logstash-output-scalyr 0.1.6 → 0.1.11.beta

data/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.5.0/gems/addressable-2.7.0/README.md

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+# Addressable
+
+<dl>
+  <dt>Homepage</dt><dd><a href="https://github.com/sporkmonger/addressable">github.com/sporkmonger/addressable</a></dd>
+  <dt>Author</dt><dd><a href="mailto:bob@sporkmonger.com">Bob Aman</a></dd>
+  <dt>Copyright</dt><dd>Copyright © Bob Aman</dd>
+  <dt>License</dt><dd>Apache 2.0</dd>
+</dl>
+
+[![Gem Version](http://img.shields.io/gem/dt/addressable.svg)][gem]
+[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/sporkmonger/addressable.svg?branch=master)][travis]
+[![Test Coverage Status](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/sporkmonger/addressable.svg)][coveralls]
+[![Documentation Coverage Status](http://inch-ci.org/github/sporkmonger/addressable.svg?branch=master)][inch]
+
+[gem]: https://rubygems.org/gems/addressable
+[travis]: http://travis-ci.org/sporkmonger/addressable
+[coveralls]: https://coveralls.io/r/sporkmonger/addressable
+[inch]: http://inch-ci.org/github/sporkmonger/addressable
+
+# Description
+
+Addressable is an alternative implementation to the URI implementation
+that is part of Ruby's standard library. It is flexible, offers heuristic
+parsing, and additionally provides extensive support for IRIs and URI templates.
+
+Addressable closely conforms to RFC 3986, RFC 3987, and RFC 6570 (level 4).
+
+# Reference
+
+- {Addressable::URI}
+- {Addressable::Template}
+
+# Example usage
+
+```ruby
+require "addressable/uri"
+
+uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/path/to/resource/")
+uri.scheme
+#=> "http"
+uri.host
+#=> "example.com"
+uri.path
+#=> "/path/to/resource/"
+
+uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://www.詹姆斯.com/")
+uri.normalize
+#=> #<Addressable::URI:0xc9a4c8 URI:http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com/>
+```
+
+
+# URI Templates
+
+For more details, see [RFC 6570](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6570.txt).
+
+
+```ruby
+
+require "addressable/template"
+
+template = Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{?query*}")
+template.expand({
+  "query" => {
+    'foo' => 'bar',
+    'color' => 'red'
+  }
+})
+#=> #<Addressable::URI:0xc9d95c URI:http://example.com/?foo=bar&color=red>
+
+template = Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{?one,two,three}")
+template.partial_expand({"one" => "1", "three" => 3}).pattern
+#=> "http://example.com/?one=1{&two}&three=3"
+
+template = Addressable::Template.new(
+  "http://{host}{/segments*}/{?one,two,bogus}{#fragment}"
+)
+uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+  "http://example.com/a/b/c/?one=1&two=2#foo"
+)
+template.extract(uri)
+#=>
+# {
+#   "host" => "example.com",
+#   "segments" => ["a", "b", "c"],
+#   "one" => "1",
+#   "two" => "2",
+#   "fragment" => "foo"
+# }
+```
+
+# Install
+
+```console
+$ gem install addressable
+```
+
+You may optionally turn on native IDN support by installing libidn and the
+idn gem:
+
+```console
+$ sudo apt-get install idn # Debian/Ubuntu
+$ brew install libidn # OS X
+$ gem install idn-ruby
+```
+
+# Semantic Versioning
+
+This project uses [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/). You can (and should) specify your
+dependency using a pessimistic version constraint covering the major and minor
+values:
+
+```ruby
+spec.add_dependency 'addressable', '~> 2.5'
+```
+
+If you need a specific bug fix, you can also specify minimum tiny versions
+without preventing updates to the latest minor release:
+
+```ruby
+spec.add_dependency 'addressable', '~> 2.3', '>= 2.3.7'
+```

data/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.5.0/gems/addressable-2.7.0/Rakefile

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'rake'
+
+require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'lib', 'addressable', 'version')
+
+PKG_DISPLAY_NAME   = 'Addressable'
+PKG_NAME           = PKG_DISPLAY_NAME.downcase
+PKG_VERSION        = Addressable::VERSION::STRING
+PKG_FILE_NAME      = "#{PKG_NAME}-#{PKG_VERSION}"
+
+RELEASE_NAME       = "REL #{PKG_VERSION}"
+
+PKG_SUMMARY        = "URI Implementation"
+PKG_DESCRIPTION    = <<-TEXT
+Addressable is an alternative implementation to the URI implementation that is
+part of Ruby's standard library. It is flexible, offers heuristic parsing, and
+additionally provides extensive support for IRIs and URI templates.
+TEXT
+
+PKG_FILES = FileList[
+    "lib/**/*", "spec/**/*", "vendor/**/*", "data/**/*",
+    "tasks/**/*",
+    "[A-Z]*", "Rakefile"
+].exclude(/pkg/).exclude(/database\.yml/).
+  exclude(/Gemfile\.lock/).exclude(/[_\.]git$/)
+
+task :default => "spec"
+
+WINDOWS = (RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /mswin|win32|mingw|bccwin|cygwin/) rescue false
+SUDO = WINDOWS ? '' : ('sudo' unless ENV['SUDOLESS'])
+
+Dir['tasks/**/*.rake'].each { |rake| load rake }

data/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.5.0/gems/addressable-2.7.0/lib/addressable.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'addressable/uri'
+require 'addressable/template'

data/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.5.0/gems/addressable-2.7.0/lib/addressable/idna.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# encoding:utf-8
+#--
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#++
+
+
+begin
+  require "addressable/idna/native"
+rescue LoadError
+  # libidn or the idn gem was not available, fall back on a pure-Ruby
+  # implementation...
+  require "addressable/idna/pure"
+end

data/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.5.0/gems/addressable-2.7.0/lib/addressable/idna/native.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# encoding:utf-8
+#--
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#++
+
+
+require "idn"
+
+module Addressable
+  module IDNA
+    def self.punycode_encode(value)
+      IDN::Punycode.encode(value.to_s)
+    end
+
+     def self.punycode_decode(value)
+       IDN::Punycode.decode(value.to_s)
+     end
+
+    def self.unicode_normalize_kc(value)
+      IDN::Stringprep.nfkc_normalize(value.to_s)
+    end
+
+    def self.to_ascii(value)
+      value.to_s.split('.', -1).map do |segment|
+        if segment.size > 0 && segment.size < 64
+          IDN::Idna.toASCII(segment, IDN::Idna::ALLOW_UNASSIGNED)
+        elsif segment.size >= 64
+          segment
+        else
+          ''
+        end
+      end.join('.')
+    end
+
+    def self.to_unicode(value)
+      value.to_s.split('.', -1).map do |segment|
+        if segment.size > 0 && segment.size < 64
+          IDN::Idna.toUnicode(segment, IDN::Idna::ALLOW_UNASSIGNED)
+        elsif segment.size >= 64
+          segment
+        else
+          ''
+        end
+      end.join('.')
+    end
+  end
+end

data/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.5.0/gems/addressable-2.7.0/lib/addressable/idna/pure.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# encoding:utf-8
+#--
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#++
+
+
+module Addressable
+  module IDNA
+    # This module is loosely based on idn_actionmailer by Mick Staugaard,
+    # the unicode library by Yoshida Masato, and the punycode implementation
+    # by Kazuhiro Nishiyama.  Most of the code was copied verbatim, but
+    # some reformatting was done, and some translation from C was done.
+    #
+    # Without their code to work from as a base, we'd all still be relying
+    # on the presence of libidn.  Which nobody ever seems to have installed.
+    #
+    # Original sources:
+    # http://github.com/staugaard/idn_actionmailer
+    # http://www.yoshidam.net/Ruby.html#unicode
+    # http://rubyforge.org/frs/?group_id=2550
+
+
+    UNICODE_TABLE = File.expand_path(
+      File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '../../..', 'data/unicode.data')
+    )
+
+    ACE_PREFIX = "xn--"
+
+    UTF8_REGEX = /\A(?:
+      [\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]               # ASCII
+      | [\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]              # non-overlong 2-byte
+      | \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]          # excluding overlongs
+      | [\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}   # straight 3-byte
+      | \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]          # excluding surrogates
+      | \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}       # planes 1-3
+      | [\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}           # planes 4nil5
+      | \xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}       # plane 16
+      )*\z/mnx
+
+    UTF8_REGEX_MULTIBYTE = /(?:
+      [\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]                # non-overlong 2-byte
+      | \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]          # excluding overlongs
+      | [\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}   # straight 3-byte
+      | \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]          # excluding surrogates
+      | \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}       # planes 1-3
+      | [\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}           # planes 4nil5
+      | \xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}       # plane 16
+      )/mnx
+
+    # :startdoc:
+
+    # Converts from a Unicode internationalized domain name to an ASCII
+    # domain name as described in RFC 3490.
+    def self.to_ascii(input)
+      input = input.to_s unless input.is_a?(String)
+      input = input.dup
+      if input.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
+        input.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
+      end
+      if input =~ UTF8_REGEX && input =~ UTF8_REGEX_MULTIBYTE
+        parts = unicode_downcase(input).split('.')
+        parts.map! do |part|
+          if part.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
+            part.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
+          end
+          if part =~ UTF8_REGEX && part =~ UTF8_REGEX_MULTIBYTE
+            ACE_PREFIX + punycode_encode(unicode_normalize_kc(part))
+          else
+            part
+          end
+        end
+        parts.join('.')
+      else
+        input
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Converts from an ASCII domain name to a Unicode internationalized
+    # domain name as described in RFC 3490.
+    def self.to_unicode(input)
+      input = input.to_s unless input.is_a?(String)
+      parts = input.split('.')
+      parts.map! do |part|
+        if part =~ /^#{ACE_PREFIX}(.+)/
+          begin
+            punycode_decode(part[/^#{ACE_PREFIX}(.+)/, 1])
+          rescue Addressable::IDNA::PunycodeBadInput
+            # toUnicode is explicitly defined as never-fails by the spec
+            part
+          end
+        else
+          part
+        end
+      end
+      output = parts.join('.')
+      if output.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
+        output.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+      end
+      output
+    end
+
+    # Unicode normalization form KC.
+    def self.unicode_normalize_kc(input)
+      input = input.to_s unless input.is_a?(String)
+      unpacked = input.unpack("U*")
+      unpacked =
+        unicode_compose(unicode_sort_canonical(unicode_decompose(unpacked)))
+      return unpacked.pack("U*")
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Unicode aware downcase method.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    # @param [String] input
+    #   The input string.
+    # @return [String] The downcased result.
+    def self.unicode_downcase(input)
+      input = input.to_s unless input.is_a?(String)
+      unpacked = input.unpack("U*")
+      unpacked.map! { |codepoint| lookup_unicode_lowercase(codepoint) }
+      return unpacked.pack("U*")
+    end
+    private_class_method :unicode_downcase
+
+    def self.unicode_compose(unpacked)
+      unpacked_result = []
+      length = unpacked.length
+
+      return unpacked if length == 0
+
+      starter = unpacked[0]
+      starter_cc = lookup_unicode_combining_class(starter)
+      starter_cc = 256 if starter_cc != 0
+      for i in 1...length
+        ch = unpacked[i]
+
+        if (starter_cc == 0 &&
+            (composite = unicode_compose_pair(starter, ch)) != nil)
+          starter = composite
+        else
+          unpacked_result << starter
+          starter = ch
+        end
+      end
+      unpacked_result << starter
+      return unpacked_result
+    end
+    private_class_method :unicode_compose
+
+    def self.unicode_compose_pair(ch_one, ch_two)
+      if ch_one >= HANGUL_LBASE && ch_one < HANGUL_LBASE + HANGUL_LCOUNT &&
+          ch_two >= HANGUL_VBASE && ch_two < HANGUL_VBASE + HANGUL_VCOUNT
+        # Hangul L + V
+        return HANGUL_SBASE + (
+          (ch_one - HANGUL_LBASE) * HANGUL_VCOUNT + (ch_two - HANGUL_VBASE)
+        ) * HANGUL_TCOUNT
+      elsif ch_one >= HANGUL_SBASE &&
+          ch_one < HANGUL_SBASE + HANGUL_SCOUNT &&
+          (ch_one - HANGUL_SBASE) % HANGUL_TCOUNT == 0 &&
+          ch_two >= HANGUL_TBASE && ch_two < HANGUL_TBASE + HANGUL_TCOUNT
+           # Hangul LV + T
+        return ch_one + (ch_two - HANGUL_TBASE)
+      end
+
+      p = []
+      ucs4_to_utf8 = lambda do |ch|
+        if ch < 128
+          p << ch
+        elsif ch < 2048
+          p << (ch >> 6 | 192)
+          p << (ch & 63 | 128)
+        elsif ch < 0x10000
+          p << (ch >> 12 | 224)
+          p << (ch >> 6 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch & 63 | 128)
+        elsif ch < 0x200000
+          p << (ch >> 18 | 240)
+          p << (ch >> 12 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch >> 6 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch & 63 | 128)
+        elsif ch < 0x4000000
+          p << (ch >> 24 | 248)
+          p << (ch >> 18 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch >> 12 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch >> 6 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch & 63 | 128)
+        elsif ch < 0x80000000
+          p << (ch >> 30 | 252)
+          p << (ch >> 24 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch >> 18 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch >> 12 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch >> 6 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch & 63 | 128)
+        end
+      end
+
+      ucs4_to_utf8.call(ch_one)
+      ucs4_to_utf8.call(ch_two)
+
+      return lookup_unicode_composition(p)
+    end
+    private_class_method :unicode_compose_pair
+
+    def self.unicode_sort_canonical(unpacked)
+      unpacked = unpacked.dup
+      i = 1
+      length = unpacked.length
+
+      return unpacked if length < 2
+
+      while i < length
+        last = unpacked[i-1]
+        ch = unpacked[i]
+        last_cc = lookup_unicode_combining_class(last)
+        cc = lookup_unicode_combining_class(ch)
+        if cc != 0 && last_cc != 0 && last_cc > cc
+          unpacked[i] = last
+          unpacked[i-1] = ch
+          i -= 1 if i > 1
+        else
+          i += 1
+        end
+      end
+      return unpacked
+    end
+    private_class_method :unicode_sort_canonical
+
+    def self.unicode_decompose(unpacked)
+      unpacked_result = []
+      for cp in unpacked
+        if cp >= HANGUL_SBASE && cp < HANGUL_SBASE + HANGUL_SCOUNT
+          l, v, t = unicode_decompose_hangul(cp)
+          unpacked_result << l
+          unpacked_result << v if v
+          unpacked_result << t if t
+        else
+          dc = lookup_unicode_compatibility(cp)
+          unless dc
+            unpacked_result << cp
+          else
+            unpacked_result.concat(unicode_decompose(dc.unpack("U*")))
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      return unpacked_result
+    end
+    private_class_method :unicode_decompose
+
+    def self.unicode_decompose_hangul(codepoint)
+      sindex = codepoint - HANGUL_SBASE;
+      if sindex < 0 || sindex >= HANGUL_SCOUNT
+        l = codepoint
+        v = t = nil
+        return l, v, t
+      end
+      l = HANGUL_LBASE + sindex / HANGUL_NCOUNT
+      v = HANGUL_VBASE + (sindex % HANGUL_NCOUNT) / HANGUL_TCOUNT
+      t = HANGUL_TBASE + sindex % HANGUL_TCOUNT
+      if t == HANGUL_TBASE
+        t = nil
+      end
+      return l, v, t
+    end
+    private_class_method :unicode_decompose_hangul
+
+    def self.lookup_unicode_combining_class(codepoint)
+      codepoint_data = UNICODE_DATA[codepoint]
+      (codepoint_data ?
+        (codepoint_data[UNICODE_DATA_COMBINING_CLASS] || 0) :
+        0)
+    end
+    private_class_method :lookup_unicode_combining_class
+
+    def self.lookup_unicode_compatibility(codepoint)
+      codepoint_data = UNICODE_DATA[codepoint]
+      (codepoint_data ?
+        codepoint_data[UNICODE_DATA_COMPATIBILITY] : nil)
+    end
+    private_class_method :lookup_unicode_compatibility
+
+    def self.lookup_unicode_lowercase(codepoint)
+      codepoint_data = UNICODE_DATA[codepoint]
+      (codepoint_data ?
+        (codepoint_data[UNICODE_DATA_LOWERCASE] || codepoint) :
+        codepoint)
+    end
+    private_class_method :lookup_unicode_lowercase
+
+    def self.lookup_unicode_composition(unpacked)
+      return COMPOSITION_TABLE[unpacked]
+    end
+    private_class_method :lookup_unicode_composition
+
+    HANGUL_SBASE =  0xac00
+    HANGUL_LBASE =  0x1100
+    HANGUL_LCOUNT = 19
+    HANGUL_VBASE =  0x1161
+    HANGUL_VCOUNT = 21
+    HANGUL_TBASE =  0x11a7
+    HANGUL_TCOUNT = 28
+    HANGUL_NCOUNT = HANGUL_VCOUNT * HANGUL_TCOUNT # 588
+    HANGUL_SCOUNT = HANGUL_LCOUNT * HANGUL_NCOUNT # 11172
+
+    UNICODE_DATA_COMBINING_CLASS = 0
+    UNICODE_DATA_EXCLUSION = 1
+    UNICODE_DATA_CANONICAL = 2
+    UNICODE_DATA_COMPATIBILITY = 3
+    UNICODE_DATA_UPPERCASE = 4
+    UNICODE_DATA_LOWERCASE = 5
+    UNICODE_DATA_TITLECASE = 6
+
+    begin
+      if defined?(FakeFS)
+        fakefs_state = FakeFS.activated?
+        FakeFS.deactivate!
+      end
+      # This is a sparse Unicode table.  Codepoints without entries are
+      # assumed to have the value: [0, 0, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil]
+      UNICODE_DATA = File.open(UNICODE_TABLE, "rb") do |file|
+        Marshal.load(file.read)
+      end
+    ensure
+      if defined?(FakeFS)
+        FakeFS.activate! if fakefs_state
+      end
+    end
+
+    COMPOSITION_TABLE = {}
+    UNICODE_DATA.each do |codepoint, data|
+      canonical = data[UNICODE_DATA_CANONICAL]
+      exclusion = data[UNICODE_DATA_EXCLUSION]
+
+      if canonical && exclusion == 0
+        COMPOSITION_TABLE[canonical.unpack("C*")] = codepoint
+      end
+    end
+
+    UNICODE_MAX_LENGTH = 256
+    ACE_MAX_LENGTH = 256
+
+    PUNYCODE_BASE = 36
+    PUNYCODE_TMIN = 1
+    PUNYCODE_TMAX = 26
+    PUNYCODE_SKEW = 38
+    PUNYCODE_DAMP = 700
+    PUNYCODE_INITIAL_BIAS = 72
+    PUNYCODE_INITIAL_N = 0x80
+    PUNYCODE_DELIMITER = 0x2D
+
+    PUNYCODE_MAXINT = 1 << 64
+
+    PUNYCODE_PRINT_ASCII =
+      "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n" +
+      "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n" +
+      " !\"\#$%&'()*+,-./" +
+      "0123456789:;<=>?" +
+      "@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO" +
+      "PQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_" +
+      "`abcdefghijklmno" +
+      "pqrstuvwxyz{|}~\n"
+
+    # Input is invalid.
+    class PunycodeBadInput < StandardError; end
+    # Output would exceed the space provided.
+    class PunycodeBigOutput < StandardError; end
+    # Input needs wider integers to process.
+    class PunycodeOverflow < StandardError; end
+
+    def self.punycode_encode(unicode)
+      unicode = unicode.to_s unless unicode.is_a?(String)
+      input = unicode.unpack("U*")
+      output = [0] * (ACE_MAX_LENGTH + 1)
+      input_length = input.size
+      output_length = [ACE_MAX_LENGTH]
+
+      # Initialize the state
+      n = PUNYCODE_INITIAL_N
+      delta = out = 0
+      max_out = output_length[0]
+      bias = PUNYCODE_INITIAL_BIAS
+
+      # Handle the basic code points:
+      input_length.times do |j|
+        if punycode_basic?(input[j])
+          if max_out - out < 2
+            raise PunycodeBigOutput,
+              "Output would exceed the space provided."
+          end
+          output[out] = input[j]
+          out += 1
+        end
+      end
+
+      h = b = out
+
+      # h is the number of code points that have been handled, b is the
+      # number of basic code points, and out is the number of characters
+      # that have been output.
+
+      if b > 0
+        output[out] = PUNYCODE_DELIMITER
+        out += 1
+      end
+
+      # Main encoding loop:
+
+      while h < input_length
+        # All non-basic code points < n have been
+        # handled already.  Find the next larger one:
+
+        m = PUNYCODE_MAXINT
+        input_length.times do |j|
+          m = input[j] if (n...m) === input[j]
+        end
+
+        # Increase delta enough to advance the decoder's
+        # <n,i> state to <m,0>, but guard against overflow:
+
+        if m - n > (PUNYCODE_MAXINT - delta) / (h + 1)
+          raise PunycodeOverflow, "Input needs wider integers to process."
+        end
+        delta += (m - n) * (h + 1)
+        n = m
+
+        input_length.times do |j|
+          # Punycode does not need to check whether input[j] is basic:
+          if input[j] < n
+            delta += 1
+            if delta == 0
+              raise PunycodeOverflow,
+                "Input needs wider integers to process."
+            end
+          end
+
+          if input[j] == n
+            # Represent delta as a generalized variable-length integer:
+
+            q = delta; k = PUNYCODE_BASE
+            while true
+              if out >= max_out
+                raise PunycodeBigOutput,
+                  "Output would exceed the space provided."
+              end
+              t = (
+                if k <= bias
+                  PUNYCODE_TMIN
+                elsif k >= bias + PUNYCODE_TMAX
+                  PUNYCODE_TMAX
+                else
+                  k - bias
+                end
+              )
+              break if q < t
+              output[out] =
+                punycode_encode_digit(t + (q - t) % (PUNYCODE_BASE - t))
+              out += 1
+              q = (q - t) / (PUNYCODE_BASE - t)
+              k += PUNYCODE_BASE
+            end
+
+            output[out] = punycode_encode_digit(q)
+            out += 1
+            bias = punycode_adapt(delta, h + 1, h == b)
+            delta = 0
+            h += 1
+          end
+        end
+
+        delta += 1
+        n += 1
+      end
+
+      output_length[0] = out
+
+      outlen = out
+      outlen.times do |j|
+        c = output[j]
+        unless c >= 0 && c <= 127
+          raise StandardError, "Invalid output char."
+        end
+        unless PUNYCODE_PRINT_ASCII[c]
+          raise PunycodeBadInput, "Input is invalid."
+        end
+      end
+
+      output[0..outlen].map { |x| x.chr }.join("").sub(/\0+\z/, "")
+    end
+    private_class_method :punycode_encode
+
+    def self.punycode_decode(punycode)
+      input = []
+      output = []
+
+      if ACE_MAX_LENGTH * 2 < punycode.size
+        raise PunycodeBigOutput, "Output would exceed the space provided."
+      end
+      punycode.each_byte do |c|
+        unless c >= 0 && c <= 127
+          raise PunycodeBadInput, "Input is invalid."
+        end
+        input.push(c)
+      end
+
+      input_length = input.length
+      output_length = [UNICODE_MAX_LENGTH]
+
+      # Initialize the state
+      n = PUNYCODE_INITIAL_N
+
+      out = i = 0
+      max_out = output_length[0]
+      bias = PUNYCODE_INITIAL_BIAS
+
+      # Handle the basic code points:  Let b be the number of input code
+      # points before the last delimiter, or 0 if there is none, then
+      # copy the first b code points to the output.
+
+      b = 0
+      input_length.times do |j|
+        b = j if punycode_delimiter?(input[j])
+      end
+      if b > max_out
+        raise PunycodeBigOutput, "Output would exceed the space provided."
+      end
+
+      b.times do |j|
+        unless punycode_basic?(input[j])
+          raise PunycodeBadInput, "Input is invalid."
+        end
+        output[out] = input[j]
+        out+=1
+      end
+
+      # Main decoding loop:  Start just after the last delimiter if any
+      # basic code points were copied; start at the beginning otherwise.
+
+      in_ = b > 0 ? b + 1 : 0
+      while in_ < input_length
+
+        # in_ is the index of the next character to be consumed, and
+        # out is the number of code points in the output array.
+
+        # Decode a generalized variable-length integer into delta,
+        # which gets added to i.  The overflow checking is easier
+        # if we increase i as we go, then subtract off its starting
+        # value at the end to obtain delta.
+
+        oldi = i; w = 1; k = PUNYCODE_BASE
+        while true
+          if in_ >= input_length
+            raise PunycodeBadInput, "Input is invalid."
+          end
+          digit = punycode_decode_digit(input[in_])
+          in_+=1
+          if digit >= PUNYCODE_BASE
+            raise PunycodeBadInput, "Input is invalid."
+          end
+          if digit > (PUNYCODE_MAXINT - i) / w
+            raise PunycodeOverflow, "Input needs wider integers to process."
+          end
+          i += digit * w
+          t = (
+            if k <= bias
+              PUNYCODE_TMIN
+            elsif k >= bias + PUNYCODE_TMAX
+              PUNYCODE_TMAX
+            else
+              k - bias
+            end
+          )
+          break if digit < t
+          if w > PUNYCODE_MAXINT / (PUNYCODE_BASE - t)
+            raise PunycodeOverflow, "Input needs wider integers to process."
+          end
+          w *= PUNYCODE_BASE - t
+          k += PUNYCODE_BASE
+        end
+
+        bias = punycode_adapt(i - oldi, out + 1, oldi == 0)
+
+        # I was supposed to wrap around from out + 1 to 0,
+        # incrementing n each time, so we'll fix that now:
+
+        if i / (out + 1) > PUNYCODE_MAXINT - n
+          raise PunycodeOverflow, "Input needs wider integers to process."
+        end
+        n += i / (out + 1)
+        i %= out + 1
+
+        # Insert n at position i of the output:
+
+        # not needed for Punycode:
+        # raise PUNYCODE_INVALID_INPUT if decode_digit(n) <= base
+        if out >= max_out
+          raise PunycodeBigOutput, "Output would exceed the space provided."
+        end
+
+        #memmove(output + i + 1, output + i, (out - i) * sizeof *output)
+        output[i + 1, out - i] = output[i, out - i]
+        output[i] = n
+        i += 1
+
+        out += 1
+      end
+
+      output_length[0] = out
+
+      output.pack("U*")
+    end
+    private_class_method :punycode_decode
+
+    def self.punycode_basic?(codepoint)
+      codepoint < 0x80
+    end
+    private_class_method :punycode_basic?
+
+    def self.punycode_delimiter?(codepoint)
+      codepoint == PUNYCODE_DELIMITER
+    end
+    private_class_method :punycode_delimiter?
+
+    def self.punycode_encode_digit(d)
+      d + 22 + 75 * ((d < 26) ? 1 : 0)
+    end
+    private_class_method :punycode_encode_digit
+
+    # Returns the numeric value of a basic codepoint
+    # (for use in representing integers) in the range 0 to
+    # base - 1, or PUNYCODE_BASE if codepoint does not represent a value.
+    def self.punycode_decode_digit(codepoint)
+      if codepoint - 48 < 10
+        codepoint - 22
+      elsif codepoint - 65 < 26
+        codepoint - 65
+      elsif codepoint - 97 < 26
+        codepoint - 97
+      else
+        PUNYCODE_BASE
+      end
+    end
+    private_class_method :punycode_decode_digit
+
+    # Bias adaptation method
+    def self.punycode_adapt(delta, numpoints, firsttime)
+      delta = firsttime ? delta / PUNYCODE_DAMP : delta >> 1
+      # delta >> 1 is a faster way of doing delta / 2
+      delta += delta / numpoints
+      difference = PUNYCODE_BASE - PUNYCODE_TMIN
+
+      k = 0
+      while delta > (difference * PUNYCODE_TMAX) / 2
+        delta /= difference
+        k += PUNYCODE_BASE
+      end
+
+      k + (difference + 1) * delta / (delta + PUNYCODE_SKEW)
+    end
+    private_class_method :punycode_adapt
+  end
+  # :startdoc:
+end