long-decimal 0.00.06

data/test/testlongdecimal.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1731 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# testlongdecimal.rb -- runit test for longdecimal.rb
+#
+# CVS-ID:    $Header: /var/cvs/long-decimal/long-decimal/test/testlongdecimal.rb,v 1.2 2006/02/25 19:52:11 bk1 Exp $
+# CVS-Label: $Name: PRE_ALPHA_0_06 $
+# Author:    $Author: bk1 $ (Karl Brodowsky)
+#
+
+require "runit/testcase"
+require "runit/cui/testrunner"
+require "runit/testsuite"
+
+load "lib/longdecimal.rb"
+
+class TestLongDecimal_class < RUNIT::TestCase
+
+  @RCS_ID='-$Id: testlongdecimal.rb,v 1.2 2006/02/25 19:52:11 bk1 Exp $-'
+
+  def test_gcd_with_high_power
+    n = 224
+    assert_equal(32, n.gcd_with_high_power(2), "2-part of 224 is 32")
+    assert_equal(7, n.gcd_with_high_power(7), "7-part of 224 is 7")
+    assert_equal(1, n.gcd_with_high_power(3), "3-part of 224 is 1")
+  end
+
+  def test_multiplicity_of_factor
+    n = 224
+    assert_equal(5, n.multiplicity_of_factor(2), "ny_2(224) is 5")
+    assert_equal(1, n.multiplicity_of_factor(7), "ny_7(224) is 1")
+    assert_equal(0, n.multiplicity_of_factor(3), "ny_3(224) is 0")
+  end
+
+  def test_rat_multiplicity_of_factor
+    n = Rational(224, 225)
+    assert_equal(5, n.multiplicity_of_factor(2), "ny_2(n) is 5")
+    assert_equal(1, n.multiplicity_of_factor(7), "ny_7(n) is 1")
+    assert_equal(-2, n.multiplicity_of_factor(3), "ny_3(n) is -2")
+    assert_equal(-2, n.multiplicity_of_factor(5), "ny_5(n) is -2")
+    assert_equal(0, n.multiplicity_of_factor(11), "ny_11(n) is 0")
+  end
+
+  def test_rat_long_multiplicity_of_factor
+    n = Rational(224*(10**600+1), 225*(5**800))
+    assert_equal(5, n.multiplicity_of_factor(2), "ny_2(n) is 5")
+    assert_equal(1, n.multiplicity_of_factor(7), "ny_7(n) is 1")
+    assert_equal(-2, n.multiplicity_of_factor(3), "ny_3(n) is -2")
+    assert_equal(-802, n.multiplicity_of_factor(5), "ny_5(n) is -2")
+    assert_equal(0, n.multiplicity_of_factor(11), "ny_11(n) is 0")
+  end
+
+  def test_int_init
+    l = LongDecimal(224)
+    assert_equal(224, l.to_i, "no loss of information for integers allowed")
+    l = LongDecimal(-333)
+    assert_equal(-333, l.to_i, "no loss of information for integers allowed")
+    l = LongDecimal(1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
+    assert_equal(1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000, l.to_i, "no loss of information for integers allowed")
+    l = LongDecimal(19, 1)
+    assert_equal(1, l.to_i, "loss of information 1.9->1")
+  end
+
+  def test_rat_init
+    r = Rational(227, 100)
+    l = LongDecimal(r)
+    assert_equal(r, l.to_r, "no loss of information for rationals with denominator power of 10 allowed l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(r, 3)
+    assert_equal(r, l.to_r * 1000, "scaling for rationals")
+    r = Rational(224, 225)
+    l = LongDecimal(r)
+    assert((r - l.to_r).to_f.abs < 0.01, "difference of #{r.inspect} and #{l.inspect} must be less 0.01 but is #{(r - l.to_r).to_f.abs}")
+  end
+
+  def test_float_init
+    s = "5.32"
+    l = LongDecimal(s)
+    assert_equal(s, l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    f = 2.24
+    l = LongDecimal(f)
+    assert_equal(f.to_s, l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} f=#{f.inspect}")
+    f = 2.71E-4
+    l = LongDecimal(f)
+    assert_equal("0.000271", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} f=#{f.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_round_to_scale_up
+    l = LongDecimal("2.21")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_UP)
+    assert_equal("2.3", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.21", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.21")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_UP)
+    assert_equal("-2.3", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.21", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.20")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_UP)
+    assert_equal("2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.20", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.20")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_UP)
+    assert_equal("-2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.20", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.24")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_UP)
+    assert_equal("2.2400", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_round_to_scale_down
+    l = LongDecimal("2.29")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.29", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.29")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("-2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.29", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.20")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.20", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.20")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("-2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.20", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.24")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("2.2400", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_round_to_scale_ceiling
+    l = LongDecimal("2.21")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_CEILING)
+    assert_equal("2.3", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.21", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.29")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_CEILING)
+    assert_equal("-2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.29", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.20")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_CEILING)
+    assert_equal("2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.20", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.20")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_CEILING)
+    assert_equal("-2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.20", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.24")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_CEILING)
+    assert_equal("2.2400", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_round_to_scale_floor
+    l = LongDecimal("2.29")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR)
+    assert_equal("2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.29", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.21")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR)
+    assert_equal("-2.3", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.21", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.20")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR)
+    assert_equal("2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.20", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.20")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR)
+    assert_equal("-2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.20", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.24")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR)
+    assert_equal("2.2400", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_round_to_scale_half_up
+    l = LongDecimal("2.20")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.20", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.21")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.21", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.25")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("2.3", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.25", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.29")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("2.3", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.29", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.20")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("-2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.20", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.21")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("-2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.21", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.25")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("-2.3", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.25", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.29")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("-2.3", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.29", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.24")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("2.2400", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_round_to_scale_half_down
+    l = LongDecimal("2.20")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.20", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.21")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.21", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.25")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.25", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.29")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("2.3", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.29", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.20")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("-2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.20", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.21")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("-2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.21", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.25")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("-2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.25", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.29")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("-2.3", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.29", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.24")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("2.2400", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_round_to_scale_half_even
+    l = LongDecimal("2.20")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.20", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.21")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.21", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.25")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.25", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.35")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("2.4", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.35", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.29")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("2.3", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("2.29", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.20")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("-2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.20", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.21")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("-2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.21", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.25")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("-2.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.25", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.35")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("-2.4", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.35", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("-2.29")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("-2.3", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_equal("-2.29", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.24")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("2.2400", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_round_to_scale_unnecessary
+    l = LongDecimal("2.24")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_UNNECESSARY)
+    assert_equal("2.2400", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal("2.2400")
+    r = l.round_to_scale(2, LongDecimal::ROUND_UNNECESSARY)
+    assert_equal("2.24", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    begin
+      l = LongDecimal("2.24")
+      r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_UNNECESSARY)
+      assert_fail("should not have succeeded l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    rescue ArgumentError
+      # ignored
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_to_s
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 0)
+    assert_equal("224", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 1)
+    assert_equal("22.4", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+    assert_equal("2.24", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 3)
+    assert_equal("0.224", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 4)
+    assert_equal("0.0224", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+
+    l = LongDecimal(-224, 0)
+    assert_equal("-224", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(-224, 1)
+    assert_equal("-22.4", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(-224, 2)
+    assert_equal("-2.24", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(-224, 3)
+    assert_equal("-0.224", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(-224, 4)
+    assert_equal("-0.0224", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_to_r
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 0)
+    assert_equal(l, l.to_r.to_ld, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 1)
+    assert_equal(l, l.to_r.to_ld, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+    assert_equal(l, l.to_r.to_ld, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 3)
+    assert_equal(l, l.to_r.to_ld, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 4)
+    assert_equal(l, l.to_r.to_ld, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_to_f
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 0)
+    assert((l.to_f - 224).abs < 224 * 0.000001, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 1)
+    assert((l.to_f - 22.4).abs < 22.4 * 0.000001, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+    assert((l.to_f - 2.24).abs < 2.24 * 0.000001, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 3)
+    assert((l.to_f - 0.224).abs < 0.224 * 0.000001, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 4)
+    assert((l.to_f - 0.0224).abs < 0.0224 * 0.000001, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_to_i
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 0)
+    assert_equal(224, l.to_i, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 1)
+    assert_equal(22, l.to_i, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+    assert_equal(2, l.to_i, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 3)
+    assert_equal(0, l.to_i, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(224, 4)
+    assert_equal(0, l.to_i, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(229, 1)
+    assert_equal(22, l.to_i, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(-229, 1)
+    assert_equal(-23, l.to_i, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimal(-221, 1)
+    assert_equal(-23, l.to_i, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_equalize_scale
+    x = LongDecimal(1, 0)
+    y = LongDecimal(10, 1)
+    assert_equal(0, (x - y).sgn, "difference must be 0")
+    assert(! (x == y), "x and y have the same value, but are not equal")
+    u, v = x.equalize_scale(y)
+    assert_equal(u, v, "u and v must be equal")
+    assert_equal(y, v, "y and v must be equal")
+    assert_equal(1, u.scale, "scale must be 1")
+    y = LongDecimal(200, 2)
+    v, u = y.equalize_scale(x)
+    assert_equal(2, u.scale, "scale must be 2")
+    assert_equal(2, v.scale, "scale must be 2")
+    assert_equal(100, u.int_val, "int_val must be 100")
+    assert_equal(200, v.int_val, "int_val must be 200")
+  end
+
+  def test_anti_equalize_scale
+    x = LongDecimal(20, 3)
+    y = LongDecimal(10, 1)
+    u, v = x.anti_equalize_scale(y)
+    assert_equal(0, u.scale, "scale must be 0")
+    assert_equal(0, v.scale, "scale must be 0")
+    assert_equal(20, u.int_val, "int_val must be 20")
+    assert_equal(1000, v.int_val, "int_val must be 1000")
+  end
+
+  def test_negation
+    x = LongDecimal(0, 5)
+    assert_equal(-x, x, "x and -x are equal for negative x=#{x.inspect}")
+    x = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+    y = -x
+    assert_equal(-1, y.sgn, "sign of y must be -1 y=#{y.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(2, y.scale, "scale of y must be 2 y=#{y.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(-224, y.int_val, "int_val of y must be -224 y=#{y.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_add
+    x = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+
+    y = LongDecimal(3, 1)
+    z = x + y
+    zz = LongDecimal(254, 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y + x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5
+    z = x + y
+    zz = LongDecimal(724, 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y + x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5.001
+    z = x + y
+    zz = LongDecimal(724, 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y + x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Rational(5, 3)
+    z = x + y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(293, 75), 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y + x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(5, 3), 3)
+    z = x + y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(293, 75), 3)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y + x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Complex(5, 3)
+    z = x + y
+    zz = Complex(7.24, 3)
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y + x
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_sub
+    x = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+
+    y = LongDecimal(3, 1)
+    z = x - y
+    zz = LongDecimal(194, 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y - x
+    zz = LongDecimal(-194, 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5
+    z = x - y
+    zz = LongDecimal(-276, 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y - x
+    zz = LongDecimal(276, 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5.001
+    z = x - y
+    zz = LongDecimal(-276, 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y - x
+    zz = LongDecimal(276, 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Rational(5, 3)
+    z = x - y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(43, 75), 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y - x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-43, 75), 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(5, 3), 3)
+    z = x - y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(43, 75), 3)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y - x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-43, 75), 3)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Complex(5, 3)
+    z = x - y
+    zz = Complex(-2.76, -3)
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y - x
+    zz = Complex(2.76, 3)
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_mul
+    x = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+
+    y = LongDecimal(3, 1)
+    z = x * y
+    zz = LongDecimal(224*3, 3)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y * x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5
+    z = x * y
+    zz = LongDecimal(224*5, 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y * x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5.001
+    z = x * y
+    zz = LongDecimal(112000, 4)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y * x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Rational(5, 3)
+    z = x * y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*5, 300), 4)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y * x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(5, 3), 3)
+    z = x * y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*5, 300), 5)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y * x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Complex(5, 3)
+    z = x * y
+    zz = Complex(11.20, 6.72)
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y * x
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_div
+    x = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+
+    y = LongDecimal(3, 1)
+    z = x / y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 30), 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y / x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(30, 224), 1)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5
+    z = x / y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 500), 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y / x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(500, 224), 0)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5.001
+    z = x / y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 500), 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y / x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(500, 224), 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Rational(5, 3)
+    z = x / y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*3, 500), 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y / x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(500, 224*3), 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(5, 3), 3)
+    z = x / y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*3, 500), 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y / x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(500, 224*3), 3)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Complex(5, 3)
+    z = x / y
+    zz = 2.24 / Complex(5, 3)
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y / x
+    zz = Complex(5 / 2.24, 3 / 2.24)
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_pow
+
+    x = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+
+    y = 0.5
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = Math.sqrt(2.24)
+    assert_kind_of(Float, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be Float")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 0
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = LongDecimal(1, 0)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "must be 1")
+
+    y = 1
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "must be self")
+
+    y = 2
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = LongDecimal(224**2, 4)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "must be self")
+
+    y = LongDecimal(2, 0)
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = LongDecimal(224**2, 4)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "must be self")
+
+    y = -1
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(100, 224), 2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be LongDecimalQuot")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "must be inverse")
+
+    y = -2
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(10000, 224**2), 4)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be LongDecimalQuot")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "must be inverse")
+
+    y = LongDecimal(5, 1)
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = Math.sqrt(2.24)
+    assert_kind_of(Float, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be Float")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimal(5, 1)
+    z = 9 ** y
+    zz = 3.0
+    assert_kind_of(Float, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be Float")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_divmod
+    x = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+
+    y = LongDecimal(3, 1)
+    q, r = x.divmod y
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "r must be LongDecimalQuot")
+    assert(r.abs < y.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 30), 2)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / y, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    q, r = y.divmod x
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < x.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(30, 224), 2)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / x, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5
+    q, r = x.divmod y
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < y.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 500), 2)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / y, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    q, r = y.divmod x
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < x.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(500, 224), 2)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / x, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5.001
+    q, r = x.divmod y
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < y.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 500), 2)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / y, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    q, r = y.divmod x
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < x.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(500, 224), 2)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / x, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+
+    y = Rational(5, 3)
+    q, r = x.divmod y
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < y.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*3, 500), 2)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / y, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    q, r = y.divmod x
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < x.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(500, 224*3), 2)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / x, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(5, 3), 3)
+    q, r = x.divmod y
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < y.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*3, 500), 6)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / y, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    q, r = y.divmod x
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < x.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(500, 224*3), 3)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / x, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+
+    y = Complex(5, 3)
+    begin
+      q, r = x.divmod y
+      assert_fail "should have created TypeError"
+    rescue TypeError
+      # ignored, expected
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_abs
+    x = LongDecimal(-224, 2)
+    y = x.abs
+    assert_equal(-x, y, "abs of negative")
+    x = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+    y = x.abs
+    assert_equal(x, y, "abs of positive")
+    x = LongDecimal(0, 2)
+    y = x.abs
+    assert_equal(x, y, "abs of zero")
+  end
+
+  def test_move_point
+    x = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+
+    y = x.move_point_left(0)
+    assert_equal(x, y, "point not moved")
+    y = x.move_point_right(0)
+    assert_equal(x, y, "point not moved")
+
+    z = LongDecimal(224, 3)
+    y = x.move_point_left(1)
+    assert_equal(z, y, "0.224")
+    y = x.move_point_right(-1)
+    assert_equal(z, y, "0.224")
+
+    z = LongDecimal(224, 1)
+    y = x.move_point_left(-1)
+    assert_equal(z, y, "22.4")
+    y = x.move_point_right(1)
+    assert_equal(z, y, "22.4")
+
+    z = LongDecimal(224, 5)
+    y = x.move_point_left(3)
+    assert_equal(z, y, "0.00224")
+    y = x.move_point_right(-3)
+    assert_equal(z, y, "0.00224")
+
+    z = LongDecimal(2240, 0)
+    y = x.move_point_left(-3)
+    assert_equal(z, y, "2240")
+    y = x.move_point_right(3)
+    assert_equal(z, y, "2240")
+  end
+
+  def test_ufo
+    x = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+
+    z = x <=> x
+    zz = 0
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    y = LongDecimal(2240, 3)
+    z = y <=> x
+    zz = 0
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimal(3, 1)
+    z = x <=> y
+    zz = 1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y <=> x
+    zz = -1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5
+    z = x <=> y
+    zz = -1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y <=> x
+    zz = 1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5.001
+    z = x <=> y
+    zz = -1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y <=> x
+    zz = 1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Rational(5, 3)
+    z = x <=> y
+    zz = 1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y <=> x
+    zz = -1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(5, 3), 3)
+    z = x <=> y
+    zz = 1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y <=> x
+    zz = -1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+  end
+
+  def test_sgn
+    x = LongDecimal(0, 5)
+    s = x.sgn
+    assert_equal(0, s, "must be 0")
+    x = LongDecimal(4, 5)
+    s = x.sgn
+    assert_equal(1, s, "must be 1")
+    x = LongDecimal(-3, 5)
+    s = x.sgn
+    assert_equal(-1, s, "must be -1")
+  end
+
+  def test_equal
+    x = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+    y = LongDecimal(2240, 3)
+    assert((x <=> y) == 0, "diff is zero")
+    assert(x != y, "but not equal")
+    assert(! (x == y), "but not equal")
+    assert_equal(x, x, "x equals x")
+    assert_equal(y, y, "y equals y")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_ld_init
+    x = LongDecimal(224, 2)
+    y = LongDecimal(225, 3)
+    z = LongDecimalQuot(x, y)
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(2240, 225), 2)
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "224/225")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_round_to_scale_up
+
+    # 0.99555555555555...
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    # 1.0
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_UP)
+    assert_equal("1.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("224/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(-Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_UP)
+    assert_equal("-1.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("-224/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    # 0.00444444444444444
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_UP)
+    assert_equal("0.1", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("1/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-1, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_UP)
+    assert_equal("-0.1", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("-1/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 1000)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_UP)
+    assert_equal("1.0000", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 1)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_UP)
+    assert_equal("1.0000", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_round_to_scale_down
+
+    # 0.99555555555555...
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    # 0.9
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("0.9", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("224/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(-Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("-0.9", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("-224/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    # 0.00444444444444444
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("0.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("1/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-1, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("0.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("-1/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 1000)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("1.0000", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 1)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("1.0000", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_round_to_scale_ceiling
+
+    # 0.99555555555555...
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_CEILING)
+    assert_equal("1.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("224/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(-Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_CEILING)
+    assert_equal("-0.9", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("-224/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    # 0.00444444444444444
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_CEILING)
+    assert_equal("0.1", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("1/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-1, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_CEILING)
+    assert_equal("0.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("-1/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 1000)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_CEILING)
+    assert_equal("1.0000", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 1)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_CEILING)
+    assert_equal("1.0000", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_round_to_scale_floor
+
+    # 0.99555555555555...
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR)
+    assert_equal("0.9", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("224/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(-Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR)
+    assert_equal("-1.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("-224/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    # 0.00444444444444444
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR)
+    assert_equal("0.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("1/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-1, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR)
+    assert_equal("-0.1", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("-1/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 1000)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR)
+    assert_equal("1.0000", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 1)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR)
+    assert_equal("1.0000", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_round_to_scale_half_up
+
+    # 0.99555555555555...
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("1.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("224/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(-Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("-1.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("-224/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    # 0.00444444444444444
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("0.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("1/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-1, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("0.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("-1/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 1000)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("1.0000", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 1)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("1.0000", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    # 56.25
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(225, 4), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_equal("56.3", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("225/4[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_round_to_scale_half_down
+
+    # 0.99555555555555...
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("1.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("224/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(-Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("-1.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("-224/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    # 0.00444444444444444
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("0.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("1/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-1, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("0.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("-1/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 1000)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("1.0000", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 1)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("1.0000", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    # 56.25
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(225, 4), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_equal("56.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("225/4[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_round_to_scale_half_even
+
+    # 0.99555555555555...
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("1.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("224/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(-Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("-1.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("-224/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    # 0.00444444444444444
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("0.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("1/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-1, 225), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("0.0", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("-1/225[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 1000)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("1.0000", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 1)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(4, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("1.0000", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    # 56.25
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(225, 4), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("56.2", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("225/4[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    # 56.75
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(227, 4), 0)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_equal("56.8", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimal, r, "must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal("227/4[0]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_round_to_scale_unnecessary
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(225, 4), 5)
+    r = l.round_to_scale(2, LongDecimal::ROUND_UNNECESSARY)
+    assert_equal("56.25", r.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    begin
+      r = l.round_to_scale(1, LongDecimal::ROUND_UNNECESSARY)
+      assert_fail("should not have succeeded l=#{l.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    rescue ArgumentError
+      # ignored
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_to_s
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 226)
+    assert_equal("224/225[226]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-224, 225), 226)
+    assert_equal("-224/225[226]", l.to_s, "l=#{l.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_to_r
+    rr = Rational(224, 225)
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(rr, 22)
+    r = l.to_r
+    assert_kind_of(Rational, r, "must be rational")
+    assert_equal(rr, r, "must be equal")
+    rr = Rational(-224, 225)
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(rr, 22)
+    r = l.to_r
+    assert_kind_of(Rational, r, "must be rational")
+    assert_equal(rr, r, "must be equal")
+    rr = Rational(0, 225)
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(rr, 22)
+    r = l.to_r
+    assert_kind_of(Rational, r, "must be rational")
+    assert_equal(rr, r, "must be equal")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_to_f
+    rr = Rational(224, 225)
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(rr, 22)
+    f = l.to_f
+    ff = rr.to_f
+    assert_kind_of(Float, f, "must be float")
+    assert_equal(ff, f, "must be equal")
+    rr = Rational(-224, 225)
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(rr, 22)
+    f = l.to_f
+    ff = rr.to_f
+    assert_kind_of(Float, f, "must be float")
+    assert_equal(ff, f, "must be equal")
+    rr = Rational(0, 225)
+    l = LongDecimalQuot(rr, 22)
+    f = l.to_f
+    ff = rr.to_f
+    assert_kind_of(Float, f, "must be float")
+    assert_equal(ff, f, "must be equal")
+  end
+
+  # to_i not tested, goes via to_r anyway
+
+  def test_ldq_negation
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(0, 2), 3)
+    assert_equal(-x, x, "x and -x are equal for negative x=#{x.inspect}")
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 226)
+    yy = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-224, 225), 226)
+    y = -x
+    assert_equal(-1, y.sgn, "sign of y must be -1 y=#{y.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(226, y.scale, "scale of y must be 2 y=#{y.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(yy, y, "yy and y must be equal")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_add
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 226)
+
+    y = LongDecimal(3, 1)
+    z = x + y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(583, 450), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y + x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5
+    z = x + y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1349, 225), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y + x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5.001
+    z = x + y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(53969, 9000), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y + x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Rational(5, 3)
+    z = x + y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(599, 225), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y + x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(5, 3), 3)
+    z = x + y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(599, 225), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y + x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Complex(5, 3)
+    z = x + y
+    zz = Complex(5+224.0/225.0, 3)
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y + x
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_sub
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 226)
+
+    y = LongDecimal(3, 1)
+    z = x - y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(313, 450), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y - x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-313, 450), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5
+    z = x - y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-901, 225), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y - x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(901, 225), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5.001
+    z = x - y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-36049, 9000), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y - x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(36049, 9000), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Rational(5, 3)
+    z = x - y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-151, 225), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y - x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(151, 225), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(5, 3), 3)
+    z = x - y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-151, 225), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y - x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(151, 225), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Complex(5, 3)
+    z = x - y
+    zz = Complex(224.0/225.0 -5, -3)
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect} zz=#{zz.inspect}")
+    zz = -zz
+    z = y - x
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect} zz=#{zz.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_mul
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 226)
+
+    y = LongDecimal(3, 1)
+    z = x * y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*3, 2250), 227)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y * x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5
+    z = x * y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*5, 225), 226*2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y * x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5.001
+    z = x * y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(46676, 9375), 226*2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y * x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Rational(5, 3)
+    z = x * y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*5, 225*3), 226*2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y * x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(5, 3), 3)
+    z = x * y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*5, 225*3), 226+3)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y * x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Complex(5, 3)
+    z = x * y
+    zz = Complex(224.0/45.0, 224.0/75.0)
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect} zz=#{zz.inspect}")
+    z = y * x
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect} zz=#{zz.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_div
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 226)
+
+    y = LongDecimal(3, 1)
+    z = x / y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(2240, 225*3), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(225*3, 2240), 1)
+    z = y / x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5
+    z = x / y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225*5), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y / x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(225*5, 224), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5.001
+    z = x / y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(8960, 45009), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y / x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(45009, 8960), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Rational(5, 3)
+    z = x / y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*3, 225*5), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y / x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(225*5, 224*3), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(5, 3), 3)
+    z = x / y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*3, 225*5), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y / x
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(225*5, 224*3), 3)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Complex(5, 3)
+    z = x / y
+    zz = Complex(112.0/765.0, -112.0/1275.0)
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect} zz=#{zz.inspect}")
+    z = y / x
+    zz = Complex(1125.0/224.0, 675.0/224.0)
+    assert_kind_of(Complex, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect} zz=#{zz.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_pow
+
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 226)
+
+    y = 0.5
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = Math.sqrt(224.0/225.0)
+    assert_kind_of(Float, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be Float")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 0
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(1, 1), 0)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "must be 1")
+
+    y = 1
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = x
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "must be self")
+
+    y = 2
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224**2, 225**2), 226*2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "must be self")
+
+    y = LongDecimal(2, 0)
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224**2, 225**2), 226*2)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be LongDecimal")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "must be self")
+
+    y = -1
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(225, 224), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be LongDecimalQuot")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "must be inverse")
+
+    y = -2
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(225**2, 224**2), 226)
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be LongDecimalQuot")
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "must be inverse")
+
+    y = LongDecimal(5, 1)
+    z = x ** y
+    zz = Math.sqrt(2.24/2.25)
+    assert_kind_of(Float, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be Float")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimal(5, 1)
+    z = 9 ** y
+    zz = 3.0
+    assert_kind_of(Float, z, "z=#{z.inspect} must be Float")
+    assert((zz-z).abs < 1e-9, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_divmod
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 226)
+
+    y = LongDecimal(3, 1)
+    q, r = x.divmod y
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, r, "r must be LongDecimalQuot")
+    assert(r.abs < y.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*10, 225*3), 226)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / y, "z=#{(q+r/y).inspect} y=#{y.inspect} q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    q, r = y.divmod x
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < x.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(225*3, 224*10), 226*2)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / x, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5
+    q, r = x.divmod y
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < y.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225*5), 226)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / y, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    q, r = y.divmod x
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < x.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(225*5, 224), 226*2)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / x, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5.001
+    q, r = x.divmod y
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < y.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(8960, 45009), 226)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / y, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    q, r = y.divmod x
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < x.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(45009, 8960), 226*2)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / x, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+
+    y = Rational(5, 3)
+    q, r = x.divmod y
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < y.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*3, 225*5), 226)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / y, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    q, r = y.divmod x
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < x.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(225*5, 224*3), 226*2)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / x, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(5, 3), 3)
+    q, r = x.divmod y
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < y.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224*3, 225*5), 226)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / y, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+    q, r = y.divmod x
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, q, "q must be integer")
+    assert_kind_of(LongDecimalQuot, r, "r must be LongDecimal")
+    assert(r.abs < x.abs, "remainder must be less then divisor")
+    zz = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(225*5, 224*3), 226*2)
+    assert_equal(zz, q + r / x, "z=q=#{q.inspect} r=#{r.inspect}")
+
+    y = Complex(5, 3)
+    begin
+      q, r = x.divmod y
+      assert_fail "should have created TypeError"
+    rescue TypeError
+      # ignored, expected
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_abs
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-224, 225), 226)
+    y = x.abs
+    assert_equal(-x, y, "abs of negative")
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 226)
+    y = x.abs
+    assert_equal(x, y, "abs of positive")
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(0, 2), 3)
+    y = x.abs
+    assert_equal(x, y, "abs of zero")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_ufo
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 226)
+
+    z = x <=> x
+    zz = 0
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    y = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 0)
+    z = y <=> x
+    zz = 0
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimal(3, 1)
+    z = x <=> y
+    zz = 1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y <=> x
+    zz = -1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5
+    z = x <=> y
+    zz = -1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y <=> x
+    zz = 1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = 5.001
+    z = x <=> y
+    zz = -1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y <=> x
+    zz = 1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = Rational(5, 3)
+    z = x <=> y
+    zz = -1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y <=> x
+    zz = 1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+    y = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(5, 3), 3)
+    z = x <=> y
+    zz = -1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+    z = y <=> x
+    zz = 1
+    assert_equal(zz, z, "z=#{z.inspect}")
+
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_sgn
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(0, 5), 1000)
+    s = x.sgn
+    assert_equal(0, s, "must be 0")
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(4, 5), 6)
+    s = x.sgn
+    assert_equal(1, s, "must be 1")
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(-3, 5), 7)
+    s = x.sgn
+    assert_equal(-1, s, "must be -1")
+  end
+
+  def test_ldq_equal
+    x = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 226)
+    y = LongDecimalQuot(Rational(224, 225), 227)
+    assert((x <=> y) == 0, "diff is zero")
+    assert(x != y, "but not equal")
+    assert(! (x == y), "but not equal")
+    assert_equal(x, x, "x equals x")
+    assert_equal(y, y, "y equals y")
+  end
+
+end
+
+RUNIT::CUI::TestRunner.run(TestLongDecimal_class.suite)
+
+# end of file testlongdecimal.rb
+