liquid 3.0.6 → 4.0.0.rc1

data/test/integration/tags/statements_test.rb

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ class StatementsTest < Minitest::Test
     text = ' {% if null <= 0 %} true {% else %} false {% endif %} '
     assert_template_result '  false  ', text
 
-
     text = ' {% if 0 <= null %} true {% else %} false {% endif %} '
     assert_template_result '  false  ', text
   end
@@ -72,18 +71,17 @@ class StatementsTest < Minitest::Test
     assert_template_result '  true  ', text, 'var' => 'hello there!'
   end
 
-
   def test_var_and_long_string_are_equal_backwards
     text = " {% if 'hello there!' == var %} true {% else %} false {% endif %} "
     assert_template_result '  true  ', text, 'var' => 'hello there!'
   end
 
-  #def test_is_nil
+  # def test_is_nil
   #  text = %| {% if var != nil %} true {% else %} false {% end %} |
   #  @template.assigns = { 'var' => 'hello there!'}
   #  expected = %|  true  |
   #  assert_equal expected, @template.parse(text)
-  #end
+  # end
 
   def test_is_collection_empty
     text = ' {% if array == empty %} true {% else %} false {% endif %} '
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ class StatementsTest < Minitest::Test
 
   def test_is_not_collection_empty
     text = ' {% if array == empty %} true {% else %} false {% endif %} '
-    assert_template_result '  false  ', text, 'array' => [1,2,3]
+    assert_template_result '  false  ', text, 'array' => [1, 2, 3]
   end
 
   def test_nil

data/test/integration/tags/table_row_test.rb

@@ -16,48 +16,49 @@ class TableRowTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def test_table_row
-
     assert_template_result("<tr class=\"row1\">\n<td class=\"col1\"> 1 </td><td class=\"col2\"> 2 </td><td class=\"col3\"> 3 </td></tr>\n<tr class=\"row2\"><td class=\"col1\"> 4 </td><td class=\"col2\"> 5 </td><td class=\"col3\"> 6 </td></tr>\n",
-                           '{% tablerow n in numbers cols:3%} {{n}} {% endtablerow %}',
-                           'numbers' => [1,2,3,4,5,6])
+      '{% tablerow n in numbers cols:3%} {{n}} {% endtablerow %}',
+      'numbers' => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
 
     assert_template_result("<tr class=\"row1\">\n</tr>\n",
-                           '{% tablerow n in numbers cols:3%} {{n}} {% endtablerow %}',
-                           'numbers' => [])
+      '{% tablerow n in numbers cols:3%} {{n}} {% endtablerow %}',
+      'numbers' => [])
   end
 
   def test_table_row_with_different_cols
     assert_template_result("<tr class=\"row1\">\n<td class=\"col1\"> 1 </td><td class=\"col2\"> 2 </td><td class=\"col3\"> 3 </td><td class=\"col4\"> 4 </td><td class=\"col5\"> 5 </td></tr>\n<tr class=\"row2\"><td class=\"col1\"> 6 </td></tr>\n",
-                           '{% tablerow n in numbers cols:5%} {{n}} {% endtablerow %}',
-                           'numbers' => [1,2,3,4,5,6])
-
+      '{% tablerow n in numbers cols:5%} {{n}} {% endtablerow %}',
+      'numbers' => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
   end
 
   def test_table_col_counter
     assert_template_result("<tr class=\"row1\">\n<td class=\"col1\">1</td><td class=\"col2\">2</td></tr>\n<tr class=\"row2\"><td class=\"col1\">1</td><td class=\"col2\">2</td></tr>\n<tr class=\"row3\"><td class=\"col1\">1</td><td class=\"col2\">2</td></tr>\n",
-                           '{% tablerow n in numbers cols:2%}{{tablerowloop.col}}{% endtablerow %}',
-                           'numbers' => [1,2,3,4,5,6])
+      '{% tablerow n in numbers cols:2%}{{tablerowloop.col}}{% endtablerow %}',
+      'numbers' => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
   end
 
   def test_quoted_fragment
     assert_template_result("<tr class=\"row1\">\n<td class=\"col1\"> 1 </td><td class=\"col2\"> 2 </td><td class=\"col3\"> 3 </td></tr>\n<tr class=\"row2\"><td class=\"col1\"> 4 </td><td class=\"col2\"> 5 </td><td class=\"col3\"> 6 </td></tr>\n",
-                           "{% tablerow n in collections.frontpage cols:3%} {{n}} {% endtablerow %}",
-                           'collections' => {'frontpage' => [1,2,3,4,5,6]})
+      "{% tablerow n in collections.frontpage cols:3%} {{n}} {% endtablerow %}",
+      'collections' => { 'frontpage' => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] })
     assert_template_result("<tr class=\"row1\">\n<td class=\"col1\"> 1 </td><td class=\"col2\"> 2 </td><td class=\"col3\"> 3 </td></tr>\n<tr class=\"row2\"><td class=\"col1\"> 4 </td><td class=\"col2\"> 5 </td><td class=\"col3\"> 6 </td></tr>\n",
-                           "{% tablerow n in collections['frontpage'] cols:3%} {{n}} {% endtablerow %}",
-                           'collections' => {'frontpage' => [1,2,3,4,5,6]})
-
+      "{% tablerow n in collections['frontpage'] cols:3%} {{n}} {% endtablerow %}",
+      'collections' => { 'frontpage' => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] })
   end
 
   def test_enumerable_drop
     assert_template_result("<tr class=\"row1\">\n<td class=\"col1\"> 1 </td><td class=\"col2\"> 2 </td><td class=\"col3\"> 3 </td></tr>\n<tr class=\"row2\"><td class=\"col1\"> 4 </td><td class=\"col2\"> 5 </td><td class=\"col3\"> 6 </td></tr>\n",
-                           '{% tablerow n in numbers cols:3%} {{n}} {% endtablerow %}',
-                           'numbers' => ArrayDrop.new([1,2,3,4,5,6]))
+      '{% tablerow n in numbers cols:3%} {{n}} {% endtablerow %}',
+      'numbers' => ArrayDrop.new([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]))
   end
 
   def test_offset_and_limit
     assert_template_result("<tr class=\"row1\">\n<td class=\"col1\"> 1 </td><td class=\"col2\"> 2 </td><td class=\"col3\"> 3 </td></tr>\n<tr class=\"row2\"><td class=\"col1\"> 4 </td><td class=\"col2\"> 5 </td><td class=\"col3\"> 6 </td></tr>\n",
-                           '{% tablerow n in numbers cols:3 offset:1 limit:6%} {{n}} {% endtablerow %}',
-                           'numbers' => [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7])
+      '{% tablerow n in numbers cols:3 offset:1 limit:6%} {{n}} {% endtablerow %}',
+      'numbers' => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
+  end
+
+  def test_blank_string_not_iterable
+    assert_template_result("<tr class=\"row1\">\n</tr>\n", "{% tablerow char in characters cols:3 %}I WILL NOT BE OUTPUT{% endtablerow %}", 'characters' => '')
   end
 end

data/test/integration/tags/unless_else_tag_test.rb

@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@ class UnlessElseTagTest < Minitest::Test
   include Liquid
 
   def test_unless
-    assert_template_result('  ',' {% unless true %} this text should not go into the output {% endunless %} ')
+    assert_template_result('  ', ' {% unless true %} this text should not go into the output {% endunless %} ')
     assert_template_result('  this text should go into the output  ',
-                           ' {% unless false %} this text should go into the output {% endunless %} ')
-    assert_template_result('  you rock ?','{% unless true %} you suck {% endunless %} {% unless false %} you rock {% endunless %}?')
+      ' {% unless false %} this text should go into the output {% endunless %} ')
+    assert_template_result('  you rock ?', '{% unless true %} you suck {% endunless %} {% unless false %} you rock {% endunless %}?')
   end
 
   def test_unless_else
-    assert_template_result(' YES ','{% unless true %} NO {% else %} YES {% endunless %}')
-    assert_template_result(' YES ','{% unless false %} YES {% else %} NO {% endunless %}')
-    assert_template_result(' YES ','{% unless "foo" %} NO {% else %} YES {% endunless %}')
+    assert_template_result(' YES ', '{% unless true %} NO {% else %} YES {% endunless %}')
+    assert_template_result(' YES ', '{% unless false %} YES {% else %} NO {% endunless %}')
+    assert_template_result(' YES ', '{% unless "foo" %} NO {% else %} YES {% endunless %}')
   end
 
   def test_unless_in_loop

data/test/integration/template_test.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 require 'test_helper'
+require 'timeout'
 
 class TemplateContextDrop < Liquid::Drop
-  def before_method(method)
+  def liquid_method_missing(method)
     method
   end
 
@@ -14,12 +15,10 @@ class TemplateContextDrop < Liquid::Drop
   end
 end
 
-class SomethingWithLength
+class SomethingWithLength < Liquid::Drop
   def length
     nil
   end
-
-  liquid_methods :length
 end
 
 class ErroneousDrop < Liquid::Drop
@@ -37,6 +36,16 @@ class TemplateTest < Minitest::Test
     assert_equal 'from instance assigns', t.parse("{{ foo }}").render!
   end
 
+  def test_warnings_is_not_exponential_time
+    str = "false"
+    100.times do
+      str = "{% if true %}true{% else %}#{str}{% endif %}"
+    end
+
+    t = Template.parse(str)
+    assert_equal [], Timeout.timeout(1) { t.warnings }
+  end
+
   def test_instance_assigns_persist_on_same_template_parsing_between_renders
     t = Template.new.parse("{{ foo }}{% assign foo = 'foo' %}{{ foo }}")
     assert_equal 'foo', t.render!
@@ -64,7 +73,7 @@ class TemplateTest < Minitest::Test
 
   def test_lambda_is_called_once_from_persistent_assigns_over_multiple_parses_and_renders
     t = Template.new
-    t.assigns['number'] = lambda { @global ||= 0; @global += 1 }
+    t.assigns['number'] = -> { @global ||= 0; @global += 1 }
     assert_equal '1', t.parse("{{number}}").render!
     assert_equal '1', t.parse("{{number}}").render!
     assert_equal '1', t.render!
@@ -73,7 +82,7 @@ class TemplateTest < Minitest::Test
 
   def test_lambda_is_called_once_from_custom_assigns_over_multiple_parses_and_renders
     t = Template.new
-    assigns = {'number' => lambda { @global ||= 0; @global += 1 }}
+    assigns = { 'number' => -> { @global ||= 0; @global += 1 } }
     assert_equal '1', t.parse("{{number}}").render!(assigns)
     assert_equal '1', t.parse("{{number}}").render!(assigns)
     assert_equal '1', t.render!(assigns)
@@ -82,69 +91,92 @@ class TemplateTest < Minitest::Test
 
   def test_resource_limits_works_with_custom_length_method
     t = Template.parse("{% assign foo = bar %}")
-    t.resource_limits = { :render_length_limit => 42 }
+    t.resource_limits.render_length_limit = 42
     assert_equal "", t.render!("bar" => SomethingWithLength.new)
   end
 
   def test_resource_limits_render_length
     t = Template.parse("0123456789")
-    t.resource_limits = { :render_length_limit => 5 }
-    assert_equal "Liquid error: Memory limits exceeded", t.render()
-    assert t.resource_limits[:reached]
-    t.resource_limits = { :render_length_limit => 10 }
-    assert_equal "0123456789", t.render!()
-    refute_nil t.resource_limits[:render_length_current]
+    t.resource_limits.render_length_limit = 5
+    assert_equal "Liquid error: Memory limits exceeded", t.render
+    assert t.resource_limits.reached?
+
+    t.resource_limits.render_length_limit = 10
+    assert_equal "0123456789", t.render!
+    refute_nil t.resource_limits.render_length
   end
 
   def test_resource_limits_render_score
     t = Template.parse("{% for a in (1..10) %} {% for a in (1..10) %} foo {% endfor %} {% endfor %}")
-    t.resource_limits = { :render_score_limit => 50 }
-    assert_equal "Liquid error: Memory limits exceeded", t.render()
-    assert t.resource_limits[:reached]
+    t.resource_limits.render_score_limit = 50
+    assert_equal "Liquid error: Memory limits exceeded", t.render
+    assert t.resource_limits.reached?
+
     t = Template.parse("{% for a in (1..100) %} foo {% endfor %}")
-    t.resource_limits = { :render_score_limit => 50 }
-    assert_equal "Liquid error: Memory limits exceeded", t.render()
-    assert t.resource_limits[:reached]
-    t.resource_limits = { :render_score_limit => 200 }
-    assert_equal (" foo " * 100), t.render!()
-    refute_nil t.resource_limits[:render_score_current]
+    t.resource_limits.render_score_limit = 50
+    assert_equal "Liquid error: Memory limits exceeded", t.render
+    assert t.resource_limits.reached?
+
+    t.resource_limits.render_score_limit = 200
+    assert_equal (" foo " * 100), t.render!
+    refute_nil t.resource_limits.render_score
   end
 
   def test_resource_limits_assign_score
     t = Template.parse("{% assign foo = 42 %}{% assign bar = 23 %}")
-    t.resource_limits = { :assign_score_limit => 1 }
-    assert_equal "Liquid error: Memory limits exceeded", t.render()
-    assert t.resource_limits[:reached]
-    t.resource_limits = { :assign_score_limit => 2 }
-    assert_equal "", t.render!()
-    refute_nil t.resource_limits[:assign_score_current]
+    t.resource_limits.assign_score_limit = 1
+    assert_equal "Liquid error: Memory limits exceeded", t.render
+    assert t.resource_limits.reached?
+
+    t.resource_limits.assign_score_limit = 2
+    assert_equal "", t.render!
+    refute_nil t.resource_limits.assign_score
   end
 
   def test_resource_limits_aborts_rendering_after_first_error
     t = Template.parse("{% for a in (1..100) %} foo1 {% endfor %} bar {% for a in (1..100) %} foo2 {% endfor %}")
-    t.resource_limits = { :render_score_limit => 50 }
-    assert_equal "Liquid error: Memory limits exceeded", t.render()
-    assert t.resource_limits[:reached]
+    t.resource_limits.render_score_limit = 50
+    assert_equal "Liquid error: Memory limits exceeded", t.render
+    assert t.resource_limits.reached?
   end
 
   def test_resource_limits_hash_in_template_gets_updated_even_if_no_limits_are_set
     t = Template.parse("{% for a in (1..100) %} {% assign foo = 1 %} {% endfor %}")
-    t.render!()
-    assert t.resource_limits[:assign_score_current] > 0
-    assert t.resource_limits[:render_score_current] > 0
-    assert t.resource_limits[:render_length_current] > 0
+    t.render!
+    assert t.resource_limits.assign_score > 0
+    assert t.resource_limits.render_score > 0
+    assert t.resource_limits.render_length > 0
+  end
+
+  def test_render_length_persists_between_blocks
+    t = Template.parse("{% if true %}aaaa{% endif %}")
+    t.resource_limits.render_length_limit = 7
+    assert_equal "Liquid error: Memory limits exceeded", t.render
+    t.resource_limits.render_length_limit = 8
+    assert_equal "aaaa", t.render
+
+    t = Template.parse("{% if true %}aaaa{% endif %}{% if true %}bbb{% endif %}")
+    t.resource_limits.render_length_limit = 13
+    assert_equal "Liquid error: Memory limits exceeded", t.render
+    t.resource_limits.render_length_limit = 14
+    assert_equal "aaaabbb", t.render
+
+    t = Template.parse("{% if true %}a{% endif %}{% if true %}b{% endif %}{% if true %}a{% endif %}{% if true %}b{% endif %}{% if true %}a{% endif %}{% if true %}b{% endif %}")
+    t.resource_limits.render_length_limit = 5
+    assert_equal "Liquid error: Memory limits exceeded", t.render
+    t.resource_limits.render_length_limit = 11
+    assert_equal "Liquid error: Memory limits exceeded", t.render
+    t.resource_limits.render_length_limit = 12
+    assert_equal "ababab", t.render
   end
 
   def test_default_resource_limits_unaffected_by_render_with_context
     context = Context.new
     t = Template.parse("{% for a in (1..100) %} {% assign foo = 1 %} {% endfor %}")
     t.render!(context)
-    assert context.resource_limits[:assign_score_current] > 0
-    assert context.resource_limits[:render_score_current] > 0
-    assert context.resource_limits[:render_length_current] > 0
-    refute Template.default_resource_limits.key?(:assign_score_current)
-    refute Template.default_resource_limits.key?(:render_score_current)
-    refute Template.default_resource_limits.key?(:render_length_current)
+    assert context.resource_limits.assign_score > 0
+    assert context.resource_limits.render_score > 0
+    assert context.resource_limits.render_length > 0
   end
 
   def test_can_use_drop_as_context
@@ -157,7 +189,7 @@ class TemplateTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def test_render_bang_force_rethrow_errors_on_passed_context
-    context = Context.new({'drop' => ErroneousDrop.new})
+    context = Context.new({ 'drop' => ErroneousDrop.new })
     t = Template.new.parse('{{ drop.bad_method }}')
 
     e = assert_raises RuntimeError do
@@ -169,14 +201,28 @@ class TemplateTest < Minitest::Test
   def test_exception_handler_doesnt_reraise_if_it_returns_false
     exception = nil
     Template.parse("{{ 1 | divided_by: 0 }}").render({}, exception_handler: ->(e) { exception = e; false })
-    assert exception.is_a?(ZeroDivisionError)
+    assert exception.is_a?(Liquid::ZeroDivisionError)
   end
 
   def test_exception_handler_does_reraise_if_it_returns_true
     exception = nil
-    assert_raises(ZeroDivisionError) do
+    assert_raises(Liquid::ZeroDivisionError) do
       Template.parse("{{ 1 | divided_by: 0 }}").render({}, exception_handler: ->(e) { exception = e; true })
     end
-    assert exception.is_a?(ZeroDivisionError)
+    assert exception.is_a?(Liquid::ZeroDivisionError)
+  end
+
+  def test_global_filter_option_on_render
+    global_filter_proc = ->(output) { "#{output} filtered" }
+    rendered_template = Template.parse("{{name}}").render({ "name" => "bob" }, global_filter: global_filter_proc)
+
+    assert_equal 'bob filtered', rendered_template
+  end
+
+  def test_global_filter_option_when_native_filters_exist
+    global_filter_proc = ->(output) { "#{output} filtered" }
+    rendered_template = Template.parse("{{name | upcase}}").render({ "name" => "bob" }, global_filter: global_filter_proc)
+
+    assert_equal 'BOB filtered', rendered_template
   end
 end

data/test/integration/variable_test.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ class VariableTest < Minitest::Test
   include Liquid
 
   def test_simple_variable
-    template = Template.parse(%|{{test}}|)
+    template = Template.parse(%({{test}}))
     assert_equal 'worked', template.render!('test' => 'worked')
     assert_equal 'worked wonderfully', template.render!('test' => 'worked wonderfully')
   end
@@ -14,19 +14,29 @@ class VariableTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def test_simple_with_whitespaces
-    template = Template.parse(%|  {{ test }}  |)
+    template = Template.parse(%(  {{ test }}  ))
     assert_equal '  worked  ', template.render!('test' => 'worked')
     assert_equal '  worked wonderfully  ', template.render!('test' => 'worked wonderfully')
   end
 
   def test_ignore_unknown
-    template = Template.parse(%|{{ test }}|)
+    template = Template.parse(%({{ test }}))
+    assert_equal '', template.render!
+  end
+
+  def test_using_blank_as_variable_name
+    template = Template.parse("{% assign foo = blank %}{{ foo }}")
+    assert_equal '', template.render!
+  end
+
+  def test_using_empty_as_variable_name
+    template = Template.parse("{% assign foo = empty %}{{ foo }}")
     assert_equal '', template.render!
   end
 
   def test_hash_scoping
-    template = Template.parse(%|{{ test.test }}|)
-    assert_equal 'worked', template.render!('test' => {'test' => 'worked'})
+    template = Template.parse(%({{ test.test }}))
+    assert_equal 'worked', template.render!('test' => { 'test' => 'worked' })
   end
 
   def test_false_renders_as_false
@@ -40,23 +50,23 @@ class VariableTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def test_preset_assigns
-    template = Template.parse(%|{{ test }}|)
+    template = Template.parse(%({{ test }}))
     template.assigns['test'] = 'worked'
     assert_equal 'worked', template.render!
   end
 
   def test_reuse_parsed_template
-    template = Template.parse(%|{{ greeting }} {{ name }}|)
+    template = Template.parse(%({{ greeting }} {{ name }}))
     template.assigns['greeting'] = 'Goodbye'
     assert_equal 'Hello Tobi', template.render!('greeting' => 'Hello', 'name' => 'Tobi')
     assert_equal 'Hello ', template.render!('greeting' => 'Hello', 'unknown' => 'Tobi')
     assert_equal 'Hello Brian', template.render!('greeting' => 'Hello', 'name' => 'Brian')
     assert_equal 'Goodbye Brian', template.render!('name' => 'Brian')
-    assert_equal({'greeting'=>'Goodbye'}, template.assigns)
+    assert_equal({ 'greeting' => 'Goodbye' }, template.assigns)
   end
 
   def test_assigns_not_polluted_from_template
-    template = Template.parse(%|{{ test }}{% assign test = 'bar' %}{{ test }}|)
+    template = Template.parse(%({{ test }}{% assign test = 'bar' %}{{ test }}))
     template.assigns['test'] = 'baz'
     assert_equal 'bazbar', template.render!
     assert_equal 'bazbar', template.render!
@@ -65,14 +75,14 @@ class VariableTest < Minitest::Test
   end
 
   def test_hash_with_default_proc
-    template = Template.parse(%|Hello {{ test }}|)
-    assigns = Hash.new { |h,k| raise "Unknown variable '#{k}'" }
+    template = Template.parse(%(Hello {{ test }}))
+    assigns = Hash.new { |h, k| raise "Unknown variable '#{k}'" }
     assigns['test'] = 'Tobi'
     assert_equal 'Hello Tobi', template.render!(assigns)
     assigns.delete('test')
-    e = assert_raises(RuntimeError) {
+    e = assert_raises(RuntimeError) do
       template.render!(assigns)
-    }
+    end
     assert_equal "Unknown variable 'test'", e.message
   end
 

data/test/test_helper.rb

@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ ENV["MT_NO_EXPECTATIONS"] = "1"
 require 'minitest/autorun'
 require 'spy/integration'
 
-$:.unshift(File.join(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)), '..', 'lib'))
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.join(File.expand_path(__dir__), '..', 'lib'))
 require 'liquid.rb'
+require 'liquid/profiler'
 
 mode = :strict
 if env_mode = ENV['LIQUID_PARSER_MODE']
@@ -14,6 +15,11 @@ if env_mode = ENV['LIQUID_PARSER_MODE']
 end
 Liquid::Template.error_mode = mode
 
+if ENV['LIQUID-C'] == '1'
+  puts "-- LIQUID C"
+  require 'liquid/c'
+end
+
 if Minitest.const_defined?('Test')
   # We're on Minitest 5+. Nothing to do here.
 else
@@ -24,7 +30,7 @@ end
 module Minitest
   class Test
     def fixture(name)
-      File.join(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)), "fixtures", name)
+      File.join(File.expand_path(__dir__), "fixtures", name)
     end
   end
 
@@ -41,10 +47,10 @@ module Minitest
       assert_match expected, Template.parse(template).render!(assigns), message
     end
 
-    def assert_match_syntax_error(match, template, registers = {})
-      exception = assert_raises(Liquid::SyntaxError) {
+    def assert_match_syntax_error(match, template, assigns = {})
+      exception = assert_raises(Liquid::SyntaxError) do
         Template.parse(template).render(assigns)
-      }
+      end
       assert_match match, exception.message
     end
 
@@ -87,3 +93,25 @@ class ThingWithToLiquid
     'foobar'
   end
 end
+
+class ErrorDrop < Liquid::Drop
+  def standard_error
+    raise Liquid::StandardError, 'standard error'
+  end
+
+  def argument_error
+    raise Liquid::ArgumentError, 'argument error'
+  end
+
+  def syntax_error
+    raise Liquid::SyntaxError, 'syntax error'
+  end
+
+  def runtime_error
+    raise 'runtime error'
+  end
+
+  def exception
+    raise Exception, 'exception'
+  end
+end