libbin 1.0.0 → 1.0.5

data/ext/libbin/half.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef HALF_H
+#define HALF_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+uint32_t half_to_float( uint16_t h );
+uint16_t half_from_float( uint32_t f );
+uint16_t half_add( uint16_t arg0, uint16_t arg1 );
+uint16_t half_mul( uint16_t arg0, uint16_t arg1 );
+
+static inline uint16_t 
+half_sub( uint16_t ha, uint16_t hb ) 
+{
+  // (a-b) is the same as (a+(-b))
+  return half_add( ha, hb ^ 0x8000 );
+}
+
+#endif /* HALF_H */

data/ext/libbin/libbin_c.c

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#include "ruby.h"
+#include "./half.h"
+#include "./pghalf.h"
+
+union float_u {
+	float f;
+	uint32_t i;
+};
+
+static VALUE pghalf_from_string_p(VALUE self, VALUE str, VALUE pack_str) {
+	Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
+	Check_Type(pack_str, T_STRING);
+	VALUE arr = rb_funcall(str, rb_intern("unpack"), 1, pack_str);
+	uint16_t val = NUM2USHORT(rb_funcall(arr, rb_intern("first"), 0));
+	union float_u res;
+
+	res.i = pghalf_to_float(val);
+	return DBL2NUM(res.f);
+}
+
+static VALUE half_from_string_p(VALUE self, VALUE str, VALUE pack_str) {
+	Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
+	Check_Type(pack_str, T_STRING);
+	VALUE arr = rb_funcall(str, rb_intern("unpack"), 1, pack_str);
+	uint16_t val = NUM2USHORT(rb_funcall(arr, rb_intern("first"), 0));
+	union float_u res;
+
+	res.i = half_to_float(val);
+	return DBL2NUM(res.f);
+}
+
+static VALUE pghalf_to_string_p(VALUE self, VALUE number, VALUE pack_str) {
+	Check_Type(number, T_FLOAT);
+	union float_u val;
+	uint16_t res;
+
+	val.f = NUM2DBL(number);
+	res = pghalf_from_float(val.i);
+	VALUE arr = rb_ary_new3(1, UINT2NUM(res) );
+
+	return rb_funcall(arr, rb_intern("pack"), 1, pack_str);
+}
+
+static VALUE half_to_string_p(VALUE self, VALUE number, VALUE pack_str) {
+	Check_Type(number, T_FLOAT);
+	union float_u val;
+	uint16_t res;
+
+	val.f = NUM2DBL(number);
+	res = half_from_float(val.i);
+	VALUE arr = rb_ary_new3(1, UINT2NUM(res) );
+
+	return rb_funcall(arr, rb_intern("pack"), 1, pack_str);
+}
+
+void Init_libbin_c() {
+	ID id;
+	VALUE mod;
+	id = rb_intern("LibBin");
+	mod = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id);
+	rb_define_module_function(mod, "half_from_string", half_from_string_p, 2);
+	rb_define_module_function(mod, "half_to_string", half_to_string_p, 2);
+	rb_define_module_function(mod, "pghalf_from_string", pghalf_from_string_p, 2);
+	rb_define_module_function(mod, "pghalf_to_string", pghalf_to_string_p, 2);
+}

data/ext/libbin/pghalf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+// Branch-free implementation of half-precision (16 bit) floating point
+// Copyright 2006 Mike Acton <macton@gmail.com>
+// Copyright 2019 Brice Videau <brice.videau@gmail.com>
+// 
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a 
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+// to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+// the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, 
+// and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the 
+// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+// 
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included 
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+// 
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE
+//
+// PlatinumGames Half-precision floating point format
+// ------------------------------------
+//
+//   | Field    | Last | First | Note
+//   |----------|------|-------|----------
+//   | Sign     | 15   | 15    |
+//   | Exponent | 14   | 9     | Bias = 47
+//   | Mantissa | 8    | 0     |
+//
+// Compiling
+// ---------
+//
+//  Preferred compile flags for GCC: 
+//     -O3 -fstrict-aliasing -std=c99 -pedantic -Wall -Wstrict-aliasing
+//
+//     This file is a C99 source file, intended to be compiled with a C99 
+//     compliant compiler. However, for the moment it remains combatible
+//     with C++98. Therefore if you are using a compiler that poorly implements
+//     C standards (e.g. MSVC), it may be compiled as C++. This is not
+//     guaranteed for future versions. 
+//
+
+#include "pghalf.h"
+
+// Load immediate
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_li( uint32_t a )
+{
+  return (a);
+}
+
+// Decrement
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_dec( uint32_t a )
+{
+  return (a - 1);
+}
+
+// Increment
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_inc( uint32_t a )
+{
+  return (a + 1);
+}
+
+// Complement
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_not( uint32_t a )
+{
+  return (~a);
+}
+
+// Negate
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_neg( uint32_t a )
+{
+  return (-a);
+}
+
+// Extend sign
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_ext( uint32_t a )
+{
+  return (((int32_t)a)>>31);
+}
+
+// And
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_and( uint32_t a, uint32_t b )
+{
+  return (a & b);
+}
+
+// Exclusive Or
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_xor( uint32_t a, uint32_t b )
+{
+  return (a ^ b);
+}
+
+// And with Complement
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_andc( uint32_t a, uint32_t b )
+{
+  return (a & ~b);
+}
+
+// Or
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_or( uint32_t a, uint32_t b )
+{
+  return (a | b);
+}
+
+// Shift Right Logical
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_srl( uint32_t a, int sa )
+{
+  return (a >> sa);
+}
+
+// Shift Left Logical
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_sll( uint32_t a, int sa )
+{
+  return (a << sa);
+}
+
+// Add
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_add( uint32_t a, uint32_t b )
+{
+  return (a + b);
+}
+
+// Subtract
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_sub( uint32_t a, uint32_t b )
+{
+  return (a - b);
+}
+
+// Multiply
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_mul( uint32_t a, uint32_t b )
+{
+  return (a * b);
+}
+
+// Select on Sign bit
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_sels( uint32_t test, uint32_t a, uint32_t b )
+{
+  const uint32_t mask   = _uint32_ext( test );
+  const uint32_t sel_a  = _uint32_and(  a,     mask  );
+  const uint32_t sel_b  = _uint32_andc( b,     mask  );
+  const uint32_t result = _uint32_or(   sel_a, sel_b );
+
+  return (result);
+}
+
+// Select Bits on mask
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_selb( uint32_t mask, uint32_t a, uint32_t b )
+{
+  const uint32_t sel_a  = _uint32_and(  a,     mask  );
+  const uint32_t sel_b  = _uint32_andc( b,     mask  );
+  const uint32_t result = _uint32_or(   sel_a, sel_b );
+
+  return (result);
+}
+
+// Load Immediate
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_li( uint16_t a )
+{
+  return (a);
+}
+
+// Extend sign
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_ext( uint16_t a )
+{
+  return (((int16_t)a)>>15);
+}
+
+// Negate
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_neg( uint16_t a )
+{
+  return (-a);
+}
+
+// Complement
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_not( uint16_t a )
+{
+  return (~a);
+}
+
+// Decrement
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_dec( uint16_t a )
+{
+  return (a - 1);
+}
+
+// Shift Left Logical
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_sll( uint16_t a, int sa )
+{
+  return (a << sa);
+}
+
+// Shift Right Logical
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_srl( uint16_t a, int sa )
+{
+  return (a >> sa);
+}
+
+// Add
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_add( uint16_t a, uint16_t b )
+{
+  return (a + b);
+}
+
+// Subtract
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_sub( uint16_t a, uint16_t b )
+{
+  return (a - b);
+}
+
+// And
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_and( uint16_t a, uint16_t b )
+{
+  return (a & b);
+}
+
+// Or
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_or( uint16_t a, uint16_t b )
+{
+  return (a | b);
+}
+
+// Exclusive Or
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_xor( uint16_t a, uint16_t b )
+{
+  return (a ^ b);
+}
+
+// And with Complement
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_andc( uint16_t a, uint16_t b )
+{
+  return (a & ~b);
+}
+
+// And then Shift Right Logical
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_andsrl( uint16_t a, uint16_t b, int sa )
+{
+  return ((a & b) >> sa);
+}
+
+// Shift Right Logical then Mask
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_srlm( uint16_t a, int sa, uint16_t mask )
+{
+  return ((a >> sa) & mask);
+}
+
+// Add then Mask
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_addm( uint16_t a, uint16_t b, uint16_t mask )
+{
+  return ((a + b) & mask);
+}
+
+
+// Select on Sign bit
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_sels( uint16_t test, uint16_t a, uint16_t b )
+{
+  const uint16_t mask   = _uint16_ext( test );
+  const uint16_t sel_a  = _uint16_and(  a,     mask  );
+  const uint16_t sel_b  = _uint16_andc( b,     mask  );
+  const uint16_t result = _uint16_or(   sel_a, sel_b );
+
+  return (result);
+}
+
+// Count Leading Zeros
+static inline uint32_t _uint32_cntlz( uint32_t x )
+{
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  /* NOTE: __builtin_clz is undefined for x == 0 */
+  /* On PowerPC, this will map to insn: cntlzw   */
+  /* On Pentium, this will map to insn: clz      */
+  uint32_t is_x_nez_msb = _uint32_neg( x );
+  uint32_t nlz          = __builtin_clz( x );
+  uint32_t result       = _uint32_sels( is_x_nez_msb, nlz, 0x00000020 );
+  return (result);
+#else
+  const uint32_t x0  = _uint32_srl(  x,  1 );
+  const uint32_t x1  = _uint32_or(   x,  x0 );
+  const uint32_t x2  = _uint32_srl(  x1, 2 );
+  const uint32_t x3  = _uint32_or(   x1, x2 );
+  const uint32_t x4  = _uint32_srl(  x3, 4 );
+  const uint32_t x5  = _uint32_or(   x3, x4 );
+  const uint32_t x6  = _uint32_srl(  x5, 8 );
+  const uint32_t x7  = _uint32_or(   x5, x6 );
+  const uint32_t x8  = _uint32_srl(  x7, 16 );
+  const uint32_t x9  = _uint32_or(   x7, x8 );
+  const uint32_t xA  = _uint32_not(  x9 );
+  const uint32_t xB  = _uint32_srl(  xA, 1 );
+  const uint32_t xC  = _uint32_and(  xB, 0x55555555 );
+  const uint32_t xD  = _uint32_sub(  xA, xC );
+  const uint32_t xE  = _uint32_and(  xD, 0x33333333 );
+  const uint32_t xF  = _uint32_srl(  xD, 2 );
+  const uint32_t x10 = _uint32_and(  xF, 0x33333333 );
+  const uint32_t x11 = _uint32_add(  xE, x10 );
+  const uint32_t x12 = _uint32_srl(  x11, 4 );
+  const uint32_t x13 = _uint32_add(  x11, x12 );
+  const uint32_t x14 = _uint32_and(  x13, 0x0f0f0f0f );
+  const uint32_t x15 = _uint32_srl(  x14, 8 );
+  const uint32_t x16 = _uint32_add(  x14, x15 );
+  const uint32_t x17 = _uint32_srl(  x16, 16 );
+  const uint32_t x18 = _uint32_add(  x16, x17 );
+  const uint32_t x19 = _uint32_and(  x18, 0x0000003f );
+  return ( x19 );
+#endif
+}
+
+// Count Leading Zeros
+static inline uint16_t _uint16_cntlz( uint16_t x )
+{
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  uint16_t nlz32 = (uint16_t)_uint32_cntlz( (uint32_t)x );
+  uint32_t nlz   = _uint32_sub( nlz32, 16 );
+  return (nlz);
+#else
+  const uint16_t x0  = _uint16_srl(  x,  1 );
+  const uint16_t x1  = _uint16_or(   x,  x0 );
+  const uint16_t x2  = _uint16_srl(  x1, 2 );
+  const uint16_t x3  = _uint16_or(   x1, x2 );
+  const uint16_t x4  = _uint16_srl(  x3, 4 );
+  const uint16_t x5  = _uint16_or(   x3, x4 );
+  const uint16_t x6  = _uint16_srl(  x5, 8 );
+  const uint16_t x7  = _uint16_or(   x5, x6 );
+  const uint16_t x8  = _uint16_not(  x7 );
+  const uint16_t x9  = _uint16_srlm( x8, 1, 0x5555 );
+  const uint16_t xA  = _uint16_sub(  x8, x9 );
+  const uint16_t xB  = _uint16_and(  xA, 0x3333 );
+  const uint16_t xC  = _uint16_srlm( xA, 2, 0x3333 );
+  const uint16_t xD  = _uint16_add(  xB, xC );
+  const uint16_t xE  = _uint16_srl(  xD, 4 );
+  const uint16_t xF  = _uint16_addm( xD, xE, 0x0f0f );
+  const uint16_t x10 = _uint16_srl(  xF, 8 );
+  const uint16_t x11 = _uint16_addm( xF, x10, 0x001f );
+  return ( x11 );
+#endif
+}
+
+uint16_t
+pghalf_from_float( uint32_t f )
+{
+  const uint32_t one                        = _uint32_li( 0x00000001 );
+  const uint32_t f_s_mask                   = _uint32_li( 0x80000000 ); //bit 31
+  const uint32_t f_e_mask                   = _uint32_li( 0x7f800000 ); //bits 30-23
+  const uint32_t f_m_mask                   = _uint32_li( 0x007fffff ); //bits 22-0
+  const uint32_t f_m_hidden_bit             = _uint32_li( 0x00800000 ); //1<<f_e_pos
+  const uint32_t f_m_round_bit              = _uint32_li( 0x00002000 ); //1<<(f_e_pos - h_e_pos - 1)
+  const uint32_t f_snan_mask                = _uint32_li( 0x7fc00000 ); //f_e_mask + 1 << (f_e_pos - 1)
+  const uint32_t f_e_pos                    = _uint32_li( 0x00000017 ); //23
+  const uint32_t h_e_pos                    = _uint32_li( 0x00000009 ); //9
+  const uint32_t h_e_mask                   = _uint32_li( 0x00007e00 ); //bits 14-9
+  const uint32_t h_snan_mask                = _uint32_li( 0x00007f00 ); //h_e_mask + 1 << (h_e_pos - 1)
+  const uint32_t h_e_mask_value             = _uint32_li( 0x0000003f ); //h_e_mask >> 9
+  const uint32_t f_h_s_pos_offset           = _uint32_li( 0x00000010 ); //f_s_pos - h_s_pos
+  const uint32_t f_h_bias_offset            = _uint32_li( 0x00000050 ); //f_bias - h_bias
+  const uint32_t f_h_m_pos_offset           = _uint32_li( 0x0000000e ); //f_e_pos - h_e_pos
+  const uint32_t h_nan_min                  = _uint32_li( 0x00007e01 ); //h_e_mask + 1
+  const uint32_t f_h_e_biased_flag          = _uint32_li( 0x000000af ); //f_bias + h_bias + 1
+  const uint32_t f_s                        = _uint32_and( f,               f_s_mask         );
+  const uint32_t f_e                        = _uint32_and( f,               f_e_mask         );
+  const uint16_t h_s                        = _uint32_srl( f_s,             f_h_s_pos_offset );
+  const uint32_t f_m                        = _uint32_and( f,               f_m_mask         );
+  const uint16_t f_e_amount                 = _uint32_srl( f_e,             f_e_pos          );
+  const uint32_t f_e_half_bias              = _uint32_sub( f_e_amount,      f_h_bias_offset  );
+  const uint32_t f_snan                     = _uint32_and( f,               f_snan_mask      );
+  const uint32_t f_m_round_mask             = _uint32_and( f_m,             f_m_round_bit    );
+  const uint32_t f_m_round_offset           = _uint32_sll( f_m_round_mask,  one              );
+  const uint32_t f_m_rounded                = _uint32_add( f_m,             f_m_round_offset );
+  const uint32_t f_m_denorm_sa              = _uint32_sub( one,             f_e_half_bias    );
+  const uint32_t f_m_with_hidden            = _uint32_or(  f_m_rounded,     f_m_hidden_bit   );
+  const uint32_t f_m_denorm                 = _uint32_srl( f_m_with_hidden, f_m_denorm_sa    );
+  const uint32_t h_m_denorm                 = _uint32_srl( f_m_denorm,      f_h_m_pos_offset );
+  const uint32_t f_m_rounded_overflow       = _uint32_and( f_m_rounded,     f_m_hidden_bit   );
+  const uint32_t m_nan                      = _uint32_srl( f_m,             f_h_m_pos_offset );
+  const uint32_t h_em_nan                   = _uint32_or(  h_e_mask,        m_nan            );
+  const uint32_t h_e_norm_overflow_offset   = _uint32_inc( f_e_half_bias );
+  const uint32_t h_e_norm_overflow          = _uint32_sll( h_e_norm_overflow_offset, h_e_pos          );
+  const uint32_t h_e_norm                   = _uint32_sll( f_e_half_bias,            h_e_pos          );
+  const uint32_t h_m_norm                   = _uint32_srl( f_m_rounded,              f_h_m_pos_offset );
+  const uint32_t h_em_norm                  = _uint32_or(  h_e_norm,                 h_m_norm         );
+  const uint32_t is_h_ndenorm_msb           = _uint32_sub( f_h_bias_offset,   f_e_amount    );
+  const uint32_t is_f_e_flagged_msb         = _uint32_sub( f_h_e_biased_flag, f_e_half_bias );
+  const uint32_t is_h_denorm_msb            = _uint32_not( is_h_ndenorm_msb );
+  const uint32_t is_f_m_eqz_msb             = _uint32_dec( f_m   );
+  const uint32_t is_h_nan_eqz_msb           = _uint32_dec( m_nan );
+  const uint32_t is_f_inf_msb               = _uint32_and( is_f_e_flagged_msb, is_f_m_eqz_msb   );
+  const uint32_t is_f_nan_underflow_msb     = _uint32_and( is_f_e_flagged_msb, is_h_nan_eqz_msb );
+  const uint32_t is_e_overflow_msb          = _uint32_sub( h_e_mask_value,     f_e_half_bias    );
+  const uint32_t is_h_inf_msb               = _uint32_or(  is_e_overflow_msb,  is_f_inf_msb     );
+  const uint32_t is_f_nsnan_msb             = _uint32_sub( f_snan,             f_snan_mask      );
+  const uint32_t is_m_norm_overflow_msb     = _uint32_neg( f_m_rounded_overflow );
+  const uint32_t is_f_snan_msb              = _uint32_not( is_f_nsnan_msb );
+  const uint32_t h_em_overflow_result       = _uint32_sels( is_m_norm_overflow_msb, h_e_norm_overflow, h_em_norm                 );
+  const uint32_t h_em_nan_result            = _uint32_sels( is_f_e_flagged_msb,     h_em_nan,          h_em_overflow_result      );
+  const uint32_t h_em_nan_underflow_result  = _uint32_sels( is_f_nan_underflow_msb, h_nan_min,         h_em_nan_result           );
+  const uint32_t h_em_inf_result            = _uint32_sels( is_h_inf_msb,           h_e_mask,          h_em_nan_underflow_result );
+  const uint32_t h_em_denorm_result         = _uint32_sels( is_h_denorm_msb,        h_m_denorm,        h_em_inf_result           );
+  const uint32_t h_em_snan_result           = _uint32_sels( is_f_snan_msb,          h_snan_mask,       h_em_denorm_result        );
+  const uint32_t h_result                   = _uint32_or( h_s, h_em_snan_result );
+
+  return (uint16_t)(h_result);
+}
+
+uint32_t 
+pghalf_to_float( uint16_t h )
+{
+  const uint32_t h_e_mask              = _uint32_li( 0x00007e00 ); //bits 14-9
+  const uint32_t h_m_mask              = _uint32_li( 0x000001ff ); //bits 8-0
+  const uint32_t h_s_mask              = _uint32_li( 0x00008000 ); //bit 15
+  const uint32_t h_f_s_pos_offset      = _uint32_li( 0x00000010 ); //f_s_pos - h_s_pos
+  const uint32_t h_f_e_pos_offset      = _uint32_li( 0x0000000e ); //f_m_bitcount - h_m_bitcount
+  const uint32_t h_f_bias_offset       = _uint32_li( 0x0000a000 ); //(f_bias - h_bias) << 9
+  const uint32_t f_e_mask              = _uint32_li( 0x7f800000 ); //bits 30-23
+  const uint32_t f_m_mask              = _uint32_li( 0x007fffff ); //bits 22-0
+  const uint32_t h_f_e_denorm_bias     = _uint32_li( 0x0000005f ); //h_f_e_pos_offset + 1 + (f_bias - h_bias)
+  const uint32_t h_f_m_denorm_sa_bias  = _uint32_li( 0x00000008 ); //float exp bit count
+  const uint32_t f_e_pos               = _uint32_li( 0x00000017 ); //23
+  const uint32_t h_e_mask_minus_one    = _uint32_li( 0x00007dff ); //h_e_mask + h_m_mask - 1<<h_e_pos
+  const uint32_t h_e                   = _uint32_and( h, h_e_mask );
+  const uint32_t h_m                   = _uint32_and( h, h_m_mask );
+  const uint32_t h_s                   = _uint32_and( h, h_s_mask );
+  const uint32_t h_e_f_bias            = _uint32_add( h_e, h_f_bias_offset );
+  const uint32_t h_m_nlz               = _uint32_cntlz( h_m );
+  const uint32_t f_s                   = _uint32_sll( h_s,        h_f_s_pos_offset );
+  const uint32_t f_e                   = _uint32_sll( h_e_f_bias, h_f_e_pos_offset );
+  const uint32_t f_m                   = _uint32_sll( h_m,        h_f_e_pos_offset );
+  const uint32_t f_em                  = _uint32_or(  f_e,        f_m              );
+  const uint32_t h_f_m_sa              = _uint32_sub( h_m_nlz,             h_f_m_denorm_sa_bias );
+  const uint32_t f_e_denorm_unpacked   = _uint32_sub( h_f_e_denorm_bias,   h_f_m_sa             );
+  const uint32_t h_f_m                 = _uint32_sll( h_m,                 h_f_m_sa             );
+  const uint32_t f_m_denorm            = _uint32_and( h_f_m,               f_m_mask             );
+  const uint32_t f_e_denorm            = _uint32_sll( f_e_denorm_unpacked, f_e_pos              );
+  const uint32_t f_em_denorm           = _uint32_or(  f_e_denorm,          f_m_denorm           );
+  const uint32_t f_em_nan              = _uint32_or(  f_e_mask,            f_m                  );
+  const uint32_t is_e_eqz_msb          = _uint32_dec(  h_e );
+  const uint32_t is_m_nez_msb          = _uint32_neg(  h_m );
+  const uint32_t is_e_flagged_msb      = _uint32_sub(  h_e_mask_minus_one, h_e );
+  const uint32_t is_zero_msb           = _uint32_andc( is_e_eqz_msb,       is_m_nez_msb );
+  const uint32_t is_inf_msb            = _uint32_andc( is_e_flagged_msb,   is_m_nez_msb );
+  const uint32_t is_denorm_msb         = _uint32_and(  is_m_nez_msb,       is_e_eqz_msb );
+  const uint32_t is_nan_msb            = _uint32_and(  is_e_flagged_msb,   is_m_nez_msb ); 
+  const uint32_t is_zero               = _uint32_ext(  is_zero_msb );
+  const uint32_t f_zero_result         = _uint32_andc( f_em, is_zero );
+  const uint32_t f_denorm_result       = _uint32_sels( is_denorm_msb, f_em_denorm, f_zero_result );
+  const uint32_t f_inf_result          = _uint32_sels( is_inf_msb,    f_e_mask,    f_denorm_result );
+  const uint32_t f_nan_result          = _uint32_sels( is_nan_msb,    f_em_nan,    f_inf_result    );
+  const uint32_t f_result              = _uint32_or( f_s, f_nan_result );
+ 
+  return (f_result);
+}