libusb 0.3.4 → 0.4.0

data/ext/libusbx-1.0.17/libusb/descriptor.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1199 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C; indent-tabs-mode:t ; c-basic-offset:8 -*- */
+/*
+ * USB descriptor handling functions for libusbx
+ * Copyright © 2007 Daniel Drake <dsd@gentoo.org>
+ * Copyright © 2001 Johannes Erdfelt <johannes@erdfelt.com>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "libusbi.h"
+
+#define DESC_HEADER_LENGTH		2
+#define DEVICE_DESC_LENGTH		18
+#define CONFIG_DESC_LENGTH		9
+#define INTERFACE_DESC_LENGTH		9
+#define ENDPOINT_DESC_LENGTH		7
+#define ENDPOINT_AUDIO_DESC_LENGTH	9
+
+/** @defgroup desc USB descriptors
+ * This page details how to examine the various standard USB descriptors
+ * for detected devices
+ */
+
+/* set host_endian if the w values are already in host endian format,
+ * as opposed to bus endian. */
+int usbi_parse_descriptor(const unsigned char *source, const char *descriptor,
+	void *dest, int host_endian)
+{
+	const unsigned char *sp = source;
+	unsigned char *dp = dest;
+	uint16_t w;
+	const char *cp;
+	uint32_t d;
+
+	for (cp = descriptor; *cp; cp++) {
+		switch (*cp) {
+			case 'b':	/* 8-bit byte */
+				*dp++ = *sp++;
+				break;
+			case 'w':	/* 16-bit word, convert from little endian to CPU */
+				dp += ((uintptr_t)dp & 1);	/* Align to word boundary */
+
+				if (host_endian) {
+					memcpy(dp, sp, 2);
+				} else {
+					w = (sp[1] << 8) | sp[0];
+					*((uint16_t *)dp) = w;
+				}
+				sp += 2;
+				dp += 2;
+				break;
+			case 'd':	/* 32-bit word, convert from little endian to CPU */
+				dp += ((uintptr_t)dp & 1);	/* Align to word boundary */
+
+				if (host_endian) {
+					memcpy(dp, sp, 4);
+				} else {
+					d = (sp[3] << 24) | (sp[2] << 16) |
+						(sp[1] << 8) | sp[0];
+					*((uint32_t *)dp) = d;
+				}
+				sp += 4;
+				dp += 4;
+				break;
+			case 'u':	/* 16 byte UUID */
+				memcpy(dp, sp, 16);
+				sp += 16;
+				dp += 16;
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return (int) (sp - source);
+}
+
+static void clear_endpoint(struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint)
+{
+	if (endpoint->extra)
+		free((unsigned char *) endpoint->extra);
+}
+
+static int parse_endpoint(struct libusb_context *ctx,
+	struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint, unsigned char *buffer,
+	int size, int host_endian)
+{
+	struct usb_descriptor_header header;
+	unsigned char *extra;
+	unsigned char *begin;
+	int parsed = 0;
+	int len;
+
+	if (size < DESC_HEADER_LENGTH) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "short endpoint descriptor read %d/%d",
+			 size, DESC_HEADER_LENGTH);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+
+	usbi_parse_descriptor(buffer, "bb", &header, 0);
+	if (header.bDescriptorType != LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "unexpected descriptor %x (expected %x)",
+			header.bDescriptorType, LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT);
+		return parsed;
+	}
+	if (header.bLength > size) {
+		usbi_warn(ctx, "short endpoint descriptor read %d/%d",
+			  size, header.bLength);
+		return parsed;
+	}
+	if (header.bLength >= ENDPOINT_AUDIO_DESC_LENGTH)
+		usbi_parse_descriptor(buffer, "bbbbwbbb", endpoint, host_endian);
+	else if (header.bLength >= ENDPOINT_DESC_LENGTH)
+		usbi_parse_descriptor(buffer, "bbbbwb", endpoint, host_endian);
+	else {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "invalid endpoint bLength (%d)", header.bLength);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+
+	buffer += header.bLength;
+	size -= header.bLength;
+	parsed += header.bLength;
+
+	/* Skip over the rest of the Class Specific or Vendor Specific */
+	/*  descriptors */
+	begin = buffer;
+	while (size >= DESC_HEADER_LENGTH) {
+		usbi_parse_descriptor(buffer, "bb", &header, 0);
+		if (header.bLength < DESC_HEADER_LENGTH) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "invalid extra ep desc len (%d)",
+				 header.bLength);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+		} else if (header.bLength > size) {
+			usbi_warn(ctx, "short extra ep desc read %d/%d",
+				  size, header.bLength);
+			return parsed;
+		}
+
+		/* If we find another "proper" descriptor then we're done  */
+		if ((header.bDescriptorType == LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT) ||
+				(header.bDescriptorType == LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE) ||
+				(header.bDescriptorType == LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG) ||
+				(header.bDescriptorType == LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE))
+			break;
+
+		usbi_dbg("skipping descriptor %x", header.bDescriptorType);
+		buffer += header.bLength;
+		size -= header.bLength;
+		parsed += header.bLength;
+	}
+
+	/* Copy any unknown descriptors into a storage area for drivers */
+	/*  to later parse */
+	len = (int)(buffer - begin);
+	if (!len) {
+		endpoint->extra = NULL;
+		endpoint->extra_length = 0;
+		return parsed;
+	}
+
+	extra = malloc(len);
+	endpoint->extra = extra;
+	if (!extra) {
+		endpoint->extra_length = 0;
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+	}
+
+	memcpy(extra, begin, len);
+	endpoint->extra_length = len;
+
+	return parsed;
+}
+
+static void clear_interface(struct libusb_interface *usb_interface)
+{
+	int i;
+	int j;
+
+	if (usb_interface->altsetting) {
+		for (i = 0; i < usb_interface->num_altsetting; i++) {
+			struct libusb_interface_descriptor *ifp =
+				(struct libusb_interface_descriptor *)
+				usb_interface->altsetting + i;
+			if (ifp->extra)
+				free((void *) ifp->extra);
+			if (ifp->endpoint) {
+				for (j = 0; j < ifp->bNumEndpoints; j++)
+					clear_endpoint((struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *)
+						ifp->endpoint + j);
+				free((void *) ifp->endpoint);
+			}
+		}
+		free((void *) usb_interface->altsetting);
+		usb_interface->altsetting = NULL;
+	}
+
+}
+
+static int parse_interface(libusb_context *ctx,
+	struct libusb_interface *usb_interface, unsigned char *buffer, int size,
+	int host_endian)
+{
+	int i;
+	int len;
+	int r;
+	int parsed = 0;
+	int interface_number = -1;
+	size_t tmp;
+	struct usb_descriptor_header header;
+	struct libusb_interface_descriptor *ifp;
+	unsigned char *begin;
+
+	usb_interface->num_altsetting = 0;
+
+	while (size >= INTERFACE_DESC_LENGTH) {
+		struct libusb_interface_descriptor *altsetting =
+			(struct libusb_interface_descriptor *) usb_interface->altsetting;
+		altsetting = usbi_reallocf(altsetting,
+			sizeof(struct libusb_interface_descriptor) *
+			(usb_interface->num_altsetting + 1));
+		if (!altsetting) {
+			r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+			goto err;
+		}
+		usb_interface->altsetting = altsetting;
+
+		ifp = altsetting + usb_interface->num_altsetting;
+		usbi_parse_descriptor(buffer, "bbbbbbbbb", ifp, 0);
+		if (ifp->bDescriptorType != LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "unexpected descriptor %x (expected %x)",
+				 ifp->bDescriptorType, LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE);
+			return parsed;
+		}
+		if (ifp->bLength < INTERFACE_DESC_LENGTH) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "invalid interface bLength (%d)",
+				 ifp->bLength);
+			r = LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+			goto err;
+		}
+		if (ifp->bLength > size) {
+			usbi_warn(ctx, "short intf descriptor read %d/%d",
+				 size, ifp->bLength);
+			return parsed;
+		}
+		if (ifp->bNumEndpoints > USB_MAXENDPOINTS) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "too many endpoints (%d)", ifp->bNumEndpoints);
+			r = LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+			goto err;
+		}
+
+		usb_interface->num_altsetting++;
+		ifp->extra = NULL;
+		ifp->extra_length = 0;
+		ifp->endpoint = NULL;
+
+		if (interface_number == -1)
+			interface_number = ifp->bInterfaceNumber;
+
+		/* Skip over the interface */
+		buffer += ifp->bLength;
+		parsed += ifp->bLength;
+		size -= ifp->bLength;
+
+		begin = buffer;
+
+		/* Skip over any interface, class or vendor descriptors */
+		while (size >= DESC_HEADER_LENGTH) {
+			usbi_parse_descriptor(buffer, "bb", &header, 0);
+			if (header.bLength < DESC_HEADER_LENGTH) {
+				usbi_err(ctx,
+					 "invalid extra intf desc len (%d)",
+					 header.bLength);
+				r = LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+				goto err;
+			} else if (header.bLength > size) {
+				usbi_warn(ctx,
+					  "short extra intf desc read %d/%d",
+					  size, header.bLength);
+				return parsed;
+			}
+
+			/* If we find another "proper" descriptor then we're done */
+			if ((header.bDescriptorType == LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE) ||
+					(header.bDescriptorType == LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT) ||
+					(header.bDescriptorType == LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG) ||
+					(header.bDescriptorType == LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE))
+				break;
+
+			buffer += header.bLength;
+			parsed += header.bLength;
+			size -= header.bLength;
+		}
+
+		/* Copy any unknown descriptors into a storage area for */
+		/*  drivers to later parse */
+		len = (int)(buffer - begin);
+		if (len) {
+			ifp->extra = malloc(len);
+			if (!ifp->extra) {
+				r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+				goto err;
+			}
+			memcpy((unsigned char *) ifp->extra, begin, len);
+			ifp->extra_length = len;
+		}
+
+		if (ifp->bNumEndpoints > 0) {
+			struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
+			tmp = ifp->bNumEndpoints * sizeof(struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor);
+			endpoint = malloc(tmp);
+			ifp->endpoint = endpoint;
+			if (!endpoint) {
+				r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+				goto err;
+			}
+
+			memset(endpoint, 0, tmp);
+			for (i = 0; i < ifp->bNumEndpoints; i++) {
+				r = parse_endpoint(ctx, endpoint + i, buffer, size,
+					host_endian);
+				if (r < 0)
+					goto err;
+				if (r == 0) {
+					ifp->bNumEndpoints = (uint8_t)i;
+					break;;
+				}
+
+				buffer += r;
+				parsed += r;
+				size -= r;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* We check to see if it's an alternate to this one */
+		ifp = (struct libusb_interface_descriptor *) buffer;
+		if (size < LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE ||
+				ifp->bDescriptorType != LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE ||
+				ifp->bInterfaceNumber != interface_number)
+			return parsed;
+	}
+
+	return parsed;
+err:
+	clear_interface(usb_interface);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static void clear_configuration(struct libusb_config_descriptor *config)
+{
+	if (config->interface) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < config->bNumInterfaces; i++)
+			clear_interface((struct libusb_interface *)
+				config->interface + i);
+		free((void *) config->interface);
+	}
+	if (config->extra)
+		free((void *) config->extra);
+}
+
+static int parse_configuration(struct libusb_context *ctx,
+	struct libusb_config_descriptor *config, unsigned char *buffer,
+	int size, int host_endian)
+{
+	int i;
+	int r;
+	size_t tmp;
+	struct usb_descriptor_header header;
+	struct libusb_interface *usb_interface;
+
+	if (size < LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "short config descriptor read %d/%d",
+			 size, LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+
+	usbi_parse_descriptor(buffer, "bbwbbbbb", config, host_endian);
+	if (config->bDescriptorType != LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "unexpected descriptor %x (expected %x)",
+			 config->bDescriptorType, LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+	if (config->bLength < LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "invalid config bLength (%d)", config->bLength);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+	if (config->bLength > size) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "short config descriptor read %d/%d",
+			 size, config->bLength);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+	if (config->bNumInterfaces > USB_MAXINTERFACES) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "too many interfaces (%d)", config->bNumInterfaces);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+
+	tmp = config->bNumInterfaces * sizeof(struct libusb_interface);
+	usb_interface = malloc(tmp);
+	config->interface = usb_interface;
+	if (!config->interface)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+
+	memset(usb_interface, 0, tmp);
+	buffer += config->bLength;
+	size -= config->bLength;
+
+	config->extra = NULL;
+	config->extra_length = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < config->bNumInterfaces; i++) {
+		int len;
+		unsigned char *begin;
+
+		/* Skip over the rest of the Class Specific or Vendor */
+		/*  Specific descriptors */
+		begin = buffer;
+		while (size >= DESC_HEADER_LENGTH) {
+			usbi_parse_descriptor(buffer, "bb", &header, 0);
+
+			if (header.bLength < DESC_HEADER_LENGTH) {
+				usbi_err(ctx,
+					 "invalid extra config desc len (%d)",
+					 header.bLength);
+				r = LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+				goto err;
+			} else if (header.bLength > size) {
+				usbi_warn(ctx,
+					  "short extra config desc read %d/%d",
+					  size, header.bLength);
+				config->bNumInterfaces = (uint8_t)i;
+				return size;
+			}
+
+			/* If we find another "proper" descriptor then we're done */
+			if ((header.bDescriptorType == LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT) ||
+					(header.bDescriptorType == LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE) ||
+					(header.bDescriptorType == LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG) ||
+					(header.bDescriptorType == LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE))
+				break;
+
+			usbi_dbg("skipping descriptor 0x%x\n", header.bDescriptorType);
+			buffer += header.bLength;
+			size -= header.bLength;
+		}
+
+		/* Copy any unknown descriptors into a storage area for */
+		/*  drivers to later parse */
+		len = (int)(buffer - begin);
+		if (len) {
+			/* FIXME: We should realloc and append here */
+			if (!config->extra_length) {
+				config->extra = malloc(len);
+				if (!config->extra) {
+					r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+					goto err;
+				}
+
+				memcpy((unsigned char *) config->extra, begin, len);
+				config->extra_length = len;
+			}
+		}
+
+		r = parse_interface(ctx, usb_interface + i, buffer, size, host_endian);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto err;
+		if (r == 0) {
+			config->bNumInterfaces = (uint8_t)i;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		buffer += r;
+		size -= r;
+	}
+
+	return size;
+
+err:
+	clear_configuration(config);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int raw_desc_to_config(struct libusb_context *ctx,
+	unsigned char *buf, int size, int host_endian,
+	struct libusb_config_descriptor **config)
+{
+	struct libusb_config_descriptor *_config = malloc(sizeof(*_config));
+	int r;
+	
+	if (!_config)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+
+	r = parse_configuration(ctx, _config, buf, size, host_endian);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "parse_configuration failed with error %d", r);
+		free(_config);
+		return r;
+	} else if (r > 0) {
+		usbi_warn(ctx, "still %d bytes of descriptor data left", r);
+	}
+	
+	*config = _config;
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+int usbi_device_cache_descriptor(libusb_device *dev)
+{
+	int r, host_endian = 0;
+
+	r = usbi_backend->get_device_descriptor(dev, (unsigned char *) &dev->device_descriptor,
+						&host_endian);
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+
+	if (!host_endian) {
+		dev->device_descriptor.bcdUSB = libusb_le16_to_cpu(dev->device_descriptor.bcdUSB);
+		dev->device_descriptor.idVendor = libusb_le16_to_cpu(dev->device_descriptor.idVendor);
+		dev->device_descriptor.idProduct = libusb_le16_to_cpu(dev->device_descriptor.idProduct);
+		dev->device_descriptor.bcdDevice = libusb_le16_to_cpu(dev->device_descriptor.bcdDevice);
+	}
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Get the USB device descriptor for a given device.
+ *
+ * This is a non-blocking function; the device descriptor is cached in memory.
+ *
+ * Note since libusbx-1.0.16, \ref LIBUSBX_API_VERSION >= 0x01000102, this
+ * function always succeeds.
+ *
+ * \param dev the device
+ * \param desc output location for the descriptor data
+ * \returns 0 on success or a LIBUSB_ERROR code on failure
+ */
+int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_device_descriptor(libusb_device *dev,
+	struct libusb_device_descriptor *desc)
+{
+	usbi_dbg("");
+	memcpy((unsigned char *) desc, (unsigned char *) &dev->device_descriptor,
+	       sizeof (dev->device_descriptor));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Get the USB configuration descriptor for the currently active configuration.
+ * This is a non-blocking function which does not involve any requests being
+ * sent to the device.
+ *
+ * \param dev a device
+ * \param config output location for the USB configuration descriptor. Only
+ * valid if 0 was returned. Must be freed with libusb_free_config_descriptor()
+ * after use.
+ * \returns 0 on success
+ * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if the device is in unconfigured state
+ * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on error
+ * \see libusb_get_config_descriptor
+ */
+int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_active_config_descriptor(libusb_device *dev,
+	struct libusb_config_descriptor **config)
+{
+	struct libusb_config_descriptor _config;
+	unsigned char tmp[LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE];
+	unsigned char *buf = NULL;
+	int host_endian = 0;
+	int r;
+
+	r = usbi_backend->get_active_config_descriptor(dev, tmp,
+		LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE, &host_endian);
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+	if (r < LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE) {
+		usbi_err(dev->ctx, "short config descriptor read %d/%d",
+			 r, LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+
+	usbi_parse_descriptor(tmp, "bbw", &_config, host_endian);
+	buf = malloc(_config.wTotalLength);
+	if (!buf)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+
+	r = usbi_backend->get_active_config_descriptor(dev, buf,
+		_config.wTotalLength, &host_endian);
+	if (r >= 0)
+		r = raw_desc_to_config(dev->ctx, buf, r, host_endian, config);
+
+	free(buf);
+	return r;
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Get a USB configuration descriptor based on its index.
+ * This is a non-blocking function which does not involve any requests being
+ * sent to the device.
+ *
+ * \param dev a device
+ * \param config_index the index of the configuration you wish to retrieve
+ * \param config output location for the USB configuration descriptor. Only
+ * valid if 0 was returned. Must be freed with libusb_free_config_descriptor()
+ * after use.
+ * \returns 0 on success
+ * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if the configuration does not exist
+ * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on error
+ * \see libusb_get_active_config_descriptor()
+ * \see libusb_get_config_descriptor_by_value()
+ */
+int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_config_descriptor(libusb_device *dev,
+	uint8_t config_index, struct libusb_config_descriptor **config)
+{
+	struct libusb_config_descriptor _config;
+	unsigned char tmp[LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE];
+	unsigned char *buf = NULL;
+	int host_endian = 0;
+	int r;
+
+	usbi_dbg("index %d", config_index);
+	if (config_index >= dev->num_configurations)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+
+	r = usbi_backend->get_config_descriptor(dev, config_index, tmp,
+		LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE, &host_endian);
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+	if (r < LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE) {
+		usbi_err(dev->ctx, "short config descriptor read %d/%d",
+			 r, LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+
+	usbi_parse_descriptor(tmp, "bbw", &_config, host_endian);
+	buf = malloc(_config.wTotalLength);
+	if (!buf)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+
+	r = usbi_backend->get_config_descriptor(dev, config_index, buf,
+		_config.wTotalLength, &host_endian);
+	if (r >= 0)
+		r = raw_desc_to_config(dev->ctx, buf, r, host_endian, config);
+
+	free(buf);
+	return r;
+}
+
+/* iterate through all configurations, returning the index of the configuration
+ * matching a specific bConfigurationValue in the idx output parameter, or -1
+ * if the config was not found.
+ * returns 0 on success or a LIBUSB_ERROR code
+ */
+int usbi_get_config_index_by_value(struct libusb_device *dev,
+	uint8_t bConfigurationValue, int *idx)
+{
+	uint8_t i;
+
+	usbi_dbg("value %d", bConfigurationValue);
+	for (i = 0; i < dev->num_configurations; i++) {
+		unsigned char tmp[6];
+		int host_endian;
+		int r = usbi_backend->get_config_descriptor(dev, i, tmp, sizeof(tmp),
+			&host_endian);
+		if (r < 0) {
+			*idx = -1;
+			return r;
+		}
+		if (tmp[5] == bConfigurationValue) {
+			*idx = i;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	*idx = -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Get a USB configuration descriptor with a specific bConfigurationValue.
+ * This is a non-blocking function which does not involve any requests being
+ * sent to the device.
+ *
+ * \param dev a device
+ * \param bConfigurationValue the bConfigurationValue of the configuration you
+ * wish to retrieve
+ * \param config output location for the USB configuration descriptor. Only
+ * valid if 0 was returned. Must be freed with libusb_free_config_descriptor()
+ * after use.
+ * \returns 0 on success
+ * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if the configuration does not exist
+ * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on error
+ * \see libusb_get_active_config_descriptor()
+ * \see libusb_get_config_descriptor()
+ */
+int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_config_descriptor_by_value(libusb_device *dev,
+	uint8_t bConfigurationValue, struct libusb_config_descriptor **config)
+{
+	int r, idx, host_endian;
+	unsigned char *buf = NULL;
+
+	if (usbi_backend->get_config_descriptor_by_value) {
+		r = usbi_backend->get_config_descriptor_by_value(dev,
+			bConfigurationValue, &buf, &host_endian);
+		if (r < 0)
+			return r;
+		return raw_desc_to_config(dev->ctx, buf, r, host_endian, config);
+	}
+
+	r = usbi_get_config_index_by_value(dev, bConfigurationValue, &idx);
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+	else if (idx == -1)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	else
+		return libusb_get_config_descriptor(dev, (uint8_t) idx, config);
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Free a configuration descriptor obtained from
+ * libusb_get_active_config_descriptor() or libusb_get_config_descriptor().
+ * It is safe to call this function with a NULL config parameter, in which
+ * case the function simply returns.
+ *
+ * \param config the configuration descriptor to free
+ */
+void API_EXPORTED libusb_free_config_descriptor(
+	struct libusb_config_descriptor *config)
+{
+	if (!config)
+		return;
+
+	clear_configuration(config);
+	free(config);
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Get an endpoints superspeed endpoint companion descriptor (if any)
+ *
+ * \param ctx the context to operate on, or NULL for the default context
+ * \param endpoint endpoint descriptor from which to get the superspeed
+ * endpoint companion descriptor
+ * \param ep_comp output location for the superspeed endpoint companion
+ * descriptor. Only valid if 0 was returned. Must be freed with
+ * libusb_free_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor() after use.
+ * \returns 0 on success
+ * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if the configuration does not exist
+ * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on error
+ */
+int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor(
+	struct libusb_context *ctx,
+	const struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint,
+	struct libusb_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor **ep_comp)
+{
+	struct usb_descriptor_header header;
+	int size = endpoint->extra_length;
+	const unsigned char *buffer = endpoint->extra;
+
+	*ep_comp = NULL;
+
+	while (size >= DESC_HEADER_LENGTH) {
+		usbi_parse_descriptor(buffer, "bb", &header, 0);
+		if (header.bLength < 2 || header.bLength > size) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "invalid descriptor length %d",
+				 header.bLength);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+		}
+		if (header.bDescriptorType != LIBUSB_DT_SS_ENDPOINT_COMPANION) {
+			buffer += header.bLength;
+			size -= header.bLength;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (header.bLength < LIBUSB_DT_SS_ENDPOINT_COMPANION_SIZE) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "invalid ss-ep-comp-desc length %d",
+				 header.bLength);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+		}
+		*ep_comp = malloc(sizeof(**ep_comp));
+		if (*ep_comp == NULL)
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+		usbi_parse_descriptor(buffer, "bbbbw", *ep_comp, 0);
+		return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+	return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Free a superspeed endpoint companion descriptor obtained from
+ * libusb_get_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor().
+ * It is safe to call this function with a NULL ep_comp parameter, in which
+ * case the function simply returns.
+ *
+ * \param ep_comp the superspeed endpoint companion descriptor to free
+ */
+void API_EXPORTED libusb_free_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor(
+	struct libusb_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor *ep_comp)
+{
+	free(ep_comp);
+}
+
+static int parse_bos(struct libusb_context *ctx,
+	struct libusb_bos_descriptor **bos,
+	unsigned char *buffer, int size, int host_endian)
+{
+	struct libusb_bos_descriptor bos_header, *_bos;
+	struct libusb_bos_dev_capability_descriptor dev_cap;
+	int i;
+
+	if (size < LIBUSB_DT_BOS_SIZE) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "short bos descriptor read %d/%d",
+			 size, LIBUSB_DT_BOS_SIZE);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+
+	usbi_parse_descriptor(buffer, "bbwb", &bos_header, host_endian);
+	if (bos_header.bDescriptorType != LIBUSB_DT_BOS) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "unexpected descriptor %x (expected %x)",
+			 bos_header.bDescriptorType, LIBUSB_DT_BOS);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+	if (bos_header.bLength < LIBUSB_DT_BOS_SIZE) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "invalid bos bLength (%d)", bos_header.bLength);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+	if (bos_header.bLength > size) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "short bos descriptor read %d/%d",
+			 size, bos_header.bLength);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+
+	_bos = calloc (1,
+		sizeof(*_bos) + bos_header.bNumDeviceCaps * sizeof(void *));
+	if (!_bos)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+
+	usbi_parse_descriptor(buffer, "bbwb", _bos, host_endian);
+	buffer += bos_header.bLength;
+	size -= bos_header.bLength;
+
+	/* Get the device capability descriptors */
+	for (i = 0; i < bos_header.bNumDeviceCaps; i++) {
+		if (size < LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_SIZE) {
+			usbi_warn(ctx, "short dev-cap descriptor read %d/%d",
+				  size, LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_SIZE);
+			break;
+		}
+		usbi_parse_descriptor(buffer, "bbb", &dev_cap, host_endian);
+		if (dev_cap.bDescriptorType != LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_CAPABILITY) {
+			usbi_warn(ctx, "unexpected descriptor %x (expected %x)",
+				  dev_cap.bDescriptorType, LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_CAPABILITY);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (dev_cap.bLength < LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_SIZE) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "invalid dev-cap bLength (%d)",
+				 dev_cap.bLength);
+			libusb_free_bos_descriptor(_bos);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+		}
+		if (dev_cap.bLength > size) {
+			usbi_warn(ctx, "short dev-cap descriptor read %d/%d",
+				  size, dev_cap.bLength);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		_bos->dev_capability[i] = malloc(dev_cap.bLength);
+		if (!_bos->dev_capability[i]) {
+			libusb_free_bos_descriptor(_bos);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+		}
+		memcpy(_bos->dev_capability[i], buffer, dev_cap.bLength);
+		buffer += dev_cap.bLength;
+		size -= dev_cap.bLength;
+	}
+	_bos->bNumDeviceCaps = (uint8_t)i;
+	*bos = _bos;
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Get a Binary Object Store (BOS) descriptor
+ * This is a BLOCKING function, which will send requests to the device.
+ *
+ * \param handle the handle of an open libusb device
+ * \param bos output location for the BOS descriptor. Only valid if 0 was returned.
+ * Must be freed with \ref libusb_free_bos_descriptor() after use.
+ * \returns 0 on success
+ * \returns LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND if the device doesn't have a BOS descriptor
+ * \returns another LIBUSB_ERROR code on error
+ */
+int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_bos_descriptor(libusb_device_handle *handle,
+	struct libusb_bos_descriptor **bos)
+{
+	struct libusb_bos_descriptor _bos;
+	uint8_t bos_header[LIBUSB_DT_BOS_SIZE] = {0};
+	unsigned char *bos_data = NULL;
+	const int host_endian = 0;
+	int r;
+
+	/* Read the BOS. This generates 2 requests on the bus,
+	 * one for the header, and one for the full BOS */
+	r = libusb_get_descriptor(handle, LIBUSB_DT_BOS, 0, bos_header,
+				  LIBUSB_DT_BOS_SIZE);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		if (r != LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE)
+			usbi_err(handle->dev->ctx, "failed to read BOS (%d)", r);
+		return r;
+	}
+	if (r < LIBUSB_DT_BOS_SIZE) {
+		usbi_err(handle->dev->ctx, "short BOS read %d/%d",
+			 r, LIBUSB_DT_BOS_SIZE);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+
+	usbi_parse_descriptor(bos_header, "bbwb", &_bos, host_endian);
+	usbi_dbg("found BOS descriptor: size %d bytes, %d capabilities",
+		 _bos.wTotalLength, _bos.bNumDeviceCaps);
+	bos_data = calloc(_bos.wTotalLength, 1);
+	if (bos_data == NULL)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+
+	r = libusb_get_descriptor(handle, LIBUSB_DT_BOS, 0, bos_data,
+				  _bos.wTotalLength);
+	if (r >= 0)
+		r = parse_bos(handle->dev->ctx, bos, bos_data, r, host_endian);
+	else
+		usbi_err(handle->dev->ctx, "failed to read BOS (%d)", r);
+
+	free(bos_data);
+	return r;
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Free a BOS descriptor obtained from libusb_get_bos_descriptor().
+ * It is safe to call this function with a NULL bos parameter, in which
+ * case the function simply returns.
+ *
+ * \param bos the BOS descriptor to free
+ */
+void API_EXPORTED libusb_free_bos_descriptor(struct libusb_bos_descriptor *bos)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!bos)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < bos->bNumDeviceCaps; i++)
+		free(bos->dev_capability[i]);
+	free(bos);
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Get an USB 2.0 Extension descriptor
+ *
+ * \param ctx the context to operate on, or NULL for the default context
+ * \param dev_cap Device Capability descriptor with a bDevCapabilityType of
+ * \ref libusb_capability_type::LIBUSB_BT_USB_2_0_EXTENSION
+ * LIBUSB_BT_USB_2_0_EXTENSION
+ * \param usb_2_0_extension output location for the USB 2.0 Extension
+ * descriptor. Only valid if 0 was returned. Must be freed with
+ * libusb_free_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor() after use.
+ * \returns 0 on success
+ * \returns a LIBUSB_ERROR code on error
+ */
+int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor(
+	struct libusb_context *ctx,
+	struct libusb_bos_dev_capability_descriptor *dev_cap,
+	struct libusb_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor **usb_2_0_extension)
+{
+	struct libusb_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor *_usb_2_0_extension;
+	const int host_endian = 0;
+
+	if (dev_cap->bDevCapabilityType != LIBUSB_BT_USB_2_0_EXTENSION) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "unexpected bDevCapabilityType %x (expected %x)",
+			 dev_cap->bDevCapabilityType,
+			 LIBUSB_BT_USB_2_0_EXTENSION);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+	if (dev_cap->bLength < LIBUSB_BT_USB_2_0_EXTENSION_SIZE) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "short dev-cap descriptor read %d/%d",
+			 dev_cap->bLength, LIBUSB_BT_USB_2_0_EXTENSION_SIZE);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+
+	_usb_2_0_extension = malloc(sizeof(*_usb_2_0_extension));
+	if (!_usb_2_0_extension)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+
+	usbi_parse_descriptor((unsigned char *)dev_cap, "bbbd",
+			      _usb_2_0_extension, host_endian);
+
+	*usb_2_0_extension = _usb_2_0_extension;
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Free a USB 2.0 Extension descriptor obtained from
+ * libusb_get_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor().
+ * It is safe to call this function with a NULL usb_2_0_extension parameter,
+ * in which case the function simply returns.
+ *
+ * \param usb_2_0_extension the USB 2.0 Extension descriptor to free
+ */
+void API_EXPORTED libusb_free_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor(
+	struct libusb_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor *usb_2_0_extension)
+{
+	free(usb_2_0_extension);
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Get a SuperSpeed USB Device Capability descriptor
+ *
+ * \param ctx the context to operate on, or NULL for the default context
+ * \param dev_cap Device Capability descriptor with a bDevCapabilityType of
+ * \ref libusb_capability_type::LIBUSB_BT_SS_USB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY
+ * LIBUSB_BT_SS_USB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY
+ * \param ss_usb_device_cap output location for the SuperSpeed USB Device
+ * Capability descriptor. Only valid if 0 was returned. Must be freed with
+ * libusb_free_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor() after use.
+ * \returns 0 on success
+ * \returns a LIBUSB_ERROR code on error
+ */
+int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor(
+	struct libusb_context *ctx,
+	struct libusb_bos_dev_capability_descriptor *dev_cap,
+	struct libusb_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor **ss_usb_device_cap)
+{
+	struct libusb_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor *_ss_usb_device_cap;
+	const int host_endian = 0;
+
+	if (dev_cap->bDevCapabilityType != LIBUSB_BT_SS_USB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "unexpected bDevCapabilityType %x (expected %x)",
+			 dev_cap->bDevCapabilityType,
+			 LIBUSB_BT_SS_USB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+	if (dev_cap->bLength < LIBUSB_BT_SS_USB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_SIZE) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "short dev-cap descriptor read %d/%d",
+			 dev_cap->bLength, LIBUSB_BT_SS_USB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_SIZE);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+
+	_ss_usb_device_cap = malloc(sizeof(*_ss_usb_device_cap));
+	if (!_ss_usb_device_cap)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+
+	usbi_parse_descriptor((unsigned char *)dev_cap, "bbbbwbbw",
+			      _ss_usb_device_cap, host_endian);
+
+	*ss_usb_device_cap = _ss_usb_device_cap;
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Free a SuperSpeed USB Device Capability descriptor obtained from
+ * libusb_get_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor().
+ * It is safe to call this function with a NULL ss_usb_device_cap
+ * parameter, in which case the function simply returns.
+ *
+ * \param ss_usb_device_cap the USB 2.0 Extension descriptor to free
+ */
+void API_EXPORTED libusb_free_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor(
+	struct libusb_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor *ss_usb_device_cap)
+{
+	free(ss_usb_device_cap);
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Get a Container ID descriptor
+ *
+ * \param ctx the context to operate on, or NULL for the default context
+ * \param dev_cap Device Capability descriptor with a bDevCapabilityType of
+ * \ref libusb_capability_type::LIBUSB_BT_CONTAINER_ID
+ * LIBUSB_BT_CONTAINER_ID
+ * \param container_id output location for the Container ID descriptor.
+ * Only valid if 0 was returned. Must be freed with
+ * libusb_free_container_id_descriptor() after use.
+ * \returns 0 on success
+ * \returns a LIBUSB_ERROR code on error
+ */
+int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_container_id_descriptor(struct libusb_context *ctx,
+	struct libusb_bos_dev_capability_descriptor *dev_cap,
+	struct libusb_container_id_descriptor **container_id)
+{
+	struct libusb_container_id_descriptor *_container_id;
+	const int host_endian = 0;
+
+	if (dev_cap->bDevCapabilityType != LIBUSB_BT_CONTAINER_ID) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "unexpected bDevCapabilityType %x (expected %x)",
+			 dev_cap->bDevCapabilityType,
+			 LIBUSB_BT_CONTAINER_ID);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+	if (dev_cap->bLength < LIBUSB_BT_CONTAINER_ID_SIZE) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "short dev-cap descriptor read %d/%d",
+			 dev_cap->bLength, LIBUSB_BT_CONTAINER_ID_SIZE);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+
+	_container_id = malloc(sizeof(*_container_id));
+	if (!_container_id)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+
+	usbi_parse_descriptor((unsigned char *)dev_cap, "bbbbu",
+			      _container_id, host_endian);
+
+	*container_id = _container_id;
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Free a Container ID descriptor obtained from
+ * libusb_get_container_id_descriptor().
+ * It is safe to call this function with a NULL container_id parameter,
+ * in which case the function simply returns.
+ *
+ * \param container_id the USB 2.0 Extension descriptor to free
+ */
+void API_EXPORTED libusb_free_container_id_descriptor(
+	struct libusb_container_id_descriptor *container_id)
+{
+	free(container_id);
+}
+
+/** \ingroup desc
+ * Retrieve a string descriptor in C style ASCII.
+ *
+ * Wrapper around libusb_get_string_descriptor(). Uses the first language
+ * supported by the device.
+ *
+ * \param dev a device handle
+ * \param desc_index the index of the descriptor to retrieve
+ * \param data output buffer for ASCII string descriptor
+ * \param length size of data buffer
+ * \returns number of bytes returned in data, or LIBUSB_ERROR code on failure
+ */
+int API_EXPORTED libusb_get_string_descriptor_ascii(libusb_device_handle *dev,
+	uint8_t desc_index, unsigned char *data, int length)
+{
+	unsigned char tbuf[255]; /* Some devices choke on size > 255 */
+	int r, si, di;
+	uint16_t langid;
+
+	/* Asking for the zero'th index is special - it returns a string
+	 * descriptor that contains all the language IDs supported by the
+	 * device. Typically there aren't many - often only one. Language
+	 * IDs are 16 bit numbers, and they start at the third byte in the
+	 * descriptor. There's also no point in trying to read descriptor 0
+	 * with this function. See USB 2.0 specification section 9.6.7 for
+	 * more information.
+	 */
+
+	if (desc_index == 0)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+	r = libusb_get_string_descriptor(dev, 0, 0, tbuf, sizeof(tbuf));
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+
+	if (r < 4)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+
+	langid = tbuf[2] | (tbuf[3] << 8);
+
+	r = libusb_get_string_descriptor(dev, desc_index, langid, tbuf,
+		sizeof(tbuf));
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+
+	if (tbuf[1] != LIBUSB_DT_STRING)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+
+	if (tbuf[0] > r)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+
+	for (di = 0, si = 2; si < tbuf[0]; si += 2) {
+		if (di >= (length - 1))
+			break;
+
+		if ((tbuf[si] & 0x80) || (tbuf[si + 1])) /* non-ASCII */
+			data[di++] = '?';
+		else
+			data[di++] = tbuf[si];
+	}
+
+	data[di] = 0;
+	return di;
+}