little_ghost 0.2.0 → 0.3.0

data/lib/little_ghost/graph.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,911 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "json"
+require_relative "assembly"
+
+module LittleGhost
+  # Routes a request through named Assembly nodes and declared edges.
+  #
+  # A graph is an Assembly for flows whose allowed paths should be visible in
+  # application code. A node may contain an Agent, Workflow, Swarm, or another
+  # Graph. Ordinary edges choose one next node; explicit forks and joins add
+  # bounded parallel work.
+  #
+  #   class SupportFlowGraph < LittleGhost::Graph
+  #     node :triage, TriageAgent
+  #     node :research, ResearchAgent
+  #     node :respond, CustomerSupportAgent
+  #
+  #     start :triage
+  #     edge :triage, :research
+  #     edge :research, :respond
+  #     finish :respond
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   SupportFlowGraph.validate!
+  #   run = SupportFlowGraph.ask("Why is my transfer pending?")
+  #
+  # Conditions and input mappers receive immutable Graph::State. Nodes do not
+  # receive caller history or application context unless their declaration opts
+  # in with +history: true+ or +context: true+. Validate the topology before
+  # execution; +to_mermaid+ renders the same definition as a flowchart.
+  class Graph < Assembly
+    Node = Data.define(:name, :assembly, :policies, :inherit_history, :inherit_context) # :nodoc:
+    Edge = Data.define(:from, :to, :condition, :input_mapper) # :nodoc:
+    ErrorEdge = Data.define(:from, :to, :errors, :input_mapper) # :nodoc:
+    Fork = Data.define(:from, :to, :max_concurrency) # :nodoc:
+    Join = Data.define(:from, :to, :input_mapper) # :nodoc:
+    BranchResult = Data.define(:terminal, :results, :steps, :usage, :events) # :nodoc:
+    EventSink = Data.define(:consumer) do # :nodoc:
+      def <<(event)
+        consumer.call(event)
+        self
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Immutable routing data passed to conditions and input mappers.
+    class State
+      # Original request data, current routing position, completed results,
+      # parallel predecessors, branch results, and the routed failure if any.
+      attr_reader :input, :history, :context, :step, :current, :previous,
+        :predecessors, :results, :branch_results, :error
+
+      def initialize(input:, history:, context:, step:, current:, previous:, results:,
+        predecessors: [], branch_results: {}, error: nil) # :nodoc:
+        @input = input
+        @history = history
+        @context = context
+        @step = step
+        @current = current
+        @previous = previous
+        @predecessors = Array(predecessors).map(&:to_sym).freeze
+        @results = results.dup.freeze
+        @branch_results = branch_results.dup.freeze
+        @error = error
+        freeze
+      end
+
+      # Returns a completed result by node name.
+      def result(node_name) = results[node_name.to_sym]
+      # Returns the immediately preceding result when present.
+      def previous_result = previous && result(previous)
+    end
+
+    extend Support::ClassAttributes
+
+    class_attribute :graph_nodes_value, default: {}.freeze
+    class_attribute :graph_edges_value, default: [].freeze
+    class_attribute :graph_error_edges_value, default: [].freeze
+    class_attribute :graph_forks_value, default: [].freeze
+    class_attribute :graph_joins_value, default: [].freeze
+    class_attribute :graph_start_value
+    class_attribute :graph_finish_value
+    class_attribute :graph_max_steps_value, default: 20
+
+    class << self
+      # Declares an Assembly node and its optional execution policy.
+      def node(name, assembly, timeout: nil, retries: 0, retry_on: nil, retry_delay: 0,
+        history: false, context: false)
+        name = normalize_node_name(name)
+        raise ConfigurationError, "graph node #{name.inspect} is already declared" if graph_nodes_value.key?(name)
+        unless [history, context].all? { |value| value == true || value == false }
+          raise ArgumentError, "graph node history and context options must be true or false"
+        end
+
+        policies = {timeout:, retries:, retry_on:, retry_delay:}.freeze
+        declaration = Node.new(
+          name:, assembly:, policies:,
+          inherit_history: history,
+          inherit_context: context
+        )
+        self.graph_nodes_value = graph_nodes_value.merge(name => declaration).freeze
+      end
+
+      # Reads or assigns the entry node.
+      def start(name = nil)
+        return graph_start_value if name.nil?
+
+        self.graph_start_value = normalize_node_name(name)
+      end
+
+      # Declares one exclusive route with an optional condition and input mapper.
+      def edge(from, to, input: nil, **options, &condition)
+        condition = extract_condition(options, condition)
+        validate_callable!(input, "edge input mapper")
+        declaration = Edge.new(
+          from: normalize_node_name(from),
+          to: normalize_node_name(to),
+          condition:,
+          input_mapper: input
+        )
+        self.graph_edges_value = (graph_edges_value + [declaration]).freeze
+        declaration
+      end
+
+      # Routes selected node errors after retries are exhausted.
+      def error_edge(from, to, on:, input: nil)
+        errors = Array(on)
+        unless errors.any? && errors.all? { |error| error.is_a?(Class) && error <= Exception }
+          raise ArgumentError, "error edge on: must contain exception classes"
+        end
+        validate_callable!(input, "error edge input mapper")
+        declaration = ErrorEdge.new(
+          from: normalize_node_name(from),
+          to: normalize_node_name(to),
+          errors: errors.freeze,
+          input_mapper: input
+        )
+        self.graph_error_edges_value = (graph_error_edges_value + [declaration]).freeze
+        declaration
+      end
+
+      # Starts two or more independent branches with bounded concurrency.
+      def fork(from, to:, max_concurrency: 8)
+        targets = Array(to).map { |name| normalize_node_name(name) }
+        raise ArgumentError, "fork requires at least two targets" if targets.length < 2
+        raise ArgumentError, "fork targets must be unique" unless targets.uniq.length == targets.length
+        max_concurrency = Integer(max_concurrency)
+        raise ArgumentError, "max_concurrency must be at least 1" if max_concurrency < 1
+
+        declaration = Fork.new(from: normalize_node_name(from), to: targets.freeze, max_concurrency:)
+        self.graph_forks_value = (graph_forks_value + [declaration]).freeze
+        declaration
+      end
+
+      # Joins the terminal results of one declared fork.
+      def join(from, to:, input: nil)
+        sources = Array(from).map { |name| normalize_node_name(name) }
+        raise ArgumentError, "join requires at least two sources" if sources.length < 2
+        raise ArgumentError, "join sources must be unique" unless sources.uniq.length == sources.length
+        validate_callable!(input, "join input mapper")
+        declaration = Join.new(
+          from: sources.freeze,
+          to: normalize_node_name(to),
+          input_mapper: input
+        )
+        self.graph_joins_value = (graph_joins_value + [declaration]).freeze
+        declaration
+      end
+
+      # Reads or assigns the terminal node.
+      def finish(name = nil)
+        return graph_finish_value if name.nil?
+
+        self.graph_finish_value = normalize_node_name(name)
+      end
+
+      # Reads or assigns the maximum node executions.
+      def max_steps(value = nil)
+        return graph_max_steps_value if value.nil?
+
+        value = Integer(value)
+        raise ArgumentError, "max_steps must be at least 1" if value < 1
+
+        self.graph_max_steps_value = value
+      end
+
+      # Validates the current topology and returns this Graph class.
+      def validate!
+        graph_definition!
+        self
+      end
+
+      def graph_definition! # :nodoc:
+        nodes = graph_nodes_value
+        start_name = graph_start_value
+        finish_name = graph_finish_value
+        raise ConfigurationError, "graph must declare at least one node" if nodes.empty?
+        raise ConfigurationError, "graph must declare a start node" unless start_name
+        raise ConfigurationError, "graph must declare a finish node" unless finish_name
+        validate_declared_node!(nodes, start_name, "start")
+        validate_declared_node!(nodes, finish_name, "finish")
+        nodes.each_value { |node| validate_step_policy!(node.policies) }
+
+        graph_edges_value.each do |declaration|
+          validate_declared_node!(nodes, declaration.from, "edge source")
+          validate_declared_node!(nodes, declaration.to, "edge target")
+          if declaration.from == finish_name
+            raise ConfigurationError, "graph finish node #{finish_name.inspect} cannot have outgoing edges"
+          end
+        end
+        graph_error_edges_value.each do |declaration|
+          validate_declared_node!(nodes, declaration.from, "error edge source")
+          validate_declared_node!(nodes, declaration.to, "error edge target")
+        end
+        graph_forks_value.each do |declaration|
+          validate_declared_node!(nodes, declaration.from, "fork source")
+          declaration.to.each { |target| validate_declared_node!(nodes, target, "fork target") }
+          if graph_forks_value.count { |fork| fork.from == declaration.from } > 1
+            raise ConfigurationError, "graph node #{declaration.from.inspect} has more than one fork"
+          end
+        end
+        graph_joins_value.each do |declaration|
+          declaration.from.each { |source| validate_declared_node!(nodes, source, "join source") }
+          validate_declared_node!(nodes, declaration.to, "join target")
+        end
+        validate_parallel_structure!
+        validate_success_routes!(nodes, finish_name)
+        validate_reachability!(nodes, start_name, finish_name)
+        [
+          nodes, graph_edges_value, graph_error_edges_value,
+          graph_forks_value, graph_joins_value, start_name, finish_name
+        ]
+      end
+
+      # Renders the validated topology as Mermaid flowchart text.
+      def to_mermaid
+        nodes, edges, error_edges, forks, joins, start_name, finish_name = graph_definition!
+        lines = ["flowchart TD"]
+        nodes.each_key { |name| lines << "  #{mermaid_id(name)}[#{name}]" }
+        lines << "  START((start)) --> #{mermaid_id(start_name)}"
+        lines << "  #{mermaid_id(finish_name)} --> FINISH((finish))"
+        edges.each do |edge|
+          label = edge.condition ? "condition" : nil
+          lines << mermaid_edge(edge.from, edge.to, label:)
+        end
+        error_edges.each { |edge| lines << mermaid_edge(edge.from, edge.to, label: "error", dotted: true) }
+        forks.each do |fork|
+          fork.to.each { |target| lines << mermaid_edge(fork.from, target, label: "fork") }
+        end
+        joins.each do |join|
+          join.from.each { |source| lines << mermaid_edge(source, join.to, label: "join") }
+        end
+        lines.join("\n")
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def extract_condition(options, block)
+        if options.key?(:if)
+          raise ArgumentError, "provide an edge condition with if: or a block, not both" if block
+
+          block = options.delete(:if)
+        end
+        raise ArgumentError, "unknown edge options: #{options.keys.join(", ")}" unless options.empty?
+        validate_callable!(block, "edge condition")
+        block
+      end
+
+      def validate_callable!(value, label)
+        raise ArgumentError, "#{label} must respond to call" if value && !value.respond_to?(:call)
+      end
+
+      def validate_declared_node!(nodes, name, label)
+        raise ConfigurationError, "graph #{label} #{name.inspect} is not declared" unless nodes.key?(name)
+      end
+
+      def validate_parallel_structure!
+        used = Set.new
+        graph_forks_value.each do |fork|
+          overlap = fork.to.select { |target| used.include?(target) }
+          raise ConfigurationError, "graph fork branches overlap at #{overlap.first.inspect}" if overlap.any?
+
+          used.merge(fork.to)
+        end
+        graph_forks_value.each do |fork|
+          if graph_edges_value.any? { |edge| edge.from == fork.from }
+            raise ConfigurationError, "graph fork node #{fork.from.inspect} cannot also declare ordinary edges"
+          end
+          matches = matching_joins_for(fork)
+          unless matches.one?
+            detail = matches.empty? ? "no matching join" : "more than one matching join"
+            raise ConfigurationError, "graph fork at #{fork.from.inspect} has #{detail}"
+          end
+        end
+        graph_joins_value.each do |join|
+          matches = graph_forks_value.select { |fork| matching_joins_for(fork).include?(join) }
+          unless matches.one?
+            detail = matches.empty? ? "no matching fork" : "more than one matching fork"
+            raise ConfigurationError, "graph join to #{join.to.inspect} has #{detail}"
+          end
+        end
+        validate_no_nested_forks!
+      end
+
+      def validate_no_nested_forks!
+        adjacency = Hash.new { |hash, key| hash[key] = [] }
+        graph_edges_value.each { |edge| adjacency[edge.from] << edge.to }
+        graph_forks_value.each do |outer|
+          join = matching_join_for(outer)
+          outer.to.each do |target|
+            reachable = reachable_nodes(target, adjacency, stop_at: join.from)
+            nested = graph_forks_value.find { |candidate| candidate != outer && reachable.include?(candidate.from) }
+            if nested
+              raise ConfigurationError, "graph fork #{nested.from.inspect} cannot be nested inside another fork branch"
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def reachable_nodes(from, adjacency, stop_at: [])
+        seen = Set.new
+        queue = [from]
+        until queue.empty?
+          current = queue.shift
+          next unless seen.add?(current)
+          next if stop_at.include?(current)
+
+          queue.concat(adjacency[current])
+        end
+        seen
+      end
+
+      def matching_join_for(fork)
+        matching_joins_for(fork).first
+      end
+
+      def matching_joins_for(fork)
+        adjacency = Hash.new { |hash, key| hash[key] = [] }
+        graph_edges_value.each { |edge| adjacency[edge.from] << edge.to }
+        graph_error_edges_value.each { |edge| adjacency[edge.from] << edge.to }
+        graph_joins_value.select do |join|
+          assignments = fork.to.map do |target|
+            join.from.select { |source| reachable?(target, source, adjacency) }
+          end
+          assignments.all?(&:one?) && assignments.flatten.uniq.length == fork.to.length
+        end
+      end
+
+      def validate_success_routes!(nodes, finish_name)
+        nodes.each_key do |name|
+          next if name == finish_name
+          next if graph_edges_value.any? { |edge| edge.from == name }
+          next if graph_forks_value.any? { |fork| fork.from == name }
+          next if graph_joins_value.any? { |join| join.from.include?(name) }
+
+          raise ConfigurationError, "graph node #{name.inspect} has no successful outgoing route"
+        end
+      end
+
+      def reachable?(from, to, adjacency)
+        seen = Set.new
+        queue = [from]
+        until queue.empty?
+          current = queue.shift
+          next unless seen.add?(current)
+          return true if current == to
+
+          queue.concat(adjacency[current])
+        end
+        false
+      end
+
+      def validate_reachability!(nodes, start_name, finish_name)
+        adjacency = Hash.new { |hash, key| hash[key] = [] }
+        graph_edges_value.each { |edge| adjacency[edge.from] << edge.to }
+        graph_error_edges_value.each { |edge| adjacency[edge.from] << edge.to }
+        graph_forks_value.each { |fork| adjacency[fork.from].concat(fork.to) }
+        graph_joins_value.each { |join| join.from.each { |source| adjacency[source] << join.to } }
+        reachable = Set.new
+        queue = [start_name]
+        until queue.empty?
+          current = queue.shift
+          next unless reachable.add?(current)
+
+          queue.concat(adjacency[current])
+        end
+        unreachable = nodes.keys.reject { |name| reachable.include?(name) }
+        raise ConfigurationError, "graph has unreachable node #{unreachable.first.inspect}" if unreachable.any?
+        raise ConfigurationError, "graph finish node #{finish_name.inspect} is unreachable" unless reachable.include?(finish_name)
+      end
+
+      def normalize_node_name(value)
+        value = value.to_sym
+        raise ArgumentError, "graph node name cannot be empty" if value.to_s.empty?
+
+        value
+      rescue NoMethodError
+        raise ArgumentError, "graph node name must be a String or Symbol"
+      end
+
+      def mermaid_id(name) = "n_#{name.to_s.gsub(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/, "_")}"
+
+      def mermaid_edge(from, to, label: nil, dotted: false)
+        connector = dotted ? "-.->" : "-->"
+        annotation = label ? "|#{label}|" : ""
+        "  #{mermaid_id(from)} #{connector}#{annotation} #{mermaid_id(to)}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize(run: nil, runtime: nil) # :nodoc:
+      super(run:, runtime:, standalone: run.nil?)
+      @graph_mutex = Mutex.new
+      @graph_started = false
+      @graph_children = []
+      @graph_execution_count = 0
+    end
+
+    # Streams lifecycle events and the finish node's ordinary response events.
+    def stream(input = nil, history: nil, context: nil,
+      cancellation_token: Support::CancellationToken.new, deadline: nil,
+      settings: nil, template_locals: nil, template_paths: nil,
+      parent_operation_id: nil, checkpoint: nil, **_options)
+      raise ArgumentError, "input is required" if input.nil?
+      if standalone?
+        return build_run(entrypoint_payload(input, {
+          history:, context:, settings:, template_paths:,
+          deadline_at: deadline, cancellation_token:
+        }.compact)).each
+      end
+
+      reserve_execution!
+      original_input = input.is_a?(Message) ? input : Message.new(role: :user, content: input)
+      original_history = normalize_history(history)
+      original_context = frozen_state(context || {})
+      settings ||= {}
+      template_locals ||= {}
+      template_paths ||= []
+
+      usage = Usage.new
+      error_emitted = false
+      Enumerator.new do |events|
+        definition = self.class.graph_definition!
+        nodes, edges, error_edges, forks, _joins, current, finish = definition
+        results = {}
+        steps = []
+        previous = nil
+        incoming_edge = nil
+        join_context = nil
+        routed_error = nil
+        previous_step_id = nil
+
+        loop do
+          count = next_graph_step!(cancellation_token, deadline)
+          state = routing_state(
+            input: original_input, history: original_history, context: original_context,
+            step: count, current:, previous:, results:,
+            predecessors: join_context&.fetch(:predecessors, []),
+            branch_results: join_context&.fetch(:results, {}) || {},
+            error: routed_error
+          )
+          node_input = if join_context
+            join_input_for(state, join_context.fetch(:join))
+          else
+            node_input_for(state, incoming_edge)
+          end
+          terminal = current == finish
+          begin
+            execution = execute_graph_node(
+              node: nodes.fetch(current), input: node_input, history: original_history,
+              context: original_context, cancellation_token:, deadline:, settings:,
+              template_locals:, template_paths:, parent_operation_id:,
+              predecessor_ids: join_context&.fetch(:step_ids, []) || Array(previous_step_id),
+              terminal:, events:
+            )
+          rescue => error
+            route = select_error_edge(error_edges.select { |edge| edge.from == current }, error)
+            raise unless route
+
+            usage += step_error_usage(error)
+            error.instance_variable_set(:@little_ghost_step_usage_accounted, true)
+            failed = failed_step(
+              error,
+              nodes.fetch(current),
+              current,
+              predecessor_ids: Array(previous_step_id)
+            )
+            steps << failed
+            previous_step_id = failed.id
+            incoming_edge = Edge.new(from: current, to: route.to, condition: nil, input_mapper: route.input_mapper)
+            events << transition_event(count, current, route.to, error: true)
+            previous = current
+            current = route.to
+            join_context = nil
+            routed_error = error
+            next
+          end
+
+          results[current] = execution.result
+          previous_step_id = execution.step.id
+          usage += execution.step.usage
+          steps.concat(execution.result.steps)
+          if terminal
+            final = copy_run_result(execution.result, usage:, steps: steps.freeze)
+            execution.events.each do |event|
+              event = StreamEvent.build(event.type, **event.data.merge(result: final)) if event.type == :invocation_stop
+              error_emitted = true if event.type == :invocation_error
+              events << event
+            end
+            break
+          end
+
+          fork = forks.find { |declaration| declaration.from == current }
+          if fork
+            join = self.class.send(:matching_join_for, fork)
+            events << StreamEvent.build(
+              :assembly_fork,
+              assembly_id: self.class.assembly_id,
+              assembly_kind: :graph,
+              from: current,
+              branches: fork.to
+            )
+            branch_outputs = run_graph_branches(
+              fork:, join:, nodes:, edges:, error_edges:,
+              original_input:, original_history:, original_context:,
+              results:, cancellation_token:, deadline:, settings:,
+              template_locals:, template_paths:, parent_operation_id:, events:
+            )
+            unless join.from.sort == branch_outputs.map(&:terminal).sort
+              raise AssemblyRoutingError, "graph fork at #{current.inspect} did not reach its declared join"
+            end
+
+            branch_outputs.each do |branch|
+              results.merge!(branch.results)
+              steps.concat(branch.steps)
+              usage += branch.usage
+              branch.events.each { |event| events << event }
+            end
+            events << StreamEvent.build(
+              :assembly_join,
+              assembly_id: self.class.assembly_id,
+              assembly_kind: :graph,
+              from: join.from,
+              to: join.to
+            )
+            previous = current
+            current = join.to
+            incoming_edge = nil
+            join_context = {
+              join:,
+              predecessors: join.from,
+              step_ids: branch_outputs.map { |branch| branch.steps.last.id },
+              results: join.from.to_h { |name| [name, results.fetch(name)] }
+            }
+            previous_step_id = nil
+            next
+          end
+
+          state = routing_state(
+            input: original_input, history: original_history, context: original_context,
+            step: count, current:, previous:, results:
+          )
+          selected = select_edge(edges.select { |edge| edge.from == current }, state)
+          events << transition_event(count, current, selected.to)
+          previous = current
+          current = selected.to
+          incoming_edge = selected
+          join_context = nil
+          routed_error = nil
+        end
+      rescue => error
+        usage += unaccounted_step_error_usage(error)
+        unless error_emitted
+          events << StreamEvent.build(:invocation_error, error:, usage:, metadata: {})
+        end
+        raise
+      end
+    end
+
+    def close
+      children = @graph_mutex.synchronize { @graph_children.reverse }
+      first_error = nil
+      children.each do |child|
+        child.close
+      rescue => error
+        first_error ||= error
+      end
+      super
+      raise first_error if first_error
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def execute_graph_node(node:, input:, history:, context:, cancellation_token:, deadline:,
+      settings:, template_locals:, template_paths:, parent_operation_id:,
+      predecessor_ids:, terminal:, events:, branch_id: nil)
+      step_id = SecureRandom.uuid
+      events << StreamEvent.build(
+        :assembly_step_start,
+        assembly_id: self.class.assembly_id,
+        assembly_kind: :graph,
+        participant: node.name,
+        branch_id:,
+        step_id:
+      )
+      execution = execute_assembly_step(
+        reference: node.assembly,
+        participant: node.name,
+        input:,
+        history: node.inherit_history ? history : [],
+        context: node.inherit_context ? context : {},
+        cancellation_token:, deadline:, settings:,
+        template_locals:, template_paths:, parent_operation_id:,
+        policies: node.policies,
+        predecessor_ids:,
+        branch_id:,
+        checkpoint: nil,
+        step_id:
+      ) { |event| events << event }
+      events << StreamEvent.build(
+        :assembly_step_stop,
+        assembly_id: self.class.assembly_id,
+        assembly_kind: :graph,
+        participant: node.name,
+        step_id: execution.step.id,
+        branch_id:,
+        usage: execution.step.usage
+      )
+      execution
+    end
+
+    def run_graph_branches(fork:, join:, nodes:, edges:, error_edges:, original_input:,
+      original_history:, original_context:, results:, cancellation_token:, deadline:,
+      settings:, template_locals:, template_paths:, parent_operation_id:, events:)
+      token = cancellation_token.child
+      queue = SizedQueue.new(1_000)
+      worker = Thread.new do
+        completed = []
+        results = Support::Executor.new(max_concurrency: fork.max_concurrency).map(
+          fork.to,
+          cancellation_token: token,
+          on_result: ->(_index, result) { completed << result }
+        ) do |start|
+          run_graph_branch(
+            start:, join:, nodes:, edges:, error_edges:, original_input:,
+            original_history:, original_context:, parent_results: results,
+            cancellation_token: token, deadline:, settings:, template_locals:,
+            template_paths:, parent_operation_id:,
+            event_consumer: ->(event) { enqueue_assembly_event(queue, [:event, event], token) }
+          )
+        end
+        enqueue_assembly_event(queue, [:done, results], token)
+      rescue => error
+        token.cancel
+        partial_usage = completed.sum(Usage.new) { |result| result.usage }
+        partial_usage += step_error_usage(error)
+        error.instance_variable_set(:@little_ghost_step_usage, partial_usage)
+        enqueue_assembly_terminal(queue, [:error, error])
+      end
+      loop do
+        type, value = queue.pop
+        events << value if type == :event
+        raise value if type == :error
+        break value if type == :done
+      end
+    ensure
+      token&.cancel
+      worker&.join
+    end
+
+    def run_graph_branch(start:, join:, nodes:, edges:, error_edges:, original_input:,
+      original_history:, original_context:, parent_results:, cancellation_token:,
+      deadline:, settings:, template_locals:, template_paths:, parent_operation_id:, event_consumer:)
+      current = start
+      previous = nil
+      incoming_edge = nil
+      local_results = {}
+      local_steps = []
+      local_usage = Usage.new
+      local_events = EventSink.new(event_consumer)
+      join_sources = join.from.to_set
+      terminal = nil
+      previous_step_id = nil
+      routed_error = nil
+
+      loop do
+        step_number = next_graph_step!(cancellation_token, deadline)
+        all_results = parent_results.merge(local_results)
+        state = routing_state(
+          input: original_input, history: original_history, context: original_context,
+          step: step_number, current:, previous:, results: all_results, error: routed_error
+        )
+        begin
+          execution = execute_graph_node(
+            node: nodes.fetch(current), input: node_input_for(state, incoming_edge),
+            history: original_history, context: original_context, cancellation_token:,
+            deadline:, settings:, template_locals:, template_paths:, parent_operation_id:,
+            predecessor_ids: Array(previous_step_id),
+            terminal: false, events: local_events, branch_id: start
+          )
+        rescue => error
+          route = select_error_edge(error_edges.select { |edge| edge.from == current }, error)
+          raise unless route
+
+          local_usage += step_error_usage(error)
+          error.instance_variable_set(:@little_ghost_step_usage_accounted, true)
+          failed = failed_step(
+            error,
+            nodes.fetch(current),
+            current,
+            branch_id: start,
+            predecessor_ids: Array(previous_step_id)
+          )
+          local_steps << failed
+          previous_step_id = failed.id
+          previous = current
+          current = route.to
+          incoming_edge = Edge.new(from: previous, to: current, condition: nil, input_mapper: route.input_mapper)
+          routed_error = error
+          next
+        end
+        local_results[current] = execution.result
+        previous_step_id = execution.step.id
+        local_steps.concat(execution.result.steps)
+        local_usage += execution.step.usage
+        terminal = current
+        break if join_sources.include?(terminal)
+
+        state = routing_state(
+          input: original_input, history: original_history, context: original_context,
+          step: step_number, current:, previous:, results: parent_results.merge(local_results)
+        )
+        selected = select_edge(edges.select { |edge| edge.from == current }, state)
+        local_events << transition_event(step_number, current, selected.to, branch_id: start)
+        previous = current
+        current = selected.to
+        incoming_edge = selected
+        routed_error = nil
+      end
+      BranchResult.new(
+        terminal:, results: local_results.freeze, steps: local_steps.freeze,
+        usage: local_usage, events: [].freeze
+      )
+    rescue => error
+      error.instance_variable_set(
+        :@little_ghost_step_usage,
+        local_usage + step_error_usage(error)
+      )
+      raise
+    end
+
+    def reserve_execution!
+      @graph_mutex.synchronize do
+        raise Error, "graph instances can only be streamed once" if @graph_started
+
+        @graph_started = true
+      end
+    end
+
+    def next_graph_step!(token, deadline)
+      token.raise_if_cancelled!
+      raise DeadlineExceededError, "The run deadline was reached" if deadline && Time.now >= deadline
+
+      @graph_mutex.synchronize do
+        if @graph_execution_count >= self.class.max_steps
+          raise AssemblyLimitError, "#{self.class} reached its max_steps limit of #{self.class.max_steps}"
+        end
+
+        @graph_execution_count += 1
+      end
+    end
+
+    def node_input_for(state, incoming_edge)
+      return state.input unless state.previous
+      return incoming_edge.input_mapper.call(state) if incoming_edge&.input_mapper
+
+      result = state.previous_result
+      if state.error && !result
+        return Message.new(
+          role: :user,
+          content: state.input.content + [Content::Text.new(text: "\n\n#{state.previous} failed: #{state.error.class.name}")]
+        )
+      end
+      label = state.previous.to_s.tr("_", " ")
+      Message.new(
+        role: :user,
+        content: state.input.content + [Content::Text.new(text: "\n\n#{label} output:\n#{output_text(result.output)}")]
+      )
+    end
+
+    def join_input_for(state, join)
+      return join.input_mapper.call(state) if join.input_mapper
+
+      additions = join.from.map do |name|
+        "\n\n#{name.to_s.tr("_", " ")} output:\n#{output_text(state.branch_results.fetch(name).output)}"
+      end.join
+      Message.new(role: :user, content: state.input.content + [Content::Text.new(text: additions)])
+    end
+
+    def output_text(output)
+      output.is_a?(String) ? output : JSON.generate(output)
+    rescue JSON::GeneratorError
+      output.to_s
+    end
+
+    def select_edge(candidates, state)
+      raise AssemblyRoutingError, "graph node #{state.current.inspect} has no outgoing edge" if candidates.empty?
+
+      conditional = candidates.select { |edge| edge.condition&.call(state) }
+      if conditional.length > 1
+        raise AssemblyRoutingError, "graph node #{state.current.inspect} matched more than one conditional edge"
+      end
+      return conditional.first if conditional.one?
+
+      fallback = candidates.reject(&:condition)
+      if fallback.length > 1
+        raise AssemblyRoutingError, "graph node #{state.current.inspect} has more than one unconditional edge"
+      end
+      return fallback.first if fallback.one?
+
+      raise AssemblyRoutingError, "graph node #{state.current.inspect} did not match an outgoing edge"
+    end
+
+    def select_error_edge(candidates, error)
+      return nil if error.is_a?(CancelledError) || error.is_a?(DeadlineExceededError) || error.is_a?(CleanupError)
+
+      matches = candidates.select { |edge| edge.errors.any? { |type| error.is_a?(type) } }
+      raise AssemblyRoutingError, "graph error matched more than one error edge" if matches.length > 1
+
+      matches.first
+    end
+
+    def failed_step(error, node, participant, branch_id: nil, predecessor_ids: [])
+      Step.new(
+        id: error.instance_variable_get(:@little_ghost_step_id) || SecureRandom.uuid,
+        participant:,
+        assembly_id: error.instance_variable_get(:@little_ghost_step_assembly_id) || assembly_reference_id(node.assembly),
+        assembly_kind: error.instance_variable_get(:@little_ghost_step_assembly_kind) || :assembly,
+        branch_id:,
+        predecessor_ids:,
+        status: :failed,
+        attempts: error.instance_variable_get(:@little_ghost_step_attempts) || [],
+        usage: step_error_usage(error)
+      )
+    end
+
+    def step_error_usage(error) = error.instance_variable_get(:@little_ghost_step_usage) || Usage.new
+
+    def unaccounted_step_error_usage(error)
+      return Usage.new if error.instance_variable_get(:@little_ghost_step_usage_accounted)
+
+      step_error_usage(error)
+    end
+
+    def assembly_reference_id(reference)
+      return reference.assembly_id if reference.respond_to?(:assembly_id)
+      return reference.assembly_id if reference.is_a?(Class) && reference <= Assembly
+
+      reference.to_s
+    end
+
+    def transition_event(step, from, to, error: false, branch_id: nil)
+      StreamEvent.build(
+        :assembly_transition,
+        assembly_id: self.class.assembly_id,
+        assembly_kind: :graph,
+        step:, from:, to:, error:, branch_id:
+      )
+    end
+
+    def normalize_history(value)
+      return [].freeze if value.nil?
+
+      Array(value).map { |message| Message.coerce(message) }.freeze
+    end
+
+    def frozen_state(value)
+      value = isolated_assembly_state(value)
+      deep_freeze_assembly_value(value)
+    end
+
+    def routing_state(input:, history:, context:, step:, current:, previous:, results:,
+      predecessors: [], branch_results: {}, error: nil)
+      immutable_results = results.to_h { |name, result| [name, immutable_result(result)] }
+      immutable_branches = branch_results.to_h { |name, result| [name, immutable_result(result)] }
+      State.new(
+        input:, history:, context:, step:, current:, previous:,
+        predecessors:, results: immutable_results,
+        branch_results: immutable_branches, error:
+      )
+    end
+
+    def immutable_result(result)
+      structured = result.structured_result
+      if structured
+        structured = StructuredResult.new(
+          schema_name: structured.schema_name,
+          value: frozen_state(structured.value)
+        )
+      end
+      RunResult.new(
+        message: result.message,
+        stop_reason: result.stop_reason,
+        usage: result.usage,
+        messages: result.messages.dup.freeze,
+        state: frozen_state(result.state),
+        structured_result: structured,
+        steps: result.steps
+      )
+    end
+  end
+end