libxml-ruby 5.0.5 → 6.0.0

data/ext/libxml/ruby_xml_writer.c

@@ -1,1124 +1,1136 @@
-#include "ruby_libxml.h"
-#include "ruby_xml_writer.h"
-
-#ifdef LIBXML_WRITER_ENABLED
-#include <libxml/xmlwriter.h>
-#endif
-
-VALUE cXMLWriter;
-static VALUE sEncoding, sStandalone;
-
-#ifdef LIBXML_WRITER_ENABLED
-
-/*
- * Document-class: LibXML::XML::Writer
- *
- * The XML::Writer class provides a simpler, alternative way to build a valid
- * XML document from scratch (forward-only) compared to a DOM approach (based
- * on XML::Document class).
- *
- * For a more in depth tutorial, albeit in C, see http://xmlsoft.org/xmlwriter.html
- */
-
-#include <libxml/xmlwriter.h>
-
-
-typedef enum
-{
-    RXMLW_OUTPUT_NONE,
-    RXMLW_OUTPUT_IO,
-    RXMLW_OUTPUT_DOC,
-    RXMLW_OUTPUT_STRING
-} rxmlw_output_type;
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    VALUE output;
-    rb_encoding* encoding;
-    xmlBufferPtr buffer;
-    xmlTextWriterPtr writer;
-    rxmlw_output_type output_type;
-    int closed;
-} rxml_writer_object;
-
-static void rxml_writer_free(rxml_writer_object* rwo)
-{
-#if 0 /* seems to be done by xmlFreeTextWriter */
-    if (NULL != rwo->buffer)
-    {
-        xmlBufferFree(rwo->buffer);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    rwo->closed = 1;
-    xmlFreeTextWriter(rwo->writer);
-    xfree(rwo);
-}
-
-static void rxml_writer_mark(rxml_writer_object* rwo)
-{
-    if (!NIL_P(rwo->output))
-    {
-        rb_gc_mark(rwo->output);
-    }
-}
-
-static VALUE rxml_writer_wrap(rxml_writer_object* rwo)
-{
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(cXMLWriter, rxml_writer_mark, rxml_writer_free, rwo);
-}
-
-static rxml_writer_object* rxml_textwriter_get(VALUE obj)
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, rxml_writer_object, rwo);
-
-    return rwo;
-}
-
-int rxml_writer_write_callback(void* context, const char* buffer, int len)
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = context;
-
-    if (rwo->closed)
-    {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return rxml_write_callback(rwo->output, buffer, len);
-    }
-}
-
-/* ===== public class methods ===== */
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    XML::Writer::io(io) -> XML::Writer
- *
- * Creates a XML::Writer which will write XML directly into an IO object.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_io(VALUE klass, VALUE io)
-{
-    xmlOutputBufferPtr out;
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
-
-    rwo = ALLOC(rxml_writer_object);
-    rwo->output = io;
-    rwo->buffer = NULL;
-    rwo->closed = 0;
-    rwo->encoding = rb_enc_get(io);
-    if (!rwo->encoding)
-        rwo->encoding = rb_utf8_encoding();
-
-    rwo->output_type = RXMLW_OUTPUT_IO;
-
-    xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr encodingHdlr = xmlFindCharEncodingHandler(rwo->encoding->name);
-    if (NULL == (out = xmlOutputBufferCreateIO(rxml_writer_write_callback, NULL, (void*)rwo, encodingHdlr)))
-    {
-        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
-    }
-    if (NULL == (rwo->writer = xmlNewTextWriter(out)))
-    {
-        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
-    }
-
-    return rxml_writer_wrap(rwo);
-}
-
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    XML::Writer::file(path) -> XML::Writer
- *
- * Creates a XML::Writer object which will write XML into the file with
- * the given name.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_file(VALUE klass, VALUE filename)
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
-
-    rwo = ALLOC(rxml_writer_object);
-    rwo->output = Qnil;
-    rwo->buffer = NULL;
-    rwo->closed = 0;
-    rwo->encoding = rb_utf8_encoding();
-    rwo->output_type = RXMLW_OUTPUT_NONE;
-    if (NULL == (rwo->writer = xmlNewTextWriterFilename(StringValueCStr(filename), 0)))
-    {
-        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
-    }
-
-    return rxml_writer_wrap(rwo);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    XML::Writer::string -> XML::Writer
- *
- * Creates a XML::Writer which will write XML into memory, as string.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_string(VALUE klass)
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
-
-    rwo = ALLOC(rxml_writer_object);
-    rwo->output = Qnil;
-    rwo->closed = 0;
-    rwo->encoding = rb_utf8_encoding();
-    rwo->output_type = RXMLW_OUTPUT_STRING;
-    if (NULL == (rwo->buffer = xmlBufferCreate()))
-    {
-        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
-    }
-    if (NULL == (rwo->writer = xmlNewTextWriterMemory(rwo->buffer, 0)))
-    {
-        xmlBufferFree(rwo->buffer);
-        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
-    }
-
-    return rxml_writer_wrap(rwo);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    XML::Writer::document -> XML::Writer
- *
- * Creates a XML::Writer which will write into an in memory XML::Document
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_doc(VALUE klass)
-{
-    xmlDocPtr doc;
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
-
-    rwo = ALLOC(rxml_writer_object);
-    rwo->buffer = NULL;
-    rwo->output = Qnil;
-    rwo->closed = 0;
-    rwo->encoding = rb_utf8_encoding();
-    rwo->output_type = RXMLW_OUTPUT_DOC;
-    if (NULL == (rwo->writer = xmlNewTextWriterDoc(&doc, 0)))
-    {
-        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
-    }
-    rwo->output = rxml_document_wrap(doc);
-
-    return rxml_writer_wrap(rwo);
-}
-
-/* ===== public instance methods ===== */
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.flush(empty? = true) -> (num|string)
- *
- * Flushes the output buffer. Returns the number of written bytes or
- * the current content of the internal buffer for a in memory XML::Writer.
- * If +empty?+ is +true+, and for a in memory XML::Writer, this internel
- * buffer is empty.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_flush(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    int ret;
-    VALUE empty;
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &empty);
-
-    rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    if (-1 == (ret = xmlTextWriterFlush(rwo->writer)))
-    {
-        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
-    }
-
-    if (NULL != rwo->buffer)
-    {
-        VALUE content;
-
-        content = rb_external_str_new_with_enc((const char*)rwo->buffer->content, rwo->buffer->use, rwo->encoding);
-        if (NIL_P(empty) || RTEST(empty))
-        { /* nil = default value = true */
-            xmlBufferEmpty(rwo->buffer);
-        }
-
-        return content;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return INT2NUM(ret);
-    }
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.result -> (XML::Document|"string"|nil)
- *
- * Returns the associated result object to the XML::Writer creation.
- * A String for a XML::Writer object created with XML::Writer::string,
- * a XML::Document with XML::Writer::document, etc.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_result(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE ret = Qnil;
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    int bytesWritten = xmlTextWriterFlush(rwo->writer);
-
-    if (bytesWritten == -1)
-    {
-        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
-    }
-
-    switch (rwo->output_type)
-    {
-    case RXMLW_OUTPUT_DOC:
-        ret = rwo->output;
-        break;
-    case RXMLW_OUTPUT_STRING:
-        ret = rb_external_str_new_with_enc((const char*)rwo->buffer->content, rwo->buffer->use, rwo->encoding);
-        break;
-    case RXMLW_OUTPUT_IO:
-    case RXMLW_OUTPUT_NONE:
-        break;
-    default:
-        rb_bug("unexpected output");
-        break;
-    }
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-/* ===== private helpers ===== */
-static void encodeStrings(rb_encoding* encoding, int count, VALUE* strings, const xmlChar** encoded_strings)
-{
-    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
-    {
-        VALUE string = strings[i];
-
-        if (NIL_P(string))
-        {
-            encoded_strings[i] = NULL;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            VALUE encoded = rb_str_conv_enc(strings[i], rb_enc_get(string), encoding);
-            encoded_strings[i] = BAD_CAST StringValueCStr(encoded);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static VALUE invoke_void_arg_function(VALUE self, int (*fn)(xmlTextWriterPtr))
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    int result = fn(rwo->writer);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-static VALUE invoke_single_arg_function(VALUE self, int (*fn)(xmlTextWriterPtr, const xmlChar *), VALUE value)
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] = { value };
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] = { NULL };
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-
-    int result = fn(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-
-/* ===== public instance methods ===== */
-
-#if LIBXML_VERSION >= 20605
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.set_indent(indentation) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Toggles indentation on or off. Returns +false+ on failure.
- *
- * Availability: libxml2 >= 2.6.5
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_set_indent(VALUE self, VALUE indentation)
-{
-    int ret;
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
-
-    rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    ret = xmlTextWriterSetIndent(rwo->writer, RTEST(indentation));
-
-    return (-1 == ret ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.set_indent_string(string) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Sets the string to use to indent each element of the document.
- * Don't forget to enable indentation with set_indent. Returns
- * +false+ on failure.
- *
- * Availability: libxml2 >= 2.6.5
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_set_indent_string(VALUE self, VALUE indentation)
-{
-    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterSetIndentString, indentation);
-}
-#endif /* LIBXML_VERSION >= 20605 */
-
-/* ===== public full tag interface ===== */
-
-/* write_<X> = start_<X> + write_string + end_<X> */
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_comment(content) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes a full comment tag, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
- * This is equivalent to start_comment + write_string(content) + end_comment.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_comment(VALUE self, VALUE content)
-{
-    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterWriteComment, content);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_cdata(content) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes a full CDATA section, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
- * This is equivalent to start_cdata + write_string(content) + end_cdata.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_cdata(VALUE self, VALUE content)
-{
-    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterWriteCDATA, content);
-}
-
-static VALUE rxml_writer_start_element(VALUE, VALUE);
-static VALUE rxml_writer_start_element_ns(int, VALUE*, VALUE);
-static VALUE rxml_writer_end_element(VALUE);
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_element(name, content) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes a full element tag, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
- * This is equivalent to start_element(name) + write_string(content) +
- * end_element.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_element(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE name, content;
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &name, &content);
-    if (Qnil == content)
-    {
-        if (Qfalse == rxml_writer_start_element(self, name))
-        {
-            return Qfalse;
-        }
-        return rxml_writer_end_element(self);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-        VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, content};
-        const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL};
-        encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-
-        int result = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1]);
-        return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-    }
-}
-
-#define ARRAY_SIZE(array) \
-    (sizeof(array) / sizeof((array)[0]))
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_element_ns(prefix, name, namespaceURI, content) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes a full namespaced element tag, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
- * This is a shortcut for start_element_ns(prefix, name, namespaceURI) +
- * write_string(content) + end_element.
- *
- * Notes:
- * - by default, the xmlns: definition is repeated on every element. If you want
- * the prefix, but don't want the xmlns: declaration repeated, set +namespaceURI+
- * to nil or omit it. Don't forget to declare the namespace prefix somewhere
- * earlier.
- * - +content+ can be omitted for an empty tag
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_element_ns(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE prefix, name, namespaceURI, content;
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "22", &prefix, &name, &namespaceURI, &content);
-    if (Qnil == content)
-    {
-        VALUE argv[3] = { prefix, name, namespaceURI };
-
-        if (Qfalse == rxml_writer_start_element_ns(ARRAY_SIZE(argv), argv, self))
-        {
-            return Qfalse;
-        }
-        return rxml_writer_end_element(self);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-        VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {prefix, name, namespaceURI, content};
-        const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL};
-        encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-        int result = xmlTextWriterWriteElementNS(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2], xmlStrings[3]);
-        return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-    }
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_attribute(name, content) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes a full attribute, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
- * Same as start_attribute(name) + write_string(content) + end_attribute.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_attribute(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE content)
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, content};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_attribute_ns(prefix, name, namespaceURI, content) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes a full namespaced attribute, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
- * Same as start_attribute_ns(prefix, name, namespaceURI) +
- * write_string(content) + end_attribute.
- *
- * Notes:
- * - by default, the xmlns: definition is repeated on every element. If you want
- * the prefix, but don't want the xmlns: declaration repeated, set +namespaceURI+
- * to nil or omit it. Don't forget to declare the namespace prefix somewhere
- * earlier.
- * - +content+ can be omitted too for an empty attribute
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_attribute_ns(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE prefix, name, namespaceURI, content;
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "22", &prefix, &name, &namespaceURI, &content);
-
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {prefix, name, namespaceURI, content};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteAttributeNS(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2], xmlStrings[3]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_pi(target, content) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes a full CDATA tag, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
- * This is a shortcut for start_pi(target) + write_string(content) + end_pi.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_pi(VALUE self, VALUE target, VALUE content)
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {target, content};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterWritePI(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* ===== public start/end interface ===== */
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_string(content) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Safely (problematic characters are internally translated to their
- * associated named entities) writes a string into the current node
- * (attribute, element, comment, ...). Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_string(VALUE self, VALUE content)
-{
-    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterWriteString, content);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_raw(content) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes the string +content+ as is, reserved characters are not
- * translated to their associated entities. Returns +false+ on failure.
- * Consider write_string to handle them.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_raw(VALUE self, VALUE content)
-{
-    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterWriteRaw, content);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.start_attribute(name) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Starts an attribute. Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_start_attribute(VALUE self, VALUE name)
-{
-    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterStartAttribute, name);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.start_attribute_ns(prefix, name, namespaceURI) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Starts a namespaced attribute. Returns +false+ on failure.
- *
- * Note: by default, the xmlns: definition is repeated on every element. If
- * you want the prefix, but don't want the xmlns: declaration repeated, set
- * +namespaceURI+ to nil or omit it. Don't forget to declare the namespace
- * prefix somewhere earlier.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_start_attribute_ns(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE prefix, name, namespaceURI;
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &prefix, &name, &namespaceURI);
-
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {prefix, name, namespaceURI};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterStartAttributeNS(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.end_attribute -> (true|false)
- *
- * Ends an attribute, namespaced or not. Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_end_attribute(VALUE self)
-{
-    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndAttribute);
-}
-
-#if LIBXML_VERSION >= 20607
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.start_comment -> (true|false)
- *
- * Starts a comment. Returns +false+ on failure.
- * Note: libxml2 >= 2.6.7 required
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_start_comment(VALUE self)
-{
-    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterStartComment);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.end_comment -> (true|false)
- *
- * Ends current comment, returns +false+ on failure.
- * Note: libxml2 >= 2.6.7 required
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_end_comment(VALUE self)
-{
-    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndComment);
-}
-#endif /* LIBXML_VERSION >= 20607 */
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.start_element(name) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Starts a new element. Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_start_element(VALUE self, VALUE name)
-{
-    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterStartElement, name);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.start_element_ns(prefix, name, namespaceURI) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Starts a new namespaced element. Returns +false+ on failure.
- *
- * Note: by default, the xmlns: definition is repeated on every element. If
- * you want the prefix, but don't want the xmlns: declaration repeated, set
- * +namespaceURI+ to nil or omit it. Don't forget to declare the namespace
- * prefix somewhere earlier.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_start_element_ns(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE prefix, name, namespaceURI;
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &prefix, &name, &namespaceURI);
-
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {prefix, name, namespaceURI};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterStartElementNS(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.end_element -> (true|false)
- *
- * Ends current element, namespaced or not. Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_end_element(VALUE self)
-{
-    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndElement);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_full_end_element -> (true|false)
- *
- * Ends current element, namespaced or not. Returns +false+ on failure.
- * This method writes an end tag even if the element is empty (<foo></foo>),
- * end_element does not (<foo/>).
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_full_end_element(VALUE self)
-{
-    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterFullEndElement);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.start_cdata -> (true|false)
- *
- * Starts a new CDATA section. Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_start_cdata(VALUE self)
-{
-    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterStartCDATA);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.end_cdata -> (true|false)
- *
- * Ends current CDATA section. Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_end_cdata(VALUE self)
-{
-    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndCDATA);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.start_document -> (true|false)
- *    writer.start_document(:encoding => XML::Encoding::UTF_8,
- *    :standalone => true) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Starts a new document. Returns +false+ on failure.
- *
- * You may provide an optional hash table to control XML header that will be
- * generated. Valid options are:
- * - encoding: the output document encoding, defaults to nil (= UTF-8). Valid
- * values are the encoding constants defined on XML::Encoding
- * - standalone: nil (default) or a boolean to indicate if the document is
- * standalone or not
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_start_document(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    int ret;
-    VALUE options = Qnil;
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
-    const xmlChar* xencoding = NULL;
-    const char* xstandalone = NULL;
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &options);
-    if (!NIL_P(options))
-    {
-        VALUE encoding, standalone;
-
-        encoding = standalone = Qnil;
-        Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
-        encoding = rb_hash_aref(options, sEncoding);
-        xencoding = NIL_P(encoding) ? NULL : (const xmlChar*)xmlGetCharEncodingName(NUM2INT(encoding));
-        standalone = rb_hash_aref(options, sStandalone);
-        if (NIL_P(standalone))
-        {
-            xstandalone = NULL;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            xstandalone = RTEST(standalone) ? "yes" : "no";
-        }
-    }
-    rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    rwo->encoding = rxml_figure_encoding(xencoding);
-    ret = xmlTextWriterStartDocument(rwo->writer, NULL, (const char*)xencoding, xstandalone);
-
-    return (-1 == ret ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.end_document -> (true|false)
- *
- * Ends current document. Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_end_document(VALUE self)
-{
-    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndDocument);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.start_pi(target) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Starts a new processing instruction. Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_start_pi(VALUE self, VALUE target)
-{
-    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterStartPI, target);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.end_pi -> (true|false)
- *
- * Ends current processing instruction. Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_end_pi(VALUE self)
-{
-    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndPI);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.start_dtd(qualifiedName, publicId, systemId) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Starts a DTD. Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_start_dtd(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE name, pubid, sysid;
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &name, &pubid, &sysid);
-
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, pubid, sysid};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterStartDTD(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.start_dtd_element(qualifiedName) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Starts a DTD element (<!ELEMENT ... >). Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_start_dtd_element(VALUE self, VALUE name)
-{
-    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterStartDTDElement, name);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.start_dtd_entity(name, pe = false) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Starts a DTD entity (<!ENTITY ... >). Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_start_dtd_entity(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE name, pe;
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &name, &pe);
-
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterStartDTDEntity(rwo->writer, RB_TEST(pe), xmlStrings[0]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.start_dtd_attlist(name) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Starts a DTD attribute list (<!ATTLIST ... >). Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_start_dtd_attlist(VALUE self, VALUE name)
-{
-    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterStartDTDAttlist, name);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.end_dtd -> (true|false)
- *
- * Ends current DTD, returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_end_dtd(VALUE self)
-{
-    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndDTD);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.end_dtd_entity -> (true|false)
- *
- * Ends current DTD entity, returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_end_dtd_entity(VALUE self)
-{
-    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndDTDEntity);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.end_dtd_attlist -> (true|false)
- *
- * Ends current DTD attribute list, returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_end_dtd_attlist(VALUE self)
-{
-    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndDTDAttlist);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.end_dtd_element -> (true|false)
- *
- * Ends current DTD element, returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_end_dtd_element(VALUE self)
-{
-    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndDTDElement);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_dtd(name [ [ [, publicId ], systemId ], subset ]) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes a DTD, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
- * - name: dtd name
- * - publicId: external subset public identifier, use nil for a SYSTEM doctype
- * - systemId: external subset system identifier
- * - subset: content
- *
- * Examples:
- *   writer.write_dtd 'html'
- *     #=> <!DOCTYPE html>
- *   writer.write_dtd 'docbook', nil, 'http://www.docbook.org/xml/5.0/dtd/docbook.dtd'
- *     #=> <!DOCTYPE docbook SYSTEM "http://www.docbook.org/xml/5.0/dtd/docbook.dtd">
- *   writer.write_dtd 'html', '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN', 'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd'
- *     #=> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
- *   writer.write_dtd 'person', nil, nil, '<!ELEMENT person (firstname,lastname)><!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>'
- *     #=> <!DOCTYPE person [<!ELEMENT person (firstname,lastname)><!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>]>
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE name, pubid, sysid, subset;
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "13", &name, &pubid, &sysid, &subset);
-
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, pubid, sysid, subset};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTD(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2], xmlStrings[3]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_dtd_attlist(name, content) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes a DTD attribute list, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
- *   writer.write_dtd_attlist 'id', 'ID #IMPLIED'
- *     #=> <!ATTLIST id ID #IMPLIED>
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd_attlist(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE content)
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, content};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTDAttlist(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_dtd_element(name, content) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes a full DTD element, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
- *   writer.write_dtd_element 'person', '(firstname,lastname)'
- *     #=> <!ELEMENT person (firstname,lastname)>
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd_element(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE content)
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, content};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTDElement(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_dtd_entity(name, publicId, systemId, ndataid, content, pe) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes a DTD entity, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd_entity(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE pubid, VALUE sysid, VALUE ndataid, VALUE content, VALUE pe)
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, pubid, sysid, ndataid, content};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTDEntity(rwo->writer, RB_TEST(pe), xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2], xmlStrings[3], xmlStrings[4]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_dtd_external_entity(name, publicId, systemId, ndataid, pe) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes a DTD external entity. The entity must have been started
- * with start_dtd_entity. Returns +false+ on failure.
- * - name: the name of the DTD entity
- * - publicId: the public identifier, which is an alternative to the system identifier
- * - systemId: the system identifier, which is the URI of the DTD
- * - ndataid: the xml notation name
- * - pe: +true+ if this is a parameter entity (to be used only in the DTD
- * itself), +false+ if not
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd_external_entity(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE pubid, VALUE sysid, VALUE ndataid, VALUE pe)
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, pubid, sysid, ndataid};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTDExternalEntity(rwo->writer, RB_TEST(pe), xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2], xmlStrings[3]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_dtd_external_entity_contents(publicId, systemId, ndataid) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes the contents of a DTD external entity, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd_external_entity_contents(VALUE self, VALUE pubid, VALUE sysid, VALUE ndataid)
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {pubid, sysid, ndataid,};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTDExternalEntityContents(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_dtd_internal_entity(name, content, pe) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes a DTD internal entity, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
- *
- * Examples:
- *   writer.write_dtd_entity 'Shape', '(rect|circle|poly|default)', true
- *     #=> <!ENTITY % Shape "(rect|circle|poly|default)">
- *   writer.write_dtd_entity 'delta', '&#948;', false
- *     #=> <!ENTITY delta "&#948;">
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd_internal_entity(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE content, VALUE pe)
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, content};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTDInternalEntity(rwo->writer, RB_TEST(pe), xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.write_dtd_notation(name, publicId, systemId) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Writes a DTD entity, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd_notation(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE pubid, VALUE sysid)
-{
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, pubid, sysid};
-    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL};
-    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
-    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTDNotation(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2]);
-    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-
-#if LIBXML_VERSION >= 20900
-/* call-seq:
- *    writer.set_quote_char(...) -> (true|false)
- *
- * Sets the character used to quote attributes. Returns +false+ on failure.
- *
- * Notes:
- * - only " (default) and ' characters are valid
- * - availability: libxml2 >= 2.9.0
- */
-static VALUE rxml_writer_set_quote_char(VALUE self, VALUE quotechar)
-{
-    int ret;
-    const char* xquotechar;
-    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
-
-    rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
-    xquotechar = StringValueCStr(quotechar);
-    ret = xmlTextWriterSetQuoteChar(rwo->writer, (xmlChar)xquotechar[0]);
-
-    return (-1 == ret ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
-}
-#endif /* LIBXML_VERSION >= 20900 */
-
-#endif /* LIBXML_WRITER_ENABLED */
-
-
-/* grep -P 'xmlTextWriter(Start|End|Write)(?!DTD|V?Format)[^(]+' /usr/include/libxml2/libxml/xmlwriter.h */
-void rxml_init_writer(void)
-{
-    sEncoding = ID2SYM(rb_intern("encoding"));
-    sStandalone = ID2SYM(rb_intern("standalone"));
-
-    cXMLWriter = rb_define_class_under(mXML, "Writer", rb_cObject);
-    rb_undef_alloc_func(cXMLWriter);
-
-#ifdef LIBXML_WRITER_ENABLED
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cXMLWriter, "io", rxml_writer_io, 1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cXMLWriter, "file", rxml_writer_file, 1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cXMLWriter, "document", rxml_writer_doc, 0);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cXMLWriter, "string", rxml_writer_string, 0);
-
-    /* misc */
-#if LIBXML_VERSION >= 20605
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "set_indent", rxml_writer_set_indent, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "set_indent_string", rxml_writer_set_indent_string, 1);
-#endif /* LIBXML_VERSION >= 20605 */
-#if LIBXML_VERSION >= 20900
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "set_quote_char", rxml_writer_set_quote_char, 1);
-#endif  /* LIBXML_VERSION >= 20900 */
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "flush", rxml_writer_flush, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_dtd", rxml_writer_start_dtd, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_dtd_entity", rxml_writer_start_dtd_entity, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_dtd_attlist", rxml_writer_start_dtd_attlist, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_dtd_element", rxml_writer_start_dtd_element, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd", rxml_writer_write_dtd, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd_attlist", rxml_writer_write_dtd_attlist, 2);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd_element", rxml_writer_write_dtd_element, 2);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd_entity", rxml_writer_write_dtd_entity, 6);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd_external_entity", rxml_writer_write_dtd_external_entity, 5);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd_external_entity_contents", rxml_writer_write_dtd_external_entity_contents, 3);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd_internal_entity", rxml_writer_write_dtd_internal_entity, 3);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd_notation", rxml_writer_write_dtd_notation, 3);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_dtd", rxml_writer_end_dtd, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_dtd_entity", rxml_writer_end_dtd_entity, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_dtd_attlist", rxml_writer_end_dtd_attlist, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_dtd_element", rxml_writer_end_dtd_element, 0);
-
-    /* tag by parts */
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_raw", rxml_writer_write_raw, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_string", rxml_writer_write_string, 1);
-
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_cdata", rxml_writer_start_cdata, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_cdata", rxml_writer_end_cdata, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_attribute", rxml_writer_start_attribute, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_attribute_ns", rxml_writer_start_attribute_ns, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_attribute", rxml_writer_end_attribute, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_element", rxml_writer_start_element, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_element_ns", rxml_writer_start_element_ns, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_element", rxml_writer_end_element, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "full_end_element", rxml_writer_full_end_element, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_document", rxml_writer_start_document, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_document", rxml_writer_end_document, 0);
-#if LIBXML_VERSION >= 20607
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_comment", rxml_writer_start_comment, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_comment", rxml_writer_end_comment, 0);
-#endif /* LIBXML_VERSION >= 20607 */
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_pi", rxml_writer_start_pi, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_pi", rxml_writer_end_pi, 0);
-
-    /* full tag at once */
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_attribute", rxml_writer_write_attribute, 2);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_attribute_ns", rxml_writer_write_attribute_ns, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_comment", rxml_writer_write_comment, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_cdata", rxml_writer_write_cdata, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_element", rxml_writer_write_element, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_element_ns", rxml_writer_write_element_ns, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_pi", rxml_writer_write_pi, 2);
-
-    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "result", rxml_writer_result, 0);
-
-    rb_undef_method(CLASS_OF(cXMLWriter), "new");
-#endif
-}
-
+#include "ruby_libxml.h"
+#include "ruby_xml_writer.h"
+
+#ifdef LIBXML_WRITER_ENABLED
+#include <libxml/xmlwriter.h>
+#endif
+
+VALUE cXMLWriter;
+static VALUE sEncoding, sStandalone;
+
+#ifdef LIBXML_WRITER_ENABLED
+
+/*
+ * Document-class: LibXML::XML::Writer
+ *
+ * The XML::Writer class provides a simpler, alternative way to build a valid
+ * XML document from scratch (forward-only) compared to a DOM approach (based
+ * on XML::Document class).
+ *
+ * For a more in depth tutorial, albeit in C, see http://xmlsoft.org/xmlwriter.html
+ */
+
+#include <libxml/xmlwriter.h>
+
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    RXMLW_OUTPUT_NONE,
+    RXMLW_OUTPUT_IO,
+    RXMLW_OUTPUT_DOC,
+    RXMLW_OUTPUT_STRING
+} rxmlw_output_type;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    VALUE output;
+    rb_encoding* encoding;
+    xmlBufferPtr buffer;
+    xmlTextWriterPtr writer;
+    rxmlw_output_type output_type;
+    int closed;
+} rxml_writer_object;
+
+static void rxml_writer_free(void* data)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = (rxml_writer_object*)data;
+    xmlBufferPtr buffer = rwo->buffer;
+
+    rwo->closed = 1;
+    xmlFreeTextWriter(rwo->writer);
+
+    if (NULL != buffer)
+    {
+        xmlBufferFree(buffer);
+    }
+
+    xfree(rwo);
+}
+
+static void rxml_writer_mark(void* data)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = (rxml_writer_object*)data;
+    if (!NIL_P(rwo->output))
+    {
+        rb_gc_mark(rwo->output);
+    }
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t rxml_writer_data_type = {
+    .wrap_struct_name = "LibXML::XML::Writer",
+    .function = { .dmark = rxml_writer_mark, .dfree = rxml_writer_free },
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY,
+};
+
+static VALUE rxml_writer_wrap(rxml_writer_object* rwo)
+{
+    return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(cXMLWriter, &rxml_writer_data_type, rwo);
+}
+
+static rxml_writer_object* rxml_textwriter_get(VALUE obj)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(obj, rxml_writer_object, &rxml_writer_data_type, rwo);
+
+    return rwo;
+}
+
+int rxml_writer_write_callback(void* context, const char* buffer, int len)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = context;
+
+    if (rwo->closed)
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return rxml_write_callback(rwo->output, buffer, len);
+    }
+}
+
+/* ===== public class methods ===== */
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    XML::Writer::io(io) -> XML::Writer
+ *
+ * Creates a XML::Writer which will write XML directly into an IO object.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_io(VALUE klass, VALUE io)
+{
+    xmlOutputBufferPtr out;
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
+
+    rwo = ALLOC(rxml_writer_object);
+    rwo->output = io;
+    rwo->buffer = NULL;
+    rwo->closed = 0;
+    rwo->encoding = rb_enc_get(io);
+    if (!rwo->encoding)
+        rwo->encoding = rb_utf8_encoding();
+
+    rwo->output_type = RXMLW_OUTPUT_IO;
+
+    xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr encodingHdlr = xmlFindCharEncodingHandler(rwo->encoding->name);
+    if (NULL == (out = xmlOutputBufferCreateIO(rxml_writer_write_callback, NULL, (void*)rwo, encodingHdlr)))
+    {
+        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
+    }
+    if (NULL == (rwo->writer = xmlNewTextWriter(out)))
+    {
+        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
+    }
+
+    return rxml_writer_wrap(rwo);
+}
+
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    XML::Writer::file(path) -> XML::Writer
+ *
+ * Creates a XML::Writer object which will write XML into the file with
+ * the given name.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_file(VALUE klass, VALUE filename)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
+
+    rwo = ALLOC(rxml_writer_object);
+    rwo->output = Qnil;
+    rwo->buffer = NULL;
+    rwo->closed = 0;
+    rwo->encoding = rb_utf8_encoding();
+    rwo->output_type = RXMLW_OUTPUT_NONE;
+    if (NULL == (rwo->writer = xmlNewTextWriterFilename(StringValueCStr(filename), 0)))
+    {
+        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
+    }
+
+    return rxml_writer_wrap(rwo);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    XML::Writer::string -> XML::Writer
+ *
+ * Creates a XML::Writer which will write XML into memory, as string.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_string(VALUE klass)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
+
+    rwo = ALLOC(rxml_writer_object);
+    rwo->output = Qnil;
+    rwo->closed = 0;
+    rwo->encoding = rb_utf8_encoding();
+    rwo->output_type = RXMLW_OUTPUT_STRING;
+    if (NULL == (rwo->buffer = xmlBufferCreate()))
+    {
+        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
+    }
+    if (NULL == (rwo->writer = xmlNewTextWriterMemory(rwo->buffer, 0)))
+    {
+        xmlBufferFree(rwo->buffer);
+        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
+    }
+
+    return rxml_writer_wrap(rwo);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    XML::Writer::document -> XML::Writer
+ *
+ * Creates a XML::Writer which will write into an in memory XML::Document
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_doc(VALUE klass)
+{
+    xmlDocPtr doc;
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
+    VALUE output, result;
+
+    rwo = ALLOC(rxml_writer_object);
+    rwo->buffer = NULL;
+    rwo->output = Qnil;
+    rwo->closed = 0;
+    rwo->encoding = rb_utf8_encoding();
+    rwo->output_type = RXMLW_OUTPUT_DOC;
+    if (NULL == (rwo->writer = xmlNewTextWriterDoc(&doc, 0)))
+    {
+        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
+    }
+    output = rxml_document_wrap(doc);
+    rwo->output = output;
+
+    result = rxml_writer_wrap(rwo);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(output);
+    return result;
+}
+
+/* ===== public instance methods ===== */
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.flush(empty? = true) -> (num|string)
+ *
+ * Flushes the output buffer. Returns the number of written bytes or
+ * the current content of the internal buffer for a in memory XML::Writer.
+ * If +empty?+ is +true+, and for a in memory XML::Writer, this internel
+ * buffer is empty.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_flush(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    int ret;
+    VALUE empty;
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &empty);
+
+    rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    if (-1 == (ret = xmlTextWriterFlush(rwo->writer)))
+    {
+        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != rwo->buffer)
+    {
+        VALUE content;
+
+        content = rb_external_str_new_with_enc((const char*)rwo->buffer->content, rwo->buffer->use, rwo->encoding);
+        if (NIL_P(empty) || RTEST(empty))
+        { /* nil = default value = true */
+            xmlBufferEmpty(rwo->buffer);
+        }
+
+        return content;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return INT2NUM(ret);
+    }
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.result -> (XML::Document|"string"|nil)
+ *
+ * Returns the associated result object to the XML::Writer creation.
+ * A String for a XML::Writer object created with XML::Writer::string,
+ * a XML::Document with XML::Writer::document, etc.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_result(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE ret = Qnil;
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    int bytesWritten = xmlTextWriterFlush(rwo->writer);
+
+    if (bytesWritten == -1)
+    {
+        rxml_raise(xmlGetLastError());
+    }
+
+    switch (rwo->output_type)
+    {
+    case RXMLW_OUTPUT_DOC:
+        ret = rwo->output;
+        break;
+    case RXMLW_OUTPUT_STRING:
+        ret = rb_external_str_new_with_enc((const char*)rwo->buffer->content, rwo->buffer->use, rwo->encoding);
+        break;
+    case RXMLW_OUTPUT_IO:
+    case RXMLW_OUTPUT_NONE:
+        break;
+    default:
+        rb_bug("unexpected output");
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/* ===== private helpers ===== */
+static void encodeStrings(rb_encoding* encoding, int count, VALUE* strings, const xmlChar** encoded_strings)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+    {
+        VALUE string = strings[i];
+
+        if (NIL_P(string))
+        {
+            encoded_strings[i] = NULL;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            VALUE encoded = rb_str_conv_enc(strings[i], rb_enc_get(string), encoding);
+            encoded_strings[i] = BAD_CAST StringValueCStr(encoded);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE invoke_void_arg_function(VALUE self, int (*fn)(xmlTextWriterPtr))
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    int result = fn(rwo->writer);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+static VALUE invoke_single_arg_function(VALUE self, int (*fn)(xmlTextWriterPtr, const xmlChar *), VALUE value)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] = { value };
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] = { NULL };
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+
+    int result = fn(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+
+/* ===== public instance methods ===== */
+
+#if LIBXML_VERSION >= 20605
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.set_indent(indentation) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Toggles indentation on or off. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ *
+ * Availability: libxml2 >= 2.6.5
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_set_indent(VALUE self, VALUE indentation)
+{
+    int ret;
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
+
+    rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    ret = xmlTextWriterSetIndent(rwo->writer, RTEST(indentation));
+
+    return (-1 == ret ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.set_indent_string(string) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Sets the string to use to indent each element of the document.
+ * Don't forget to enable indentation with set_indent. Returns
+ * +false+ on failure.
+ *
+ * Availability: libxml2 >= 2.6.5
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_set_indent_string(VALUE self, VALUE indentation)
+{
+    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterSetIndentString, indentation);
+}
+#endif /* LIBXML_VERSION >= 20605 */
+
+/* ===== public full tag interface ===== */
+
+/* write_<X> = start_<X> + write_string + end_<X> */
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_comment(content) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes a full comment tag, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ * This is equivalent to start_comment + write_string(content) + end_comment.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_comment(VALUE self, VALUE content)
+{
+    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterWriteComment, content);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_cdata(content) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes a full CDATA section, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ * This is equivalent to start_cdata + write_string(content) + end_cdata.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_cdata(VALUE self, VALUE content)
+{
+    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterWriteCDATA, content);
+}
+
+static VALUE rxml_writer_start_element(VALUE, VALUE);
+static VALUE rxml_writer_start_element_ns(int, VALUE*, VALUE);
+static VALUE rxml_writer_end_element(VALUE);
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_element(name, content) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes a full element tag, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ * This is equivalent to start_element(name) + write_string(content) +
+ * end_element.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_element(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE name, content;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &name, &content);
+    if (Qnil == content)
+    {
+        if (Qfalse == rxml_writer_start_element(self, name))
+        {
+            return Qfalse;
+        }
+        return rxml_writer_end_element(self);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+        VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, content};
+        const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL};
+        encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+
+        int result = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1]);
+        return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+    }
+}
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(array) \
+    (sizeof(array) / sizeof((array)[0]))
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_element_ns(prefix, name, namespaceURI, content) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes a full namespaced element tag, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ * This is a shortcut for start_element_ns(prefix, name, namespaceURI) +
+ * write_string(content) + end_element.
+ *
+ * Notes:
+ * - by default, the xmlns: definition is repeated on every element. If you want
+ * the prefix, but don't want the xmlns: declaration repeated, set +namespaceURI+
+ * to nil or omit it. Don't forget to declare the namespace prefix somewhere
+ * earlier.
+ * - +content+ can be omitted for an empty tag
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_element_ns(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE prefix, name, namespaceURI, content;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "22", &prefix, &name, &namespaceURI, &content);
+    if (Qnil == content)
+    {
+        VALUE argv[3] = { prefix, name, namespaceURI };
+
+        if (Qfalse == rxml_writer_start_element_ns(ARRAY_SIZE(argv), argv, self))
+        {
+            return Qfalse;
+        }
+        return rxml_writer_end_element(self);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+        VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {prefix, name, namespaceURI, content};
+        const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL};
+        encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+        int result = xmlTextWriterWriteElementNS(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2], xmlStrings[3]);
+        return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+    }
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_attribute(name, content) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes a full attribute, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ * Same as start_attribute(name) + write_string(content) + end_attribute.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_attribute(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE content)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, content};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_attribute_ns(prefix, name, namespaceURI, content) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes a full namespaced attribute, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ * Same as start_attribute_ns(prefix, name, namespaceURI) +
+ * write_string(content) + end_attribute.
+ *
+ * Notes:
+ * - by default, the xmlns: definition is repeated on every element. If you want
+ * the prefix, but don't want the xmlns: declaration repeated, set +namespaceURI+
+ * to nil or omit it. Don't forget to declare the namespace prefix somewhere
+ * earlier.
+ * - +content+ can be omitted too for an empty attribute
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_attribute_ns(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE prefix, name, namespaceURI, content;
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "22", &prefix, &name, &namespaceURI, &content);
+
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {prefix, name, namespaceURI, content};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteAttributeNS(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2], xmlStrings[3]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_pi(target, content) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes a full CDATA tag, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ * This is a shortcut for start_pi(target) + write_string(content) + end_pi.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_pi(VALUE self, VALUE target, VALUE content)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {target, content};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterWritePI(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* ===== public start/end interface ===== */
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_string(content) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Safely (problematic characters are internally translated to their
+ * associated named entities) writes a string into the current node
+ * (attribute, element, comment, ...). Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_string(VALUE self, VALUE content)
+{
+    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterWriteString, content);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_raw(content) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes the string +content+ as is, reserved characters are not
+ * translated to their associated entities. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ * Consider write_string to handle them.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_raw(VALUE self, VALUE content)
+{
+    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterWriteRaw, content);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.start_attribute(name) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Starts an attribute. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_start_attribute(VALUE self, VALUE name)
+{
+    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterStartAttribute, name);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.start_attribute_ns(prefix, name, namespaceURI) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Starts a namespaced attribute. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ *
+ * Note: by default, the xmlns: definition is repeated on every element. If
+ * you want the prefix, but don't want the xmlns: declaration repeated, set
+ * +namespaceURI+ to nil or omit it. Don't forget to declare the namespace
+ * prefix somewhere earlier.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_start_attribute_ns(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE prefix, name, namespaceURI;
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &prefix, &name, &namespaceURI);
+
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {prefix, name, namespaceURI};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterStartAttributeNS(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.end_attribute -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Ends an attribute, namespaced or not. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_end_attribute(VALUE self)
+{
+    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndAttribute);
+}
+
+#if LIBXML_VERSION >= 20607
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.start_comment -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Starts a comment. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ * Note: libxml2 >= 2.6.7 required
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_start_comment(VALUE self)
+{
+    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterStartComment);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.end_comment -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Ends current comment, returns +false+ on failure.
+ * Note: libxml2 >= 2.6.7 required
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_end_comment(VALUE self)
+{
+    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndComment);
+}
+#endif /* LIBXML_VERSION >= 20607 */
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.start_element(name) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Starts a new element. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_start_element(VALUE self, VALUE name)
+{
+    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterStartElement, name);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.start_element_ns(prefix, name, namespaceURI) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Starts a new namespaced element. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ *
+ * Note: by default, the xmlns: definition is repeated on every element. If
+ * you want the prefix, but don't want the xmlns: declaration repeated, set
+ * +namespaceURI+ to nil or omit it. Don't forget to declare the namespace
+ * prefix somewhere earlier.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_start_element_ns(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE prefix, name, namespaceURI;
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &prefix, &name, &namespaceURI);
+
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {prefix, name, namespaceURI};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterStartElementNS(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.end_element -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Ends current element, namespaced or not. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_end_element(VALUE self)
+{
+    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndElement);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_full_end_element -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Ends current element, namespaced or not. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ * This method writes an end tag even if the element is empty (<foo></foo>),
+ * end_element does not (<foo/>).
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_full_end_element(VALUE self)
+{
+    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterFullEndElement);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.start_cdata -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Starts a new CDATA section. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_start_cdata(VALUE self)
+{
+    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterStartCDATA);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.end_cdata -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Ends current CDATA section. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_end_cdata(VALUE self)
+{
+    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndCDATA);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.start_document -> (true|false)
+ *    writer.start_document(:encoding => XML::Encoding::UTF_8,
+ *    :standalone => true) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Starts a new document. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ *
+ * You may provide an optional hash table to control XML header that will be
+ * generated. Valid options are:
+ * - encoding: the output document encoding, defaults to nil (= UTF-8). Valid
+ * values are the encoding constants defined on XML::Encoding
+ * - standalone: nil (default) or a boolean to indicate if the document is
+ * standalone or not
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_start_document(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    int ret;
+    VALUE options = Qnil;
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
+    const xmlChar* xencoding = NULL;
+    const char* xstandalone = NULL;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &options);
+    if (!NIL_P(options))
+    {
+        VALUE encoding, standalone;
+
+        encoding = standalone = Qnil;
+        Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+        encoding = rb_hash_aref(options, sEncoding);
+        xencoding = NIL_P(encoding) ? NULL : (const xmlChar*)xmlGetCharEncodingName(NUM2INT(encoding));
+        standalone = rb_hash_aref(options, sStandalone);
+        if (NIL_P(standalone))
+        {
+            xstandalone = NULL;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            xstandalone = RTEST(standalone) ? "yes" : "no";
+        }
+    }
+    rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    rwo->encoding = rxml_figure_encoding(xencoding);
+    ret = xmlTextWriterStartDocument(rwo->writer, NULL, (const char*)xencoding, xstandalone);
+
+    return (-1 == ret ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.end_document -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Ends current document. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_end_document(VALUE self)
+{
+    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndDocument);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.start_pi(target) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Starts a new processing instruction. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_start_pi(VALUE self, VALUE target)
+{
+    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterStartPI, target);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.end_pi -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Ends current processing instruction. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_end_pi(VALUE self)
+{
+    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndPI);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.start_dtd(qualifiedName, publicId, systemId) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Starts a DTD. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_start_dtd(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE name, pubid, sysid;
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &name, &pubid, &sysid);
+
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, pubid, sysid};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterStartDTD(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.start_dtd_element(qualifiedName) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Starts a DTD element (<!ELEMENT ... >). Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_start_dtd_element(VALUE self, VALUE name)
+{
+    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterStartDTDElement, name);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.start_dtd_entity(name, pe = false) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Starts a DTD entity (<!ENTITY ... >). Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_start_dtd_entity(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE name, pe;
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &name, &pe);
+
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterStartDTDEntity(rwo->writer, RB_TEST(pe), xmlStrings[0]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.start_dtd_attlist(name) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Starts a DTD attribute list (<!ATTLIST ... >). Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_start_dtd_attlist(VALUE self, VALUE name)
+{
+    return invoke_single_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterStartDTDAttlist, name);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.end_dtd -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Ends current DTD, returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_end_dtd(VALUE self)
+{
+    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndDTD);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.end_dtd_entity -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Ends current DTD entity, returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_end_dtd_entity(VALUE self)
+{
+    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndDTDEntity);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.end_dtd_attlist -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Ends current DTD attribute list, returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_end_dtd_attlist(VALUE self)
+{
+    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndDTDAttlist);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.end_dtd_element -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Ends current DTD element, returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_end_dtd_element(VALUE self)
+{
+    return invoke_void_arg_function(self, xmlTextWriterEndDTDElement);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_dtd(name [ [ [, publicId ], systemId ], subset ]) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes a DTD, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ * - name: dtd name
+ * - publicId: external subset public identifier, use nil for a SYSTEM doctype
+ * - systemId: external subset system identifier
+ * - subset: content
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *   writer.write_dtd 'html'
+ *     #=> <!DOCTYPE html>
+ *   writer.write_dtd 'docbook', nil, 'http://www.docbook.org/xml/5.0/dtd/docbook.dtd'
+ *     #=> <!DOCTYPE docbook SYSTEM "http://www.docbook.org/xml/5.0/dtd/docbook.dtd">
+ *   writer.write_dtd 'html', '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN', 'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd'
+ *     #=> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
+ *   writer.write_dtd 'person', nil, nil, '<!ELEMENT person (firstname,lastname)><!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>'
+ *     #=> <!DOCTYPE person [<!ELEMENT person (firstname,lastname)><!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>]>
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE name, pubid, sysid, subset;
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "13", &name, &pubid, &sysid, &subset);
+
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, pubid, sysid, subset};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTD(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2], xmlStrings[3]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_dtd_attlist(name, content) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes a DTD attribute list, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ *   writer.write_dtd_attlist 'id', 'ID #IMPLIED'
+ *     #=> <!ATTLIST id ID #IMPLIED>
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd_attlist(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE content)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, content};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTDAttlist(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_dtd_element(name, content) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes a full DTD element, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ *   writer.write_dtd_element 'person', '(firstname,lastname)'
+ *     #=> <!ELEMENT person (firstname,lastname)>
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd_element(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE content)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, content};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTDElement(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_dtd_entity(name, publicId, systemId, ndataid, content, pe) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes a DTD entity, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd_entity(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE pubid, VALUE sysid, VALUE ndataid, VALUE content, VALUE pe)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, pubid, sysid, ndataid, content};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTDEntity(rwo->writer, RB_TEST(pe), xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2], xmlStrings[3], xmlStrings[4]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_dtd_external_entity(name, publicId, systemId, ndataid, pe) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes a DTD external entity. The entity must have been started
+ * with start_dtd_entity. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ * - name: the name of the DTD entity
+ * - publicId: the public identifier, which is an alternative to the system identifier
+ * - systemId: the system identifier, which is the URI of the DTD
+ * - ndataid: the xml notation name
+ * - pe: +true+ if this is a parameter entity (to be used only in the DTD
+ * itself), +false+ if not
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd_external_entity(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE pubid, VALUE sysid, VALUE ndataid, VALUE pe)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, pubid, sysid, ndataid};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTDExternalEntity(rwo->writer, RB_TEST(pe), xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2], xmlStrings[3]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_dtd_external_entity_contents(publicId, systemId, ndataid) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes the contents of a DTD external entity, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd_external_entity_contents(VALUE self, VALUE pubid, VALUE sysid, VALUE ndataid)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {pubid, sysid, ndataid,};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTDExternalEntityContents(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_dtd_internal_entity(name, content, pe) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes a DTD internal entity, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *   writer.write_dtd_entity 'Shape', '(rect|circle|poly|default)', true
+ *     #=> <!ENTITY % Shape "(rect|circle|poly|default)">
+ *   writer.write_dtd_entity 'delta', '&#948;', false
+ *     #=> <!ENTITY delta "&#948;">
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd_internal_entity(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE content, VALUE pe)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, content};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTDInternalEntity(rwo->writer, RB_TEST(pe), xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.write_dtd_notation(name, publicId, systemId) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Writes a DTD entity, all at once. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_write_dtd_notation(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE pubid, VALUE sysid)
+{
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    VALUE rubyStrings[] =  {name, pubid, sysid};
+    const xmlChar* xmlStrings[] =  {NULL, NULL, NULL};
+    encodeStrings(rwo->encoding, sizeof(rubyStrings)/sizeof(VALUE), rubyStrings, xmlStrings);
+    int result = xmlTextWriterWriteDTDNotation(rwo->writer, xmlStrings[0], xmlStrings[1], xmlStrings[2]);
+    return (result == -1 ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+
+#if LIBXML_VERSION >= 20900
+/* call-seq:
+ *    writer.set_quote_char(...) -> (true|false)
+ *
+ * Sets the character used to quote attributes. Returns +false+ on failure.
+ *
+ * Notes:
+ * - only " (default) and ' characters are valid
+ * - availability: libxml2 >= 2.9.0
+ */
+static VALUE rxml_writer_set_quote_char(VALUE self, VALUE quotechar)
+{
+    int ret;
+    const char* xquotechar;
+    rxml_writer_object* rwo;
+
+    rwo = rxml_textwriter_get(self);
+    xquotechar = StringValueCStr(quotechar);
+    ret = xmlTextWriterSetQuoteChar(rwo->writer, (xmlChar)xquotechar[0]);
+
+    return (-1 == ret ? Qfalse : Qtrue);
+}
+#endif /* LIBXML_VERSION >= 20900 */
+
+#endif /* LIBXML_WRITER_ENABLED */
+
+
+/* grep -P 'xmlTextWriter(Start|End|Write)(?!DTD|V?Format)[^(]+' /usr/include/libxml2/libxml/xmlwriter.h */
+void rxml_init_writer(void)
+{
+    sEncoding = ID2SYM(rb_intern("encoding"));
+    sStandalone = ID2SYM(rb_intern("standalone"));
+
+    cXMLWriter = rb_define_class_under(mXML, "Writer", rb_cObject);
+    rb_undef_alloc_func(cXMLWriter);
+
+#ifdef LIBXML_WRITER_ENABLED
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cXMLWriter, "io", rxml_writer_io, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cXMLWriter, "file", rxml_writer_file, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cXMLWriter, "document", rxml_writer_doc, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cXMLWriter, "string", rxml_writer_string, 0);
+
+    /* misc */
+#if LIBXML_VERSION >= 20605
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "set_indent", rxml_writer_set_indent, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "set_indent_string", rxml_writer_set_indent_string, 1);
+#endif /* LIBXML_VERSION >= 20605 */
+#if LIBXML_VERSION >= 20900
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "set_quote_char", rxml_writer_set_quote_char, 1);
+#endif  /* LIBXML_VERSION >= 20900 */
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "flush", rxml_writer_flush, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_dtd", rxml_writer_start_dtd, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_dtd_entity", rxml_writer_start_dtd_entity, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_dtd_attlist", rxml_writer_start_dtd_attlist, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_dtd_element", rxml_writer_start_dtd_element, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd", rxml_writer_write_dtd, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd_attlist", rxml_writer_write_dtd_attlist, 2);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd_element", rxml_writer_write_dtd_element, 2);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd_entity", rxml_writer_write_dtd_entity, 6);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd_external_entity", rxml_writer_write_dtd_external_entity, 5);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd_external_entity_contents", rxml_writer_write_dtd_external_entity_contents, 3);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd_internal_entity", rxml_writer_write_dtd_internal_entity, 3);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_dtd_notation", rxml_writer_write_dtd_notation, 3);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_dtd", rxml_writer_end_dtd, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_dtd_entity", rxml_writer_end_dtd_entity, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_dtd_attlist", rxml_writer_end_dtd_attlist, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_dtd_element", rxml_writer_end_dtd_element, 0);
+
+    /* tag by parts */
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_raw", rxml_writer_write_raw, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_string", rxml_writer_write_string, 1);
+
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_cdata", rxml_writer_start_cdata, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_cdata", rxml_writer_end_cdata, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_attribute", rxml_writer_start_attribute, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_attribute_ns", rxml_writer_start_attribute_ns, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_attribute", rxml_writer_end_attribute, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_element", rxml_writer_start_element, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_element_ns", rxml_writer_start_element_ns, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_element", rxml_writer_end_element, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "full_end_element", rxml_writer_full_end_element, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_document", rxml_writer_start_document, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_document", rxml_writer_end_document, 0);
+#if LIBXML_VERSION >= 20607
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_comment", rxml_writer_start_comment, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_comment", rxml_writer_end_comment, 0);
+#endif /* LIBXML_VERSION >= 20607 */
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "start_pi", rxml_writer_start_pi, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "end_pi", rxml_writer_end_pi, 0);
+
+    /* full tag at once */
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_attribute", rxml_writer_write_attribute, 2);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_attribute_ns", rxml_writer_write_attribute_ns, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_comment", rxml_writer_write_comment, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_cdata", rxml_writer_write_cdata, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_element", rxml_writer_write_element, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_element_ns", rxml_writer_write_element_ns, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "write_pi", rxml_writer_write_pi, 2);
+
+    rb_define_method(cXMLWriter, "result", rxml_writer_result, 0);
+
+    rb_undef_method(CLASS_OF(cXMLWriter), "new");
+#endif
+}