lgpio 0.1.4 → 0.1.6

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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data/README.md

@@ -1,34 +1,52 @@
 # lgpio
 
-Ruby bindings for the [lgpio (lg)](https://github.com/joan2937/lg) Linux library, running on single board computers (SBCs), like Raspberry Pi.
+Ruby gem with bindings for the [lgpio (lg)](https://github.com/joan2937/lg) C library. This is for single-board-computers (SBCs) running Linux, such as Orange Pi, Raspberry Pi, etc. It provides low-level access to the GPIO, I2C, SPI, and PWM subsytems.
+
+## Standard LGPIO Features
 
-## Standard LGPIO Functions
 - [x] GPIO Read/Write
 - [x] GPIO Group Read/Write
-- [x] GPIO Alerts / Callbacks
-  - lg generates alerts at high speed, in a separate thread. In Ruby, they can be read from a queue as part of your application loop.
-- [x] PWM Output
-  - Software timed on any pin. No interface for hardware PWM yet.
+- [x] GPIO Alerts
+  - Alerts are generated by a separate thread, and can be read from a queue in Ruby.
+  - No real "callback" functionality.
+- [x] Software PWM Output
+  - Timing not 100% precise, but works on any GPIO.
+  - Not recommended for servo motors, will jitter.
 - [x] Wave
-  - Software timed on any pin, as with PWM.
-- [x] I2C
-- [x] SPI
+  - Software timed on any pin(s), as with PWM.
+- [x] Hardware I2C
+- [x] Hardware SPI
+
+## Extra Features (Built on LGPIO)
+
+- [x] `LGPIO.gpio_read_ultrasonic` sends a pulse on a `trigger` pin, then measures a single pulse on a separate `echo` pin. Used for HC-SR04 or similar. See `examples/hcsr04.rb`.
+- [x] `LGPIO.gpio_read_pulses_us` outputs a reset pulse on a pin, then polls for a sequence of input pulses. Used for DHT enviro sensors or similar. See `examples/dht.rb`.
+- [x] Bit Bang I2C
+- [x] Bit Bang SPI
+- [x] Bit Bang 1-Wire
+- [x] WS2812 addressable LEDs over hardware SPI
+  - Outputs on MOSI/PICO pin
+  - Must be able to set SPI clock frequency to 2.4 MHz
+
+## Hardware PWM Features
+
+These use the sysfs PWM interface, not lgpio C, but are a good fit for this gem.
+
+- [x] Hardware PWM Output
+- [x] Servo (based on hardware PWM)
+- [x] On-off Keying (OOK) Modulated Waves
+  - Carrier generated by hardware PWM. Software modulated with monotonic clock timing.
+  - Useful for sending infrared signals at 38kHz, for example.
 
-## Extras
-- [x] WS2812 over SPI
-  - Only outputs on a SPI MOSI pin. Must be able to set SPI clock frequency to 2.4 MHz.
-- [ ] Bit Bang SPI
-- [ ] Bit Bang I2C
+**Note:** Once hardware PWM is used on a pin, it stays PWM until reboot. The associated GPIO won't work.
 
 ## Installation
 On Debian-based Linuxes (RaspberryPi OS, Armbian, DietPi etc.):
 ```bash
 sudo apt install swig python3-dev python3-setuptools
 
-# NOTE: There's a bug with GPIO numbers > 255.
-# If you need to use those, wget the second URL instead, until that fix is merged.
-wget https://github.com/joan2937/lg/archive/master.zip
-# wget https://github.com/vickash/lg/archive/refs/heads/master.zip
+# Temporary fork of: wget https://github.com/joan2937/lg/archive/master.zip
+wget https://github.com/vickash/lg/archive/refs/heads/master.zip
 
 unzip master.zip
 cd lg-master
@@ -39,17 +57,18 @@ gem install lgpio
 ```
 
 ## Enabling Hardware & Permissions
-Depending on your SBC and Linux distro/version, you may need to manually enable I2C and SPI hardware. You should use the setup or config tool that came with your distro for that.
+Depending on your SBC and Linux distro/version, you may need to manually enable hardware I2C, SPI, and PWM. You should use the config tool that came with your distro for that, if possible.
 
-You may also not have permission to access the GPIO and peripherals. To run without `sudo`, you need read+write permission to some or all of the following devices:
+Even when these are enabled, you may not have permission to access them. To run without `sudo`, you need read+write permission to some or all of the following:
 ```
-/dev/gpiochip* (For GPIO, example: /dev/gpiochip0)
-/dev/i2c-*     (For I2C,  example: /dev/i2c-1)
-/dev/spidev*   (For SPI,  example: /dev/spidev-0.1)
+/dev/gpiochip*          (For GPIO, example: /dev/gpiochip0)
+/dev/i2c-*              (For I2C,  example: /dev/i2c-1)
+/dev/spidev*            (For SPI,  example: /dev/spidev0.1)
+/sys/class/pwm/pwmchip* (For PWM,  example: /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip0)
 ```
 
 ## Documentation
-- See examples folder for demos of every implemented interface.
+- See examples folder for demos of everything implemented.
   - Development was done on an Orange Pi Zero 2W. Your GPIO numbers may be different, so change them.
 - For more info, see the [lgpio C API docs.](https://abyz.me.uk/lg/lgpio.html)
 - As much as possible, the Ruby methods closely follow the C API functions, except:

data/examples/bench_in.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'lgpio'
 
 GPIO_CHIP = 0
-PIN       = 258
+PIN       = 260
 COUNT     = 1000000
 
 chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)

data/examples/bench_out.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'lgpio'
 
 GPIO_CHIP = 0
-PIN       = 260
+PIN       = 272
 COUNT     = 1000000
 
 chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)

data/examples/blink.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'lgpio'
 
 GPIO_CHIP = 0
-LED       = 260
+LED       = 272
 INTERVAL  = 0.25
 
 chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)

data/examples/dht.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+require 'lgpio'
+
+GPIO_CHIP = 0
+DHT_PIN   = 267
+chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)
+#
+# Read a series of pulses input to a GPIO, with an (optional) reset output pulse at start.
+# Arguments in order are:
+#   gpiochip handle
+#   GPIO number
+#   Starting (reset) output pulse time in microseconds (0 for no reset)
+#   Reset pulse level (0 or 1)
+#   Maximum number of pulses to read
+#   Timeout in milliseconds
+#
+data = LGPIO.gpio_read_pulses_us(chip_handle, DHT_PIN, 20_000, 0, 84, 100)
+
+# Handle errors.
+raise "error: DHT sensor not connected" unless data
+raise "LGPIO error: #{data}" if data.class == Integer
+
+# Discard unneeded pulses
+data = data.last(81)
+raise "error: incomplete DHT data" unless data.length == 81
+data = data.first(80)
+
+# Convert to bytes
+bytes = []
+data.each_slice(16) do |b|
+  byte = 0b00000000
+  b.each_slice(2) do |x,y|
+    bit = (y<x) ? 0 : 1
+    byte = (byte << 1) | bit
+  end
+  bytes << byte
+end
+
+# CRC
+crc = bytes[0..3].reduce(0, :+) & 0xFF == bytes[4]
+raise "error: DHT CRC check failed" unless crc
+
+# Convert and display
+temperature = ((bytes[2] << 8) | bytes[3]).to_f / 10
+humidity    = ((bytes[0] << 8) | bytes[1]).to_f / 10
+
+puts "DHT Temperature: #{temperature} \xC2\xB0C"
+puts "DHT Humidity:    #{humidity}  %"

data/examples/group_in.rb

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 require 'lgpio'
 
 GPIO_CHIP   = 0
-BUTTONS     = [258, 256]
-LEDS        = [260, 267]
+BUTTONS     = [259, 267]
+LEDS        = [272, 258]
 INIT_STATE  = [0, 0]
 
 chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)

data/examples/group_out.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'lgpio'
 
 GPIO_CHIP   = 0
-LEDS        = [260, 267]
+LEDS        = [272, 258]
 INIT_STATE  = [0, 0]
 INTERVAL    = 250_000 # 250ms
 TIMES       = 10

data/examples/hcsr04.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#
+# Example showing an HC-S04 ultrasonic distance sensor.
+#
+# NOTE: Some versions of this sensor require 5V power to function properly.
+# If using one of these, use a 5V to 3.3V level shifter between your board and
+# the sensor, at least on the echo pin.
+#
+require 'lgpio'
+
+GPIO_CHIP       = 0
+ECHO_PIN        = 228
+TRIGGER_PIN     = 270
+SPEED_OF_SOUND  = 343.0
+
+chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)
+
+loop do
+  # Arguments in order are:
+  #   chip handle, trigger pin, echo pin, trigger time (us)
+  #
+  # HC-SR04 uses 10 microseconds for trigger. Some others use 20us.
+  #
+  microseconds = LGPIO.gpio_read_ultrasonic(chip_handle, TRIGGER_PIN, ECHO_PIN, 10)
+
+  if microseconds
+    mm = (microseconds / 2000.0) * SPEED_OF_SOUND
+    puts "Distance: #{mm.round} mm"
+  else
+    puts "Cound not read HC-SR04 sensor"
+  end
+  sleep 0.5
+end

data/examples/i2c_aht10.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 require 'lgpio'
 
-I2C_DEV = 2
+I2C_DEV             = 3
+ADDRESS             = 0x38
 POWER_ON_DELAY      = 0.100
 RESET_DELAY         = 0.020
 COMMAND_DELAY       = 0.010
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ SOFT_RESET          = [0xBA]
 INIT_AND_CALIBRATE  = [0xE1, 0x08, 0x00]
 START_MEASUREMENT   = [0xAC, 0x33, 0x00]
 
-aht10_handle = LGPIO.i2c_open(I2C_DEV, 0x38, 0)
+aht10_handle = LGPIO.i2c_open(I2C_DEV, ADDRESS, 0)
 
 # Startup sequence
 sleep(POWER_ON_DELAY)

data/examples/i2c_aht10_zip.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 require 'lgpio'
 
-I2C_DEV = 2
+I2C_DEV             = 3
+ADDRESS             = 0x38
 POWER_ON_DELAY      = 0.100
 RESET_DELAY         = 0.020
 COMMAND_DELAY       = 0.010
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ INIT_AND_CALIBRATE  = [5, 3, 0xE1, 0x08, 0x00, 0]
 START_MEASUREMENT   = [5, 3, 0xAC, 0x33, 0x00, 0]
 READ_SIX            = [4, 6, 0]
 
-aht10_handle = LGPIO.i2c_open(I2C_DEV, 0x38, 0)
+aht10_handle = LGPIO.i2c_open(I2C_DEV, ADDRESS, 0)
 
 # Startup sequence
 sleep(POWER_ON_DELAY)

data/examples/i2c_bitbang-rb_aht10.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+require 'lgpio'
+
+POWER_ON_DELAY      = 0.100
+RESET_DELAY         = 0.020
+COMMAND_DELAY       = 0.010
+MEASURE_DELAY       = 0.080
+DATA_LENGTH         = 6
+SOFT_RESET          = [0xBA]
+INIT_AND_CALIBRATE  = [0xE1, 0x08, 0x00]
+START_MEASUREMENT   = [0xAC, 0x33, 0x00]
+
+GPIO_CHIP = 0
+SCL_PIN   = 228
+SDA_PIN   = 270
+ADDRESS   = 0x38
+
+chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)
+i2c_bb = LGPIO::I2CBitBang.new(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN)
+
+# Startup sequence
+sleep(POWER_ON_DELAY)
+i2c_bb.write(ADDRESS, SOFT_RESET)
+sleep(RESET_DELAY)
+i2c_bb.write(ADDRESS, INIT_AND_CALIBRATE)
+sleep(COMMAND_DELAY)
+
+# Read and close
+i2c_bb.write(ADDRESS, START_MEASUREMENT)
+sleep(MEASURE_DELAY)
+bytes = i2c_bb.read(ADDRESS, DATA_LENGTH)
+
+# Humidity uses the upper 4 bits of the shared byte as its lowest 4 bits.
+h_raw = ((bytes[1] << 16) | (bytes[2] << 8) | (bytes[3])) >> 4
+humidity = (h_raw.to_f / 2**20) * 100
+
+# Temperature uses the lower 4 bits of the shared byte as its highest 4 bits.
+t_raw = ((bytes[3] & 0x0F) << 16) | (bytes[4] << 8) | bytes[5]
+temperature = (t_raw.to_f / 2**20) * 200 - 50
+
+puts "#{Time.now.strftime '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'} - Temperature: #{temperature.round(2)} \xC2\xB0C | Humidity: #{humidity.round(2)} %"

data/examples/i2c_bitbang-rb_ssd1306_bench.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+require 'lgpio'
+
+INIT_ARRAY  = [0, 168, 63, 211, 0, 64, 161, 200, 218, 18, 164, 166, 213, 128, 219, 32, 217, 241, 141, 20, 32, 0, 175]
+START_ARRAY = [0, 33, 0, 127, 34, 0, 7]
+PATTERN_1   = [64] + Array.new(1024) { 0b00110011 }
+PATTERN_2   = [64] + Array.new(1024) { 0b11001100 }
+
+GPIO_CHIP = 0
+SCL_PIN   = 228
+SDA_PIN   = 270
+ADDRESS   = 0x3C
+
+chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)
+i2c_bb = LGPIO::I2CBitBang.new(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN)
+
+i2c_bb.write(ADDRESS, INIT_ARRAY)
+FRAME_COUNT = 400
+
+start = Time.now
+(FRAME_COUNT / 2).times do
+  i2c_bb.write(ADDRESS, START_ARRAY)
+  i2c_bb.write(ADDRESS, PATTERN_1)
+  i2c_bb.write(ADDRESS, START_ARRAY)
+  i2c_bb.write(ADDRESS, PATTERN_2)
+end
+finish = Time.now
+
+LGPIO.chip_close(chip_handle)
+
+fps = FRAME_COUNT / (finish - start)
+# Also calculate C calls per second, using roughly 23 calls per byte written.
+cps = (START_ARRAY.length + ((PATTERN_1.length + PATTERN_2.length) / 2) + 2) * 23 * fps
+cps = (cps / 1000.0).round
+
+puts "SSD1306 benchmark result: #{fps.round(2)} fps | #{cps}k C calls/s"

data/examples/i2c_bitbang_aht10.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+require 'lgpio'
+
+POWER_ON_DELAY      = 0.100
+RESET_DELAY         = 0.020
+COMMAND_DELAY       = 0.010
+MEASURE_DELAY       = 0.080
+DATA_LENGTH         = 6
+SOFT_RESET          = [0xBA]
+INIT_AND_CALIBRATE  = [0xE1, 0x08, 0x00]
+START_MEASUREMENT   = [0xAC, 0x33, 0x00]
+
+GPIO_CHIP = 0
+SCL_PIN   = 228
+SDA_PIN   = 270
+ADDRESS   = 0x38
+
+chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)
+LGPIO.i2c_bb_claim(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN)
+
+# Startup sequence
+sleep(POWER_ON_DELAY)
+LGPIO.i2c_bb_write(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN, ADDRESS, SOFT_RESET)
+sleep(RESET_DELAY)
+LGPIO.i2c_bb_write(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN, ADDRESS, INIT_AND_CALIBRATE)
+sleep(COMMAND_DELAY)
+
+# Read and close
+LGPIO.i2c_bb_write(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN, ADDRESS, START_MEASUREMENT)
+sleep(MEASURE_DELAY)
+bytes = LGPIO.i2c_bb_read(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN, ADDRESS, DATA_LENGTH)
+
+# Humidity uses the upper 4 bits of the shared byte as its lowest 4 bits.
+h_raw = ((bytes[1] << 16) | (bytes[2] << 8) | (bytes[3])) >> 4
+humidity = (h_raw.to_f / 2**20) * 100
+
+# Temperature uses the lower 4 bits of the shared byte as its highest 4 bits.
+t_raw = ((bytes[3] & 0x0F) << 16) | (bytes[4] << 8) | bytes[5]
+temperature = (t_raw.to_f / 2**20) * 200 - 50
+
+puts "#{Time.now.strftime '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'} - Temperature: #{temperature.round(2)} \xC2\xB0C | Humidity: #{humidity.round(2)} %"

data/examples/i2c_bitbang_search.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+require 'lgpio'
+
+GPIO_CHIP = 0
+SCL_PIN   = 228
+SDA_PIN   = 270
+
+chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)
+LGPIO.i2c_bb_claim(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN)
+
+devices = LGPIO.i2c_bb_search(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN)
+
+if devices.empty?
+  puts "No devices found on I2C bus"
+else
+  puts "I2C device addresses found:"
+  devices.each do |address|
+    # Print as hexadecimal.
+    puts "0x#{address.to_s(16).upcase}"
+  end
+end

data/examples/i2c_bitbang_ssd1306_bench.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+require 'lgpio'
+
+INIT_ARRAY  = [0, 168, 63, 211, 0, 64, 161, 200, 218, 18, 164, 166, 213, 128, 219, 32, 217, 241, 141, 20, 32, 0, 175]
+START_ARRAY = [0, 33, 0, 127, 34, 0, 7]
+PATTERN_1   = [64] + Array.new(1024) { 0b00110011 }
+PATTERN_2   = [64] + Array.new(1024) { 0b11001100 }
+
+GPIO_CHIP = 0
+SCL_PIN   = 228
+SDA_PIN   = 270
+ADDRESS   = 0x3C
+
+chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)
+LGPIO.i2c_bb_claim(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN)
+
+LGPIO.i2c_bb_write(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN, ADDRESS, INIT_ARRAY)
+FRAME_COUNT = 400
+
+start = Time.now
+(FRAME_COUNT / 2).times do
+  LGPIO.i2c_bb_write(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN, ADDRESS, START_ARRAY)
+  LGPIO.i2c_bb_write(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN, ADDRESS, PATTERN_1)
+  LGPIO.i2c_bb_write(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN, ADDRESS, START_ARRAY)
+  LGPIO.i2c_bb_write(chip_handle, SCL_PIN, SDA_PIN, ADDRESS, PATTERN_2)
+end
+finish = Time.now
+
+LGPIO.chip_close(chip_handle)
+
+fps = FRAME_COUNT / (finish - start)
+# Also calculate C calls per second, using roughly 23 calls per byte written.
+cps = (START_ARRAY.length + ((PATTERN_1.length + PATTERN_2.length) / 2) + 2) * 23 * fps
+cps = (cps / 1000.0).round
+
+puts "SSD1306 benchmark result: #{fps.round(2)} fps | #{cps}k C calls/s"

data/examples/i2c_ssd1306_bench.rb

@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 require 'lgpio'
 
-I2C_DEV = 2
+I2C_DEV     = 3
+ADDRESS     = 0x3C
 INIT_ARRAY  = [0, 168, 63, 211, 0, 64, 161, 200, 218, 18, 164, 166, 213, 128, 219, 32, 217, 241, 141, 20, 32, 0, 175]
 START_ARRAY = [0, 33, 0, 127, 34, 0, 7]
-BLANK_ARRAY = [64] + Array.new(1024) { 0 }
-FILL_ARRAY  = [64] + Array.new(1024) { 255 }
+PATTERN_1   = [64] + Array.new(1024) { 0b00110011 }
+PATTERN_2   = [64] + Array.new(1024) { 0b11001100 }
 
-ssd1306_handle = LGPIO.i2c_open(I2C_DEV, 0x3C, 0)
+ssd1306_handle = LGPIO.i2c_open(I2C_DEV, ADDRESS, 0)
 LGPIO.i2c_write_device(ssd1306_handle, INIT_ARRAY)
 FRAME_COUNT = 100
 
 start = Time.now
 (FRAME_COUNT / 2).times do
   LGPIO.i2c_write_device(ssd1306_handle, START_ARRAY)
-  LGPIO.i2c_write_device(ssd1306_handle, FILL_ARRAY)
+  LGPIO.i2c_write_device(ssd1306_handle, PATTERN_1)
   LGPIO.i2c_write_device(ssd1306_handle, START_ARRAY)
-  LGPIO.i2c_write_device(ssd1306_handle, BLANK_ARRAY)
+  LGPIO.i2c_write_device(ssd1306_handle, PATTERN_2)
 end
 finish = Time.now
 

data/examples/infrared.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'lgpio'
+
+FREQUENCY   = 38_000
+
+# NEC Raw-Data=0xF708FB04. LSBFIRST, so the binary for each hex digit below is backward.
+CODE =  [ 9000, 500,                                  # Start bit
+          560, 560, 560, 560, 560, 1690, 560, 560,    # 0010 0x4 command
+          560, 560, 560, 560, 560, 560, 560, 560,     # 0000 0x0 command
+          560, 1690, 560, 1690, 560,560, 560, 1690,   # 1101 0xB command inverted
+          560, 1690, 560, 1690, 560, 1690, 560, 1690, # 1111 0xF command inverted
+          560, 560, 560, 560, 560, 560, 560, 1690,    # 0001 0x8 address
+          560, 560, 560, 560, 560, 560, 560, 560,     # 0000 0x0 address
+          560, 1690, 560, 1690, 560, 1690, 560, 560,  # 1110 0x7 address inverted
+          560, 1690, 560, 1690, 560, 1690, 560, 1690, # 1111 0xF address inverted
+          560]                                        # Stop bit
+
+infrared = LGPIO::Infrared.new(0, 2, frequency: FREQUENCY)
+
+loop do
+  infrared.transmit(CODE)
+  sleep 1
+end

data/examples/momentary.rb

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 require 'lgpio'
 
 GPIO_CHIP = 0
-BUTTON    = 258
-LED       = 260
+BUTTON    = 259
+LED       = 272
 
 chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)
 LGPIO.gpio_claim_input(chip_handle, LGPIO::SET_PULL_UP, BUTTON)

data/examples/one_wire_ds18b20.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+require 'lgpio'
+
+GPIO_CHIP = 0
+PIN       = 256
+PARASITE  = false
+
+chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)
+one_wire = LGPIO::OneWire.new(chip_handle, PIN)
+
+one_wire.reset
+# Skip ROM
+one_wire.write([LGPIO::OneWire::SKIP_ROM], parasite: PARASITE)
+# Start conversion
+one_wire.write([LGPIO::OneWire::CONVERT_T], parasite: PARASITE)
+# Wait for conversion
+sleep(1)
+# Reset
+one_wire.reset
+# Skip ROM
+one_wire.write([LGPIO::OneWire::SKIP_ROM], parasite: PARASITE)
+# Read 9 bytes from scratchpad
+one_wire.write([LGPIO::OneWire::READ_SCRATCH], parasite: PARASITE)
+bytes = one_wire.read(9)
+
+# Temperature is the first 16 bits (2 bytes of 9 read).
+# It's a signed, 2's complement, little-endian decimal. LSB = 2 ^ -4.
+#
+temperature = bytes[0..1].pack('C*').unpack('s<')[0] * (2.0 ** -4)
+
+puts "DS18B20 reading: #{temperature} \xC2\xB0C"

data/examples/one_wire_search.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+require 'lgpio'
+
+GPIO_CHIP = 0
+PIN       = 256
+
+chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)
+one_wire = LGPIO::OneWire.new(chip_handle, PIN)
+one_wire.search
+
+puts; puts "Found these 1-wire addresss (HEX) on the bus:"; puts
+
+one_wire.found_addresses.each do |address|
+  puts address.to_s(16)
+end
+puts

data/examples/pwm.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'lgpio'
 
 GPIO_CHIP   = 0
-LED         = 260
+LED         = 272
 PWM_FREQ    = 500
 PWM_OFFSET  = 0
 PWM_CYCLES  = 0    # 0 = infinite

data/examples/reports.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'lgpio'
 
 GPIO_CHIP = 0
-PIN       = 76
+PIN       = 259
 
 chip_handle = LGPIO.chip_open(GPIO_CHIP)
 

data/examples/rotary_encoder.rb

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 require 'lgpio'
 
 GPIO_CHIP = 0
-PIN_A     = 76
-PIN_B     = 228
-PIN_SW    = 226
+PIN_A     = 260
+PIN_B     = 76
+PIN_SW    = 259
 
 # Encoder state
 position = 0

data/examples/rotary_encoder_led.rb

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 require 'lgpio'
 
 GPIO_CHIP = 0
-PIN_A     = 76
-PIN_B     = 228
+PIN_A     = 260
+PIN_B     = 76
 
-PIN_LED     = 260
+PIN_LED     = 272
 PWM_FREQ    = 500
 PWM_OFFSET  = 0
 PWM_CYCLES  = 0    # 0 = infinite
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ loop do
     elsif report[:gpio] == PIN_B
       delta = (report[:level] == state_a) ? -1 : 1
       state_b = report[:level]
-      
+
       led_duty += delta
       led_duty = 0 if led_duty < 0
       led_duty = 100 if led_duty > 100

data/examples/servo.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+require 'lgpio'
+#
+# Writing directly to a hardware PWM channel to control a servo.
+# Arguments in order are:
+#   pwmchip index (X in /sys/class/pwm/pwmchipX/)
+#   PWM channel on the chip (Y in /sys/class/pwm/pwmchipX/pwmY)
+#   period: given in nanoseconds
+#   OR frequency: given in Hz
+#
+servo = LGPIO::HardwarePWM.new(0, 1, period: 20_000_000)
+#
+# Duty cycle is given in nanoseconds by default. Extra setter methods
+# are provided for microseconds, and percent.
+#
+# servo.duty_percent = 2.5
+# servo.duty_us = 500
+servo.duty = 500_000
+
+#
+# Using the Servo class instead.
+# Arguments in order are:
+#   pwmchip index (X in /sys/class/pwm/pwmchipX/)
+#   PWM channel on the chip (Y in /sys/class/pwm/pwmchipX/pwmY)
+#   Minimum servo duty cycle in microseconds
+#   Maximum servo duty cicle in microseconds
+#   Minimum servo angle
+#   Maximum servo angle
+#
+servo = LGPIO::PositionalServo.new(0, 1, 500, 2500, 0, 180)
+
+angles = [0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 150, 120, 90, 60, 30]
+
+angles.cycle do |angle|
+  servo.angle = angle
+  sleep 1
+end