latinverb 0.9.2 → 0.9.3

data/lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/invariant.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+# encoding: UTF-8
+# vim:  set fdm=marker tw=80 sw=2:
+
+module Linguistics
+  module Latin
+    module Verb
+      module TenseDefinitions
+        ##
+        #
+        # Tense-forming methods that do not vary between the verb types
+        #
+        ##
+        module Invariant
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # Commands for immediate action.  Always second person.
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def active_voice_imperative_mood_present_tense
+            imp = imperatives
+            TenseBlock.new( [ '', imp.present_tense_singular_number, '',
+                                     '', imp.present_tense_plural_number, ''
+                            ],
+                            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_imperative_mood_present_tense] }
+                          )
+          end
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # Commands for immediate action.  Only supports second or third
+          # person.
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def active_voice_imperative_mood_future_tense# {{{
+            f = imperatives.future
+            return TenseBlock.new( [ '', f[0], f[2],
+                                     '', f[1], f[3]
+                                   ],
+                                  { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_imperative_mood_future_tense] }
+                                 )
+          end# }}}
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # Action completed in the future.
+          # A&G,160,b,3.
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense# {{{
+            substem = first_person_perfect[0..-2]
+            return TenseBlock.new [Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::APERF_FUTURE_ENDINGS.collect{|x| substem+x}].flatten,
+                   { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense] }
+          end# }}}
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # Action completed in the past prior to an event in the past.
+          # A&G,160,b,3.
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense# {{{
+            substem = first_person_perfect[0..-2]
+             return TenseBlock.new [Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::APERF_PAST_ENDINGS.collect{|x| substem+x}].flatten,
+                    { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense] }
+          end# }}}
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+          # the verb in context.</em>
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense
+           TenseBlock.new(
+             ['m', Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::AP_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS].flatten!.map do |ending|
+             present_active_infinitive.sub(/e$/,'ē') + ending
+            end,
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense] }
+            )
+          end
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # Action completed in the past.  A&G,160,b,1.
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense# {{{
+            substem = first_person_perfect[0..-2]
+            return TenseBlock.new [first_person_perfect.to_s, Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::APERF_ENDINGS.collect{|x| substem+x.to_s}].flatten,
+                   { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense] }
+          end# }}}
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+          # the verb in context.</em>
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense# {{{
+            asp_base = first_person_perfect[0..first_person_perfect.length-2] + "issē"
+              TenseBlock.new( ['m', Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::AP_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS].flatten!.map do |ending|
+                asp_base + ending
+              end,
+              { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense] }
+              )
+          end# }}}
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+          # the verb in context.</em>
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense
+            asp_base =
+              first_person_perfect[0..first_person_perfect.length-2] +
+              "erī"
+            TenseBlock.new(
+              ['m', Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::AP_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS].flatten!.map do |ending|
+              asp_base + ending
+            end,
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense] }
+            )
+          end
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # <em>Refer to "Voice" section in reference, for function consult
+          # active-voice counterpart.</em>
+          # Wheelock, 122
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense# {{{
+            return TenseBlock.new(
+              Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::PASS_PERF_FUTURE_ENDINGS.map{ |helping_verb| "#{passive_perfect_participle} #{helping_verb}"  },
+              { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense] }
+              )
+          end# }}}
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # <em>Refer to "Voice" section in reference, for function consult
+          # active-voice counterpart.</em>
+          # Wheelock, 117
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense# {{{
+            TenseBlock.new(
+              Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::PASS_PERF_PAST_ENDINGS.map{ |helping_verb| "#{passive_perfect_participle} #{helping_verb}"  },
+              { :meaning =>  Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense]}
+              )
+          end# }}}
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # Wheelock, 122
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense
+            TenseBlock.new(
+               Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::PASS_PERF_PRESENT_ENDINGS.map{ |helping_verb| "#{passive_perfect_participle} #{helping_verb}"  },
+               { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense] }
+               )
+          end
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+          # the verb in context.</em>
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense
+            base = present_active_infinitive.gsub(/(.*)(.)$/,"\\1" + 'ē')
+            TenseBlock.new(
+              Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG.map do |ending|
+              base + ending
+            end,
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense] }
+            )
+          end
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+          # the verb in context.</em>
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense# {{{
+            count = -1
+            TenseBlock.new(Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::PASS_PLUPERF_PAST_ENDINGS.map do |ending|
+               count += 1
+               (count <= 2 ?
+                 "[ #{triplicate_and_genderize passive_perfect_participle} ]" :
+                 "[ #{pluralize_participial_listing(triplicate_and_genderize(passive_perfect_participle))} ]" )+ " " + ending
+            end,
+            { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense] }
+            )
+          end# }}}
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+          # the verb in context.</em>
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense
+            counter = -1
+            TenseBlock.new(Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::PASS_PERF_SUBJUNCTIVE_ENDINGS.map do |ending|
+               counter += 1
+                (counter <=2 ?
+                 "[ #{triplicate_and_genderize passive_perfect_participle} ]" :
+                 "[ #{pluralize_participial_listing(triplicate_and_genderize(passive_perfect_participle))} ]" )+ " " + ending
+              end,
+              { :meaning => Linguistics::Latin::Verb::LatinVerb::MEANINGS[:passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense] }
+              )
+          end
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # Used to express command.  As A&G notes, oftentimes the Subjunctive
+          # is the correct mood for exhortation.
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def imperatives
+            @imperatives ||= form_imperatives
+          end
+
+          def form_imperatives# {{{
+
+            imperative_exceptions = {
+              "ducere"   => %w(duc ducite),
+              "dicere"   => %w(dic dicite),
+              "facere"   => %w(fac facite),
+              "ferre"    => %w(fer ferte),
+              "nolere"   => %w(nolo nolite)
+            }
+
+            # Exceptional imperatives.  If we have one, return it straight away.
+            if imperative_exceptions.has_key?(present_active_infinitive)
+              return Linguistics::Latin::Verb::ImperativeBlock.new(
+                imperative_exceptions[present_active_infinitive])
+            end
+
+            # Therefore, let us assume that we are dealing with a standard verb
+            # with standard imperatives.  Accordingly, we will create an
+            # ImperativeBlock.
+
+            return Linguistics::Latin::Verb::ImperativeBlock.new stem, present_active_infinitive
+          end# }}}
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === DESCRIPTION
+          #
+          # Used for handling verb states that are compounds like _amatus,
+          # amata, amatum sum_ and converting them to amati, amatae, amata,
+          # (sumus|estis|sunt).
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # +x:+ :: A string that looks like --us, --a, --um
+          #         This method mutates those singular endings to plural forms
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # Altered string
+          #
+          # === EXAMPLE
+          #
+          # pluralize_participial_listing(qq/amatus, amata, amatum/) #=>
+          #   amatī, amatae, amata
+          #
+          ##
+          def pluralize_participial_listing(x)
+            x.sub!(/us,/,   'ī,' )
+            x.sub!(/a,/,    'ae,')
+            x.sub!(/um.*$/, 'a'  )
+          end
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === DESCRIPTION
+          #
+          # Used for turning a participial form --um into --us, --a, --um
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # +s:+ :: --um
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # Altered string
+          #
+          # === EXAMPLE
+          #
+          # triplicate_and_genderize("amatum") #=> amatus, amata, amatum
+          #
+          ##
+          def triplicate_and_genderize(s)# {{{
+            stem = s.sub(/^(.*)um$/,"\\1")
+            [ stem + 'us',
+              stem + 'a',
+              s
+            ].join(', ')
+          end# }}}
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # Action to be completed in the future.  A&G,160,a,3.
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def active_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense
+          end
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # Habitual action in the past.  A&G,160,a,2.
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def active_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense
+          end
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # The canonical building block of learning to conjugate verbs in
+          # Latin.  Take the present active infinitive, chop off the ending, and
+          # add the classic o,s,t,mus,tis,nt
+          #
+          # Wheelock Reference, p. 4.
+          # A&G, 160,a,1.
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense
+          end
+
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+          # the verb in context.</em>
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def active_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense
+          end
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # <em>Refer to "Voice" section in reference, for function consult
+          # active-voice counterpart.</em>
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def passive_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense
+          end
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # <em>Refer to "Voice" section in reference, for function consult
+          # active-voice counterpart.</em>
+          # Wheelock, 117
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def passive_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense
+          end
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # <em>Refer to "Voice" section in reference, for function consult
+          # active-voice counterpart.</em>
+          # Wheelock, 117
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def passive_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense
+          end
+          ##
+          #
+          # === GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
+          #
+          # <em>Refer to "Moods," above.  Tense is constrained by function of
+          # the verb in context.</em>
+          #
+          # === ARGUMENTS
+          #
+          # None
+          #
+          # === RETURNS
+          #
+          # TenseBlock
+          #
+          ###
+          def passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/linguistics/latin/verb/tense_definitions/irregular.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# encoding: UTF-8
+# vim:  set fdm=marker tw=80 sw=2 wrap:
+
+module Linguistics
+  module Latin
+    module Verb
+      module TenseDefinitions
+        module Irregular
+          def self.included(inclusor)
+            begin
+              os_sym = self.symbolize_original_string @original_string
+              json_string = Linguistics::Latin::Verb.const_get os_sym
+
+              raise "Found a JSON string with null length!" if json_string.length <= 10
+              revivified_data_structure = JSON.parse json_string
+            rescue JSON::ParserError => e
+              puts "We were unable to parse JSON for #{@original_string} [o:#{o}] [o_sym:#{o_upcase_and_symbolic}].  Please verify your syntax."
+              raise e
+            rescue NameError => e
+              puts "We were unable to find a definition for #{@original_string} [o:#{o}] [o_sym:#{o_upcase_and_symbolic}].  Please provide one."
+              raise e
+            rescue => error
+              warn "#{@original_string} was identified as irregular but did not have a definition provided."
+              raise error
+            end
+
+            revivified_data_structure['tense_blocks'].each_pair do |k,v|
+              singleton_class.class_eval do
+                define_method k.to_sym do
+                  TenseBlock.new v, { :meaning => MEANINGS[k.to_sym] }
+                end
+              end
+            end
+
+            @irregular_infinitives = revivified_data_structure['infinitives']
+            @irregular_participles = revivified_data_structure['participles']
+
+            return if @irregular_infinitives.nil?
+            return if @irregular_participles.nil?
+
+            singleton_class.class_eval do
+              def present_active_infinitive; return @irregular_infinitives.present_active_infinitive; end
+              def present_passive_infinitive; return @irregular_infinitives.present_passive_infinitive; end
+              def perfect_active_infinitive; return @irregular_infinitives.perfect_active_infinitive; end
+              def perfect_passive_infinitive; return @irregular_infinitives.perfect_passive_infinitive; end
+              def future_passive_infinitive; return @irregular_infinitives.future_passive_infinitive; end
+              def future_active_infinitive; return @irregular_infinitives.future_active_infinitive; end
+            end
+            singleton_class.class_eval do
+              def present_active_participle; return @irregular_participles.present_active_participle; end
+              def future_active_participle; return @irregular_participles.future_active_participle; end
+              def perfect_passive_participle; return @irregular_participles.perfect_passive_participle; end
+              def future_passive_participle; return @irregular_participles.future_passive_participle; end
+              def gerundive; return @irregular_participles.gerundive; end
+              def gerund; return @irregular_participles.d; end
+            end
+          end
+
+          def self.symbolize_original_string
+            # Translation added to account for Ruby not liking constants /^/
+            # with a multibyte.  Probably a bug.
+            #
+            # This bug can be discovered by running #constants on
+            # Linguistics::Latin::Verb and seeing that Ōxxx is not found.  To
+            # fix this i had to store it as ODI_.  To make /that/ hack work, I
+            # had to add this bit beginning two lines below :-/
+            o = ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Chars.new( @original_string.gsub(/\s+/,'_') ).upcase
+
+            if o.match(/^([ĀĒĪŌŪ])(.*)/)
+              x=o[0,1].tr 'ĀĒĪŌŪ', 'AEIOU'
+              y=o[1,o.length]
+              o= x+y
+            end
+
+            o.to_sym
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+