bold">
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docs.css">
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+ <style>dl dl {margin: 0;}</style>
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+ <script src="../lib/codemirror.js"></script>
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../lib/codemirror.css">
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+ <script src="../addon/runmode/runmode.js"></script>
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+ <script src="../addon/runmode/colorize.js"></script>
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+ <script src="../mode/javascript/javascript.js"></script>
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+ <script src="../mode/xml/xml.js"></script>
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+ <script src="../mode/css/css.js"></script>
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+ <script src="../mode/htmlmixed/htmlmixed.js"></script>
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+ <style>
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+ dt { text-indent: -1.5em; padding-left: 1.5em; }
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+ </style>
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+ </head>
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+ <body>
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+
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+ <h1><span class="logo-braces">{ }</span> <a href="http://codemirror.net/">CodeMirror</a></h1>
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+
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+ <div class="grey">
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+ <img src="baboon.png" class="logo" alt="logo">
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+ <pre>
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+ /* User manual and
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+ reference guide */
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <div class="clear"><div class="leftbig blk">
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+
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+ <h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
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+
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+ <p>CodeMirror is a code-editor component that can be embedded in
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+ Web pages. The core library provides <em>only</em> the editor
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+ component, no accompanying buttons, auto-completion, or other IDE
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+ functionality. It does provide a rich API on top of which such
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+ functionality can be straightforwardly implemented. See
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+ the <a href="#addons">add-ons</a> included in the distribution,
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+ and
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+ the <a href="https://github.com/jagthedrummer/codemirror-ui">CodeMirror
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+ UI</a> project, for reusable implementations of extra features.</p>
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+
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+ <p>CodeMirror works with language-specific modes. Modes are
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+ JavaScript programs that help color (and optionally indent) text
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+ written in a given language. The distribution comes with a number
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+ of modes (see the <a href="../mode/"><code>mode/</code></a>
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+ directory), and it isn't hard to <a href="#modeapi">write new
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+ ones</a> for other languages.</p>
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+
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+ <h2 id="usage">Basic Usage</h2>
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+
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+ <p>The easiest way to use CodeMirror is to simply load the script
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+ and style sheet found under <code>lib/</code> in the distribution,
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+ plus a mode script from one of the <code>mode/</code> directories.
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+ (See <a href="compress.html">the compression helper</a> for an
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+ easy way to combine scripts.) For example:</p>
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+
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+ <pre data-lang="text/html">&lt;script src="lib/codemirror.js">&lt;/script>
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+ &lt;link rel="stylesheet" href="../lib/codemirror.css">
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+ &lt;script src="mode/javascript/javascript.js">&lt;/script></pre>
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+
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+ <p>Having done this, an editor instance can be created like
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+ this:</p>
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+
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+ <pre data-lang="javascript">var myCodeMirror = CodeMirror(document.body);</pre>
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+
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+ <p>The editor will be appended to the document body, will start
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+ empty, and will use the mode that we loaded. To have more control
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+ over the new editor, a configuration object can be passed
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+ to <code>CodeMirror</code> as a second argument:</p>
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+
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+ <pre data-lang="javascript">var myCodeMirror = CodeMirror(document.body, {
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+ value: "function myScript(){return 100;}\n",
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+ mode: "javascript"
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+ });</pre>
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+
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+ <p>This will initialize the editor with a piece of code already in
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+ it, and explicitly tell it to use the JavaScript mode (which is
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+ useful when multiple modes are loaded).
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+ See <a href="#config">below</a> for a full discussion of the
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+ configuration options that CodeMirror accepts.</p>
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+
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+ <p>In cases where you don't want to append the editor to an
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+ element, and need more control over the way it is inserted, the
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+ first argument to the <code>CodeMirror</code> function can also
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+ be a function that, when given a DOM element, inserts it into the
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+ document somewhere. This could be used to, for example, replace a
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+ textarea with a real editor:</p>
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+
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+ <pre data-lang="javascript">var myCodeMirror = CodeMirror(function(elt) {
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+ myTextArea.parentNode.replaceChild(elt, myTextArea);
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+ }, {value: myTextArea.value});</pre>
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+
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+ <p>However, for this use case, which is a common way to use
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+ CodeMirror, the library provides a much more powerful
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+ shortcut:</p>
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+
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+ <pre data-lang="javascript">var myCodeMirror = CodeMirror.fromTextArea(myTextArea);</pre>
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+
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+ <p>This will, among other things, ensure that the textarea's value
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+ is updated with the editor's contents when the form (if it is part
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+ of a form) is submitted. See the <a href="#fromTextArea">API
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+ reference</a> for a full description of this method.</p>
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+
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+ <h2 id="config">Configuration</h2>
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+
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+ <p>Both the <code>CodeMirror</code> function and
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+ its <code>fromTextArea</code> method take as second (optional)
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+ argument an object containing configuration options. Any option
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+ not supplied like this will be taken
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+ from <code>CodeMirror.defaults</code>, an object containing the
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+ default options. You can update this object to change the defaults
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+ on your page.</p>
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+
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+ <p>Options are not checked in any way, so setting bogus option
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+ values is bound to lead to odd errors.</p>
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+
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+ <p>These are the supported options:</p>
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+
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+ <dl>
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+ <dt id="option_value"><code><strong>value</strong>: string|CodeMirror.Doc</code></dt>
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+ <dd>The starting value of the editor. Can be a string, or
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+ a <a href="#api_doc">document object</a>.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_mode"><code><strong>mode</strong>: string|object</code></dt>
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+ <dd>The mode to use. When not given, this will default to the
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+ first mode that was loaded. It may be a string, which either
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+ simply names the mode or is
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+ a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME">MIME</a> type
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+ associated with the mode. Alternatively, it may be an object
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+ containing configuration options for the mode, with
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+ a <code>name</code> property that names the mode (for
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+ example <code>{name: "javascript", json: true}</code>). The demo
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+ pages for each mode contain information about what configuration
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+ parameters the mode supports. You can ask CodeMirror which modes
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+ and MIME types have been defined by inspecting
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+ the <code>CodeMirror.modes</code>
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+ and <code>CodeMirror.mimeModes</code> objects. The first maps
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+ mode names to their constructors, and the second maps MIME types
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+ to mode specs.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_theme"><code><strong>theme</strong>: string</code></dt>
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+ <dd>The theme to style the editor with. You must make sure the
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+ CSS file defining the corresponding <code>.cm-s-[name]</code>
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+ styles is loaded (see
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+ the <a href="../theme/"><code>theme</code></a> directory in the
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+ distribution). The default is <code>"default"</code>, for which
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+ colors are included in <code>codemirror.css</code>. It is
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+ possible to use multiple theming classes at once—for
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+ example <code>"foo bar"</code> will assign both
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+ the <code>cm-s-foo</code> and the <code>cm-s-bar</code> classes
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+ to the editor.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_indentUnit"><code><strong>indentUnit</strong>: integer</code></dt>
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+ <dd>How many spaces a block (whatever that means in the edited
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+ language) should be indented. The default is 2.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_smartIndent"><code><strong>smartIndent</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Whether to use the context-sensitive indentation that the
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+ mode provides (or just indent the same as the line before).
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+ Defaults to true.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_tabSize"><code><strong>tabSize</strong>: integer</code></dt>
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+ <dd>The width of a tab character. Defaults to 4.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_indentWithTabs"><code><strong>indentWithTabs</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Whether, when indenting, the first N*<code>tabSize</code>
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+ spaces should be replaced by N tabs. Default is false.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_electricChars"><code><strong>electricChars</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Configures whether the editor should re-indent the current
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+ line when a character is typed that might change its proper
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+ indentation (only works if the mode supports indentation).
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+ Default is true.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_rtlMoveVisually"><code><strong>rtlMoveVisually</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Determines whether horizontal cursor movement through
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+ right-to-left (Arabic, Hebrew) text is visual (pressing the left
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+ arrow moves the cursor left) or logical (pressing the left arrow
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+ moves to the next lower index in the string, which is visually
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+ right in right-to-left text). The default is <code>false</code>
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+ on Windows, and <code>true</code> on other platforms.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_keyMap"><code><strong>keyMap</strong>: string</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Configures the keymap to use. The default
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+ is <code>"default"</code>, which is the only keymap defined
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+ in <code>codemirror.js</code> itself. Extra keymaps are found in
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+ the <a href="../keymap/"><code>keymap</code></a> directory. See
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+ the <a href="#keymaps">section on keymaps</a> for more
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+ information.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_extraKeys"><code><strong>extraKeys</strong>: object</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Can be used to specify extra keybindings for the editor,
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+ alongside the ones defined
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+ by <a href="#option_keyMap"><code>keyMap</code></a>. Should be
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+ either null, or a valid <a href="#keymaps">keymap</a> value.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_lineWrapping"><code><strong>lineWrapping</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Whether CodeMirror should scroll or wrap for long lines.
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+ Defaults to <code>false</code> (scroll).</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_lineNumbers"><code><strong>lineNumbers</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Whether to show line numbers to the left of the editor.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_firstLineNumber"><code><strong>firstLineNumber</strong>: integer</code></dt>
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+ <dd>At which number to start counting lines. Default is 1.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_lineNumberFormatter"><code><strong>lineNumberFormatter</strong>: function(line: integer) → string</code></dt>
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+ <dd>A function used to format line numbers. The function is
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+ passed the line number, and should return a string that will be
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+ shown in the gutter.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_gutters"><code><strong>gutters</strong>: array&lt;string&gt;</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Can be used to add extra gutters (beyond or instead of the
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+ line number gutter). Should be an array of CSS class names, each
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+ of which defines a <code>width</code> (and optionally a
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+ background), and which will be used to draw the background of
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+ the gutters. <em>May</em> include
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+ the <code>CodeMirror-linenumbers</code> class, in order to
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+ explicitly set the position of the line number gutter (it will
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+ default to be to the right of all other gutters). These class
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+ names are the keys passed
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+ to <a href="#setGutterMarker"><code>setGutterMarker</code></a>.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_fixedGutter"><code><strong>fixedGutter</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Determines whether the gutter scrolls along with the content
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+ horizontally (false) or whether it stays fixed during horizontal
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+ scrolling (true, the default).</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_readOnly"><code><strong>readOnly</strong>: boolean|string</code></dt>
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+ <dd>This disables editing of the editor content by the user. If
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+ the special value <code>"nocursor"</code> is given (instead of
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+ simply <code>true</code>), focusing of the editor is also
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+ disallowed.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_showCursorWhenSelecting"><code><strong>showCursorWhenSelecting</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Whether the cursor should be drawn when a selection is
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+ active. Defaults to false.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_undoDepth"><code><strong>undoDepth</strong>: integer</code></dt>
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+ <dd>The maximum number of undo levels that the editor stores.
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+ Defaults to 40.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_historyEventDelay"><code><strong>historyEventDelay</strong>: integer</code></dt>
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+ <dd>The period of inactivity (in milliseconds) that will cause a
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+ new history event to be started when typing or deleting.
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+ Defaults to 500.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_tabindex"><code><strong>tabindex</strong>: integer</code></dt>
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+ <dd>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">tab
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+ index</a> to assign to the editor. If not given, no tab index
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+ will be assigned.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_autofocus"><code><strong>autofocus</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Can be used to make CodeMirror focus itself on
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+ initialization. Defaults to off.
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+ When <a href="#fromTextArea"><code>fromTextArea</code></a> is
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+ used, and no explicit value is given for this option, it will be
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+ set to true when either the source textarea is focused, or it
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+ has an <code>autofocus</code> attribute and no other element is
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+ focused.</dd>
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+ </dl>
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+
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+ <p>Below this a few more specialized, low-level options are
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+ listed. These are only useful in very specific situations, you
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+ might want to skip them the first time you read this manual.</p>
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+
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+ <dl>
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+ <dt id="option_dragDrop"><code><strong>dragDrop</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Controls whether drag-and-drop is enabled. On by default.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_onDragEvent"><code><strong>onDragEvent</strong>: function(instance: CodeMirror, event: Event) → boolean</code></dt>
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+ <dd>When given, this will be called when the editor is handling
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+ a <code>dragenter</code>, <code>dragover</code>,
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+ or <code>drop</code> event. It will be passed the editor instance
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+ and the event object as arguments. The callback can choose to
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+ handle the event itself, in which case it should
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+ return <code>true</code> to indicate that CodeMirror should not
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+ do anything further.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_onKeyEvent"><code><strong>onKeyEvent</strong>: function(instance: CodeMirror, event: Event) → boolean</code></dt>
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+ <dd>This provides a rather low-level hook into CodeMirror's key
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+ handling. If provided, this function will be called on
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+ every <code>keydown</code>, <code>keyup</code>,
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+ and <code>keypress</code> event that CodeMirror captures. It
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+ will be passed two arguments, the editor instance and the key
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+ event. This key event is pretty much the raw key event, except
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+ that a <code>stop()</code> method is always added to it. You
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+ could feed it to, for example, <code>jQuery.Event</code> to
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+ further normalize it.<br>This function can inspect the key
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+ event, and handle it if it wants to. It may return true to tell
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+ CodeMirror to ignore the event. Be wary that, on some browsers,
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+ stopping a <code>keydown</code> does not stop
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+ the <code>keypress</code> from firing, whereas on others it
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+ does. If you respond to an event, you should probably inspect
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+ its <code>type</code> property and only do something when it
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+ is <code>keydown</code> (or <code>keypress</code> for actions
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+ that need character data).</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_cursorBlinkRate"><code><strong>cursorBlinkRate</strong>: number</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Half-period in milliseconds used for cursor blinking. The default blink
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+ rate is 530ms.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_cursorHeight"><code><strong>cursorHeight</strong>: number</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Determines the height of the cursor. Default is 1, meaning
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+ it spans the whole height of the line. For some fonts (and by
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+ some tastes) a smaller height (for example <code>0.85</code>),
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+ which causes the cursor to not reach all the way to the bottom
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+ of the line, looks better</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_workTime"><code><strong>workTime</strong>, <strong>workDelay</strong>: number</code></dt>
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+ <dd>Highlighting is done by a pseudo background-thread that will
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+ work for <code>workTime</code> milliseconds, and then use
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+ timeout to sleep for <code>workDelay</code> milliseconds. The
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+ defaults are 200 and 300, you can change these options to make
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+ the highlighting more or less aggressive.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_workDelay"><code><strong>workDelay</strong>: number</code></dt>
323
+ <dd>See <a href="#option_workTime"><code>workTime</code></a>.</dd>
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+
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+ <dt id="option_pollInterval"><code><strong>pollInterval</strong>: number</code></dt>
326
+ <dd>Indicates how quickly CodeMirror should poll its input
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+ textarea for changes (when focused). Most input is captured by
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+ events, but some things, like IME input on some browsers, don't
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+ generate events that allow CodeMirror to properly detect it.
330
+ Thus, it polls. Default is 100 milliseconds.</dd>
331
+
332
+ <dt id="option_flattenSpans"><code><strong>flattenSpans</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
333
+ <dd>By default, CodeMirror will combine adjacent tokens into a
334
+ single span if they have the same class. This will result in a
335
+ simpler DOM tree, and thus perform better. With some kinds of
336
+ styling (such as rounded corners), this will change the way the
337
+ document looks. You can set this option to false to disable this
338
+ behavior.</dd>
339
+
340
+ <dt id="option_maxHighlightLength"><code><strong>maxHighlightLength</strong>: number</code></dt>
341
+ <dd>When highlighting long lines, in order to stay responsive,
342
+ the editor will give up and simply style the rest of the line as
343
+ plain text when it reaches a certain position. The default is
344
+ 10000. You can set this to <code>Infinity</code> to turn off
345
+ this behavior.</dd>
346
+
347
+ <dt id="option_viewportMargin"><code><strong>viewportMargin</strong>: integer</code></dt>
348
+ <dd>Specifies the amount of lines that are rendered above and
349
+ below the part of the document that's currently scrolled into
350
+ view. This affects the amount of updates needed when scrolling,
351
+ and the amount of work that such an update does. You should
352
+ usually leave it at its default, 10. Can be set
353
+ to <code>Infinity</code> to make sure the whole document is
354
+ always rendered, and thus the browser's text search works on it.
355
+ This <em>will</em> have bad effects on performance of big
356
+ documents.</dd>
357
+ </dl>
358
+
359
+ <h2 id="events">Events</h2>
360
+
361
+ <p>A CodeMirror instance emits a number of events, which allow
362
+ client code to react to various situations. These are registered
363
+ with the <a href="#on"><code>on</code></a> method (and
364
+ removed with the <a href="#off"><code>off</code></a>
365
+ method). These are the events that fire on the instance object.
366
+ The name of the event is followed by the arguments that will be
367
+ passed to the handler. The <code>instance</code> argument always
368
+ refers to the editor instance.</p>
369
+
370
+ <dl>
371
+ <dt id="event_change"><code><strong>"change"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, changeObj: object)</code></dt>
372
+ <dd>Fires every time the content of the editor is changed.
373
+ The <code>changeObj</code> is a <code>{from, to, text, removed,
374
+ next}</code> object containing information about the changes
375
+ that occurred as second argument. <code>from</code>
376
+ and <code>to</code> are the positions (in the pre-change
377
+ coordinate system) where the change started and ended (for
378
+ example, it might be <code>{ch:0, line:18}</code> if the
379
+ position is at the beginning of line #19). <code>text</code> is
380
+ an array of strings representing the text that replaced the
381
+ changed range (split by line). <code>removed</code> is the text
382
+ that used to be between <code>from</code> and <code>to</code>,
383
+ which is overwritten by this change. If multiple changes
384
+ happened during a single operation, the object will have
385
+ a <code>next</code> property pointing to another change object
386
+ (which may point to another, etc).</dd>
387
+
388
+ <dt id="event_beforeChange"><code><strong>"beforeChange"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, changeObj: object)</code></dt>
389
+ <dd>This event is fired before a change is applied, and its
390
+ handler may choose to modify or cancel the change.
391
+ The <code>changeObj</code> object
392
+ has <code>from</code>, <code>to</code>, and <code>text</code>
393
+ properties, as with
394
+ the <a href="#event_change"><code>"change"</code></a> event, but
395
+ never a <code>next</code> property, since this is fired for each
396
+ individual change, and not batched per operation. It also
397
+ has <code>update(from, to, text)</code>
398
+ and <code>cancel()</code> methods, which may be used to modify
399
+ or cancel the change. All three arguments to <code>update</code>
400
+ are optional, and can be left off to leave the existing value
401
+ for that field intact. <strong>Note:</strong> you may not do
402
+ anything from a <code>"beforeChange"</code> handler that would
403
+ cause changes to the document or its visualization. Doing so
404
+ will, since this handler is called directly from the bowels of
405
+ the CodeMirror implementation, probably cause the editor to
406
+ become corrupted.</dd>
407
+
408
+ <dt id="event_cursorActivity"><code><strong>"cursorActivity"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror)</code></dt>
409
+ <dd>Will be fired when the cursor or selection moves, or any
410
+ change is made to the editor content.</dd>
411
+
412
+ <dt id="event_beforeSelectionChange"><code><strong>"beforeSelectionChange"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, selection: {head, anchor})</code></dt>
413
+ <dd>This event is fired before the selection is moved. Its
414
+ handler may modify the resulting selection head and anchor.
415
+ The <code>selection</code> parameter is an object
416
+ with <code>head</code> and <code>anchor</code> properties
417
+ holding <code>{line, ch}</code> objects, which the handler can
418
+ read and update. Handlers for this event have the same
419
+ restriction
420
+ as <a href="#event_beforeChange"><code>"beforeChange"</code></a>
421
+ handlers — they should not do anything to directly update the
422
+ state of the editor.</dd>
423
+
424
+ <dt id="event_viewportChange"><code><strong>"viewportChange"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, from: number, to: number)</code></dt>
425
+ <dd>Fires whenever the <a href="#getViewport">view port</a> of
426
+ the editor changes (due to scrolling, editing, or any other
427
+ factor). The <code>from</code> and <code>to</code> arguments
428
+ give the new start and end of the viewport.</dd>
429
+
430
+ <dt id="event_gutterClick"><code><strong>"gutterClick"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, line: integer, gutter: string, clickEvent: Event)</code></dt>
431
+ <dd>Fires when the editor gutter (the line-number area) is
432
+ clicked. Will pass the editor instance as first argument, the
433
+ (zero-based) number of the line that was clicked as second
434
+ argument, the CSS class of the gutter that was clicked as third
435
+ argument, and the raw <code>mousedown</code> event object as
436
+ fourth argument.</dd>
437
+
438
+ <dt id="event_focus"><code><strong>"focus"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror)</code></dt>
439
+ <dd>Fires whenever the editor is focused.</dd>
440
+
441
+ <dt id="event_blur"><code><strong>"blur"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror)</code></dt>
442
+ <dd>Fires whenever the editor is unfocused.</dd>
443
+
444
+ <dt id="event_scroll"><code><strong>"scroll"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror)</code></dt>
445
+ <dd>Fires when the editor is scrolled.</dd>
446
+
447
+ <dt id="event_update"><code><strong>"update"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror)</code></dt>
448
+ <dd>Will be fired whenever CodeMirror updates its DOM display.</dd>
449
+
450
+ <dt id="event_renderLine"><code><strong>"renderLine"</strong> (instance: CodeMirror, line: integer, element: Element)</code></dt>
451
+ <dd>Fired whenever a line is (re-)rendered to the DOM. Fired
452
+ right after the DOM element is built, <em>before</em> it is
453
+ added to the document. The handler may mess with the style of
454
+ the resulting element, or add event handlers, but
455
+ should <em>not</em> try to change the state of the editor.</dd>
456
+ </dl>
457
+
458
+ <p>It is also possible to <a href="#on">register</a> events on
459
+ other objects. Use <code>CodeMirror.on(handle, "eventName",
460
+ func)</code> to register handlers on objects that don't have their
461
+ own <code>on</code> method. Document objects (instances
462
+ of <a href="#Doc"><code>CodeMirror.Doc</code></a>) emit the
463
+ following events:</p>
464
+
465
+ <dl>
466
+ <dt id="event_doc_change"><code><strong>"change"</strong> (doc: CodeMirror.Doc, changeObj: object)</code></dt>
467
+ <dd>Fired whenever a change occurs to the
468
+ document. <code>changeObj</code> has a similar type as the
469
+ object passed to the
470
+ editor's <a href="#event_change"><code>"change"</code></a>
471
+ event, but it never has a <code>next</code> property, because
472
+ document change events are not batched (whereas editor change
473
+ events are).</dd>
474
+
475
+ <dt id="event_doc_beforeChange"><code><strong>"beforeChange"</strong> (doc: CodeMirror.Doc, change: object)</code></dt>
476
+ <dd>See the <a href="#event_beforeChange">description of the
477
+ same event</a> on editor instances.</dd>
478
+
479
+ <dt id="event_doc_cursorActivity"><code><strong>"cursorActivity"</strong> (doc: CodeMirror.Doc)</code></dt>
480
+ <dd>Fired whenever the cursor or selection in this document
481
+ changes.</dd>
482
+
483
+ <dt id="event_doc_beforeSelectionChange"><code><strong>"beforeSelectionChange"</strong> (doc: CodeMirror.Doc, selection: {head, anchor})</code></dt>
484
+ <dd>Equivalent to
485
+ the <a href="#event_beforeSelectionChange">event by the same
486
+ name</a> as fired on editor instances.</dd>
487
+ </dl>
488
+
489
+ <p>Line handles (as returned by, for
490
+ example, <a href="#getLineHandle"><code>getLineHandle</code></a>)
491
+ support these events:</p>
492
+
493
+ <dl>
494
+ <dt id="event_delete"><code><strong>"delete"</strong> ()</code></dt>
495
+ <dd>Will be fired when the line object is deleted. A line object
496
+ is associated with the <em>start</em> of the line. Mostly useful
497
+ when you need to find out when your <a href="#setGutterMarker">gutter
498
+ markers</a> on a given line are removed.</dd>
499
+ <dt id="event_line_change"><code><strong>"change"</strong> (line: LineHandle, changeObj: object)</code></dt>
500
+ <dd>Fires when the line's text content is changed in any way
501
+ (but the line is not deleted outright). The <code>change</code>
502
+ object is similar to the one passed
503
+ to <a href="#event_change">change event</a> on the editor
504
+ object.</dd>
505
+ </dl>
506
+
507
+ <p>Marked range handles (<code>CodeMirror.TextMarker</code>), as returned
508
+ by <a href="#markText"><code>markText</code></a>
509
+ and <a href="#setBookmark"><code>setBookmark</code></a>, emit the
510
+ following events:</p>
511
+
512
+ <dl>
513
+ <dt id="event_beforeCursorEnter"><code><strong>"beforeCursorEnter"</strong> ()</code></dt>
514
+ <dd>Fired when the cursor enters the marked range. From this
515
+ event handler, the editor state may be inspected
516
+ but <em>not</em> modified, with the exception that the range on
517
+ which the event fires may be cleared.</dd>
518
+ <dt id="event_clear"><code><strong>"clear"</strong> ()</code></dt>
519
+ <dd>Fired when the range is cleared, either through cursor
520
+ movement in combination
521
+ with <a href="#mark_clearOnEnter"><code>clearOnEnter</code></a>
522
+ or through a call to its <code>clear()</code> method. Will only
523
+ be fired once per handle. Note that deleting the range through
524
+ text editing does not fire this event, because an undo
525
+ action might bring the range back into existence.</dd>
526
+ <dt id="event_hide"><code><strong>"hide"</strong> ()</code></dt>
527
+ <dd>Fired when the last part of the marker is removed from the
528
+ document by editing operations.</dd>
529
+ <dt id="event_unhide"><code><strong>"unhide"</strong> ()</code></dt>
530
+ <dd>Fired when, after the marker was removed by editing, a undo
531
+ operation brought the marker back.</dd>
532
+ </dl>
533
+
534
+ <p>Line widgets (<code>CodeMirror.LineWidget</code>), returned
535
+ by <a href="#addLineWidget"><code>addLineWidget</code></a>, fire
536
+ these events:</p>
537
+
538
+ <dl>
539
+ <dt id="event_redraw"><code><strong>"redraw"</strong> ()</code></dt>
540
+ <dd>Fired whenever the editor re-adds the widget to the DOM.
541
+ This will happen once right after the widget is added (if it is
542
+ scrolled into view), and then again whenever it is scrolled out
543
+ of view and back in again, or when changes to the editor options
544
+ or the line the widget is on require the widget to be
545
+ redrawn.</dd>
546
+ </dl>
547
+
548
+ <h2 id="keymaps">Keymaps</h2>
549
+
550
+ <p>Keymaps are ways to associate keys with functionality. A keymap
551
+ is an object mapping strings that identify the keys to functions
552
+ that implement their functionality.</p>
553
+
554
+ <p>Keys are identified either by name or by character.
555
+ The <code>CodeMirror.keyNames</code> object defines names for
556
+ common keys and associates them with their key codes. Examples of
557
+ names defined here are <code>Enter</code>, <code>F5</code>,
558
+ and <code>Q</code>. These can be prefixed
559
+ with <code>Shift-</code>, <code>Cmd-</code>, <code>Ctrl-</code>,
560
+ and <code>Alt-</code> (in that order!) to specify a modifier. So
561
+ for example, <code>Shift-Ctrl-Space</code> would be a valid key
562
+ identifier.</p>
563
+
564
+ <p>Common example: map the Tab key to insert spaces instead of a tab
565
+ character.</p>
566
+
567
+ <pre data-lang="javascript">
568
+ {
569
+ Tab: function(cm) {
570
+ var spaces = Array(cm.getOption("indentUnit") + 1).join(" ");
571
+ cm.replaceSelection(spaces, "end", "+input");
572
+ }
573
+ }</pre>
574
+
575
+ <p>Alternatively, a character can be specified directly by
576
+ surrounding it in single quotes, for example <code>'$'</code>
577
+ or <code>'q'</code>. Due to limitations in the way browsers fire
578
+ key events, these may not be prefixed with modifiers.</p>
579
+
580
+ <p>The <code>CodeMirror.keyMap</code> object associates keymaps
581
+ with names. User code and keymap definitions can assign extra
582
+ properties to this object. Anywhere where a keymap is expected, a
583
+ string can be given, which will be looked up in this object. It
584
+ also contains the <code>"default"</code> keymap holding the
585
+ default bindings.</p>
586
+
587
+ <p id="commands">The values of properties in keymaps can be either functions of
588
+ a single argument (the CodeMirror instance), strings, or
589
+ <code>false</code>. Such strings refer to properties of the
590
+ <code>CodeMirror.commands</code> object, which defines a number of
591
+ common commands that are used by the default keybindings, and maps
592
+ them to functions. If the property is set to <code>false</code>,
593
+ CodeMirror leaves handling of the key up to the browser. A key
594
+ handler function may return <code>CodeMirror.Pass</code> to indicate
595
+ that it has decided not to handle the key, and other handlers (or
596
+ the default behavior) should be given a turn.</p>
597
+
598
+ <p>Keys mapped to command names that start with the
599
+ characters <code>"go"</code> (which should be used for
600
+ cursor-movement actions) will be fired even when an
601
+ extra <code>Shift</code> modifier is present (i.e. <code>"Up":
602
+ "goLineUp"</code> matches both up and shift-up). This is used to
603
+ easily implement shift-selection.</p>
604
+
605
+ <p>Keymaps can defer to each other by defining
606
+ a <code>fallthrough</code> property. This indicates that when a
607
+ key is not found in the map itself, one or more other maps should
608
+ be searched. It can hold either a single keymap or an array of
609
+ keymaps.</p>
610
+
611
+ <p>When a keymap contains a <code>nofallthrough</code> property
612
+ set to <code>true</code>, keys matched against that map will be
613
+ ignored if they don't match any of the bindings in the map (no
614
+ further child maps will be tried, and the default effect of
615
+ inserting a character will not occur).</p>
616
+
617
+ <h2 id="styling">Customized Styling</h2>
618
+
619
+ <p>Up to a certain extent, CodeMirror's look can be changed by
620
+ modifying style sheet files. The style sheets supplied by modes
621
+ simply provide the colors for that mode, and can be adapted in a
622
+ very straightforward way. To style the editor itself, it is
623
+ possible to alter or override the styles defined
624
+ in <a href="../lib/codemirror.css"><code>codemirror.css</code></a>.</p>
625
+
626
+ <p>Some care must be taken there, since a lot of the rules in this
627
+ file are necessary to have CodeMirror function properly. Adjusting
628
+ colors should be safe, of course, and with some care a lot of
629
+ other things can be changed as well. The CSS classes defined in
630
+ this file serve the following roles:</p>
631
+
632
+ <dl>
633
+ <dt id="class_CodeMirror"><code><strong>CodeMirror</strong></code></dt>
634
+ <dd>The outer element of the editor. This should be used for the
635
+ editor width, height, borders and positioning. Can also be used
636
+ to set styles that should hold for everything inside the editor
637
+ (such as font and font size), or to set a background.</dd>
638
+
639
+ <dt id="class_CodeMirror_scroll"><code><strong>CodeMirror-scroll</strong></code></dt>
640
+ <dd>Whether the editor scrolls (<code>overflow: auto</code> +
641
+ fixed height). By default, it does. Setting
642
+ the <code>CodeMirror</code> class to have <code>height:
643
+ auto</code> and giving this class <code>overflow-x: auto;
644
+ overflow-y: hidden;</code> will cause the editor
645
+ to <a href="../demo/resize.html">resize to fit its
646
+ content</a>.</dd>
647
+
648
+ <dt id="class_CodeMirror_focused"><code><strong>CodeMirror-focused</strong></code></dt>
649
+ <dd>Whenever the editor is focused, the top element gets this
650
+ class. This is used to hide the cursor and give the selection a
651
+ different color when the editor is not focused.</dd>
652
+
653
+ <dt id="class_CodeMirror_gutters"><code><strong>CodeMirror-gutters</strong></code></dt>
654
+ <dd>This is the backdrop for all gutters. Use it to set the
655
+ default gutter background color, and optionally add a border on
656
+ the right of the gutters.</dd>
657
+
658
+ <dt id="class_CodeMirror_linenumbers"><code><strong>CodeMirror-linenumbers</strong></code></dt>
659
+ <dd>Use this for giving a background or width to the line number
660
+ gutter.</dd>
661
+
662
+ <dt id="class_CodeMirror_linenumber"><code><strong>CodeMirror-linenumber</strong></code></dt>
663
+ <dd>Used to style the actual individual line numbers. These
664
+ won't be children of the <code>CodeMirror-linenumbers</code>
665
+ (plural) element, but rather will be absolutely positioned to
666
+ overlay it. Use this to set alignment and text properties for
667
+ the line numbers.</dd>
668
+
669
+ <dt id="class_CodeMirror_lines"><code><strong>CodeMirror-lines</strong></code></dt>
670
+ <dd>The visible lines. This is where you specify vertical
671
+ padding for the editor content.</dd>
672
+
673
+ <dt id="class_CodeMirror_cursor"><code><strong>CodeMirror-cursor</strong></code></dt>
674
+ <dd>The cursor is a block element that is absolutely positioned.
675
+ You can make it look whichever way you want.</dd>
676
+
677
+ <dt id="class_CodeMirror_selected"><code><strong>CodeMirror-selected</strong></code></dt>
678
+ <dd>The selection is represented by <code>span</code> elements
679
+ with this class.</dd>
680
+
681
+ <dt id="class_CodeMirror_matchingbracket"><code><strong>CodeMirror-matchingbracket</strong></code>,
682
+ <code>CodeMirror-nonmatchingbracket</code></dt>
683
+ <dd>These are used to style matched (or unmatched) brackets.</dd>
684
+ </dl>
685
+
686
+ <p>If your page's style sheets do funky things to
687
+ all <code>div</code> or <code>pre</code> elements (you probably
688
+ shouldn't do that), you'll have to define rules to cancel these
689
+ effects out again for elements under the <code>CodeMirror</code>
690
+ class.</p>
691
+
692
+ <p>Themes are also simply CSS files, which define colors for
693
+ various syntactic elements. See the files in
694
+ the <a href="../theme/"><code>theme</code></a> directory.</p>
695
+
696
+ <h2 id="api">Programming API</h2>
697
+
698
+ <p>A lot of CodeMirror features are only available through its
699
+ API. Thus, you need to write code (or
700
+ use <a href="#addons">add-ons</a>) if you want to expose them to
701
+ your users.</p>
702
+
703
+ <p>Whenever points in the document are represented, the API uses
704
+ objects with <code>line</code> and <code>ch</code> properties.
705
+ Both are zero-based. CodeMirror makes sure to 'clip' any positions
706
+ passed by client code so that they fit inside the document, so you
707
+ shouldn't worry too much about sanitizing your coordinates. If you
708
+ give <code>ch</code> a value of <code>null</code>, or don't
709
+ specify it, it will be replaced with the length of the specified
710
+ line.</p>
711
+
712
+ <p>Methods prefixed with <code>doc.</code> can, unless otherwise
713
+ specified, be called both on <code>CodeMirror</code> (editor)
714
+ instances and <code>CodeMirror.Doc</code> instances. Methods
715
+ prefixed with <code>cm.</code> are <em>only</em> available
716
+ on <code>CodeMirror</code> instances.</p>
717
+
718
+ <h3 id="api_content">Content manipulation methods</h3>
719
+
720
+ <dl>
721
+ <dt id="getValue"><code><strong>doc.getValue</strong>(?seperator: string) → string</code></dt>
722
+ <dd>Get the current editor content. You can pass it an optional
723
+ argument to specify the string to be used to separate lines
724
+ (defaults to <code>"\n"</code>).</dd>
725
+ <dt id="setValue"><code><strong>doc.setValue</strong>(content: string)</code></dt>
726
+ <dd>Set the editor content.</dd>
727
+
728
+ <dt id="getRange"><code><strong>doc.getRange</strong>(from: {line, ch}, to: {line, ch}, ?seperator: string) → string</code></dt>
729
+ <dd>Get the text between the given points in the editor, which
730
+ should be <code>{line, ch}</code> objects. An optional third
731
+ argument can be given to indicate the line separator string to
732
+ use (defaults to <code>"\n"</code>).</dd>
733
+ <dt id="replaceRange"><code><strong>doc.replaceRange</strong>(replacement: string, from: {line, ch}, to: {line, ch})</code></dt>
734
+ <dd>Replace the part of the document between <code>from</code>
735
+ and <code>to</code> with the given string. <code>from</code>
736
+ and <code>to</code> must be <code>{line, ch}</code>
737
+ objects. <code>to</code> can be left off to simply insert the
738
+ string at position <code>from</code>.</dd>
739
+
740
+ <dt id="getLine"><code><strong>doc.getLine</strong>(n: integer) → string</code></dt>
741
+ <dd>Get the content of line <code>n</code>.</dd>
742
+ <dt id="setLine"><code><strong>doc.setLine</strong>(n: integer, text: string)</code></dt>
743
+ <dd>Set the content of line <code>n</code>.</dd>
744
+ <dt id="removeLine"><code><strong>doc.removeLine</strong>(n: integer)</code></dt>
745
+ <dd>Remove the given line from the document.</dd>
746
+
747
+ <dt id="lineCount"><code><strong>doc.lineCount</strong>() → integer</code></dt>
748
+ <dd>Get the number of lines in the editor.</dd>
749
+ <dt id="firstLine"><code><strong>doc.firstLine</strong>() → integer</code></dt>
750
+ <dd>Get the first line of the editor. This will
751
+ usually be zero but for <a href="#linkedDoc_from">linked sub-views</a>,
752
+ or <a href="#api_doc">documents</a> instantiated with a non-zero
753
+ first line, it might return other values.</dd>
754
+ <dt id="lastLine"><code><strong>doc.lastLine</strong>() → integer</code></dt>
755
+ <dd>Get the last line of the editor. This will
756
+ usually be <code>doc.lineCount() - 1</code>,
757
+ but for <a href="#linkedDoc_from">linked sub-views</a>,
758
+ it might return other values.</dd>
759
+
760
+ <dt id="getLineHandle"><code><strong>doc.getLineHandle</strong>(num: integer) → LineHandle</code></dt>
761
+ <dd>Fetches the line handle for the given line number.</dd>
762
+ <dt id="getLineNumber"><code><strong>doc.getLineNumber</strong>(handle: LineHandle) → integer</code></dt>
763
+ <dd>Given a line handle, returns the current position of that
764
+ line (or <code>null</code> when it is no longer in the
765
+ document).</dd>
766
+ <dt id="eachLine"><code><strong>doc.eachLine</strong>(f: (line: LineHandle))</code></dt>
767
+ <dt><code><strong>doc.eachLine</strong>(start: integer, end: integer, f: (line: LineHandle))</code></dt>
768
+ <dd>Iterate over the whole document, or if <code>start</code>
769
+ and <code>end</code> line numbers are given, the range
770
+ from <code>start</code> up to (not including) <code>end</code>,
771
+ and call <code>f</code> for each line, passing the line handle.
772
+ This is a faster way to visit a range of line handlers than
773
+ calling <a href="#getLineHandle"><code>getLineHandle</code></a>
774
+ for each of them. Note that line handles have
775
+ a <code>text</code> property containing the line's content (as a
776
+ string).</dd>
777
+
778
+ <dt id="markClean"><code><strong>doc.markClean</strong>()</code></dt>
779
+ <dd>Set the editor content as 'clean', a flag that it will
780
+ retain until it is edited, and which will be set again when such
781
+ an edit is undone again. Useful to track whether the content
782
+ needs to be saved.</dd>
783
+ <dt id="isClean"><code><strong>doc.isClean</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
784
+ <dd>Returns whether the document is currently clean (not
785
+ modified since initialization or the last call
786
+ to <a href="#markClean"><code>markClean</code></a>).</dd>
787
+ </dl>
788
+
789
+ <h3 id="api_selection">Cursor and selection methods</h3>
790
+
791
+ <dl>
792
+ <dt id="getSelection"><code><strong>doc.getSelection</strong>() → string</code></dt>
793
+ <dd>Get the currently selected code.</dd>
794
+ <dt id="replaceSelection"><code><strong>doc.replaceSelection</strong>(replacement: string, ?collapse: string)</code></dt>
795
+ <dd>Replace the selection with the given string. By default, the
796
+ new selection will span the inserted text. The
797
+ optional <code>collapse</code> argument can be used to change
798
+ this—passing <code>"start"</code> or <code>"end"</code> will
799
+ collapse the selection to the start or end of the inserted
800
+ text.</dd>
801
+
802
+ <dt id="getCursor"><code><strong>doc.getCursor</strong>(?start: string) → {line, ch}</code></dt>
803
+ <dd><code>start</code> is a an optional string indicating which
804
+ end of the selection to return. It may
805
+ be <code>"start"</code>, <code>"end"</code>, <code>"head"</code>
806
+ (the side of the selection that moves when you press
807
+ shift+arrow), or <code>"anchor"</code> (the fixed side of the
808
+ selection). Omitting the argument is the same as
809
+ passing <code>"head"</code>. A <code>{line, ch}</code> object
810
+ will be returned.</dd>
811
+ <dt id="somethingSelected"><code><strong>doc.somethingSelected</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
812
+ <dd>Return true if any text is selected.</dd>
813
+ <dt id="setCursor"><code><strong>doc.setCursor</strong>(pos: {line, ch})</code></dt>
814
+ <dd>Set the cursor position. You can either pass a
815
+ single <code>{line, ch}</code> object, or the line and the
816
+ character as two separate parameters.</dd>
817
+ <dt id="setSelection"><code><strong>doc.setSelection</strong>(anchor: {line, ch}, head: {line, ch})</code></dt>
818
+ <dd>Set the selection range. <code>anchor</code>
819
+ and <code>head</code> should be <code>{line, ch}</code>
820
+ objects. <code>head</code> defaults to <code>anchor</code> when
821
+ not given.</dd>
822
+ <dt id="extendSelection"><code><strong>doc.extendSelection</strong>(from: {line, ch}, ?to: {line, ch})</code></dt>
823
+ <dd>Similar
824
+ to <a href="#setSelection"><code>setSelection</code></a>, but
825
+ will, if shift is held or
826
+ the <a href="#setExtending">extending</a> flag is set, move the
827
+ head of the selection while leaving the anchor at its current
828
+ place. <code>pos2</code> is optional, and can be passed to
829
+ ensure a region (for example a word or paragraph) will end up
830
+ selected (in addition to whatever lies between that region and
831
+ the current anchor).</dd>
832
+ <dt id="setExtending"><code><strong>doc.setExtending</strong>(value: boolean)</code></dt>
833
+ <dd>Sets or clears the 'extending' flag, which acts similar to
834
+ the shift key, in that it will cause cursor movement and calls
835
+ to <a href="#extendSelection"><code>extendSelection</code></a>
836
+ to leave the selection anchor in place.</dd>
837
+
838
+ <dt id="hasFocus"><code><strong>cm.hasFocus</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
839
+ <dd>Tells you whether the editor currently has focus.</dd>
840
+
841
+ <dt id="findPosH"><code><strong>cm.findPosH</strong>(start: {line, ch}, amount: integer, unit: string, visually: boolean) → {line, ch, ?hitSide: boolean}</code></dt>
842
+ <dd>Used to find the target position for horizontal cursor
843
+ motion. <code>start</code> is a <code>{line, ch}</code>
844
+ object, <code>amount</code> an integer (may be negative),
845
+ and <code>unit</code> one of the
846
+ string <code>"char"</code>, <code>"column"</code>,
847
+ or <code>"word"</code>. Will return a position that is produced
848
+ by moving <code>amount</code> times the distance specified
849
+ by <code>unit</code>. When <code>visually</code> is true, motion
850
+ in right-to-left text will be visual rather than logical. When
851
+ the motion was clipped by hitting the end or start of the
852
+ document, the returned value will have a <code>hitSide</code>
853
+ property set to true.</dd>
854
+ <dt id="findPosV"><code><strong>cm.findPosV</strong>(start: {line, ch}, amount: integer, unit: string) → {line, ch, ?hitSide: boolean}</code></dt>
855
+ <dd>Similar to <a href="#findPosH"><code>findPosH</code></a>,
856
+ but used for vertical motion. <code>unit</code> may
857
+ be <code>"line"</code> or <code>"page"</code>. The other
858
+ arguments and the returned value have the same interpretation as
859
+ they have in <code>findPosH</code>.</dd>
860
+ </dl>
861
+
862
+ <h3 id="api_configuration">Configuration methods</h3>
863
+
864
+ <dl>
865
+ <dt id="setOption"><code><strong>cm.setOption</strong>(option: string, value: any)</code></dt>
866
+ <dd>Change the configuration of the editor. <code>option</code>
867
+ should the name of an <a href="#config">option</a>,
868
+ and <code>value</code> should be a valid value for that
869
+ option.</dd>
870
+ <dt id="getOption"><code><strong>cm.getOption</strong>(option: string) → any</code></dt>
871
+ <dd>Retrieves the current value of the given option for this
872
+ editor instance.</dd>
873
+
874
+ <dt id="addKeyMap"><code><strong>cm.addKeyMap</strong>(map: object, bottom: boolean)</code></dt>
875
+ <dd>Attach an additional <a href="#keymaps">keymap</a> to the
876
+ editor. This is mostly useful for add-ons that need to register
877
+ some key handlers without trampling on
878
+ the <a href="#option_extraKeys"><code>extraKeys</code></a>
879
+ option. Maps added in this way have a higher precedence than
880
+ the <code>extraKeys</code>
881
+ and <a href="#option_keyMap"><code>keyMap</code></a> options,
882
+ and between them, the maps added earlier have a lower precedence
883
+ than those added later, unless the <code>bottom</code> argument
884
+ was passed, in which case they end up below other keymaps added
885
+ with this method.</dd>
886
+ <dt id="removeKeyMap"><code><strong>cm.removeKeyMap</strong>(map: object)</code></dt>
887
+ <dd>Disable a keymap added
888
+ with <a href="#addKeyMap"><code>addKeyMap</code></a>. Either
889
+ pass in the keymap object itself, or a string, which will be
890
+ compared against the <code>name</code> property of the active
891
+ keymaps.</dd>
892
+
893
+ <dt id="addOverlay"><code><strong>cm.addOverlay</strong>(mode: string|object, ?options: object)</code></dt>
894
+ <dd>Enable a highlighting overlay. This is a stateless mini-mode
895
+ that can be used to add extra highlighting. For example,
896
+ the <a href="../demo/search.html">search add-on</a> uses it to
897
+ highlight the term that's currently being
898
+ searched. <code>mode</code> can be a <a href="#option_mode">mode
899
+ spec</a> or a mode object (an object with
900
+ a <a href="#token"><code>token</code></a> method).
901
+ The <code>options</code> parameter is optional. If given, it
902
+ should be an object. Currently, only the <code>opaque</code>
903
+ option is recognized. This defaults to off, but can be given to
904
+ allow the overlay styling, when not <code>null</code>, to
905
+ override the styling of the base mode entirely, instead of the
906
+ two being applied together.</dd>
907
+ <dt id="removeOverlay"><code><strong>cm.removeOverlay</strong>(mode: string|object)</code></dt>
908
+ <dd>Pass this the exact argument passed for
909
+ the <code>mode</code> parameter
910
+ to <a href="#addOverlay"><code>addOverlay</code></a> to remove
911
+ an overlay again.</dd>
912
+
913
+ <dt id="on"><code><strong>cm.on</strong>(type: string, func: (...args))</code></dt>
914
+ <dd>Register an event handler for the given event type (a
915
+ string) on the editor instance. There is also
916
+ a <code>CodeMirror.on(object, type, func)</code> version
917
+ that allows registering of events on any object.</dd>
918
+ <dt id="off"><code><strong>cm.off</strong>(type: string, func: (...args))</code></dt>
919
+ <dd>Remove an event handler on the editor instance. An
920
+ equivalent <code>CodeMirror.off(object, type,
921
+ func)</code> also exists.</dd>
922
+ </dl>
923
+
924
+ <h3 id="api_doc">Document management methods</h3>
925
+
926
+ <p id="Doc">Each editor is associated with an instance
927
+ of <code>CodeMirror.Doc</code>, its document. A document
928
+ represents the editor content, plus a selection, an undo history,
929
+ and a <a href="#option_mode">mode</a>. A document can only be
930
+ associated with a single editor at a time. You can create new
931
+ documents by calling the <code>CodeMirror.Doc(text, mode,
932
+ firstLineNumber)</code> constructor. The last two arguments are
933
+ optional and can be used to set a mode for the document and make
934
+ it start at a line number other than 0, respectively.</p>
935
+
936
+ <dl>
937
+ <dt id="getDoc"><code><strong>cm.getDoc</strong>() → Doc</code></dt>
938
+ <dd>Retrieve the currently active document from an editor.</dd>
939
+ <dt id="getEditor"><code><strong>doc.getEditor</strong>() → CodeMirror</code></dt>
940
+ <dd>Retrieve the editor associated with a document. May
941
+ return <code>null</code>.</dd>
942
+
943
+ <dt id="swapDoc"><code><strong>cm.swapDoc</strong>(doc: CodeMirror.Doc) → Doc</code></dt>
944
+ <dd>Attach a new document to the editor. Returns the old
945
+ document, which is now no longer associated with an editor.</dd>
946
+
947
+ <dt id="copy"><code><strong>doc.copy</strong>(copyHistory: boolean) → Doc</code></dt>
948
+ <dd>Create an identical copy of the given doc.
949
+ When <code>copyHistory</code> is true, the history will also be
950
+ copied. Can not be called directly on an editor.</dd>
951
+
952
+ <dt id="linkedDoc"><code><strong>doc.linkedDoc</strong>(options: object) → Doc</code></dt>
953
+ <dd>Create a new document that's linked to the target document.
954
+ Linked documents will stay in sync (changes to one are also
955
+ applied to the other) until <a href="#unlinkDoc">unlinked</a>.
956
+ These are the options that are supported:
957
+ <dl>
958
+ <dt id="linkedDoc_sharedHist"><code><strong>sharedHist</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
959
+ <dd>When turned on, the linked copy will share an undo
960
+ history with the original. Thus, something done in one of
961
+ the two can be undone in the other, and vice versa.</dd>
962
+ <dt id="linkedDoc_from"><code><strong>from</strong>: integer</code></dt>
963
+ <dt id="linkedDoc_to"><code><strong>to</strong>: integer</code></dt>
964
+ <dd>Can be given to make the new document a subview of the
965
+ original. Subviews only show a given range of lines. Note
966
+ that line coordinates inside the subview will be consistent
967
+ with those of the parent, so that for example a subview
968
+ starting at line 10 will refer to its first line as line 10,
969
+ not 0.</dd>
970
+ <dt id="linkedDoc_mode"><code><strong>mode</strong>: string|object</code></dt>
971
+ <dd>By default, the new document inherits the mode of the
972
+ parent. This option can be set to
973
+ a <a href="#option_mode">mode spec</a> to give it a
974
+ different mode.</dd>
975
+ </dl></dd>
976
+ <dt id="unlinkDoc"><code><strong>doc.unlinkDoc</strong>(doc: CodeMirror.Doc)</code></dt>
977
+ <dd>Break the link between two documents. After calling this,
978
+ changes will no longer propagate between the documents, and, if
979
+ they had a shared history, the history will become
980
+ separate.</dd>
981
+ <dt id="iterLinkedDocs"><code><strong>doc.iterLinkedDocs</strong>(function: (doc: CodeMirror.Doc, sharedHist: boolean))</code></dt>
982
+ <dd>Will call the given function for all documents linked to the
983
+ target document. It will be passed two arguments, the linked document
984
+ and a boolean indicating whether that document shares history
985
+ with the target.</dd>
986
+ </dl>
987
+
988
+ <h3 id="api_history">History-related methods</h3>
989
+
990
+ <dl>
991
+ <dt id="undo"><code><strong>doc.undo</strong>()</code></dt>
992
+ <dd>Undo one edit (if any undo events are stored).</dd>
993
+ <dt id="redo"><code><strong>doc.redo</strong>()</code></dt>
994
+ <dd>Redo one undone edit.</dd>
995
+
996
+ <dt id="historySize"><code><strong>doc.historySize</strong>() → {undo: integer, redo: integer}</code></dt>
997
+ <dd>Returns an object with <code>{undo, redo}</code> properties,
998
+ both of which hold integers, indicating the amount of stored
999
+ undo and redo operations.</dd>
1000
+ <dt id="clearHistory"><code><strong>doc.clearHistory</strong>()</code></dt>
1001
+ <dd>Clears the editor's undo history.</dd>
1002
+ <dt id="getHistory"><code><strong>doc.getHistory</strong>() → object</code></dt>
1003
+ <dd>Get a (JSON-serializeable) representation of the undo history.</dd>
1004
+ <dt id="setHistory"><code><strong>doc.setHistory</strong>(history: object)</code></dt>
1005
+ <dd>Replace the editor's undo history with the one provided,
1006
+ which must be a value as returned
1007
+ by <a href="#getHistory"><code>getHistory</code></a>. Note that
1008
+ this will have entirely undefined results if the editor content
1009
+ isn't also the same as it was when <code>getHistory</code> was
1010
+ called.</dd>
1011
+ </dl>
1012
+
1013
+ <h3 id="api_marker">Text-marking methods</h3>
1014
+
1015
+ <dl>
1016
+ <dt id="markText"><code><strong>doc.markText</strong>(from: {line, ch}, to: {line, ch}, ?options: object) → TextMarker</code></dt>
1017
+ <dd>Can be used to mark a range of text with a specific CSS
1018
+ class name. <code>from</code> and <code>to</code> should
1019
+ be <code>{line, ch}</code> objects. The <code>options</code>
1020
+ parameter is optional. When given, it should be an object that
1021
+ may contain the following configuration options:
1022
+ <dl>
1023
+ <dt id="mark_className"><code><strong>className</strong>: string</code></dt>
1024
+ <dd>Assigns a CSS class to the marked stretch of text.</dd>
1025
+ <dt id="mark_inclusiveLeft"><code><strong>inclusiveLeft</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1026
+ <dd>Determines whether
1027
+ text inserted on the left of the marker will end up inside
1028
+ or outside of it.</dd>
1029
+ <dt id="mark_inclusiveRight"><code><strong>inclusiveRight</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1030
+ <dd>Like <code>inclusiveLeft</code>,
1031
+ but for the right side.</dd>
1032
+ <dt id="mark_atomic"><code><strong>atomic</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1033
+ <dd>Atomic ranges act as a single unit when cursor movement is
1034
+ concerned—i.e. it is impossible to place the cursor inside of
1035
+ them. In atomic ranges, <code>inclusiveLeft</code>
1036
+ and <code>inclusiveRight</code> have a different meaning—they
1037
+ will prevent the cursor from being placed respectively
1038
+ directly before and directly after the range.</dd>
1039
+ <dt id="mark_collapsed"><code><strong>collapsed</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1040
+ <dd>Collapsed ranges do not show up in the display. Setting a
1041
+ range to be collapsed will automatically make it atomic.</dd>
1042
+ <dt id="mark_clearOnEnter"><code><strong>clearOnEnter</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1043
+ <dd>When enabled, will cause the mark to clear itself whenever
1044
+ the cursor enters its range. This is mostly useful for
1045
+ text-replacement widgets that need to 'snap open' when the
1046
+ user tries to edit them. The
1047
+ <a href="#event_clear"><code>"clear"</code></a> event
1048
+ fired on the range handle can be used to be notified when this
1049
+ happens.</dd>
1050
+ <dt id="mark_replacedWith"><code><strong>replacedWith</strong>: Element</code></dt>
1051
+ <dd>Use a given node to display this range. Implies both
1052
+ collapsed and atomic. The given DOM node <em>must</em> be an
1053
+ inline element (as opposed to a block element).</dd>
1054
+ <dt id="mark_readOnly"><code><strong>readOnly</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1055
+ <dd>A read-only span can, as long as it is not cleared, not be
1056
+ modified except by
1057
+ calling <a href="#setValue"><code>setValue</code></a> to reset
1058
+ the whole document. <em>Note:</em> adding a read-only span
1059
+ currently clears the undo history of the editor, because
1060
+ existing undo events being partially nullified by read-only
1061
+ spans would corrupt the history (in the current
1062
+ implementation).</dd>
1063
+ <dt id="mark_addToHistory"><code><strong>addToHistory</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1064
+ <dd>When set to true (default is false), adding this marker
1065
+ will create an event in the undo history that can be
1066
+ individually undone (clearing the marker).</dd>
1067
+ <dt id="mark_startStyle"><code><strong>startStyle</strong>: string</code></dt><dd>Can be used to specify
1068
+ an extra CSS class to be applied to the leftmost span that
1069
+ is part of the marker.</dd>
1070
+ <dt id="mark_endStyle"><code><strong>endStyle</strong>: string</code></dt><dd>Equivalent
1071
+ to <code>startStyle</code>, but for the rightmost span.</dd>
1072
+ <dt id="mark_shared"><code><strong>shared</strong>: boolean</code></dt><dd>When the
1073
+ target document is <a href="#linkedDoc">linked</a> to other
1074
+ documents, you can set <code>shared</code> to true to make the
1075
+ marker appear in all documents. By default, a marker appears
1076
+ only in its target document.</dd>
1077
+ </dl>
1078
+ The method will return an object that represents the marker
1079
+ (with constuctor <code>CodeMirror.TextMarker</code>), which
1080
+ exposes three methods:
1081
+ <code>clear()</code>, to remove the mark,
1082
+ <code>find()</code>, which returns a <code>{from, to}</code>
1083
+ object (both holding document positions), indicating the current
1084
+ position of the marked range, or <code>undefined</code> if the
1085
+ marker is no longer in the document, and
1086
+ finally <code>getOptions(copyWidget)</code>, which returns an
1087
+ object representing the options for the marker.
1088
+ If <code>copyWidget</code> is given true, it will clone the
1089
+ value of
1090
+ the <a href="#mark_replacedWith"><code>replacedWith</code></a>
1091
+ option, if any.</dd>
1092
+
1093
+ <dt id="setBookmark"><code><strong>doc.setBookmark</strong>(pos: {line, ch}, ?options: object) → TextMarker</code></dt>
1094
+ <dd>Inserts a bookmark, a handle that follows the text around it
1095
+ as it is being edited, at the given position. A bookmark has two
1096
+ methods <code>find()</code> and <code>clear()</code>. The first
1097
+ returns the current position of the bookmark, if it is still in
1098
+ the document, and the second explicitly removes the bookmark.
1099
+ The options argument is optional. If given, the following
1100
+ properties are recognized:
1101
+ <dl>
1102
+ <dt><code><strong>widget</strong>: Element</code></dt><dd>Can be used to display a DOM
1103
+ node at the current location of the bookmark (analogous to
1104
+ the <a href="#mark_replacedWith"><code>replacedWith</code></a>
1105
+ option to <code>markText</code>).</dd>
1106
+ <dt><code><strong>insertLeft</strong>: boolean</code></dt><dd>By default, text typed
1107
+ when the cursor is on top of the bookmark will end up to the
1108
+ right of the bookmark. Set this option to true to make it go
1109
+ to the left instead.</dd>
1110
+ </dl></dd>
1111
+
1112
+ <dt id="findMarksAt"><code><strong>doc.findMarksAt</strong>(pos: {line, ch}) → array&lt;TextMarker&gt;</code></dt>
1113
+ <dd>Returns an array of all the bookmarks and marked ranges
1114
+ present at the given position.</dd>
1115
+ <dt id="getAllMarks"><code><strong>doc.getAllMarks</strong>() → array&lt;TextMarker&gt;</code></dt>
1116
+ <dd>Returns an array containing all marked ranges in the document.</dd>
1117
+ </dl>
1118
+
1119
+ <h3 id="api_decoration">Widget, gutter, and decoration methods</h3>
1120
+
1121
+ <dl>
1122
+ <dt id="setGutterMarker"><code><strong>cm.setGutterMarker</strong>(line: integer|LineHandle, gutterID: string, value: Element) → LineHandle</code></dt>
1123
+ <dd>Sets the gutter marker for the given gutter (identified by
1124
+ its CSS class, see
1125
+ the <a href="#option_gutters"><code>gutters</code></a> option)
1126
+ to the given value. Value can be either <code>null</code>, to
1127
+ clear the marker, or a DOM element, to set it. The DOM element
1128
+ will be shown in the specified gutter next to the specified
1129
+ line.</dd>
1130
+
1131
+ <dt id="clearGutter"><code><strong>cm.clearGutter</strong>(gutterID: string)</code></dt>
1132
+ <dd>Remove all gutter markers in
1133
+ the <a href="#option_gutters">gutter</a> with the given ID.</dd>
1134
+
1135
+ <dt id="addLineClass"><code><strong>cm.addLineClass</strong>(line: integer|LineHandle, where: string, class: string) → LineHandle</code></dt>
1136
+ <dd>Set a CSS class name for the given line. <code>line</code>
1137
+ can be a number or a line handle. <code>where</code> determines
1138
+ to which element this class should be applied, can can be one
1139
+ of <code>"text"</code> (the text element, which lies in front of
1140
+ the selection), <code>"background"</code> (a background element
1141
+ that will be behind the selection), or <code>"wrap"</code> (the
1142
+ wrapper node that wraps all of the line's elements, including
1143
+ gutter elements). <code>class</code> should be the name of the
1144
+ class to apply.</dd>
1145
+
1146
+ <dt id="removeLineClass"><code><strong>cm.removeLineClass</strong>(line: integer|LineHandle, where: string, class: string) → LineHandle</code></dt>
1147
+ <dd>Remove a CSS class from a line. <code>line</code> can be a
1148
+ line handle or number. <code>where</code> should be one
1149
+ of <code>"text"</code>, <code>"background"</code>,
1150
+ or <code>"wrap"</code>
1151
+ (see <a href="#addLineClass"><code>addLineClass</code></a>). <code>class</code>
1152
+ can be left off to remove all classes for the specified node, or
1153
+ be a string to remove only a specific class.</dd>
1154
+
1155
+ <dt id="lineInfo"><code><strong>cm.lineInfo</strong>(line: integer|LineHandle) → object</code></dt>
1156
+ <dd>Returns the line number, text content, and marker status of
1157
+ the given line, which can be either a number or a line handle.
1158
+ The returned object has the structure <code>{line, handle, text,
1159
+ gutterMarkers, textClass, bgClass, wrapClass, widgets}</code>,
1160
+ where <code>gutterMarkers</code> is an object mapping gutter IDs
1161
+ to marker elements, and <code>widgets</code> is an array
1162
+ of <a href="#addLineWidget">line widgets</a> attached to this
1163
+ line, and the various class properties refer to classes added
1164
+ with <a href="#addLineClass"><code>addLineClass</code></a>.</dd>
1165
+
1166
+ <dt id="addWidget"><code><strong>cm.addWidget</strong>(pos: {line, ch}, node: Element, scrollIntoView: boolean)</code></dt>
1167
+ <dd>Puts <code>node</code>, which should be an absolutely
1168
+ positioned DOM node, into the editor, positioned right below the
1169
+ given <code>{line, ch}</code> position.
1170
+ When <code>scrollIntoView</code> is true, the editor will ensure
1171
+ that the entire node is visible (if possible). To remove the
1172
+ widget again, simply use DOM methods (move it somewhere else, or
1173
+ call <code>removeChild</code> on its parent).</dd>
1174
+
1175
+ <dt id="addLineWidget"><code><strong>cm.addLineWidget</strong>(line: integer|LineHandle, node: Element, ?options: object) → LineWidget</code></dt>
1176
+ <dd>Adds a line widget, an element shown below a line, spanning
1177
+ the whole of the editor's width, and moving the lines below it
1178
+ downwards. <code>line</code> should be either an integer or a
1179
+ line handle, and <code>node</code> should be a DOM node, which
1180
+ will be displayed below the given line. <code>options</code>,
1181
+ when given, should be an object that configures the behavior of
1182
+ the widget. The following options are supported (all default to
1183
+ false) →
1184
+ <dl>
1185
+ <dt><code><strong>coverGutter</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1186
+ <dd>Whether the widget should cover the gutter.</dd>
1187
+ <dt><code><strong>noHScroll</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1188
+ <dd>Whether the widget should stay fixed in the face of
1189
+ horizontal scrolling.</dd>
1190
+ <dt><code><strong>above</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1191
+ <dd>Causes the widget to be placed above instead of below
1192
+ the text of the line.</dd>
1193
+ <dt><code><strong>showIfHidden</strong>: boolean</code></dt>
1194
+ <dd>When true, will cause the widget to be rendered even if
1195
+ the line it is associated with is hidden.</dd>
1196
+ </dl>
1197
+ Note that the widget node will become a descendant of nodes with
1198
+ CodeMirror-specific CSS classes, and those classes might in some
1199
+ cases affect it. This method returns an object that represents
1200
+ the widget placement. It'll have a <code>line</code> property
1201
+ pointing at the line handle that it is associated with, and the following methods:
1202
+ <dl>
1203
+ <dt id="widget_clear"><code><strong>clear</strong>()</code></dt><dd>Removes the widget.</dd>
1204
+ <dt id="widget_changed"><code><strong>changed</strong>()</code></dt><dd>Call
1205
+ this if you made some change to the widget's DOM node that
1206
+ might affect its height. It'll force CodeMirror to update
1207
+ the height of the line that contains the widget.</dd>
1208
+ </dl>
1209
+ </dd>
1210
+ </dl>
1211
+
1212
+ <h3 id="api_sizing">Sizing, scrolling and positioning methods</h3>
1213
+
1214
+ <dl>
1215
+ <dt id="setSize"><code><strong>cm.setSize</strong>(width: number|string, height: number|string)</code></dt>
1216
+ <dd>Programatically set the size of the editor (overriding the
1217
+ applicable <a href="#css-resize">CSS
1218
+ rules</a>). <code>width</code> and <code>height</code> height
1219
+ can be either numbers (interpreted as pixels) or CSS units
1220
+ (<code>"100%"</code>, for example). You can
1221
+ pass <code>null</code> for either of them to indicate that that
1222
+ dimension should not be changed.</dd>
1223
+
1224
+ <dt id="scrollTo"><code><strong>cm.scrollTo</strong>(x: number, y: number)</code></dt>
1225
+ <dd>Scroll the editor to a given (pixel) position. Both
1226
+ arguments may be left as <code>null</code>
1227
+ or <code>undefined</code> to have no effect.</dd>
1228
+ <dt id="getScrollInfo"><code><strong>cm.getScrollInfo</strong>() → {left, top, width, height, clientWidth, clientHeight}</code></dt>
1229
+ <dd>Get an <code>{left, top, width, height, clientWidth,
1230
+ clientHeight}</code> object that represents the current scroll
1231
+ position, the size of the scrollable area, and the size of the
1232
+ visible area (minus scrollbars).</dd>
1233
+ <dt id="scrollIntoView"><code><strong>cm.scrollIntoView</strong>(pos: {line, ch}|{left, top, right, bottom}, ?margin: number)</code></dt>
1234
+ <dd>Scrolls the given element into view. <code>pos</code> may be
1235
+ either a <code>{line, ch}</code> position, referring to a given
1236
+ character, <code>null</code>, to refer to the cursor, or
1237
+ a <code>{left, top, right, bottom}</code> object, in
1238
+ editor-local coordinates. The <code>margin</code> parameter is
1239
+ optional. When given, it indicates the amount of pixels around
1240
+ the given area that should be made visible as well.</dd>
1241
+
1242
+ <dt id="cursorCoords"><code><strong>cm.cursorCoords</strong>(where: boolean|{line, ch}, mode: string) → {left, top, bottom}</code></dt>
1243
+ <dd>Returns an <code>{left, top, bottom}</code> object
1244
+ containing the coordinates of the cursor position.
1245
+ If <code>mode</code> is <code>"local"</code>, they will be
1246
+ relative to the top-left corner of the editable document. If it
1247
+ is <code>"page"</code> or not given, they are relative to the
1248
+ top-left corner of the page. <code>where</code> can be a boolean
1249
+ indicating whether you want the start (<code>true</code>) or the
1250
+ end (<code>false</code>) of the selection, or, if a <code>{line,
1251
+ ch}</code> object is given, it specifies the precise position at
1252
+ which you want to measure.</dd>
1253
+ <dt id="charCoords"><code><strong>cm.charCoords</strong>(pos: {line, ch}, mode: string) → {left, right, top, bottom}</code></dt>
1254
+ <dd>Returns the position and dimensions of an arbitrary
1255
+ character. <code>pos</code> should be a <code>{line, ch}</code>
1256
+ object. This differs from <code>cursorCoords</code> in that
1257
+ it'll give the size of the whole character, rather than just the
1258
+ position that the cursor would have when it would sit at that
1259
+ position.</dd>
1260
+ <dt id="coordsChar"><code><strong>cm.coordsChar</strong>(object: {left, top}, ?mode: string) → {line, ch}</code></dt>
1261
+ <dd>Given an <code>{left, top}</code> object, returns
1262
+ the <code>{line, ch}</code> position that corresponds to it. The
1263
+ optional <code>mode</code> parameter determines relative to what
1264
+ the coordinates are interpreted. It may
1265
+ be <code>"window"</code>, <code>"page"</code> (the default),
1266
+ or <code>"local"</code>.</dd>
1267
+ <dt id="defaultTextHeight"><code><strong>cm.defaultTextHeight</strong>() → number</code></dt>
1268
+ <dd>Returns the line height of the default font for the editor.</dd>
1269
+ <dt id="defaultCharWidth"><code><strong>cm.defaultCharWidth</strong>() → number</code></dt>
1270
+ <dd>Returns the pixel width of an 'x' in the default font for
1271
+ the editor. (Note that for non-monospace fonts, this is mostly
1272
+ useless, and even for monospace fonts, non-ascii characters
1273
+ might have a different width).</dd>
1274
+
1275
+ <dt id="getViewport"><code><strong>cm.getViewport</strong>() → {from: number, to: number}</code></dt>
1276
+ <dd>Returns a <code>{from, to}</code> object indicating the
1277
+ start (inclusive) and end (exclusive) of the currently rendered
1278
+ part of the document. In big documents, when most content is
1279
+ scrolled out of view, CodeMirror will only render the visible
1280
+ part, and a margin around it. See also
1281
+ the <a href="#event_viewportChange"><code>viewportChange</code></a>
1282
+ event.</dd>
1283
+
1284
+ <dt id="refresh"><code><strong>cm.refresh</strong>()</code></dt>
1285
+ <dd>If your code does something to change the size of the editor
1286
+ element (window resizes are already listened for), or unhides
1287
+ it, you should probably follow up by calling this method to
1288
+ ensure CodeMirror is still looking as intended.</dd>
1289
+ </dl>
1290
+
1291
+ <h3 id="api_mode">Mode, state, and token-related methods</h3>
1292
+
1293
+ <p>When writing language-aware functionality, it can often be
1294
+ useful to hook into the knowledge that the CodeMirror language
1295
+ mode has. See <a href="#modeapi">the section on modes</a> for a
1296
+ more detailed description of how these work.</p>
1297
+
1298
+ <dl>
1299
+ <dt id="getMode"><code><strong>doc.getMode</strong>() → object</code></dt>
1300
+ <dd>Gets the mode object for the editor. Note that this is
1301
+ distinct from <code>getOption("mode")</code>, which gives you
1302
+ the mode specification, rather than the resolved, instantiated
1303
+ <a href="#defineMode">mode object</a>.</dd>
1304
+
1305
+ <dt id="getTokenAt"><code><strong>cm.getTokenAt</strong>(pos: {line, ch}) → object</code></dt>
1306
+ <dd>Retrieves information about the token the current mode found
1307
+ before the given position (a <code>{line, ch}</code> object). The
1308
+ returned object has the following properties:
1309
+ <dl>
1310
+ <dt><code><strong>start</strong></code></dt><dd>The character (on the given line) at which the token starts.</dd>
1311
+ <dt><code><strong>end</strong></code></dt><dd>The character at which the token ends.</dd>
1312
+ <dt><code><strong>string</strong></code></dt><dd>The token's string.</dd>
1313
+ <dt><code><strong>type</strong></code></dt><dd>The token type the mode assigned
1314
+ to the token, such as <code>"keyword"</code>
1315
+ or <code>"comment"</code> (may also be null).</dd>
1316
+ <dt><code><strong>state</strong></code></dt><dd>The mode's state at the end of this token.</dd>
1317
+ </dl></dd>
1318
+
1319
+ <dt id="getStateAfter"><code><strong>cm.getStateAfter</strong>(?line: integer) → object</code></dt>
1320
+ <dd>Returns the mode's parser state, if any, at the end of the
1321
+ given line number. If no line number is given, the state at the
1322
+ end of the document is returned. This can be useful for storing
1323
+ parsing errors in the state, or getting other kinds of
1324
+ contextual information for a line.</dd>
1325
+ </dl>
1326
+
1327
+ <h3 id="api_misc">Miscellaneous methods</h3>
1328
+
1329
+ <dl>
1330
+ <dt id="constructor"><code><strong>CodeMirror</strong>(elt: Element|function(elt: Element), ?config: object)</code></dt>
1331
+ <dd>The constructor. See <a href="#usage">Basic Usage</a>.</dd>
1332
+
1333
+ <dt id="operation"><code><strong>cm.operation</strong>(func: () → any) → any</code></dt>
1334
+ <dd>CodeMirror internally buffers changes and only updates its
1335
+ DOM structure after it has finished performing some operation.
1336
+ If you need to perform a lot of operations on a CodeMirror
1337
+ instance, you can call this method with a function argument. It
1338
+ will call the function, buffering up all changes, and only doing
1339
+ the expensive update after the function returns. This can be a
1340
+ lot faster. The return value from this method will be the return
1341
+ value of your function.</dd>
1342
+
1343
+ <dt id="indentLine"><code><strong>cm.indentLine</strong>(line: integer, ?dir: string)</code></dt>
1344
+ <dd>Adjust the indentation of the given line. The second
1345
+ argument (which defaults to <code>"smart"</code>) may be one of:
1346
+ <dl>
1347
+ <dt><code><strong>"prev"</strong></code></dt>
1348
+ <dd>Base indentation on the indentation of the previous line.</dd>
1349
+ <dt><code><strong>"smart"</strong></code></dt>
1350
+ <dd>Use the mode's smart indentation if available, behave
1351
+ like <code>"prev"</code> otherwise.</dd>
1352
+ <dt><code><strong>"add"</strong></code></dt>
1353
+ <dd>Increase the indentation of the line by
1354
+ one <a href="#option_indentUnit">indent unit</a>.</dd>
1355
+ <dt><code><strong>"subtract"</strong></code></dt>
1356
+ <dd>Reduce the indentation of the line.</dd>
1357
+ </dl></dd>
1358
+
1359
+ <dt id="posFromIndex"><code><strong>doc.posFromIndex</strong>(index: integer) → {line, ch}</code></dt>
1360
+ <dd>Calculates and returns a <code>{line, ch}</code> object for a
1361
+ zero-based <code>index</code> who's value is relative to the start of the
1362
+ editor's text. If the <code>index</code> is out of range of the text then
1363
+ the returned object is clipped to start or end of the text
1364
+ respectively.</dd>
1365
+ <dt id="indexFromPos"><code><strong>doc.indexFromPos</strong>(object: {line, ch}) → integer</code></dt>
1366
+ <dd>The reverse of <a href="#posFromIndex"><code>posFromIndex</code></a>.</dd>
1367
+
1368
+ <dt id="focus"><code><strong>cm.focus</strong>()</code></dt>
1369
+ <dd>Give the editor focus.</dd>
1370
+
1371
+ <dt id="getInputField"><code><strong>cm.getInputField</strong>() → TextAreaElement</code></dt>
1372
+ <dd>Returns the hidden textarea used to read input.</dd>
1373
+ <dt id="getWrapperElement"><code><strong>cm.getWrapperElement</strong>() → Element</code></dt>
1374
+ <dd>Returns the DOM node that represents the editor, and
1375
+ controls its size. Remove this from your tree to delete an
1376
+ editor instance.</dd>
1377
+ <dt id="getScrollerElement"><code><strong>cm.getScrollerElement</strong>() → Element</code></dt>
1378
+ <dd>Returns the DOM node that is responsible for the scrolling
1379
+ of the editor.</dd>
1380
+ <dt id="getGutterElement"><code><strong>cm.getGutterElement</strong>() → Element</code></dt>
1381
+ <dd>Fetches the DOM node that contains the editor gutters.</dd>
1382
+ </dl>
1383
+
1384
+ <h3 id="api_static">Static properties</h3>
1385
+ <p>The <code>CodeMirror</code> object itself provides
1386
+ several useful properties.</p>
1387
+
1388
+ <dl>
1389
+ <dt id="version"><code><strong>CodeMirror.version</strong>: string</code></dt>
1390
+ <dd>It contains a string that indicates the version of the
1391
+ library. For releases, this simply
1392
+ contains <code>"major.minor"</code> (for
1393
+ example <code>"2.33"</code>. For beta versions, <code>" B"</code>
1394
+ (space, capital B) is added at the end of the string, for
1395
+ development snapshots, <code>" +"</code> (space, plus) is
1396
+ added.</dd>
1397
+
1398
+ <dt id="fromTextArea"><code><strong>CodeMirror.fromTextArea</strong>(textArea: TextAreaElement, ?config: object)</code></dt>
1399
+ <dd>
1400
+ The method provides another way to initialize an editor. It takes a
1401
+ textarea DOM node as first argument and an optional configuration
1402
+ object as second. It will replace the textarea with a CodeMirror
1403
+ instance, and wire up the form of that textarea (if any) to make
1404
+ sure the editor contents are put into the textarea when the form
1405
+ is submitted. A CodeMirror instance created this way has three
1406
+ additional methods:
1407
+ <dl>
1408
+ <dt id="save"><code><strong>cm.save</strong>()</code></dt>
1409
+ <dd>Copy the content of the editor into the textarea.</dd>
1410
+
1411
+ <dt id="toTextArea"><code><strong>cm.toTextArea</strong>()</code></dt>
1412
+ <dd>Remove the editor, and restore the original textarea (with
1413
+ the editor's current content).</dd>
1414
+
1415
+ <dt id="getTextArea"><code><strong>cm.getTextArea</strong>() → TextAreaElement</code></dt>
1416
+ <dd>Returns the textarea that the instance was based on.</dd>
1417
+ </dl>
1418
+ </dd>
1419
+
1420
+ <dt id="defineExtension"><code><strong>CodeMirror.defineExtension</strong>(name: string, value: any)</code></dt>
1421
+ <dd>If you want to define extra methods in terms of the
1422
+ CodeMirror API, it is possible to
1423
+ use <code>defineExtension</code>. This will cause the given
1424
+ value (usually a method) to be added to all CodeMirror instances
1425
+ created from then on.</dd>
1426
+
1427
+ <dt id="defineDocExtension"><code><strong>CodeMirror.defineDocExtension</strong>(name: string, value: any)</code></dt>
1428
+ <dd>Like <a href="#defineExtenstion"><code>defineExtension</code></a>,
1429
+ but the method will be added to the interface
1430
+ for <a href="#Doc"><code>Doc</code></a> objects instead.</dd>
1431
+
1432
+ <dt id="defineOption"><code><strong>CodeMirror.defineOption</strong>(name: string,
1433
+ default: any, updateFunc: function)</code></dt>
1434
+ <dd>Similarly, <code>defineOption</code> can be used to define new options for
1435
+ CodeMirror. The <code>updateFunc</code> will be called with the
1436
+ editor instance and the new value when an editor is initialized,
1437
+ and whenever the option is modified
1438
+ through <a href="#setOption"><code>setOption</code></a>.</dd>
1439
+
1440
+ <dt id="defineInitHook"><code><strong>CodeMirror.defineInitHook</strong>(func: function)</code></dt>
1441
+ <dd>If your extention just needs to run some
1442
+ code whenever a CodeMirror instance is initialized,
1443
+ use <code>CodeMirror.defineInitHook</code>. Give it a function as
1444
+ its only argument, and from then on, that function will be called
1445
+ (with the instance as argument) whenever a new CodeMirror instance
1446
+ is initialized.</dd>
1447
+ </dl>
1448
+
1449
+ <h2 id="addons">Add-ons</h2>
1450
+
1451
+ <p>The <code>addon</code> directory in the distribution contains a
1452
+ number of reusable components that implement extra editor
1453
+ functionality. In brief, they are:</p>
1454
+
1455
+ <dl>
1456
+ <dt id="addon_dialog"><a href="../addon/dialog/dialog.js"><code>dialog/dialog.js</code></a></dt>
1457
+ <dd>Provides a very simple way to query users for text input.
1458
+ Adds an <code>openDialog</code> method to CodeMirror instances,
1459
+ which can be called with an HTML fragment that provides the
1460
+ prompt (should include an <code>input</code> tag), and a
1461
+ callback function that is called when text has been entered.
1462
+ Depends on <code>addon/dialog/dialog.css</code>.</dd>
1463
+ <dt id="addon_searchcursor"><a href="../addon/search/searchcursor.js"><code>search/searchcursor.js</code></a></dt>
1464
+ <dd>Adds the <code>getSearchCursor(query, start, caseFold) →
1465
+ cursor</code> method to CodeMirror instances, which can be used
1466
+ to implement search/replace functionality. <code>query</code>
1467
+ can be a regular expression or a string (only strings will match
1468
+ across lines—if they contain newlines). <code>start</code>
1469
+ provides the starting position of the search. It can be
1470
+ a <code>{line, ch}</code> object, or can be left off to default
1471
+ to the start of the document. <code>caseFold</code> is only
1472
+ relevant when matching a string. It will cause the search to be
1473
+ case-insensitive. A search cursor has the following methods:
1474
+ <dl>
1475
+ <dt><code><strong>findNext</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
1476
+ <dt><code><strong>findPrevious</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
1477
+ <dd>Search forward or backward from the current position.
1478
+ The return value indicates whether a match was found. If
1479
+ matching a regular expression, the return value will be the
1480
+ array returned by the <code>match</code> method, in case you
1481
+ want to extract matched groups.</dd>
1482
+ <dt><code><strong>from</strong>() → {line, ch}</code></dt>
1483
+ <dt><code><strong>to</strong>() → {line, ch}</code></dt>
1484
+ <dd>These are only valid when the last call
1485
+ to <code>findNext</code> or <code>findPrevious</code> did
1486
+ not return false. They will return <code>{line, ch}</code>
1487
+ objects pointing at the start and end of the match.</dd>
1488
+ <dt><code><strong>replace</strong>(text: string)</code></dt>
1489
+ <dd>Replaces the currently found match with the given text
1490
+ and adjusts the cursor position to reflect the
1491
+ replacement.</dd>
1492
+ </dl></dd>
1493
+
1494
+ <dt id="addon_search"><a href="../addon/search/search.js"><code>search/search.js</code></a></dt>
1495
+ <dd>Implements the search commands. CodeMirror has keys bound to
1496
+ these by default, but will not do anything with them unless an
1497
+ implementation is provided. Depends
1498
+ on <code>searchcursor.js</code>, and will make use
1499
+ of <a href="#addon_dialog"><code>openDialog</code></a> when
1500
+ available to make prompting for search queries less ugly.</dd>
1501
+ <dt id="addon_matchbrackets"><a href="../addon/edit/matchbrackets.js"><code>edit/matchbrackets.js</code></a></dt>
1502
+ <dd>Defines an option <code>matchBrackets</code> which, when set
1503
+ to true, causes matching brackets to be highlighted whenever the
1504
+ cursor is next to them. It also adds a
1505
+ method <code>matchBrackets</code> that forces this to happen
1506
+ once, and a method <code>findMatchingBracket</code> that can be
1507
+ used to run the bracket-finding algorithm that this uses
1508
+ internally.</dd>
1509
+ <dt id="addon_closebrackets"><a href="../addon/edit/closebrackets.js"><code>edit/closebrackets.js</code></a></dt>
1510
+ <dd>Defines an option <code>autoCloseBrackets</code> that will
1511
+ auto-close brackets and quotes when typed. By default, it'll
1512
+ auto-close <code>()[]{}''""</code>, but you can pass it a
1513
+ string similar to that (containing pairs of matching characters)
1514
+ to customize it. <a href="../demo/closebrackets.html">Demo
1515
+ here</a>.</dd>
1516
+ <dt id="addon_foldcode"><a href="../addon/fold/foldcode.js"><code>fold/foldcode.js</code></a></dt>
1517
+ <dd>Helps with code folding.
1518
+ See <a href="../demo/folding.html">the demo</a> for an example.
1519
+ Call <code>CodeMirror.newFoldFunction</code> with a range-finder
1520
+ helper function to create a function that will, when applied to
1521
+ a CodeMirror instance and a line number, attempt to fold or
1522
+ unfold the block starting at the given line. A range-finder is a
1523
+ language-specific function that also takes an instance and a
1524
+ line number, and returns an range to be folded, or null if no
1525
+ block is started on that line. There are files in
1526
+ the <a href="../addon/fold/"><code>addon/fold/</code></a>
1527
+ directory providing <code>CodeMirror.braceRangeFinder</code>,
1528
+ which finds blocks in brace languages (JavaScript, C, Java,
1529
+ etc), <code>CodeMirror.indentRangeFinder</code>, for languages
1530
+ where indentation determines block structure (Python, Haskell),
1531
+ and <code>CodeMirror.tagRangeFinder</code>, for XML-style
1532
+ languages.</dd>
1533
+ <dt id="addon_runmode"><a href="../addon/runmode/runmode.js"><code>runmode/runmode.js</code></a></dt>
1534
+ <dd>Can be used to run a CodeMirror mode over text without
1535
+ actually opening an editor instance.
1536
+ See <a href="../demo/runmode.html">the demo</a> for an example.
1537
+ There are alternate versions of the file avaible for
1538
+ running <a href="../addon/runmode/runmode-standalone.js">stand-alone</a>
1539
+ (without including all of CodeMirror) and
1540
+ for <a href="../addon/runmode/runmode.node.js">running under
1541
+ node.js</a>.</dd>
1542
+ <dt id="addon_overlay"><a href="../addon/mode/overlay.js"><code>mode/overlay.js</code></a></dt>
1543
+ <dd>Mode combinator that can be used to extend a mode with an
1544
+ 'overlay' — a secondary mode is run over the stream, along with
1545
+ the base mode, and can color specific pieces of text without
1546
+ interfering with the base mode.
1547
+ Defines <code>CodeMirror.overlayMode</code>, which is used to
1548
+ create such a mode. See <a href="../demo/mustache.html">this
1549
+ demo</a> for a detailed example.</dd>
1550
+ <dt id="addon_multiplex"><a href="../addon/mode/multiplex.js"><code>mode/multiplex.js</code></a></dt>
1551
+ <dd>Mode combinator that can be used to easily 'multiplex'
1552
+ between several modes.
1553
+ Defines <code>CodeMirror.multiplexingMode</code> which, when
1554
+ given as first argument a mode object, and as other arguments
1555
+ any number of <code>{open, close, mode [, delimStyle]}</code>
1556
+ objects, will return a mode object that starts parsing using the
1557
+ mode passed as first argument, but will switch to another mode
1558
+ as soon as it encounters a string that occurs in one of
1559
+ the <code>open</code> fields of the passed objects. When in a
1560
+ sub-mode, it will go back to the top mode again when
1561
+ the <code>close</code> string is encountered.
1562
+ Pass <code>"\n"</code> for <code>open</code> or <code>close</code>
1563
+ if you want to switch on a blank line.
1564
+ When <code>delimStyle</code> is specified, it will be the token
1565
+ style returned for the delimiter tokens. The outer mode will not
1566
+ see the content between the delimiters.
1567
+ See <a href="../demo/multiplex.html">this demo</a> for an
1568
+ example.</dd>
1569
+ <dt id="addon_show-hint"><a href="../addon/hint/show-hint.js"><code>hint/show-hint.js</code></a></dt>
1570
+ <dd>Provides a framework for showing autocompletion hints.
1571
+ Defines <code>CodeMirror.showHint</code>, which takes a
1572
+ CodeMirror instance and a hinting function, and pops up a widget
1573
+ that allows the user to select a completion. Hinting functions
1574
+ are function that take an editor instance, and return
1575
+ a <code>{list, from, to}</code> object, where <code>list</code>
1576
+ is an array of strings (the completions), and <code>from</code>
1577
+ and <code>to</code> give the start and end of the token that is
1578
+ being completed. Depends
1579
+ on <code>addon/hint/show-hint.css</code>. See the other files in
1580
+ the <a href="../addon/hint/"><code>addon/hint</code></a> for
1581
+ hint sources for various languages. Check
1582
+ out <a href="../demo/complete.html">the demo</a> for an
1583
+ example.</dd>
1584
+ <dt id="addon_match-highlighter"><a href="../addon/search/match-highlighter.js"><code>match-highlighter.js</code></a></dt>
1585
+ <dd>Adds a <code>highlightSelectionMatches</code> option that
1586
+ can be enabled to highlight all instances of a currently
1587
+ selected word.
1588
+ Demo <a href="../demo/matchhighlighter.html">here</a>.</dd>
1589
+ <dt id="addon_lint"><a href="../addon/lint/lint.js"><code>lint/lint.js</code></a></dt>
1590
+ <dd>Defines an interface component for showing linting warnings,
1591
+ with pluggable warning sources
1592
+ (see <a href="../addon/lint/json-lint.js"><code>json-lint.js</code></a>
1593
+ and <a href="../addon/lint/javascript-lint.js"><code>javascript-lint.js</code></a>
1594
+ in the same directory). Defines a <code>lintWith</code> option
1595
+ that can be set to a warning source (for
1596
+ example <code>CodeMirror.javascriptValidator</code>). Depends
1597
+ on <code>addon/lint/lint.css</code>. A demo can be
1598
+ found <a href="../demo/lint.html">here</a>.</dd>
1599
+ <dt id="addon_mark-selection"><a href="../addon/selection/mark-selection.js"><code>selection/mark-selection.js</code></a></dt>
1600
+ <dd>Causes the selected text to be marked with the CSS class
1601
+ <code>CodeMirror-selectedtext</code> when the <code>styleSelectedText</code> option
1602
+ is enabled. Useful to change the colour of the selection (in addition to the background),
1603
+ like in <a href="../demo/markselection.html">this demo</a>.</dd>
1604
+ <dt id="addon_active-line"><a href="../addon/selection/active-line.js"><code>selection/active-line.js</code></a></dt>
1605
+ <dd>Defines a <code>styleActiveLine</code> option that, when enabled,
1606
+ gives the wrapper of the active line the class <code>CodeMirror-activeline</code>,
1607
+ and adds a background with the class <code>CodeMirror-activeline-background</code>.
1608
+ is enabled. See the <a href="../demo/activeline.html">demo</a>.</dd>
1609
+ <dt id="addon_closetag"><a href="../addon/edit/closetag.js"><code>edit/closetag.js</code></a></dt>
1610
+ <dd>Provides utility functions for adding automatic tag closing
1611
+ to XML modes. See
1612
+ the <a href="../demo/closetag.html">demo</a>.</dd>
1613
+ <dt id="addon_loadmode"><a href="../addon/mode/loadmode.js"><code>mode/loadmode.js</code></a></dt>
1614
+ <dd>Defines a <code>CodeMirror.requireMode(modename,
1615
+ callback)</code> function that will try to load a given mode and
1616
+ call the callback when it succeeded. You'll have to
1617
+ set <code>CodeMirror.modeURL</code> to a string that mode paths
1618
+ can be constructed from, for
1619
+ example <code>"mode/%N/%N.js"</code>—the <code>%N</code>'s will
1620
+ be replaced with the mode name. Also
1621
+ defines <code>CodeMirror.autoLoadMode(instance, mode)</code>,
1622
+ which will ensure the given mode is loaded and cause the given
1623
+ editor instance to refresh its mode when the loading
1624
+ succeeded. See the <a href="../demo/loadmode.html">demo</a>.</dd>
1625
+ <dt id="addon_continuecomment"><a href="../addon/edit/continuecomment.js"><code>edit/continuecomment.js</code></a></dt>
1626
+ <dd>Adds an <code>continueComments</code> option, which can be
1627
+ set to true to have the editor prefix new lines inside C-like
1628
+ block comments with an asterisk when Enter is pressed. It can
1629
+ also be set to a string in order to bind this functionality to a
1630
+ specific key..</dd>
1631
+ <dt id="addon_placeholder"><a href="../addon/display/placeholder.js"><code>display/placeholder.js</code></a></dt>
1632
+ <dd>Adds a <code>placeholder</code> option that can be used to
1633
+ make text appear in the editor when it is empty and not focused.
1634
+ Also gives the editor a <code>CodeMirror-empty</code> CSS class
1635
+ whenever it doesn't contain any text.
1636
+ See <a href="../demo/placeholder.html">the demo</a>.</dd>
1637
+ </dl>
1638
+
1639
+ <h2 id="modeapi">Writing CodeMirror Modes</h2>
1640
+
1641
+ <p>Modes typically consist of a single JavaScript file. This file
1642
+ defines, in the simplest case, a lexer (tokenizer) for your
1643
+ language—a function that takes a character stream as input,
1644
+ advances it past a token, and returns a style for that token. More
1645
+ advanced modes can also handle indentation for the language.</p>
1646
+
1647
+ <p id="defineMode">The mode script should
1648
+ call <code>CodeMirror.defineMode</code> to register itself with
1649
+ CodeMirror. This function takes two arguments. The first should be
1650
+ the name of the mode, for which you should use a lowercase string,
1651
+ preferably one that is also the name of the files that define the
1652
+ mode (i.e. <code>"xml"</code> is defined in <code>xml.js</code>). The
1653
+ second argument should be a function that, given a CodeMirror
1654
+ configuration object (the thing passed to
1655
+ the <code>CodeMirror</code> function) and an optional mode
1656
+ configuration object (as in
1657
+ the <a href="#option_mode"><code>mode</code></a> option), returns
1658
+ a mode object.</p>
1659
+
1660
+ <p>Typically, you should use this second argument
1661
+ to <code>defineMode</code> as your module scope function (modes
1662
+ should not leak anything into the global scope!), i.e. write your
1663
+ whole mode inside this function.</p>
1664
+
1665
+ <p>The main responsibility of a mode script is <em>parsing</em>
1666
+ the content of the editor. Depending on the language and the
1667
+ amount of functionality desired, this can be done in really easy
1668
+ or extremely complicated ways. Some parsers can be stateless,
1669
+ meaning that they look at one element (<em>token</em>) of the code
1670
+ at a time, with no memory of what came before. Most, however, will
1671
+ need to remember something. This is done by using a <em>state
1672
+ object</em>, which is an object that is always passed when
1673
+ reading a token, and which can be mutated by the tokenizer.</p>
1674
+
1675
+ <p id="startState">Modes that use a state must define
1676
+ a <code>startState</code> method on their mode object. This is a
1677
+ function of no arguments that produces a state object to be used
1678
+ at the start of a document.</p>
1679
+
1680
+ <p id="token">The most important part of a mode object is
1681
+ its <code>token(stream, state)</code> method. All modes must
1682
+ define this method. It should read one token from the stream it is
1683
+ given as an argument, optionally update its state, and return a
1684
+ style string, or <code>null</code> for tokens that do not have to
1685
+ be styled. For your styles, you are encouraged to use the
1686
+ 'standard' names defined in the themes (without
1687
+ the <code>cm-</code> prefix). If that fails, it is also possible
1688
+ to come up with your own and write your own CSS theme file.<p>
1689
+
1690
+ <p id="StringStream">The stream object that's passed
1691
+ to <code>token</code> encapsulates a line of code (tokens may
1692
+ never span lines) and our current position in that line. It has
1693
+ the following API:</p>
1694
+
1695
+ <dl>
1696
+ <dt><code><strong></strong><strong>eol</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
1697
+ <dd>Returns true only if the stream is at the end of the
1698
+ line.</dd>
1699
+ <dt><code><strong></strong><strong>sol</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
1700
+ <dd>Returns true only if the stream is at the start of the
1701
+ line.</dd>
1702
+
1703
+ <dt><code><strong>peek</strong>() → string</code></dt>
1704
+ <dd>Returns the next character in the stream without advancing
1705
+ it. Will return an <code>null</code> at the end of the
1706
+ line.</dd>
1707
+ <dt><code><strong>next</strong>() → string</code></dt>
1708
+ <dd>Returns the next character in the stream and advances it.
1709
+ Also returns <code>null</code> when no more characters are
1710
+ available.</dd>
1711
+
1712
+ <dt><code><strong>eat</strong>(match: string|regexp|function(char: string) → boolean) → string</code></dt>
1713
+ <dd><code>match</code> can be a character, a regular expression,
1714
+ or a function that takes a character and returns a boolean. If
1715
+ the next character in the stream 'matches' the given argument,
1716
+ it is consumed and returned. Otherwise, <code>undefined</code>
1717
+ is returned.</dd>
1718
+ <dt><code><strong>eatWhile</strong>(match: string|regexp|function(char: string) → boolean) → boolean</code></dt>
1719
+ <dd>Repeatedly calls <code>eat</code> with the given argument,
1720
+ until it fails. Returns true if any characters were eaten.</dd>
1721
+ <dt><code><strong>eatSpace</strong>() → boolean</code></dt>
1722
+ <dd>Shortcut for <code>eatWhile</code> when matching
1723
+ white-space.</dd>
1724
+ <dt><code><strong>skipToEnd</strong>()</code></dt>
1725
+ <dd>Moves the position to the end of the line.</dd>
1726
+ <dt><code><strong>skipTo</strong>(ch: string) → boolean</code></dt>
1727
+ <dd>Skips to the next occurrence of the given character, if
1728
+ found on the current line (doesn't advance the stream if the
1729
+ character does not occur on the line). Returns true if the
1730
+ character was found.</dd>
1731
+ <dt><code><strong>match</strong>(pattern: string, ?consume: boolean, ?caseFold: boolean) → boolean</code></dt>
1732
+ <dt><code><strong>match</strong>(pattern: regexp, ?consume: boolean) → array&lt;string&gt;</code></dt>
1733
+ <dd>Act like a
1734
+ multi-character <code>eat</code>—if <code>consume</code> is true
1735
+ or not given—or a look-ahead that doesn't update the stream
1736
+ position—if it is false. <code>pattern</code> can be either a
1737
+ string or a regular expression starting with <code>^</code>.
1738
+ When it is a string, <code>caseFold</code> can be set to true to
1739
+ make the match case-insensitive. When successfully matching a
1740
+ regular expression, the returned value will be the array
1741
+ returned by <code>match</code>, in case you need to extract
1742
+ matched groups.</dd>
1743
+
1744
+ <dt><code><strong>backUp</strong>(n: integer)</code></dt>
1745
+ <dd>Backs up the stream <code>n</code> characters. Backing it up
1746
+ further than the start of the current token will cause things to
1747
+ break, so be careful.</dd>
1748
+ <dt><code><strong>column</strong>() → integer</code></dt>
1749
+ <dd>Returns the column (taking into account tabs) at which the
1750
+ current token starts.</dd>
1751
+ <dt><code><strong>indentation</strong>() → integer</code></dt>
1752
+ <dd>Tells you how far the current line has been indented, in
1753
+ spaces. Corrects for tab characters.</dd>
1754
+
1755
+ <dt><code><strong>current</strong>() → string</code></dt>
1756
+ <dd>Get the string between the start of the current token and
1757
+ the current stream position.</dd>
1758
+ </dl>
1759
+
1760
+ <p id="blankLine">By default, blank lines are simply skipped when
1761
+ tokenizing a document. For languages that have significant blank
1762
+ lines, you can define a <code>blankLine(state)</code> method on
1763
+ your mode that will get called whenever a blank line is passed
1764
+ over, so that it can update the parser state.</p>
1765
+
1766
+ <p id="copyState">Because state object are mutated, and CodeMirror
1767
+ needs to keep valid versions of a state around so that it can
1768
+ restart a parse at any line, copies must be made of state objects.
1769
+ The default algorithm used is that a new state object is created,
1770
+ which gets all the properties of the old object. Any properties
1771
+ which hold arrays get a copy of these arrays (since arrays tend to
1772
+ be used as mutable stacks). When this is not correct, for example
1773
+ because a mode mutates non-array properties of its state object, a
1774
+ mode object should define a <code>copyState</code> method,
1775
+ which is given a state and should return a safe copy of that
1776
+ state.</p>
1777
+
1778
+ <p id="indent">If you want your mode to provide smart indentation
1779
+ (through the <a href="#indentLine"><code>indentLine</code></a>
1780
+ method and the <code>indentAuto</code>
1781
+ and <code>newlineAndIndent</code> commands, to which keys can be
1782
+ <a href="#option_extraKeys">bound</a>), you must define
1783
+ an <code>indent(state, textAfter)</code> method on your mode
1784
+ object.</p>
1785
+
1786
+ <p>The indentation method should inspect the given state object,
1787
+ and optionally the <code>textAfter</code> string, which contains
1788
+ the text on the line that is being indented, and return an
1789
+ integer, the amount of spaces to indent. It should usually take
1790
+ the <a href="#option_indentUnit"><code>indentUnit</code></a>
1791
+ option into account. An indentation method may
1792
+ return <code>CodeMirror.Pass</code> to indicate that it
1793
+ could not come up with a precise indentation.</p>
1794
+
1795
+ <p id="electricChars">Finally, a mode may define
1796
+ an <code>electricChars</code> property, which should hold a string
1797
+ containing all the characters that should trigger the behaviour
1798
+ described for
1799
+ the <a href="#option_electricChars"><code>electricChars</code></a>
1800
+ option.</p>
1801
+
1802
+ <p>So, to summarize, a mode <em>must</em> provide
1803
+ a <code>token</code> method, and it <em>may</em>
1804
+ provide <code>startState</code>, <code>copyState</code>,
1805
+ and <code>indent</code> methods. For an example of a trivial mode,
1806
+ see the <a href="../mode/diff/diff.js">diff mode</a>, for a more
1807
+ involved example, see the <a href="../mode/clike/clike.js">C-like
1808
+ mode</a>.</p>
1809
+
1810
+ <p>Sometimes, it is useful for modes to <em>nest</em>—to have one
1811
+ mode delegate work to another mode. An example of this kind of
1812
+ mode is the <a href="../mode/htmlmixed/htmlmixed.js">mixed-mode HTML
1813
+ mode</a>. To implement such nesting, it is usually necessary to
1814
+ create mode objects and copy states yourself. To create a mode
1815
+ object, there are <code>CodeMirror.getMode(options,
1816
+ parserConfig)</code>, where the first argument is a configuration
1817
+ object as passed to the mode constructor function, and the second
1818
+ argument is a mode specification as in
1819
+ the <a href="#option_mode"><code>mode</code></a> option. To copy a
1820
+ state object, call <code>CodeMirror.copyState(mode, state)</code>,
1821
+ where <code>mode</code> is the mode that created the given
1822
+ state.</p>
1823
+
1824
+ <p id="innerMode">In a nested mode, it is recommended to add an
1825
+ extra methods, <code>innerMode</code> which, given a state object,
1826
+ returns a <code>{state, mode}</code> object with the inner mode
1827
+ and its state for the current position. These are used by utility
1828
+ scripts such as the <a href="#addon_closetag">tag closer</a> to
1829
+ get context information. Use the <code>CodeMirror.innerMode</code>
1830
+ helper function to, starting from a mode and a state, recursively
1831
+ walk down to the innermost mode and state.</p>
1832
+
1833
+ <p>To make indentation work properly in a nested parser, it is
1834
+ advisable to give the <code>startState</code> method of modes that
1835
+ are intended to be nested an optional argument that provides the
1836
+ base indentation for the block of code. The JavaScript and CSS
1837
+ parser do this, for example, to allow JavaScript and CSS code
1838
+ inside the mixed-mode HTML mode to be properly indented.</p>
1839
+
1840
+ <p>It is possible, and encouraged, to associate your mode, or a
1841
+ certain configuration of your mode, with
1842
+ a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME">MIME</a> type. For
1843
+ example, the JavaScript mode associates itself
1844
+ with <code>text/javascript</code>, and its JSON variant
1845
+ with <code>application/json</code>. To do this,
1846
+ call <code>CodeMirror.defineMIME(mime, modeSpec)</code>,
1847
+ where <code>modeSpec</code> can be a string or object specifying a
1848
+ mode, as in the <a href="#option_mode"><code>mode</code></a>
1849
+ option.</p>
1850
+
1851
+ <p id="extendMode">Sometimes, it is useful to add or override mode
1852
+ object properties from external code.
1853
+ The <code>CodeMirror.extendMode</code> can be used to add
1854
+ properties to mode objects produced for a specific mode. Its first
1855
+ argument is the name of the mode, its second an object that
1856
+ specifies the properties that should be added. This is mostly
1857
+ useful to add utilities that can later be looked
1858
+ up through <a href="#getMode"><code>getMode</code></a>.</p>
1859
+
1860
+ </div><div class="rightsmall blk">
1861
+
1862
+ <h2>Contents</h2>
1863
+
1864
+ <ul>
1865
+ <li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
1866
+ <li><a href="#usage">Basic Usage</a></li>
1867
+ <li><a href="#config">Configuration</a></li>
1868
+ <li><a href="#events">Events</a></li>
1869
+ <li><a href="#keymaps">Keymaps</a></li>
1870
+ <li><a href="#styling">Customized Styling</a></li>
1871
+ <li><a href="#api">Programming API</a>
1872
+ <ul>
1873
+ <li><a href="#api_content">Content manipulation</a></li>
1874
+ <li><a href="#api_selection">Selection</a></li>
1875
+ <li><a href="#api_configuration">Configuration</a></li>
1876
+ <li><a href="#api_doc">Document management</a></li>
1877
+ <li><a href="#api_history">History</a></li>
1878
+ <li><a href="#api_marker">Text-marking</a></li>
1879
+ <li><a href="#api_decoration">Widget, gutter, and decoration</a></li>
1880
+ <li><a href="#api_sizing">Sizing, scrolling, and positioning</a></li>
1881
+ <li><a href="#api_mode">Mode, state, and tokens</a></li>
1882
+ <li><a href="#api_misc">Miscellaneous methods</a></li>
1883
+ <li><a href="#api_static">Static properties</a></li>
1884
+ </ul>
1885
+ </li>
1886
+ <li><a href="#addons">Add-ons</a></li>
1887
+ <li><a href="#modeapi">Writing CodeMirror Modes</a></li>
1888
+ </ul>
1889
+
1890
+ </div></div>
1891
+
1892
+ <div style="height: 2em">&nbsp;</div>
1893
+
1894
+ <script>setTimeout(function(){CodeMirror.colorize();}, 20);</script>
1895
+
1896
+ </body>
1897
+ </html>