lisp-interpreter 0.1.0

data/lib/lisp/interpreter/validator.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Validator module is used to validate if the user input is correct
+module Validator
+  def balanced_brackets?(token)
+    strim = token.gsub(/[^\[\]\(\)\{\}]/, '')
+    return true if strim.empty?
+    return false if strim.size.odd?
+    loop do
+      s = strim.gsub('()', '').gsub('[]', '').gsub('{}', '')
+      return true if s.empty?
+      return false if s == strim
+      strim = s
+    end
+  end
+
+  def balanced_quotes?(token)
+    token.count('"').even?
+  end
+
+  def valid_var_name(var)
+    !var.match(/^[[:alpha:]]+$/).nil?
+  end
+
+  def valid_var(var)
+    (valid_literals var) || (valid_objects var)
+  end
+
+  def valid_function(fn)
+    idx = fn[0] == '(' ? (find_bracket_idx fn, 0) : 0
+    func =
+      if idx.zero?
+        predefined_method_caller [fn[idx]]
+      else
+        calc_input_val fn[0..idx]
+      end
+    raise 'No such procedure' if func.nil? && (!func.is_a? Proc)
+    [func, fn[idx + 1..-1]]
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def valid_literals(var)
+    number = check_for_number var
+    string = check_for_string var
+    boolean = check_for_bool var
+    symbol = check_for_symbol var
+    quote = check_for_quote var
+    number || string || boolean || symbol || quote
+  end
+
+  def valid_objects(var)
+    var.list? || var.pair?
+  end
+end

data/lib/lisp/interpreter/value_finder.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# Value finder module
+module ValueFinder
+  def find_all_values(other)
+    result = []
+    until other.empty?
+      x, other = find_next_value other
+      result << x
+    end
+    result
+  end
+
+  def find_bracket_idx(other, first_bracket)
+    open_br = 0
+    other[first_bracket..other.size - 1].each_with_index do |token, idx|
+      open_br += 1 if token == '('
+      open_br -= 1 if token == ')'
+      return idx + first_bracket if open_br.zero?
+    end
+  end
+
+  def find_next_function_value(other)
+    idx = (find_bracket_idx other, 0)
+    value = calc_input_val other[0..idx]
+    other = other[idx + 1..other.size]
+    [value, other]
+  end
+
+  def size_for_list_elem(values)
+    result = []
+    values.each do |v|
+      if v.include?('(') || v.include?(')')
+        v.split(/(\(|\))|\ /).each { |t| result << t unless t == '' }
+      else
+        result << v
+      end
+    end
+    result.size
+  end
+
+  def find_next_value_helper(other)
+    value = no_eval_list other[2..(find_bracket_idx other, 1) - 1]
+    [(build_list value), other[3 + (size_for_list_elem value)..-1]]
+  end
+
+  def find_value_helper(other)
+    if other[0] == '('
+      find_next_function_value other
+    elsif other[0..1].join == '\'('
+      find_next_value_helper other
+    else
+      value = get_var other[0].to_s
+      [value, other[1..-1]]
+    end
+  end
+
+  def find_next_value(other)
+    return [other[0], other[1..-1]] if other[0].is_a? Proc
+    find_value_helper other
+  end
+end

data/lib/lisp/interpreter/version.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+module Lisp
+  module Interpreter
+    VERSION = '0.1.0'.freeze
+  end
+end

data/lisp-interpreter.gemspec

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+lib = File.expand_path('../lib', __FILE__)
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(lib) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(lib)
+require 'lisp/interpreter/version'
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+  spec.name          = 'lisp-interpreter'
+  spec.version       = Lisp::Interpreter::VERSION
+  spec.authors       = ['Zaki Petrov']
+  spec.email         = ['zaki1993@abv.bg\n']
+
+  spec.summary       = %q{Lisp interpreter gem}
+  spec.homepage      = ""
+  spec.license       = "MIT"
+
+  # Prevent pushing this gem to RubyGems.org. To allow pushes either set the 'allowed_push_host'
+  # to allow pushing to a single host or delete this section to allow pushing to any host.
+  if spec.respond_to?(:metadata)
+    spec.metadata['allowed_push_host'] = "https://rubygems.org"
+  else
+    raise 'RubyGems 2.0 or newer is required to protect against " \
+      "public gem pushes.'
+  end
+
+  spec.files         = `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject do |f|
+    f.match(%r{^(test)/})
+  end
+  spec.bindir        = 'exe'
+  spec.executables   = spec.files.grep(%r{^exe/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
+  spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
+
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'bundler', '~> 1.15'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rake', '~> 10.0'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rspec', '~> 3.0'
+end

data/spec/lisp/interpreter_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,987 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe Lisp::Interpreter do
+  before do
+    @p = Parser.new
+    @p.parse('(define x 5)')
+    @p.parse('(define y 0.999)')
+    @msg =
+      {
+        'inc_number' => 'Incorrect number of arguments',
+        'zero_div' => 'divided by 0',
+        'inv_type' => 'Invalid data type'
+      }
+
+    def car_cdr_err(got, fn)
+      'Cannot apply ' + fn + ' on ' + got
+    end
+
+    def build_lst(arr)
+      '(' + arr.join(' ') + ')'
+    end
+
+    @p.parse('(define xl (lambda (x) (* 2 x)))')
+    @p.parse('(define yl (lambda () 5))')
+    @p.parse('(define zl (lambda ()))')
+  end
+
+  describe 'exceptions' do
+    context 'wrong number of arguments' do
+      it 'throws error when less arguments are provided' do
+        expect(@p.parse('(cons 1)')).to eq @msg['inc_number']
+      end
+
+      it 'throws error when more arguments are provided' do
+        expect(@p.parse('(xl 6 6)')).to eq @msg['inc_number']
+      end
+
+      it 'throws error when no arguments are expected' do
+        expect(@p.parse('(yl 5)')).to eq @msg['inc_number']
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'incorrect argument type' do
+      it 'throws error when <number> is expected' do
+        expect(@p.parse('(+ #t)')).to eq @msg['inv_type']
+      end
+
+      it 'throws error when <string> is expected' do
+        expect(@p.parse('(string-length 1)')).to eq @msg['inv_type']
+      end
+
+      it 'throws error when <boolean> is expected' do
+        expect(@p.parse('(not \'apple)')).to eq @msg['inv_type']
+      end
+
+      it 'throws error when <list> is expected' do
+        expect(@p.parse('(length "not list")')).to eq @msg['inv_type']
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'literals' do
+    it 'throws invalid variable error when the data is invalid' do
+      expect(@p.parse('#\invalid')).to eq @msg['inv_type']
+    end
+
+    it 'can parse integers' do
+      expect(@p.parse('1')).to eq '1'
+    end
+
+    it 'can parse floats' do
+      expect(@p.parse('1.5')).to eq '1.5'
+    end
+
+    it 'can parse strings' do
+      expect(@p.parse('"Sample"')).to eq '"Sample"'
+    end
+
+    it 'can parse booleans' do
+      expect(@p.parse('#t')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('#f')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+
+    it 'can parse characters' do
+      expect(@p.parse('#\t')).to eq '#\t'
+      expect(@p.parse('#\space')).to eq '#\space'
+    end
+
+    it 'can parse quotes' do
+      expect(@p.parse('\'(1 2)')).to eq '(1 2)'
+      expect(@p.parse('\'QUOTE')).to eq 'QUOTE'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(+ z ...)' do
+    it 'returns 0 when <z> is not provided' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(+)')).to eq 0
+    end
+
+    it 'returns <z> when <z> is single argument' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(+ 1)')).to eq 1
+      expect(@p.parse('(+ 5.0)')).to eq 5.0
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the sum of <z>s when <z> are multiple arguments' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(+ 1 2)')).to eq 3
+      expect(@p.parse('(+ 1 2.0 3)')).to eq 6.0
+      expect(@p.parse('(+ 1 0 3 4.4)')).to eq 8.4
+      expect(@p.parse('(+ 1 2 3 4 5)')).to eq 15
+      expect(@p.parse('(+ 1 (+ 2 0) (+ 2 1) (+ 2 2) 5)')).to eq 15
+      expect(@p.parse('(+ 1.2 (*) (- 0) (+))')).to eq 2.2
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(- z w ...+)' do
+    it 'returns 0 if no <z> and <w>s are provided' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(-)')).to eq 0
+    end
+
+    it 'returns <-z> if no <w>s are provided' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(- 1)')).to be '-1'.to_i
+      expect(@p.parse('(- 5.0)')).to eq '-5'.to_f
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the subtractions of <w>s from <z>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(- 1 2)')).to eq '-1'.to_i
+      expect(@p.parse('(- 1 2 0.0)')).to eq '-1'.to_f
+      expect(@p.parse('(- 1 2 3 4 5)')).to eq '-13'.to_i
+      expect(@p.parse('(- -1 2 3 4 5)')).to eq '-15'.to_i
+      expect(@p.parse('(- 1 (+ 2 0) (+ 2 1) (+ 2 2) 5)')).to eq '-13'.to_i
+      expect(@p.parse('(- 1.2 (*) (+))')).to eq 0.19999999999999996
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(* z ...)' do
+    it 'returns 1 if <z> is not provided' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(*)')).to eq 1
+    end
+
+    it 'return <z> if <z> is single argument' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(* 1)')).to eq 1
+      expect(@p.parse('(* 0.0)')).to eq 0.0
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the product of <z> if <z> is not single argument' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(* 8.0 9)')).to eq 72.0
+      expect(@p.parse('(* 1 2 0.0)')).to eq 0.0
+      expect(@p.parse('(* 1 2 3 4)')).to eq 24
+      expect(@p.parse('(* 1 2 3 4.0 5)')).to eq 120.0
+      expect(@p.parse('(* 1 (+ 2 0) (+ 2 1) (+ 2 2) 5)')).to eq 120
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(/ z w ...+)' do
+    it 'throws ZeroDivisionError when <z> is 0 and no <w>s are provided' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(/ 0)')).to eq @msg['zero_div']
+      expect(@p.parse('(/ 0.0)')).to eq @msg['zero_div']
+    end
+
+    it 'returns <z> when no <w>s are provided' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(/ 1)')).to eq 1
+      expect(@p.parse('(/ 10.0)')).to eq 0.1
+    end
+
+    it 'returns (/ <z> <w>s) when <w>s are provided' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(/ 81 3.0)')).to eq 27.0
+      expect(@p.parse('(/ 1 2 3 4 5)')).to eq 0.008333333333333333
+      expect(@p.parse('(/ 1 (+ 2) (+ 2 1))')).to eq 0.16666666666666666
+      expect(@p.parse('(/ (* 0.33 6) (/ 22 7))')).to eq 0.63
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(not v)' do
+    it 'returns #t when <v> is #f' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(not #f)')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(not (not #t))')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns #f when <v> is #t' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(not #t)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(not (not #f))')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(equal? v1 v2)' do
+    it 'returns #t when <v1> = <v2>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(equal? 1 1)')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(equal? "Sample" "Sample")')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(equal? \'yes \'yes)')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(equal? (cons 1 2) (cons 1 2))')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(equal? (cons 1 2) \'(1 . 2))')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns #f when <v1> != <v2>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(equal? 1 1.0)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(equal? #t #f)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(equal? #\a #\b)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(equal? (not #t) (not #f))')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(quotient n m)' do
+    it 'throws ZeroDivisionError if second argument is 0' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(quotient 1 0)')).to eq @msg['zero_div']
+    end
+
+    it 'finds the quotient of <n> and <m> when they are integers' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(quotient 10 3)')).to eq 3
+      expect(@p.parse('(quotient -10 3)')).to eq '-3'.to_i
+      expect(@p.parse('(quotient 10 -3)')).to eq '-3'.to_i
+      expect(@p.parse('(quotient -10 -3)')).to eq 3
+    end
+
+    it 'finds the quotient of <n> and <m> when they are floats' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(quotient 10 3.0)')).to eq 3.0
+      expect(@p.parse('(quotient -10.0 3)')).to eq '-3'.to_f
+      expect(@p.parse('(quotient -10 3.0)')).to eq '-3'.to_f
+      expect(@p.parse('(quotient -10.0 -3.0)')).to eq 3.0
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(remainder n m)' do
+    it 'throws ZeroDivisionError if <m> is 0' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(remainder 1 0)')).to eq @msg['zero_div']
+      expect(@p.parse('(remainder 1 0.0)')).to eq @msg['zero_div']
+    end
+
+    it 'finds the remainder of <n> and <m> when they are integers' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(remainder 10 3)')).to eq 1
+      expect(@p.parse('(remainder -10 3)')).to eq '-1'.to_i
+      expect(@p.parse('(remainder 10 -3)')).to eq 1
+      expect(@p.parse('(remainder -10 -3)')).to eq '-1'.to_i
+    end
+
+    it 'finds the remainder of <n> and <m> when they are floats' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(remainder 10 3.0)')).to eq 1.0
+      expect(@p.parse('(remainder -10.0 3)')).to eq '-1'.to_f
+      expect(@p.parse('(remainder 10 -3.0)')).to eq 1.0
+      expect(@p.parse('(remainder -10.0 -3.0)')).to eq '-1'.to_f
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(modulo n m)' do
+    it 'throws ZeroDivisionError if <m> is 0' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(modulo 1 0)')).to eq @msg['zero_div']
+      expect(@p.parse('(modulo 1 0.0)')).to eq @msg['zero_div']
+    end
+
+    it 'finds the modulo of <n> and <m> when they are integers' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(modulo 10 3)')).to eq 1
+      expect(@p.parse('(modulo -10 3)')).to eq 2
+      expect(@p.parse('(modulo 10 -3)')).to eq '-2'.to_i
+      expect(@p.parse('(modulo -10 -3)')).to eq '-1'.to_i
+    end
+
+    it 'finds the modulo of <n> and <m> when they are floats' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(modulo 10 3.0)')).to eq 1.0
+      expect(@p.parse('(modulo -10.0 3)')).to eq 2.0
+      expect(@p.parse('(modulo 10 -3.0)')).to eq '-2'.to_f
+      expect(@p.parse('(modulo -10.0 -3.0)')).to eq '-1'.to_f
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(numerator q)' do
+    it 'returns the numerator of <q> when <q> is integer' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(numerator 5)')).to eq 5
+      expect(@p.parse('(numerator 1)')).to eq 1
+      expect(@p.parse('(numerator 0)')).to eq 0
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the numerator of <q> when <q> is float' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(numerator 5.3)')).to eq 5.3
+      expect(@p.parse('(numerator 1.5)')).to eq 1.5
+      expect(@p.parse('(numerator 0.7)')).to eq 0.7
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the numerator of <q> when <q> is rational' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(numerator 5/6)')).to eq 5
+      expect(@p.parse('(numerator 1/1)')).to eq 1
+      expect(@p.parse('(numerator 1/0)')).to eq 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(denominator q)' do
+    it 'returns the denominator of <q> when <q> is integer' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(denominator 5)')).to eq 1
+      expect(@p.parse('(denominator 1)')).to eq 1
+      expect(@p.parse('(denominator 0)')).to eq 1
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the denominator of <q> when <q> is float' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(denominator 5.3)')).to eq 1
+      expect(@p.parse('(denominator 1.5)')).to eq 1
+      expect(@p.parse('(denominator 0.7)')).to eq 1
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the denominator of <q> when <q> is rational' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(denominator 5/6)')).to eq 6
+      expect(@p.parse('(denominator 1/1.5)')).to eq 1.5
+      expect(@p.parse('(denominator 1/0)')).to eq 0
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(abs z)' do
+    it 'returns the absolute value of <z> when <z> is integer' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(abs 1)')).to eq 1
+      expect(@p.parse('(abs -10)')).to eq 10
+      expect(@p.parse('(abs 0)')).to eq 0
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the absolute value of <z> when <z> is float' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(abs 1.0)')).to eq 1.0
+      expect(@p.parse('(abs -10.7)')).to eq 10.7
+      expect(@p.parse('(abs 0.0)')).to eq 0.0
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(add1 z)' do
+    it 'returns <z> + 1 when <z> is integer' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(add1 1)')).to eq 2
+      expect(@p.parse('(add1 -1)')).to eq 0
+      expect(@p.parse('(add1 -2)')).to eq '-1'.to_i
+    end
+
+    it 'returns <z> + 1 when <z> is float' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(add1 1.0)')).to eq 2.0
+      expect(@p.parse('(add1 -1.0)')).to eq 0.0
+      expect(@p.parse('(add1 -2.5)')).to eq '-1.5'.to_f
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(sub1 z)' do
+    it 'returns <z> - 1 when <z> is integer' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(sub1 1)')).to eq 0
+      expect(@p.parse('(sub1 -1)')).to eq '-2'.to_i
+      expect(@p.parse('(sub1 -2)')).to eq '-3'.to_i
+    end
+
+    it 'returns <z> - 1 when <z> is float' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(sub1 1.0)')).to eq 0.0
+      expect(@p.parse('(sub1 -1.0)')).to eq '-2'.to_f
+      expect(@p.parse('(sub1 -2.5)')).to eq '-3.5'.to_f
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(min x ...+)' do
+    it 'returns <x> if <x> is single argument' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(min -5)')).to eq '-5'.to_i
+      expect(@p.parse('(min 1.5)')).to eq 1.5
+      expect(@p.parse('(min 1)')).to eq 1
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the smallest of <x>s' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(min 0 0)')).to eq 0
+      expect(@p.parse('(min 4 2.1 9.5)')).to eq 2.1
+      expect(@p.parse('(min 5 3 1 2 4)')).to eq 1
+      expect(@p.parse('(min 1.99 1.98002 1.98001 2)')).to eq 1.98001
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(max x ...+)' do
+    it 'returns <x> if <x>s is single argument' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(max -5)')).to eq '-5'.to_i
+      expect(@p.parse('(max 1.5)')).to eq 1.5
+      expect(@p.parse('(max 1)')).to eq 1
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the largest of <x>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(max 0 0)')).to eq 0
+      expect(@p.parse('(max 4 2.1 9.5)')).to eq 9.5
+      expect(@p.parse('(max 5 3 1 2 4)')).to eq 5
+      expect(@p.parse('(max 1.9999999 2.000001 2)')).to eq 2.000001
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(< x y ...+)' do
+    it 'returns true when called with <smaller> and <bigger> arguments' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(< 1 2)')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(< 1.7 2.8 3)')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false when called with <bigger> and <smaller> arguments' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(< 3 2)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(< 3.1 2.5 1.2)')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false when called with equal arguments' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(< 2 2.0)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(< 2 2 2 2 2)')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(> x y ...+)' do
+    it 'returns true when called with <smaller> and <bigger> arguments' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(> 3 2)')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(> 3.2 2.99 1.1)')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false when called with <bigger> and <smaller> arguments' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(> 1 2)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(> 1.5 2.1 3.7)')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false when called with equal arguments' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(> 2 2.0)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(> 2 2 2 2 2)')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(<= x y ...+)' do
+    it 'returns true when called with <smaller> and <bigger> arguments' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(<= 1 2)')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(<= 1.5 2.1 3.6)')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false when called with <bigger> and <smaller> arguments' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(<= 3.1 2.1)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(<= 3.2 2.2 1.2)')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns true when called with equal arguments' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(<= 2 2.0)')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(<= 2 2 2 2 2)')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(>= x y ...+)' do
+    it 'returns true when called with <smaller> and <bigger> arguments' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(>= 3 2)')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(>= 3.5 2.5 1.5)')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false when called with <bigger> and <smaller> arguments' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(>= 1 2)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(>= 1.5 2.5 3.5)')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns true when called with equal arguments' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(>= 2 2.0)')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(>= 2 2 2 2 2)')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(string-length str)' do
+    it 'returns 0 whem <str> is the empty string' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-length "")')).to eq 0
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the length of <str> when <str> is not the empty string' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-length "Hello world")')).to eq 11
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-length "Sample")')).to eq 6
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-length "   ")')).to eq 3
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(substring str from [to])' do
+    it 'finds the substring of <str> when only <from> is provided' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(substring "Apple" 1)')).to eq '"pple"'
+      expect(@p.parse('(substring "Hello world" 4)')).to eq '"o world"'
+      expect(@p.parse('(substring "" 4)')).to eq '""'
+      expect(@p.parse('(substring "Sample" 15)')).to eq '""'
+      expect(@p.parse('(substring "Sample" 0)')).to eq '"Sample"'
+    end
+
+    it 'finds the substring of <str> when <from> and <to> are provided' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(substring "Apple" 1 4)')).to eq '"ppl"'
+      expect(@p.parse('(substring "Hello world" 4 7)')).to eq '"o w"'
+      expect(@p.parse('(substring "Apple" 4 2)')).to eq '""'
+      expect(@p.parse('(substring "Sample" 15 16)')).to eq '""'
+      expect(@p.parse('(substring "Sample" 0 0)')).to eq '"Sample"'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(string-upcase str)' do
+    it 'returns <str> if <str> is the empty string' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-upcase "")')).to eq '""'
+    end
+
+    it 'converts <str> to upcase if <str> is not the empty string' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-upcase "Apple")')).to eq '"APPLE"'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-upcase "sample")')).to eq '"SAMPLE"'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-upcase "APPLE")')).to eq '"APPLE"'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-upcase "SaMpLe")')).to eq '"SAMPLE"'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(string-downcase str)' do
+    it 'returns <str> if <str> is the empty string' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-downcase "")')).to eq '""'
+    end
+
+    it 'converts <str> to downcase if <str> is not the empty string' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-downcase "Apple")')).to eq '"apple"'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-downcase "Sample")')).to eq '"sample"'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-downcase "APPLE")')).to eq '"apple"'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-downcase "SaMpLe")')).to eq '"sample"'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(string-contains? s contained)' do
+    it 'returns true if <contained> is prefix of <s>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-contains? "Racket" "Rac")')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-contains? "racket" "rac")')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns true if <contained> is sufix of <s>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-contains? "Racket" "ket")')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-contains? "racket" "ket")')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns true if <contained> is infix of <s>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-contains? "Racket" "acke")')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-contains? "racket" "acke")')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-contains? "Racket" "Racket")')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false if <s> does not contain <contained>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-contains? "Racket" "Rackett")')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-contains? "racket" "sample")')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(string->list str)' do
+    it 'return the empty list if <str> is the empty string' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string->list "")')).to eq '()'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns a list of <str> characters when <str> is not the empty list' do
+      result = '(#\S #\a #\m #\p #\l #\e)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string->list "Sample")')).to eq result
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(string-split str [sep])' do
+    it 'splits the empty string' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-split "")')).to eq '()'
+    end
+
+    it 'splits string only with spaces' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-split "  ")')).to eq '()'
+    end
+
+    it 'removes the carriage when splitting' do
+      result = '("foo" "bar" "baz")'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-split "  foo bar  baz \r\n\t")')).to eq result
+    end
+
+    it 'can split non empty string' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-split "p e n")')).to eq '("p" "e" "n")'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(string? v)' do
+    it 'returns true if <v> is string' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string? "str")')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string? "")')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false if <v> is not string' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string? 1)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string? 1.5)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string? \'apple)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string? \'(1 . 2))')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string? #\a)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string? #t)')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(string-replace str from to)' do
+    it 'can replace the empty string' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-replace "pen" "" " ")')).to eq '" p e n "'
+    end
+
+    it 'can replace non empty strings' do
+      res = '"foo blah baz"'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-replace "foo bar baz" "bar" "blah")')).to eq res
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(string-prefix? s prefix)' do
+    it 'returns true if <s> starts with <prefix>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-prefix? "Racket" "Rac")')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-prefix? "racket" "rac")')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns true if <prefix> is equal to <s>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-prefix? "Racket" "Racket")')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false if <s> does not start with <prefix>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-prefix? "Racket" "Rackett")')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-prefix? "racket" "sample")')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-prefix? "racket" "ket")')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(string-sufix? s suffix)' do
+    it 'returns true if <s> ends with <suffix>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-sufix? "Racket" "cket")')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-sufix? "racket" "cket")')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns true if <suffix> is equal to <s>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-sufix? "Racket" "Racket")')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false if <s> does not end with <suffix>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-sufix? "Racket" "Rackett")')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-sufix? "racket" "sample")')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-sufix? "racket" "rack")')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(string-join strs [sep])' do
+    it 'appends the strings in <strs> when <sep> is not provided' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-join \'(1 2))')).to eq '"1 2"'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-join \'())')).to eq '""'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-join (list 1 2))')).to eq '"1 2"'
+    end
+
+    it 'appends the strings in <strs> when <sep> is provided' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-join \'(1 2) "potato")')).to eq '"1potato2"'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-join \'() "potato")')).to eq '""'
+      expect(@p.parse('(string-join (list 1 2) "potato")')).to eq '"1potato2"'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(null? v)' do
+    it 'returns true when <v> is the empty list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(null? \'())')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(null? null)')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(null? (list))')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false when <v> is not the empty list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(null? \'(1 2))')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(null? (cons 1 \'()))')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(null? (list 1 2))')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(null? 1)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(null? 1.5)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(null? "string")')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(null? #t)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(null? \'quote)')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(cons a d)' do
+    it 'returns pair of <a> and <d> when <d> is not list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(cons 1 2)')).to eq '(1 . 2)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(cons 1 (cons 2 3))')).to eq '(1 2 . 3)'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns pair when <d> is list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(cons 1 \'())')).to eq '(1)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(cons 1 null)')).to eq '(1)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(cons 1 (list))')).to eq '(1)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(cons 1 (cons 2 \'()))')).to eq '(1 2)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(cons 1 (list 2 3))')).to eq '(1 2 3)'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#reserverd_keywords' do
+    context '#null' do
+      it 'returns empty list' do
+        expect(@p.parse('null')).to eq '()'
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(list v ...)' do
+    it 'returns empty list when <v> is not provided' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(list)')).to eq '()'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns non empty list when <v> has 1 or more elements' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(list 1)')).to eq '(1)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(list 1 "s")')).to eq '(1 "s")'
+      result = '(1 (#t . #f) quote)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(list 1 (cons #t #f) \'quote)')).to eq result
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(car p)' do
+    it 'throws error when <p> is the empty list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(car null)')).to eq car_cdr_err '\'()', 'car'
+      expect(@p.parse('(car (list))')).to eq car_cdr_err '\'()', 'car'
+      expect(@p.parse('(car \'())')).to eq car_cdr_err '\'()', 'car'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the first element of <p>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(car (cons 1 2))')).to eq '1'
+      expect(@p.parse('(car \'( #t . 2))')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(car (list #f 2 3 4))')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(car \'(1 2 3 4))')).to eq '1'
+      expect(@p.parse('(car \'(1))')).to eq '1'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(cdr p)' do
+    it 'throws error when <p> is the empty list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(cdr null)')).to eq car_cdr_err '\'()', 'cdr'
+      expect(@p.parse('(cdr (list))')).to eq car_cdr_err '\'()', 'cdr'
+      expect(@p.parse('(cdr \'())')).to eq car_cdr_err '\'()', 'cdr'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the second element of <p>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(cdr (cons 1 2))')).to eq '(2)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(cdr \'( "sample" . #t))')).to eq '(#t)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(cdr (cons 1 (cons 2 3)))')).to eq '(2 . 3)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(cdr (list #f 2 3 4))')).to eq '(2 3 4)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(cdr \'(1 2 3 4))')).to eq '(2 3 4)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(cdr \'(1))')).to eq '()'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(list? v)' do
+    it 'returns true if <v> is empty list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(list? null)')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(list? (list))')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(list? \'())')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns true if <v> is not empty list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(list? \'(1 2))')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(list? (list 1 2))')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(list? \'(1 #t "str"))')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false if <v> is not list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(list? #t)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(list? 1)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(list? \'quote)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(list? "string")')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(list? \'(1 . 2))')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(pair? v)' do
+    it 'returns true if <v> is not empty list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(pair? \'(1 2))')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(pair? \'(1))')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(pair? (list 1 2))')).to eq '#t'
+      expect(@p.parse('(pair? \'(1 #t "str"))')).to eq '#t'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false if <v> is empty list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(pair? null)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(pair? (list))')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(pair? \'())')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false if <v> is not pair' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(pair? #t)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(pair? 1)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(pair? \'quote)')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(pair? "string")')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(length lst)' do
+    it 'returns 0 if <lst> is the empty list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(length null)')).to eq 0
+      expect(@p.parse('(length (list))')).to eq 0
+      expect(@p.parse('(length \'())')).to eq 0
+    end
+
+    it 'returns the number of elements in <lst> if <lst> is not empty list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(length \'(1 2))')).to eq 2
+      expect(@p.parse('(length (list 1 2 3))')).to eq 3
+      expect(@p.parse('(length (cons 1 \'(2 3 4)))')).to eq 4
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(reverse lst)' do
+    it 'returns <lst> if <lst> is the empty list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(reverse null)')).to eq '()'
+      expect(@p.parse('(reverse (list))')).to eq '()'
+      expect(@p.parse('(reverse \'())')).to eq '()'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns <lst> backwards if <lst> is not the empty list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(reverse \'(1 2))')).to eq '(2 1)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(reverse (list 1 2 3))')).to eq '(3 2 1)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(reverse (cons 1 \'(2 3 4)))')).to eq '(4 3 2 1)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(reverse \'(1 \'(2 3 4) 5))')).to eq '(5 (2 3 4) 1)'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(remove v lst)' do
+    it 'returns <lst> if the <v> is not found in <lst>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(remove 9 (list 1 2 3))')).to eq '(1 2 3)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(remove (list 1 2 3) (cons 1 \'(2 3)))')).to eq '(1 2 3)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(remove #t \'(1 2 3))')).to eq '(1 2 3)'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns <lst> ommiting the first element that is equal to <v>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(remove 1 (list 1 2 3))')).to eq '(2 3)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(remove \'(1) (list \'(1) 2 3))')).to eq '(2 3)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(remove #t \'(1 2 #t 3))')).to eq '(1 2 3)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(remove 1 (list 1 2 1 3))')).to eq '(2 1 3)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(remove #t \'(#t #t #t))')).to eq '(#t #t)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(remove "str" \'("str"))')).to eq '()'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(shuffle lst)' do
+    it 'returns <lst> if <lst> is the empty list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(shuffle \'())')).to eq '()'
+      expect(@p.parse('(shuffle (list))')).to eq '()'
+      expect(@p.parse('(shuffle null)')).to eq '()'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns <lst> with randomly shuffled elements' do
+      permuts = [1, 2, 3].permutation(3).to_a
+      permuts = permuts.map { |p| build_lst p }
+      expect(permuts).to include(@p.parse('(shuffle (list 1 2 3))'))
+      expect(@p.parse('(shuffle (list 1 1 1))')).to eq '(1 1 1)'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(map proc lst ...+)' do
+    it 'returns <lst> if <lst> is the empty list' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(map + \'())')).to eq '()'
+      expect(@p.parse('(map (lambda ()) null)')).to eq '()'
+    end
+
+    it 'applies <proc> to the elements of the <lst> when <proc> is lambda' do
+      expr1 = '(map (lambda (n)(+ 1 n))\'(1 2 3 4))'
+      expr2 = '(map (lambda (x y)(+ x y))\'(1 2 3 4)\'(10 100 1000 10000))'
+      expr3 = '(map xl \'(1 2 3 4))'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr1)).to eq '(2 3 4 5)'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr2)).to eq '(11 102 1003 10004)'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr3)).to eq '(2 4 6 8)'
+    end
+
+    it 'applies <proc> to the elements of the <lst> when <proc> is function' do
+      expr1 = '(map list \'(1 2 3 4))'
+      expr2 = '(map cons \'(1 2 3 4)\'(1 10 100 1000))'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr1)).to eq '((1) (2) (3) (4))'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr2)).to eq '((1 . 1) (2 . 10) (3 . 100) (4 . 1000))'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(foldl proc init lst ...+)' do
+    it 'applies <proc> to <lst> when <proc> is function' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(foldl cons \'() \'(1 2 3 4))')).to eq '(4 3 2 1)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(foldl + 0 \'(1 2 3 4 5))')).to eq '15'
+    end
+
+    it 'applies <proc> to <lst> when <proc> is lambda expression' do
+      expr1 = '(foldl (lambda (a b r)(* r (- a b))) 1 \'(1 2 3) \'(4 5 6))'
+      expr2 = '(foldl (lambda (a b) (+ a b)) 0 \'(1 2 3 4 5))'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr1)).to eq '-27'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr2)).to eq '15'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(foldr proc init lst ...+)' do
+    it 'applies <proc> to <lst> when <proc> is function' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(foldr cons \'() \'(1 2 3 4))')).to eq '(1 2 3 4)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(foldr + 0 \'(1 2 3 4 5))')).to eq 15
+    end
+
+    it 'applies <proc> to <lst> when <proc> is lambda expression' do
+      expr1 = '(foldr (lambda (a b r)(* r (- a b))) 1 \'(1 2 3) \'(4 5 6))'
+      expr2 = '(foldr (lambda (a b) (+ a b)) 0 \'(1 2 3 4 5))'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr1)).to eq(-27)
+      expect(@p.parse(expr2)).to eq 15
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(filter pred lst)' do
+    it 'returns the empty list if <pred> is false for all elements of <lst>' do
+      expr1 = '(filter (lambda (x) (< x 3)) \'(3 3 3))'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr1)).to eq '()'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns a <lst> with elements for which <pred> is true' do
+      expr1 = '(filter (lambda (x) (< x 3)) \'(1 3 -4 0 5))'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr1)).to eq '(1 -4 0)'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(member v lst)' do
+    it 'returns false if <v> is not found in <lst>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(member 9 (list 1 2 3 4))')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(member 2 (list))')).to eq '#f'
+      expect(@p.parse('(member 2.0 (list 1 2 3 4))')).to eq '#f'
+    end
+
+    it 'returns <lst> with elements after first occurance of <v> in <lst>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(member 2 (list 1 2 3 4))')).to eq '(2 3 4)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(member \'(1) (list 3 (list 1) 2))')).to eq '((1) 2)'
+      expect(@p.parse('(member 1 (list 1 1 1))')).to eq '(1 1 1)'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(lambda params body ...+)' do
+    it 'returns procedure when there are no <params>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(lambda ())')).to be_instance_of(Proc)
+      expect(@p.parse('(lambda () 5)')).to be_instance_of(Proc)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns procedure when there are <params>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(lambda (x))')).to be_an_instance_of(Proc)
+      expect(@p.parse('(lambda (x) x)')).to be_an_instance_of(Proc)
+    end
+
+    it 'calls the procedure by given values for the <params>' do
+      expect(@p.parse('((lambda (x) x) 10)')).to eq '10'
+      expect(@p.parse('((lambda (x y) (* x y)) 10 10)')).to eq 100
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(apply proc v ... lst)' do
+    it 'applies <proc> to <lst> when no <v>s are supplied' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(apply + \'(1 2 3))')).to eq 6
+      expect(@p.parse('(apply + \'())')).to eq 0
+    end
+
+    it 'applies <proc> to <lst> when <v>s are supplied' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(apply + 1 2 \'(3))')).to eq 6
+      expr2 = '(apply map list \'(\'(a b c) \'(1 2 3)))'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr2)).to eq '((a 1) (b 2) (c 3))'
+    end
+
+    it 'applies <proc> to <lst> when <proc> is lambda expression' do
+      expr1 = '(apply (lambda (x) (* x x x)) (list 2))'
+      expr2 = '(apply xl (list 5))'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr1)).to eq 8
+      expect(@p.parse(expr2)).to eq 10
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '(compose proc ...)' do
+    it 'it returns Proc if called with only functions as argument' do
+      @p.parse('(define y (compose xl xl))')
+      expr1 = '(define x (lambda (x y) (compose x y)))'
+      expect(@p.parse('y')).to be_instance_of(Proc)
+      expect(@p.parse('(compose xl xl)')).to be_instance_of(Proc)
+      expect(@p.parse(expr1)).to be_instance_of(Proc)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns value if values are parsed to the proc' do
+      @p.parse('(define y (compose xl xl))')
+      expr1 = '(define x (lambda (x y) (compose x y)))'
+      expect(@p.parse('(y 5)')).to eq 20
+      expect(@p.parse('((compose xl xl) 5)')).to eq 20
+      expect(@p.parse(expr1)).to be_instance_of(Proc)
+      expect(@p.parse('((x xl xl) 5)')).to eq 20
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'define' do
+    it 'can define variable' do
+      expect(@p.parse('(define x 5)')).to eq '5'
+      expect(@p.parse('x')).to eq '5'
+    end
+
+    it 'can define function' do
+      expr1 = '(define (prod x y)(* x y))'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr1)).to be_instance_of(Proc)
+      expect(@p.parse('(prod 2 3)')).to eq 6
+    end
+
+    it 'can define lambda' do
+      expr1 = '(define x (lambda (x) (* 2 x)))'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr1)).to be_instance_of(Proc)
+      expect(@p.parse('(x 5)')).to eq 10
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'scopes' do
+    it 'uses inner scope variables with the same name as in outer scope' do
+      expr1 = '(define (prod x y) ((lambda (x y) (* x y)) x y))'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr1)).to be_instance_of(Proc)
+      expect(@p.parse('(prod 2 3)')).to eq 6
+    end
+
+    it 'defines variables visible only in the scope of deffinition or lower' do
+      expr1 = '(define prodfive (lambda (x)(define yy 5)(* x yy)))'
+      expect(@p.parse(expr1)).to be_instance_of(Proc)
+      expect(@p.parse('(prodfive 6)')).to eq 30
+      expect(@p.parse('yy')).to eq @msg['inv_type']
+    end
+  end
+end