luca 0.9.8 → 0.9.9

data/site/html5bp-docs/crossdomain.md

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+[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](http://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation
+table of contents](README.md)
+
+# crossdomain.xml
+
+A cross-domain policy file is an XML document that grants a web client—such as
+Adobe Flash Player, Adobe Reader, etc., permission to handle data across
+multiple domains. When a client hosts content from a particular source domain
+and that content makes requests directed towards a domain other than its own,
+the remote domain would need to host a cross-domain policy file that grants
+access to the source domain, allowing the client to continue with the
+transaction. Policy files grant read access to data, permit a client to include
+custom headers in cross-domain requests, and are also used with sockets to
+grant permissions for socket-based connections.
+
+For full details, check out Adobe's article about the [cross-domain policy file
+specification](http://www.adobe.com/devnet/articles/crossdomain_policy_file_spec.html)
+
+Read the [Cross-domain policy file
+specification](http://learn.adobe.com/wiki/download/attachments/64389123/CrossDomain_PolicyFile_Specification.pdf?version=1)
+- (PDF, 129 KB)

data/site/html5bp-docs/css.md

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+[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](http://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation
+table of contents](README.md)
+
+# The CSS
+
+The HTML5 Boilerplate starting CSS includes:
+
+* [Normalize.css](https://github.com/necolas/normalize.css).
+* Useful HTML5 Boilerplate defaults.
+* Common helpers.
+* Placeholder media queries.
+* Print styles.
+
+This starting CSS does not rely on the presence of conditional classnames,
+conditional style sheets, or Modernizr. It is ready to use whatever your
+development preferences happen to be.
+
+
+## Normalize.css
+
+Normalize.css is a modern, HTML5-ready alternative to CSS resets. It contains
+extensive inline documentation. Please refer to the [Normalize.css
+project](http://necolas.github.com/normalize.css/) for more information.
+
+
+## HTML5 Boilerplate defaults
+
+This project includes a handful of base styles that build upon Normalize.css.
+These include:
+
+* Basic typography settings to provide improved text readability by default.
+* Protection against unwanted `text-shadow` during text highlighting.
+* Tweaks to default image alignment, fieldsets, and textareas.
+* A pretty Chrome Frame prompt.
+
+You are free to modify or add to these base styles as your project requires.
+
+
+## Common helpers
+
+#### `.ir`
+
+Add the `.ir` class to any element you are applying image-replacement to. When
+replacing an element's content with an image, make sure to also set a specific
+`background-image: url(pathtoimage.png);`, `width`, and `height` so that your
+replacement image appears.
+
+#### `.hidden`
+
+Add the `.hidden` class to any elements that you want to hide from all
+presentations, including screen readers. It could be an element that will be
+populated later with JavaScript or an element you will hide with JavaScript. Do
+not use this for SEO keyword stuffing. That is just not cool.
+
+#### `.visuallyhidden`
+
+Add the `.visuallyhidden` class to hide text from browsers but make it
+available for screen readers. You can use this to hide text that is specific to
+screen readers but that other users should not see. [About invisible
+content](http://www.webaim.org/techniques/css/invisiblecontent/), [Hiding
+content for
+accessibility](http://snook.ca/archives/html_and_css/hiding-content-for-accessibility),
+[HTML5 Boilerplate
+issue/research](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/194/).
+
+#### `.invisible`
+
+Add the `.invisible` class to any element you want to hide without affecting
+layout. When you use `display: none` an element is effectively removed from the
+layout. But in some cases you want the element to simply be invisible while
+remaining in the flow and not affecting the positioning of surrounding
+content.
+
+#### `.clearfix`
+
+Adding `.clearfix` to an element will ensure that it always fully contains its
+floated children. There have been many variants of the clearfix hack over the
+years, and there are other hacks that can also help you to contain floated
+children, but the HTML5 Boilerplate currently uses the [micro
+clearfix](http://nicolasgallagher.com/micro-clearfix-hack/).
+
+
+## Media Queries
+
+The boilerplate makes it easy to get started with a "Mobile First" and
+[Responsive Web
+Design](http://www.alistapart.com/articles/responsive-web-design/) approach to
+development. But it's worth remembering that there are [no silver
+bullets](http://www.cloudfour.com/css-media-query-for-mobile-is-fools-gold/).
+
+We include a placeholder Media Queries to build up your mobile styles for wider
+viewports and high-resolution displays. It's recommended that you adapt these
+Media Queries based on the content of your site rather than mirroring the fixed
+dimensions of specific devices.
+
+If you do not want to take a "Mobile First" approach, you can simply edit or
+remove these placeholder Media Queries. One possibility would be to work from
+wide viewports down and use `max-width` MQs instead, e.g., `@media only screen
+and (max-width: 480px)`.
+
+Take a look into the [Mobile
+Boilerplate](https://github.com/h5bp/mobile-boilerplate) for features that are
+useful when developing mobile wep apps.
+
+
+## Print styles
+
+* Print styles are inlined to [reduce the number of page
+  requests](http://www.phpied.com/delay-loading-your-print-css/).
+* We strip all background colors and change the font color to dark gray and
+  remove text-shadow. This is meant to help save printer ink.
+* Anchors do not need colors to indicate they are linked. They are underlined
+  to indicate so.
+* Anchors and Abbreviations are expanded to indicate where users reading the
+  printed page can refer to.
+* But we do not want to show link text for image replaced elements (given that
+  they are primarily images).
+
+### Paged media styles
+
+* Paged media is supported only in a [few
+  browsers](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_layout_engines_%28Cascading_Style_Sheets%29#Grammar_and_rules).
+* Paged media support means browsers would know how to interpret instructions
+  on breaking content into pages and on orphans/widows.
+* We use `page-break-inside: avoid;` to prevent an image and table row from
+  being split into two different pages, so use the same `page-break-inside:
+  avoid;` for that as well.
+* Headings should always appear with the text they are titles for. So, we
+  ensure headings never appear in a different page than the text they describe
+  by using `page-break-after: avoid;`.
+* We also apply a default margin for the page specified in `cm`.
+* We do not want [orphans and
+  widows](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widows_and_orphans) to appear on pages
+  you print. So, by defining `orphans: 3` and `widows: 3` you define the minimal
+  number of words that every line should contain.

data/site/html5bp-docs/extend.md

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+[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](http://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation
+table of contents](README.md)
+
+# Extend and customise HTML5 Boilerplate
+
+Here is some useful advice for how you can make your project with HTML5
+Boilerplate even better. We don't want to include it all by default, as not
+everything fits with everyone's needs.
+
+
+## DNS prefetching
+
+In short, DNS Prefetching is a method of informing the browser of domain names
+referenced on a site so that the client can resolve the DNS for those hosts,
+cache them, and when it comes time to use them, have a faster turn around on
+the request.
+
+### Implicit prefetches
+
+There is a lot of prefetching done for you automatically by the browser. When
+the browser encounters an anchor in your html that does not share the same
+domain name as the current location the browser requests, from the client OS,
+the IP address for this new domain. The client first checks its cache and
+then, lacking a cached copy, makes a request from a DNS server. These requests
+happen in the background and are not meant to block the rendering of the
+page.
+
+The goal of this is that when the foreign IP address is finally needed it will
+already be in the client cache and will not block the loading of the foreign
+content. Less requests result in faster page load times. The perception of this
+is increased on a mobile platform where DNS latency can be greater.
+
+#### Disable implicit prefetching
+
+```html
+<meta http-equiv="x-dns-prefetch-control" content="off">
+```
+
+Even with X-DNS-Prefetch-Control meta tag (or http header) browsers will still
+prefetch any explicit dns-prefetch links.
+
+**_WARNING:_** THIS MAY MAKE YOUR SITE SLOWER IF YOU RELY ON RESOURCES FROM
+FOREIGN DOMAINS.
+
+### Explicit prefetches
+
+Typically the browser only scans the HTML for foreign domains. If you have
+resources that are outside of your HTML (a javascript request to a remote
+server or a CDN that hosts content that may not be present on every page of
+your site, for example) then you can queue up a domain name to be prefetched.
+
+```html
+<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//example.com">
+<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.googleapis.com">
+```
+
+You can use as many of these as you need, but it's best if they are all
+immediately after the [Meta
+Charset](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/HTML/Element/meta#attr-charset)
+element (which should go right at the top of the `head`), so the browser can
+act on them ASAP.
+
+#### Common Prefetch Links
+
+Amazon S3:
+
+```html
+<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//s3.amazonaws.com">
+```
+
+Google APIs:
+
+```html
+<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.googleapis.com">
+```
+
+Microsoft Ajax Content Delivery Network:
+
+```html
+<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.microsoft.com">
+<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.aspnetcdn.com">
+```
+
+### Browser support for DNS prefetching
+
+Chrome, Firefox 3.5+, Safari 5+, Opera (Unknown), IE 9 (called "Pre-resolution"
+on blogs.msdn.com)
+
+### Further reading about DNS prefetching
+
+* https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Controlling_DNS_prefetching
+* http://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/dns-prefetching
+* http://www.apple.com/safari/whats-new.html
+* http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2011/03/17/internet-explorer-9-network-performance-improvements.aspx
+* http://dayofjs.com/videos/22158462/web-browsers_alex-russel
+
+
+## Search
+
+### Direct search spiders to your sitemap
+
+[Learn how to make a sitemap](http://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.php)
+
+```html
+<link rel="sitemap" type="application/xml" title="Sitemap" href="/sitemap.xml">
+```
+
+### Hide pages from search engines
+
+According to Heather Champ, former community manager at Flickr, you should not
+allow search engines to index your "Contact Us" or "Complaints" page if you
+value your sanity. This is an HTML-centric way of achieving that.
+
+```html
+<meta name="robots" content="noindex">
+```
+
+**_WARNING:_** DO NOT INCLUDE ON PAGES THAT SHOULD APPEAR IN SEARCH ENGINES.
+
+### Firefox and IE Search Plugins
+
+Sites with in-site search functionality should be strongly considered for a
+browser search plugin. A "search plugin" is an XML file which defines how your
+plugin behaves in the browser. [How to make a browser search
+plugin](http://www.google.com/search?ie=UTF-8&q=how+to+make+browser+search+plugin).
+
+```html
+<link rel="search" title="" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="">
+```
+
+
+## Internet Explorer
+
+### Prompt users to switch to "Desktop Mode" in IE10 Metro
+
+IE10 does not support plugins, such as Flash, in Metro mode. If your site
+requires plugins, you can let users know that via the X-UA-Compatible meta
+element, which will prompt them to switch to Desktop Mode.
+
+```html
+<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="requiresActiveX=true">
+```
+
+Here's what it looks like alongside H5BP's default X-UA-Compatible values:
+
+```html
+<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1,requiresActiveX=true">
+```
+
+You can find more information in [Microsoft's IEBlog post about prompting for
+plugin use in IE10 Metro
+Mode](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2012/01/31/web-sites-and-a-plug-in-free-web.aspx).
+
+### IE Pinned Sites (IE9+)
+
+Enabling your application for pinning will allow IE9 users to add it to their
+Windows Taskbar and Start Menu. This comes with a range of new tools that you
+can easily configure with the elements below. See more [documentation on IE9
+Pinned Sites](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg131029.aspx).
+
+### Name the Pinned Site for Windows
+
+Without this rule, Windows will use the page title as the name for your
+application.
+
+```html
+<meta name="application-name" content="Sample Title">
+```
+
+### Give your Pinned Site a tooltip
+
+You know — a tooltip. A little textbox that appears when the user holds their
+mouse over your Pinned Site's icon.
+
+```html
+<meta name="msapplication-tooltip" content="A description of what this site does.">
+```
+
+### Set a default page for your Pinned Site
+
+If the site should go to a specific URL when it is pinned (such as the
+homepage), enter it here. One idea is to send it to a special URL so you can
+track the number of pinned users, like so:
+`http://www.example.com/index.html?pinned=true`
+
+```html
+<meta name="msapplication-starturl" content="http://www.example.com/index.html?pinned=true">
+```
+
+### Recolor IE's controls manually for a Pinned Site
+
+IE9+ will automatically use the overall color of your Pinned Site's favicon to
+shade its browser buttons. UNLESS you give it another color here. Only use
+named colors (`red`) or hex colors (`#ff0000`).
+
+```html
+<meta name="msapplication-navbutton-color" content="#ff0000">
+```
+
+### Manually set the window size of a Pinned Site
+
+If the site should open at a certain window size once pinned, you can specify
+the dimensions here. It only supports static pixel dimensions. 800x600
+minimum.
+
+```html
+<meta name="msapplication-window" content="width=800;height=600">
+```
+
+### Jump List "Tasks" for Pinned Sites
+
+Add Jump List Tasks that will appear when the Pinned Site's icon gets a
+right-click. Each Task goes to the specified URL, and gets its own mini icon
+(essentially a favicon, a 16x16 .ICO). You can add as many of these as you
+need.
+
+```html
+<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=Task 1;action-uri=http://host/Page1.html;icon-uri=http://host/icon1.ico">
+<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=Task 2;action-uri=http://microsoft.com/Page2.html;icon-uri=http://host/icon2.ico">
+```
+
+### (Windows 8) High quality visuals for Pinned Sites
+
+Windows 8 adds the ability for you to provide a PNG tile image and specify the
+tile's background color. [Full details on the IE
+blog](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2012/06/08/high-quality-visuals-for-pinned-sites-in-windows-8.aspx).
+
+* Create a 144x144 image of your site icon, filling all of the canvas, and
+  using a transparent background.
+* Save this image as a 32-bit PNG and optimize it without reducing
+  colour-depth. It can be named whatever you want (e.g. `metro-tile.png`).
+* To reference the tile and its color, add the HTML `meta` elements described
+  in the IE Blog post.
+
+### (Windows 8) Badges for Pinned Sites
+
+IE10 will poll an XML document for badge information to display on your app's
+tile in the Start screen. The user will be able to receive these badge updates
+even when your app isn't actively running. The badge's value can be a number,
+or one of a predefined list of glyphs.
+
+* [Tutorial on IEBlog with link to badge XML schema](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2012/04/03/pinned-sites-in-windows-8.aspx)
+* [Available badge values](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/br212849.aspx)
+
+```html
+<meta name="msapplication-badge" value="frequency=NUMBER_IN_MINUTES;polling-uri=http://www.example.com/path/to/file.xml">
+```
+
+### Suppress IE6 image toolbar
+
+Kill IE6's pop-up-on-mouseover toolbar for images that can interfere with
+certain designs and be pretty distracting in general.
+
+```html
+<meta http-equiv="imagetoolbar" content="false">
+```
+
+
+## Social Networks
+
+### Facebook Open Graph data
+
+You can control the information that Facebook and others display when users
+share your site. Below are just the most basic data points you might need. For
+specific content types (including "website"), see [Facebook's built-in Open
+Graph content
+templates](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/opengraph/objects/builtin/).
+Take full advantage of Facebook's support for complex data and activity by
+following the [Open Graph
+tutorial](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/opengraph/tutorial/).
+
+```html
+<meta property="og:title" content="">
+<meta property="og:description" content="">
+<meta property="og:image" content="">
+```
+
+### Twitter Cards
+
+Twitter provides a snippet specification that serves a similar purpose to Open
+Graph. In fact, Twitter will use Open Graph when Cards is not available. Note
+that, as of this writing, Twitter requires that app developers activate Cards
+on a per-domain basis. You can read more about the various snippet formats
+and application process in the [official Twitter Cards
+documentation](https://dev.twitter.com/docs/cards).
+
+```html
+<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
+<meta name="twitter:site" content="@site_account">
+<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@individual_account">
+<meta name="twitter:url" content="http://www.example.com/path/to/page.html">
+<meta name="twitter:title" content="">
+<meta name="twitter:description" content="">
+<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://www.example.com/path/to/image.jpg">
+```
+
+
+## URLs
+
+### Canonical URL
+
+Signal to search engines and others "Use this URL for this page!" Useful when
+parameters after a `#` or `?` is used to control the display state of a page.
+`http://www.example.com/cart.html?shopping-cart-open=true` can be indexed as
+the cleaner, more accurate `http://www.example.com/cart.html`.
+
+```html
+<link rel="canonical" href="">
+```
+
+### Official shortlink
+
+Signal to the world "This is the shortened URL to use this page!" Poorly
+supported at this time. Learn more by reading the [article about shortlinks on
+the Microformats wiki](http://microformats.org/wiki/rel-shortlink).
+
+```html
+<link rel="shortlink" href="h5bp.com">
+```
+
+
+## News Feeds
+
+### RSS
+
+Have an RSS feed? Link to it here. Want to [learn how to write an RSS feed from
+scratch](http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification)?
+
+```html
+<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="/rss.xml">
+```
+
+### Atom
+
+Atom is similar to RSS, and you might prefer to use it instead of or in
+addition to it. [See what Atom's all
+about](http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/).
+
+```html
+<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom" href="/atom.xml">
+```
+
+### Pingbacks
+
+Your server may be notified when another site links to yours. The href
+attribute should contain the location of your pingback service.
+
+```html
+<link rel="pingback" href="">
+```
+
+* High-level explanation: http://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging#Pingbacks
+* Step-by-step example case: http://www.hixie.ch/specs/pingback/pingback-1.0#TOC5
+* PHP pingback service: http://blog.perplexedlabs.com/2009/07/15/xmlrpc-pingbacks-using-php/
+
+
+## App Stores
+
+### Install a Chrome Web Store app
+
+Users can install a Chrome app directly from your website, as long as the app
+and site have been associated via Google's Webmaster Tools. Read more on
+[Chrome Web Store's Inline Installation
+docs](https://developers.google.com/chrome/web-store/docs/inline_installation).
+
+```html
+<link rel="chrome-webstore-item" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/APP_ID">
+```
+
+### Smart App Banners in iOS 6 Safari
+
+Stop bothering everyone with gross modals advertising your entry in the App Store.
+This bit of code will unintrusively allow the user the option to download your iOS
+app, or open it with some data about the user's current state on the website.
+
+```html
+<meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=APP_ID,app-argument=SOME_TEXT">
+```
+
+## Google Analytics augments
+
+### More tracking settings
+
+The [optimized Google Analytics
+snippet](http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet) included with
+HTML5 Boilerplate includes something like this:
+
+```js
+var _gaq = [['_setAccount', 'UA-XXXXX-X'], ['_trackPageview']];
+```
+
+In case you need more settings, just extend the array literal instead of
+[`.push()`ing to the
+array](http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet#dont-push-it)
+afterwards:
+
+```js
+var _gaq = [['_setAccount', 'UA-XXXXX-X'], ['_trackPageview'], ['_setAllowAnchor', true]];
+```
+
+### Anonymize IP addresses
+
+In some countries, no personal data may be transferred outside jurisdictions
+that do not have similarly strict laws (i.e. from Germany to outside the EU).
+Thus a webmaster using the Google Analytics script may have to ensure that no
+personal (trackable) data is transferred to the US. You can do that with [the
+`_gat.anonymizeIp`
+option](http://code.google.com/apis/analytics/docs/gaJS/gaJSApi_gat.html#_gat._anonymizeIp).
+In use it looks like this:
+
+```js
+var _gaq = [['_setAccount', 'UA-XXXXX-X'], ['_gat._anonymizeIp'], ['_trackPageview']];
+```
+
+### Track jQuery AJAX requests in Google Analytics
+
+An article by @JangoSteve explains how to [track jQuery AJAX requests in Google
+Analytics](http://www.alfajango.com/blog/track-jquery-ajax-requests-in-google-analytics/).
+
+Add this to `plugins.js`:
+
+```js
+/*
+ * Log all jQuery AJAX requests to Google Analytics
+ * See: http://www.alfajango.com/blog/track-jquery-ajax-requests-in-google-analytics/
+ */
+if (typeof _gaq !== "undefined" && _gaq !== null) {
+    $(document).ajaxSend(function(event, xhr, settings){
+        _gaq.push(['_trackPageview', settings.url]);
+    });
+}
+```
+
+### Track JavaScript errors in Google Analytics
+
+Add this function after `_gaq` is defined:
+
+```js
+(function(window){
+    var undefined,
+        link = function (href) {
+            var a = window.document.createElement('a');
+            a.href = href;
+            return a;
+        };
+    window.onerror = function (message, file, row) {
+        var host = link(file).hostname;
+        _gaq.push([
+            '_trackEvent',
+            (host == window.location.hostname || host == undefined || host == '' ? '' : 'external ') + 'error',
+            message, file + ' LINE: ' + row, undefined, undefined, true
+        ]);
+    };
+}(window));
+```
+
+### Track page scroll
+
+Add this function after `_gaq` is defined:
+
+```js
+$(function(){
+    var isDuplicateScrollEvent,
+        scrollTimeStart = new Date,
+        $window = $(window),
+        $document = $(document),
+        scrollPercent;
+
+    $window.scroll(function() {
+        scrollPercent = Math.round(100 * ($window.height() + $window.scrollTop())/$document.height());
+        if (scrollPercent > 90 && !isDuplicateScrollEvent) { //page scrolled to 90%
+            isDuplicateScrollEvent = 1;
+            _gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'scroll',
+                'Window: ' + $window.height() + 'px; Document: ' + $document.height() + 'px; Time: ' + Math.round((new Date - scrollTimeStart )/1000,1) + 's',
+                undefined, undefined, true
+            ]);
+        }
+    });
+});
+```
+
+
+## Miscellaneous
+
+* Use [HTML5
+  polyfills](https://github.com/Modernizr/Modernizr/wiki/HTML5-Cross-browser-Polyfills).
+
+* Use [Microformats](http://microformats.org/wiki/Main_Page) (via
+  [microdata](http://microformats.org/wiki/microdata)) for optimum search
+  results
+  [visibility](http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2009/05/introducing-rich-snippets.html).
+
+* If you're building a web app you may want [native style momentum scrolling in
+  iOS5](http://johanbrook.com/browsers/native-momentum-scrolling-ios-5/) using
+  `-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch`.
+
+* Avoid development/stage websites "leaking" into SERPs (search engine results
+  page) by [implementing X-Robots-tag
+  headers](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/804).
+
+* Screen readers currently have less-than-stellar support for HTML5 but the JS
+  script [accessifyhtml5.js](https://github.com/yatil/accessifyhtml5.js) can
+  help increase accessibility by adding ARIA roles to HTML5 elements.
+
+
+*Many thanks to [Brian Blakely](https://github.com/brianblakely) for
+contributing much of this information.*