RubyGems - kwalify - Versions diffs - 0.6.1 → 0.7.0 - Mend

kwalify 0.6.1 → 0.7.0

This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.

Files changed (219) hide show

data/CHANGES.txt +232 -0
data/MIT-LICENSE +20 -0
data/README.txt +16 -19
data/bin/kwalify +3 -3
data/contrib/inline-require +6 -4
data/contrib/kwalify +3719 -2427
data/doc-api/classes/CommandOptionError.html +17 -17
data/doc-api/classes/CommandOptionParser.html +63 -63
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify.html +29 -7
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/AssertionError.html +9 -9
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html +72 -71
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html +461 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/CommandOptionError.html +11 -11
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html +51 -46
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/HashInterface.html +13 -135
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Json.html +105 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Main.html +129 -126
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html +248 -232
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Parser.html +12 -12
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html +166 -163
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser/Alias.html +11 -11
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Rule.html +152 -130
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/SchemaError.html +10 -10
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/SyntaxError.html +185 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Types.html +26 -25
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Util.html +389 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Util/HashLike.html +246 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html +330 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/ValidationError.html +10 -10
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Validator.html +153 -86
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Yaml.html +181 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html +1538 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html +190 -183
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/YamlSyntaxError.html +8 -57
data/doc-api/created.rid +1 -1
data/doc-api/files/__/README_txt.html +17 -22
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/errors_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/main_rb.html +4 -3
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/messages_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/meta-validator_rb.html +3 -3
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/{util/yaml-helper_rb.html → parser/base_rb.html} +8 -6
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/parser/yaml_rb.html +117 -0
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/rule_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/types_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/util/assert-text-equal_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/util/hash-interface_rb.html +9 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/util/hashlike_rb.html +107 -0
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/util/option-parser_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/util/ordered-hash_rb.html +107 -0
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/util/testcase-helper_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/util_rb.html +107 -0
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/validator_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/yaml-parser_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify_rb.html +3 -2
data/doc-api/fr_class_index.html +8 -1
data/doc-api/fr_file_index.html +5 -1
data/doc-api/fr_method_index.html +128 -69
data/doc/img/fig01.png +0 -0
data/doc/users-guide.html +882 -717
data/examples/address-book/address-book.schema.yaml +2 -2
data/examples/data-binding/BABEL.data.yaml +63 -0
data/examples/data-binding/BABEL.schema.yaml +31 -0
data/examples/data-binding/Makefile +8 -0
data/examples/data-binding/Rakefile +13 -0
data/examples/data-binding/main.rb +27 -0
data/examples/invoice/invoice.schema.yaml +3 -3
data/examples/tapkit/tapkit.schema.yaml +2 -2
data/lib/kwalify.rb +41 -4
data/lib/kwalify/errors.rb +118 -96
data/lib/kwalify/kwalify.schema.yaml +58 -0
data/lib/kwalify/main.rb +384 -377
data/lib/kwalify/messages.rb +41 -27
data/lib/kwalify/meta-validator.rb +251 -331
data/lib/kwalify/parser/base.rb +127 -0
data/lib/kwalify/parser/yaml.rb +837 -0
data/lib/kwalify/rule.rb +545 -487
data/lib/kwalify/templates/genclass-java.eruby +189 -162
data/lib/kwalify/templates/genclass-php.eruby +104 -0
data/lib/kwalify/templates/genclass-ruby.eruby +95 -66
data/lib/kwalify/types.rb +107 -106
data/lib/kwalify/util.rb +157 -0
data/lib/kwalify/util/assert-text-equal.rb +33 -31
data/lib/kwalify/util/hash-interface.rb +11 -30
data/lib/kwalify/util/hashlike.rb +51 -0
data/lib/kwalify/util/option-parser.rb +144 -144
data/lib/kwalify/util/ordered-hash.rb +57 -0
data/lib/kwalify/util/testcase-helper.rb +3 -3
data/lib/kwalify/validator.rb +267 -212
data/lib/kwalify/yaml-parser.rb +822 -768
data/setup.rb +861 -607
data/test/Rookbook.yaml +10 -0
data/test/{tmp.dir/Context.java → data/users-guide/AddressBook.java.expected} +11 -11
data/test/data/users-guide/BABEL.data.yaml +24 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/BABEL.schema.yaml +30 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/ExampleAddressBook.java +47 -0
data/test/{tmp.dir/Group.java → data/users-guide/Group.java.expected} +2 -11
data/test/data/users-guide/Person.java.expected +44 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/address_book.rb +52 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/address_book.schema.yaml +28 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/address_book.yaml +27 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/answers-schema.yaml +12 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/answers-validator.rb +52 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/babel_genclass.result +26 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/config.schema.yaml +7 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/config.yaml +4 -0
data/test/{tmp.dir/silent1.document → data/users-guide/document01a.yaml} +0 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document01b.yaml +3 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document02a.yaml +4 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document02b.yaml +4 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document03a.yaml +6 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document03b.yaml +6 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document04a.yaml +9 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document04b.yaml +9 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document05a.yaml +11 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document05b.yaml +12 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document06a.yaml +15 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document06b.yaml +16 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document07a.yaml +9 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document07b.yaml +7 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document12a.json +10 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document12b.json +6 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document13a.yaml +17 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document14a.yaml +3 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document14b.yaml +3 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document15a.yaml +6 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document15b.yaml +5 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/example_address_book.rb +10 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/example_address_book_java.result +32 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/example_address_book_ruby.result +31 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/genclass_java.result +4 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/howto-validation-with-parsing.rb +28 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/howto-validation.rb +25 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/howto3.rb +6 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/howto3.result +5 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/howto3.yaml +8 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/howto5_databinding.result +111 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid01.result +3 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid02.result +5 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid03.result +5 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid04.result +4 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid05.result +11 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid06.result +4 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid07.result +3 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid08.result +3 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid12.json +8 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid14.result +4 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid15.result +4 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/loadbabel.rb +27 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/loadconfig.rb +15 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/loadconfig.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/models.rb +22 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/option_ha.result +6 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/option_ha_genclass_java.result +7 -0
data/test/{tmp.dir/meta1.schema → data/users-guide/schema01.yaml} +0 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema02.yaml +12 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema03.yaml +9 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema04.yaml +20 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema05.yaml +29 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema06.yaml +11 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema12.json +12 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema13.yaml +13 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema14.yaml +5 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema15.yaml +21 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid01.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid02.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid03.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid04.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid05.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid06.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid07.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid08.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid12.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid13.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid14.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid15.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/validate08.rb +37 -0
data/test/test-action.rb +78 -0
data/test/test-action.yaml +738 -0
data/test/test-databinding.rb +80 -0
data/test/test-databinding.yaml +301 -0
data/test/test-main.rb +129 -150
data/test/test-main.yaml +126 -321
data/test/test-metavalidator.rb +47 -47
data/test/test-metavalidator.yaml +77 -21
data/test/test-parser-yaml.rb +57 -0
data/test/test-parser-yaml.yaml +1749 -0
data/test/test-rule.rb +14 -15
data/test/test-rule.yaml +6 -3
data/test/test-users-guide.rb +75 -0
data/test/test-validator.rb +77 -52
data/test/test-validator.yaml +168 -6
data/test/test-yaml-parser.rb +47 -0
data/test/{test-yamlparser.yaml → test-yaml-parser.yaml} +159 -52
data/test/test.rb +37 -21
metadata +136 -37
data/COPYING +0 -340
data/ChangeLog +0 -70
data/doc-api/classes/YamlHelper.html +0 -259
data/lib/kwalify/util/yaml-helper.rb +0 -82
data/test/test-yamlparser.rb +0 -58
data/test/tmp.dir/User.java +0 -43
data/test/tmp.dir/action1.document +0 -18
data/test/tmp.dir/action1.schema +0 -32
data/test/tmp.dir/action2.document +0 -18
data/test/tmp.dir/action2.schema +0 -32
data/test/tmp.dir/emacs.document +0 -6
data/test/tmp.dir/emacs.schema +0 -6
data/test/tmp.dir/meta1.document +0 -0
data/test/tmp.dir/meta2.document +0 -0
data/test/tmp.dir/meta2.schema +0 -3
data/test/tmp.dir/silent1.schema +0 -3
data/test/tmp.dir/silent2.document +0 -7
data/test/tmp.dir/silent2.schema +0 -3
data/test/tmp.dir/stream.invalid +0 -8
data/test/tmp.dir/stream.schema +0 -3
data/test/tmp.dir/stream.valid +0 -8
data/test/tmp.dir/untabify.document +0 -5
data/test/tmp.dir/untabify.schema +0 -10
data/todo.txt +0 -34

data/doc-api/files/kwalify/yaml-parser_rb.html CHANGED

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
     </tr>
     <tr class="top-aligned-row">
       <td><strong>Last Update:</strong></td>
-      <td>Tue May 30 13:32:07 JST 2006</td>
+      <td>Thu Jan 17 21:21:16 +0900 2008</td>
     </tr>
     </table>
   </div>
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
     <div id="description">
       <p>
-$Rev: 51 $ $Release: 0.6.1 $ copyright(c) 2005 kuwata-lab all rights reserved.
+$Rev: 81 $ $Release: 0.7.0 $ copyright(c) 2005-2008 kuwata-lab all rights reserved.
 </p>
     </div>

data/doc-api/files/kwalify_rb.html CHANGED

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
     </tr>
     <tr class="top-aligned-row">
       <td><strong>Last Update:</strong></td>
-      <td>Sun May 14 13:59:04 JST 2006</td>
+      <td>Sun Jan 27 22:49:22 +0900 2008</td>
     </tr>
     </table>
   </div>
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@
     <div id="description">
       <p>
-$Rev: 48 $ $Release: 0.6.1 $ copyright(c) 2005 kuwata-lab all rights reserved.
+$Rev: 95 $ $Release: 0.7.0 $ copyright(c) 2006 kuwata-lab.com all rights
+reserved.
 </p>
     </div>

data/doc-api/fr_class_index.html CHANGED

@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@
     <a href="classes/Kwalify.html">Kwalify</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/AssertionError.html">Kwalify::AssertionError</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html">Kwalify::BaseError</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html">Kwalify::BaseParser</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/CommandOptionError.html">Kwalify::CommandOptionError</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html">Kwalify::ErrorHelper</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/HashInterface.html">Kwalify::HashInterface</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Json.html">Kwalify::Json</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/KwalifyError.html">Kwalify::KwalifyError</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html">Kwalify::Main</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html">Kwalify::MetaValidator</a><br />
@@ -36,14 +38,19 @@
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser/Alias.html">Kwalify::PlainYamlParser::Alias</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html">Kwalify::Rule</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/SchemaError.html">Kwalify::SchemaError</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/SyntaxError.html">Kwalify::SyntaxError</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html">Kwalify::Types</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util.html">Kwalify::Util</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/HashLike.html">Kwalify::Util::HashLike</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html">Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/ValidationError.html">Kwalify::ValidationError</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html">Kwalify::Validator</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml.html">Kwalify::Yaml</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html">Kwalify::Yaml::Parser</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html">Kwalify::YamlParser</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlSyntaxError.html">Kwalify::YamlSyntaxError</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Test.html">Test</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Test/Unit.html">Test::Unit</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/YamlHelper.html">YamlHelper</a><br />
   </div>
 </div>
 </body>

data/doc-api/fr_file_index.html CHANGED

@@ -26,13 +26,17 @@
     <a href="files/kwalify/main_rb.html">kwalify/main.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/messages_rb.html">kwalify/messages.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/meta-validator_rb.html">kwalify/meta-validator.rb</a><br />
+    <a href="files/kwalify/parser/base_rb.html">kwalify/parser/base.rb</a><br />
+    <a href="files/kwalify/parser/yaml_rb.html">kwalify/parser/yaml.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/rule_rb.html">kwalify/rule.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/types_rb.html">kwalify/types.rb</a><br />
+    <a href="files/kwalify/util_rb.html">kwalify/util.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/util/assert-text-equal_rb.html">kwalify/util/assert-text-equal.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/util/hash-interface_rb.html">kwalify/util/hash-interface.rb</a><br />
+    <a href="files/kwalify/util/hashlike_rb.html">kwalify/util/hashlike.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/util/option-parser_rb.html">kwalify/util/option-parser.rb</a><br />
+    <a href="files/kwalify/util/ordered-hash_rb.html">kwalify/util/ordered-hash.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/util/testcase-helper_rb.html">kwalify/util/testcase-helper.rb</a><br />
-    <a href="files/kwalify/util/yaml-helper_rb.html">kwalify/util/yaml-helper.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/validator_rb.html">kwalify/validator.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/yaml-parser_rb.html">kwalify/yaml-parser.rb</a><br />
   </div>

data/doc-api/fr_method_index.html CHANGED

@@ -20,88 +20,147 @@
 <div id="index">
   <h1 class="section-bar">Methods</h1>
   <div id="index-entries">
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000035"><=> (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/HashInterface.html#M000015">[] (Kwalify::HashInterface)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/HashInterface.html#M000016">[]= (Kwalify::HashInterface)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000023">_build_message (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000025">_inspect (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000039">_inspect (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html#M000058">_inspect (Kwalify::Rule)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000028">_validate (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000073">add_to_map (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000051">add_to_map (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000048">add_to_seq (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000070">add_to_seq (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000020">assert_error (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000084"><=> (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/HashLike.html#M000025">[] (Kwalify::Util::HashLike)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/HashLike.html#M000026">[]= (Kwalify::Util::HashLike)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000033">[]= (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000018">_build_message (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000098">_getch (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000071">_getclass (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html#M000118">_init (Kwalify::Rule)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000075">_inspect (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000088">_inspect (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html#M000120">_inspect (Kwalify::Rule)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000093">_set_column_and_linenum (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000042">_set_error_info (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000100">_syntax_error (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000078">_validate (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000057">_validate_map_value (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000079">_validate_unique (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000032">add (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000135">add_to_map (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000112">add_to_map (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000132">add_to_seq (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000109">add_to_seq (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000069">add_to_seq (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000015">assert_error (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html#M000011">collection? (Kwalify::Types)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html#M000013">collection_type? (Kwalify::Types)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/YamlHelper.html#M000082">create_hashtable (YamlHelper)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000072">create_mapping (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000050">create_mapping (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000055">create_scalar (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000077">create_scalar (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000047">create_sequence (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000069">create_sequence (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000078">current_line (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000079">current_linenum (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000038">debug? (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/HashInterface.html#M000019">each (Kwalify::HashInterface)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000040">execute (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util.html#M000023">create_hashtable (Kwalify::Util)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000111">create_mapping (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000134">create_mapping (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000067">create_mapping (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000116">create_scalar (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000139">create_scalar (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000068">create_scalar (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000108">create_sequence (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000131">create_sequence (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000066">create_sequence (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000140">current_line (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000141">current_linenum (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000087">debug? (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000036">delete (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000044">document_start? (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000037">each (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/HashLike.html#M000029">each (Kwalify::Util::HashLike)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000096">eos? (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000089">execute (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util.html#M000022">get_class (Kwalify::Util)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html#M000119">get_init_method (Kwalify::Rule)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html#M000010">get_type_class (Kwalify::Types)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/YamlHelper.html#M000083">get_value (YamlHelper)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000067">has_next? (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html#M000057">init (Kwalify::Rule)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html#M000061">instance (Kwalify::MetaValidator)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/HashInterface.html#M000018">key? (Kwalify::HashInterface)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/HashInterface.html#M000017">keys (Kwalify::HashInterface)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000041">main (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000054">merge_map (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000076">merge_map (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000033">message (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util.html#M000024">get_value (Kwalify::Util)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000095">group (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000046">has_next? (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000129">has_next? (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html#M000121">instance (Kwalify::MetaValidator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/HashLike.html#M000028">key? (Kwalify::Util::HashLike)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/HashLike.html#M000027">key? (Kwalify::Util::HashLike)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000034">keys (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml.html#M000038">load (Kwalify::Yaml)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml.html#M000039">load_file (Kwalify::Yaml)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000072">location (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000090">main (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000094">match? (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000115">merge_map (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000138">merge_map (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/SyntaxError.html#M000102">message (Kwalify::SyntaxError)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify.html#M000007">meta_validator (Kwalify)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify.html#M000005">msg (Kwalify)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/AssertionError.html#M000062">new (Kwalify::AssertionError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000042">new (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/CommandOptionError.html#M000001">new (CommandOptionError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser/Alias.html#M000142">new (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser::Alias)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000103">new (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/CommandOptionParser.html#M000002">new (CommandOptionParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser/Alias.html#M000080">new (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser::Alias)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000065">new (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Parser.html#M000036">new (Kwalify::Parser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ValidationError.html#M000064">new (Kwalify::ValidationError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html#M000056">new (Kwalify::Rule)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000037">new (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000031">new (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000024">new (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html#M000059">new (Kwalify::MetaValidator)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlSyntaxError.html#M000030">new (Kwalify::YamlSyntaxError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/SchemaError.html#M000029">new (Kwalify::SchemaError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/CommandOptionError.html#M000063">new (Kwalify::CommandOptionError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000043">parse (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000066">parse (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000040">new (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000030">new (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html#M000117">new (Kwalify::Rule)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000074">new (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000127">new (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ValidationError.html#M000126">new (Kwalify::ValidationError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/CommandOptionError.html#M000125">new (Kwalify::CommandOptionError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000086">new (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Parser.html#M000085">new (Kwalify::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/SchemaError.html#M000080">new (Kwalify::SchemaError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000081">new (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/AssertionError.html#M000124">new (Kwalify::AssertionError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html#M000122">new (Kwalify::MetaValidator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/SyntaxError.html#M000101">new (Kwalify::SyntaxError)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/CommandOptionParser.html#M000004">parse (CommandOptionParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000068">parse_all (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000032">path (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000044">path_linenum (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000104">parse (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000128">parse (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000047">parse (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000053">parse_alias (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000130">parse_all (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000052">parse_anchor (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000058">parse_block_map (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000059">parse_block_scalar (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000056">parse_block_seq (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000060">parse_block_text (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000055">parse_block_value (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000051">parse_documents (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000048">parse_file (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000063">parse_flow_map (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000064">parse_flow_scalar (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000062">parse_flow_seq (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000061">parse_flow_value (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000049">parse_next (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000050">parse_stream (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000082">path (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000105">path_linenum (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000097">peep (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000031">put (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000070">put_to_map (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000091">reset (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000041">reset_parser (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000054">resolve_preceding_aliases (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html#M000012">scalar? (Kwalify::Types)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html#M000014">scalar_type? (Kwalify::Types)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000022">schema_error (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000075">set_default (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000053">set_default (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000046">set_error_linenums (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000045">set_errors_linenum (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000052">set_map_with (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000074">set_map_with (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000049">set_seq_at (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000071">set_seq_at (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000034">to_s (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000092">scan (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000099">scan_string (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000017">schema_error (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000137">set_default (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000114">set_default (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000107">set_error_linenums (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000106">set_errors_linenum (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000073">set_errors_linenum (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000113">set_map_with (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000136">set_map_with (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000110">set_seq_at (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000133">set_seq_at (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000043">skip_spaces_and_comments (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000045">stream_end? (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000083">to_s (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000065">to_scalar (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/CommandOptionParser.html#M000003">to_value (CommandOptionParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util.html#M000021">traverse_rule (Kwalify::Util)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util.html#M000020">traverse_schema (Kwalify::Util)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html#M000009">type_class (Kwalify::Types)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html#M000008">type_table (Kwalify::Types)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/YamlHelper.html#M000081">untabify (YamlHelper)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000026">validate (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000021">validate_error (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html#M000060">validate_hook (Kwalify::MetaValidator)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000027">validate_hook (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util.html#M000019">untabify (Kwalify::Util)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000076">validate (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000016">validate_error (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html#M000123">validate_hook (Kwalify::MetaValidator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000077">validate_hook (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000035">values (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify.html#M000006">word (Kwalify)</a><br />
   </div>
 </div>

data/doc/img/fig01.png ADDED

Binary file

data/doc/users-guide.html CHANGED

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <html>
 <head>
   <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
-  <title>Kwalify Users' Guide (for Ruby and Java)</title>
+  <title>Kwalify User's Guide (for Ruby)</title>
   <meta name="author" content="makoto kuwata &lt;kwa(at)kuwata-lab.com&gt;">
   <meta name="generator" content="kwaser">
   <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
@@ -12,51 +12,29 @@
    <div class="mainbody">
-    <div align="left"><h1>Kwalify Users' Guide (for Ruby and Java)</h1></div>
+    <div align="left"><h1>Kwalify User's Guide (for Ruby)</h1></div>
     <div align="left">
       makoto kuwata &lt;kwa(at)kuwata-lab.com&gt;<br>
-      last update: $Date: 2006-05-14 13:57:07 +0900 (Sun, 14 May 2006) $<br>
+      last update: $Date: 2008-01-27 22:57:22 +0900 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) $<br>
     </div>
 <a name="preface"></a>
 <h2 class="section1">Preface</h2>
-<p>Kwalify<sup>(<a href="#fnref:1" name="fnlink:1">*1</a>)</sup> is a tiny schema validator for YAML and JSON document.
+<p>Kwalify<sup>(<a href="#fnref:1" name="fnlink:1">*1</a>)</sup> is a parser, schema validator, and data binding tool for YAML and JSON.
+Kwalify enables you to handle YAML and JSON more easily and strictly.
 </p>
-<p>You know "80-20 rule" known as Pareto Law, don't you?  This rule suggests that 20% of the population owns 80% of the wealth.
-Kwalify is based on a new "50-5 rule" which suggests that 5% of the population owns 50% of the wealth.
-This rule is more aggressive and cost-effective than Pareto Law. The rule is named as "Levi's Law".
-</p>
-<div align="center">
-<table class="table1" border="1" cellspacing="0">
- <tr class="tr1">
-  <th class="th1">schema technology</th>
-  <th class="th1">(A) cover range</th>
-  <th class="th1">(B) cost to pay</th>
-  <th class="th1">(A)/(B) effectiveness</th>
- </tr>
- <tr class="tr1">
-  <td class="td1">XML Schema</td>
-  <td class="td1">95%</td>
-  <td class="td1">100%</td>
-  <td class="td1">0.95 (= 95/100)</td>
- </tr>
- <tr class="tr1">
-  <td class="td1">RelaxNG</td>
-  <td class="td1">80%</td>
-  <td class="td1">20%</td>
-  <td class="td1">4.0 (= 80/20)</td>
- </tr>
- <tr class="tr1">
-  <td class="td1">Kwalify</td>
-  <td class="td1">50%</td>
-  <td class="td1">5%</td>
-  <td class="td1">10.0 (= 50/5)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-</div>
-<p>Kwalify is small and in fact poorer than RelaxNG or XML Schema.
-I hope you extend/customize Kwalify for your own way.
+<p>Topics:
 </p>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li><a href="#schema">Schema validation for YAML</a> and <a href="#tips-json">JSON</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#actions">Class definition generation for Ruby, PHP, and Java</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#howto-databinding">Data binding</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#howto-preceding">Preceding alias</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
 <div class="footnote">
  <dl compact>
   <dt>(<a name="fnref:1" href="#fnlink:1">*1</a>)</dt>
@@ -82,23 +60,17 @@ I hope you extend/customize Kwalify for your own way.
     </li>
     <li><a href="#schema-map-of-seq">Mapping of Sequence</a>
     </li>
-    <li><a href="#schema-rules">Rule and Entry</a>
+    <li><a href="#schema-rules">Rule and Constraint</a>
     </li>
     <li><a href="#schema-unique">Unique constraint</a>
     </li>
-    <li><a href="#schema-hook">Validator#validator_hook()</a>
-    </li>
-    <li><a href="#schema-block">Validator with Block</a>
-    </li>
   </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="#tips">Tips</a>
   <ul>
-    <li><a href="#tips-quotes">Enclose Key Names in (Double) Quotes</a>
-    </li>
     <li><a href="#tips-json">JSON</a>
     </li>
-    <li><a href="#tips-anchor">Anchor</a>
+    <li><a href="#tips-anchor">Anchor and Alias</a>
     </li>
     <li><a href="#tips-default">Default of Mapping</a>
     </li>
@@ -106,6 +78,22 @@ I hope you extend/customize Kwalify for your own way.
     </li>
   </ul>
   </li>
+  <li><a href="#howto">How to in Ruby</a>
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="#howot-validate">Validation</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#howto-parse">Parsing with Validation</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#howto-meta">Meta Validation</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#howto-hook">Validator#validator_hook()</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#howto-preceding">Preceding Alias</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#howto-databinding">Data Binding</a>
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+  </li>
   <li><a href="#actions">Actions</a>
   <ul>
     <li><a href="#action-genclass">Class Definition Generation</a>
@@ -118,13 +106,9 @@ I hope you extend/customize Kwalify for your own way.
     </li>
   </ul>
   </li>
-  <li><a href="#usage">Usage of Kwalify</a>
+  <li><a href="#ref">References</a>
   <ul>
-    <li><a href="#usage1">Usage in Command-Line</a>
-    </li>
-    <li><a href="#usage-ruby">Usage in Ruby Script</a>
-    </li>
-    <li><a href="#usage-java">Usage in Java Program</a>
+    <li><a href="#ref-usage">Usage in Command-Line</a>
     </li>
   </ul>
   </li>
@@ -137,6 +121,8 @@ I hope you extend/customize Kwalify for your own way.
 <a name="schema"></a>
 <h2 class="section1">Schema Definition</h2>
+<p>This section describes how to define schema definition of YAML.
+</p>
 <a name="schema-seq"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">Sequence</h3>
 <a name="schema01.yaml"></a>
@@ -153,7 +139,7 @@ sequence:
 - bar
 - baz
 </pre>
-<a name="valid01.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid01.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema01.yaml document01a.yaml
@@ -166,7 +152,7 @@ document01a.yaml#0: valid.
 - 123
 - baz
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid01.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid01.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema01.yaml document01b.yaml
@@ -185,15 +171,15 @@ document01b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <code>schema02.yaml</code> : mapping of scalar</div>
 <pre class="program">type:       map
 mapping:
-  name:
+ "name":
     type:      str
     required:  yes
-  email:
+ "email":
     type:      str
     pattern:   /@/
-  age:
+ "age":
     type:      int
-  birth:
+ "birth":
     type:      date
 </pre>
 <a name="document02a.yaml"></a>
@@ -204,7 +190,7 @@ email:  foo@mail.com
 age:    20
 birth:  1985-01-01
 </pre>
-<a name="valid02.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid02.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema02.yaml document02a.yaml
@@ -218,7 +204,7 @@ email:  foo(at)mail.com
 age:    twenty
 birth:  Jun 01, 1985
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid02.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid02.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema02.yaml document02b.yaml
@@ -239,10 +225,10 @@ document02b.yaml#0: INVALID
 sequence:
   - type:      map
     mapping:
-      name:
+     "name":
         type:      str
         required:  true
-      email:
+     "email":
         type:      str
 </pre>
 <a name="document03a.yaml"></a>
@@ -255,7 +241,7 @@ sequence:
 - name:   baz
   email:  baz@mail.org
 </pre>
-<a name="valid03.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid03.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema03.yaml document03a.yaml
@@ -271,7 +257,7 @@ document03a.yaml#0: valid.
 - name:   baz
   mail:   baz@mail.org
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid03.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid03.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema03.yaml document03b.yaml
@@ -290,23 +276,23 @@ document03b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <code>schema04.yaml</code> : mapping of sequence of mapping</div>
 <pre class="program">type:      map
 mapping:
-  company:
+ "company":
     type:      str
     required:  yes
-  email:
+ "email":
     type:      str
-  employees:
+ "employees":
     type:      seq
     sequence:
       - type:    map
         mapping:
-          code:
+         "code":
             type:      int
             required:  yes
-          name:
+         "name":
             type:      str
             required:  yes
-          email:
+         "email":
             type:      str
 </pre>
 <a name="document04a.yaml"></a>
@@ -322,7 +308,7 @@ employees:
     name:   bar
     email:  bar@kuwata-lab.com
 </pre>
-<a name="valid04.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid04.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema04.yaml document04a.yaml
@@ -341,7 +327,7 @@ employees:
     name:   bar
     mail:   bar@kuwata-lab.com
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid04.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid04.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema04.yaml document04b.yaml
@@ -353,16 +339,28 @@ document04b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <a name="schema-rules"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Rule and Entry</h3>
-<p>Rule is set of entries. Entry usually represents constraint outside of a few exceptions.
+<h3 class="section2">Rule and Constraint</h3>
+<p><code>type:</code>, <code>required:</code>, <code>length</code>, ... are called <strong>constraint</strong> and set of constraints are called <strong>rule</strong>.
 </p>
-<p>The followings are constraint entries.
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>Rule contains 'type:' constraint. If 'type:' is omitted, 'type: str' is used as default.
+</li>
+<li>'sequence:' constraint takes a sequence of rule (the sequence can contain only a rule).
+</li>
+<li>'mapping:' constraint takes a mapping which values are rules.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div style="align:center;">
+  <img src="img/fig01.png" alt="constraints and rules of schema definition." />
+</div>
+<p>The following is a list of constraints.
 </p>
 <dl class="dl3">
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>required:</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
 	Value is required when true (default is false).
+	This is similar to not-null constraint in RDBMS.
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>enum:</code> </strong></dt>
@@ -426,23 +424,23 @@ document04b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>length:</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
-	Range of length of value between max/max-ex and min/min-ex. Only type <code>str</code> and <code>text</code> are available with <code>length:</code>.
+	Range of length of value between max/max-ex and min/min-ex.
+	Only type <code>str</code> and <code>text</code> are available with <code>length:</code>.
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>assert:</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
-	String which represents validation expression. String should contain variable name <code>val</code> which repsents value.
-	(This is an experimental function and supported only Kwartz-ruby).
+	String which represents validation expression.
+	String should contain variable name <code>val</code> which repsents value.
+	(This is an experimental function and not supported in Kwartz-java).
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>unique:</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
-	Value is unique for mapping or sequence. See the next subsection for detail.
+	Value is unique for mapping or sequence.
+	This is similar to unique constraint of RDBMS.
+	See the next subsection for detail.
 </dd>
-</dl>
-<p>The followings are non-constraint entries.
-</p>
-<dl class="dl3">
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>name:</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
@@ -454,46 +452,51 @@ document04b.yaml#0: INVALID
 	Description. This is not used for validation.
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
-<code>classname:</code> </strong></dt>
+<code>class:</code> </strong></dt>
+<dd class="dd3">
+	Class name.  This is for data-binding and is available only with type 'map'.
+	This is also used in 'genclass' action.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt3"><strong>
+<code>default:</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
-	Class name.  This is available only with type 'map' and used with 'genclass' action. See '<a href="#actions">Actions</a>' section for details.
+	Default value.
+	This is only for 'genclass' action, and have no effect to validation and parsing.
+	Default value should be scalar and it is not available if <code>type:</code> is <code>map</code> or <code>seq</code>, and also not available when <code>required:</code> is true.
 </dd>
 </dl>
-<p>Rule contains 'type:' entry. 'sequence:' entry takes a list of rule. 'mapping:' entry takes a hash which values are rules.
-</p>
 <a name="schema05.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 <code>schema05.yaml</code> : rule examples</div>
-<pre class="program">type:      seq                                # new rule
+<pre class="program">type:      seq
 sequence:
   -
-    type:      map                            # new rule
+    type:      map
     mapping:
-      name:
-        type:       str                       # new rule
+     "name":
+        type:       str
         required:   yes
-      email:
-        type:       str                       # new rule
+     "email":
+        type:       str
         required:   yes
         pattern:    /@/
-      password:
-        type:       text                      # new rule
+     "password":
+        type:       text
         length:     { max: 16, min: 8 }
-      age:
-        type:       int                       # new rule
+     "age":
+        type:       int
         range:      { max: 30, min: 18 }
         # or assert: 18 &lt;= val &amp;&amp; val &lt;= 30
-      blood:
-        type:       str                       # new rule
-        enum:
-          - A
-          - B
-          - O
-          - AB
-      birth:
-        type:       date                      # new rule
-      memo:
-        type:       any                       # new rule
+     "blood":
+        type:       str
+        enum:       [A, B, O, AB]
+     "birth":
+        type:       date
+     "memo":
+        type:       any
+     "deleted":
+        type:       bool
+        default:    false
 </pre>
 <a name="document05a.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
@@ -510,7 +513,7 @@ sequence:
   blood:    AB
   birth:    1980-01-01
 </pre>
-<a name="valid05.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid05.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema05.yaml document05a.yaml
@@ -532,7 +535,7 @@ document05a.yaml#0: valid.
   blood:    AB
   birth:    1980/01/01
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid05.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid05.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema05.yaml document05b.yaml
@@ -541,8 +544,8 @@ document05b.yaml#0: INVALID
   - (line 3) [/0/password] 'xxx123': too short (length 6 &lt; min 8).
   - (line 4) [/0/age] 'twenty': not a integer.
   - (line 5) [/0/blood] 'a': invalid blood value.
-  - (line 7) [/1/given-name] key 'given-name:' is undefined.
   - (line 7) [/1] key 'name:' is required.
+  - (line 7) [/1/given-name] key 'given-name:' is undefined.
   - (line 8) [/1/family-name] key 'family-name:' is undefined.
   - (line 10) [/1/age] '15': too small (&lt; min 18).
   - (line 12) [/1/birth] '1980/01/01': not a date.
@@ -552,12 +555,15 @@ document05b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <a name="schema-unique"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">Unique constraint</h3>
-<p>'<code>unique:</code>' constraint entry is available with elements of sequence or mapping.
-This is equivalent to unique key or primary key of RDBMS.
-</p>
-<p>Type of rule which has '<code>unique:</code>' entry must be scalar (str, int, float, ...).
-Type of parent rule must be sequence or mapping.
+<p>'<code>unique:</code>' constraint is available with elements of sequence or mapping.
+This is equivalent to unique constraint of RDBMS.
 </p>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>Type of rule which has '<code>unique:</code>' entry must be scalar (str, int, float, ...).
+</li>
+<li>Type of parent rule must be sequence or mapping.
+</li>
+</ul>
 <a name="schema06.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 <code>schema06.yaml</code> : unique constraint entry with mapping and sequence</div>
@@ -566,17 +572,12 @@ sequence:
   - type:     map
     required: yes
     mapping:
-      name:
-        type:     str
-        required: yes
-        <strong>unique:   yes</strong>
-      email:
-        type:     str
-      groups:
+     "name":   { type: str, required: yes, <strong>unique: yes</strong> }
+     "email":  { type: str }
+     "groups":
         type:     seq
         sequence:
-          - type: str
-            <strong>unique:   yes</strong>
+          - { type: str, <strong>unique: yes</strong> }
 </pre>
 <a name="document06a.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
@@ -597,7 +598,7 @@ sequence:
   groups:
     - users
 </pre>
-<a name="valid06.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid06.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema06.yaml document06a.yaml
@@ -623,7 +624,7 @@ document06a.yaml#0: valid.
   groups:
     - users
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid06.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid06.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema06.yaml document06b.yaml
@@ -634,364 +635,19 @@ document06b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <br>
-<a name="schema-hook"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Validator#validator_hook()</h3>
-<p>You can extend Kwalify::Validator class (Ruby) or kwalify.Validator class (Java), and override Kwalify::Validator#validator_hook() method (Ruby) or kwalify.Validator#validateHook() method (Java).
-This method is called by Kwalify::Validator#validate() (Ruby) or kwalify.Validator#validate() (Java).
-</p>
-<a name="answers-schema.yaml"></a>
-<div class="program_caption">
-answers-schema.yaml : 'name:' is important.</div>
-<pre class="program">type:      map
-mapping:
-  answers:
-    type:      seq
-    sequence:
-      - type:      map
-        <strong>name:        Answer</strong>
-        mapping:
-          name:
-            type:      str
-            required:  yes
-          answer:
-            type:      str
-            required:  yes
-            enum:
-              - good
-              - not bad
-              - bad
-          reason:
-            type:      str
-</pre>
-<a name="answers-validator.rb"></a>
-<div class="program_caption">
-answers-validator.rb : validate script for Ruby</div>
-<pre class="program">#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-require 'kwalify'
-require 'yaml'
-## validator class for answers
-class AnswersValidator &lt; Kwalify::Validator
-   ## load schema definition
-   @@schema = YAML.load_file('answers-schema.yaml')
-   def initialize()
-      super(@@schema)
-   end
-   ## hook method called by Validator#validate()
-   <strong>def validate_hook(value, rule, path, errors)</strong>
-      <strong>case rule.name</strong>
-      <strong>when 'Answer'</strong>
-         if value['answer'] == 'bad'
-            reason = value['reason']
-            if !reason || reason.empty?
-               msg = "reason is required when answer is 'bad'."
-               errors &lt;&lt; Kwalify::ValidationError.new(msg, path)
-            end
-         end
-      end
-   end
-end
-## create validator
-validator = AnswersValidator.new
-## load YAML document
-input = ARGF.read()
-document = YAML.load(input)
-## validate
-errors = validator.validate(document)
-if errors.empty?
-   puts "Valid."
-else
-   puts "*** INVALID!"
-   errors.each do |error|
-      # error.class == Kwalify::ValidationError
-      puts " - [#{error.path}] : #{error.message}"
-   end
-end
-</pre>
-<a name="document07a.yaml"></a>
-<div class="program_caption">
-<code>document07a.yaml</code> : valid document example</div>
-<pre class="program">answers:
-  - name:      Foo
-    answer:    good
-    reason:    I like this style.
-  - name:      Bar
-    answer:    not bad
-  - name:      Baz
-    answer:    bad
-    reason:    I don't like this style.
-</pre>
-<a name="valid07.expected"></a>
-<div class="terminal_caption">
-validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ ruby answers-validator.rb document07a.yaml
-Valid.
-</pre>
-<a name="document07b.yaml"></a>
-<div class="program_caption">
-<code>document07b.yaml</code> : invalid document example</div>
-<pre class="program">answers:
-  - name:    Foo
-    answer:  good
-  - name:    Bar
-    answer:  bad
-  - name:    Baz
-    answer:  not bad
-</pre>
-<a name="invalid07.expected"></a>
-<div class="terminal_caption">
-validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ ruby answers-validator.rb document07b.yaml
-*** INVALID!
- - [/answers/1] : reason is required when answer is 'bad'.
-</pre>
-<p>You can validate some document by a Validator instance because Validator class and Validator#validate() method are stateless. If you use instance variables in custom validator_hook() method, it becomes to be stateful.
-</p>
-<p>Here is a Java program equivarent to 'answers-validator.rb'.
-</p>
-<a name="AnswersValidator.java"></a>
-<div class="program_caption">
-AnswersValidator.java : validate program for Java</div>
-<pre class="program">import kwalify.Validator;
-import kwalify.Rule;
-import kwalify.Util;
-import kwalify.YamlUtil;
-import kwalify.YamlParser;
-import kwalify.SyntaxException;
-import kwalify.ValidationException;
-import java.util.*;
-import java.io.IOException;
-/**
- *  validator class for answers
- */
-public class AnswersValidator extends Validator {
-    /** schema string */
-    private static final String SCHEMA = ""
-        + "type:      map\n"
-        + "mapping:\n"
-        + "  answers:\n"
-        + "    type:      seq\n"
-        + "    sequence:\n"
-        + "      - type:      map\n"
-        + "        name:      Answer\n"
-        + "        mapping:\n"
-        + "          name:\n"
-        + "            type:      str\n"
-        + "            required:  yes\n"
-        + "          answer:\n"
-        + "            type:      str\n"
-        + "            required:  yes\n"
-        + "            enum:\n"
-        + "              - good\n"
-        + "              - not bad\n"
-        + "              - bad\n"
-        + "          reason:\n"
-        + "            type:      str\n"
-        ;
-    /** schema object */
-    private static Map schema = null;
-    static {
-        try {
-            schema = (Map)YamlUtil.load(SCHEMA);
-        } catch (SyntaxException ex) {
-            assert false;
-        }
-    }
-    /** construnctor */
-    public AnswersValidator() {
-        super(schema);
-    }
-    /** hook method called by Validator#validate() */
-    protected void validateHook(Object value, Rule rule, String path, List errors) {
-        String rule_name = rule.getName();
-        if (rule_name != null &amp;&amp; rule_name.equals("Answer")) {
-            assert value instanceof Map;
-            Map val = (Map)value;
-            assert val.get("answer") != null;
-            if (val.get("answer").equals("bad")) {
-                String reason = (String)val.get("reason");
-                if (reason == null || reason.length() == 0) {
-                    String msg = "reason is required when answer is 'bad'.";
-                    errors.add(new ValidationException(msg, path));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    /** main program */
-    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, SyntaxException {
-        // create validator
-        Validator validator = new AnswersValidator();
-        // load YAML document
-        String input;
-        if (args.length &gt; 0) {
-            input = Util.readFile(args[0]);
-        } else {
-            input = Util.readInputStream(System.in);
-        }
-        YamlParser parser = new YamlParser(input);
-        Object document = parser.parse();
-        // validate and show errors
-        List errors = validator.validate(document);
-        if (errors == null || errors.size() == 0) {
-            System.out.println("Valid.");
-        } else {
-            System.out.println("*** INVALID!");
-            parser.setErrorsLineNumber(errors);
-            Collections.sort(errors);
-            for (Iterator it = errors.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
-                ValidationException error = (ValidationException)it.next();
-                int linenum = error.getLineNumber();
-                String path = error.getPath();
-                String mesg = error.getMessage();
-                String s = "- line " + linenum + ": [" + path + "] " + mesg;
-                System.out.println(s);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-</pre>
-<a name="AnswersValidator.expected"></a>
-<div class="terminal_caption">
-validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ java -classpath kwalify.jar AnswersValidator document07a.yaml
-Valid.
-$ java -classpath kwalify.jar AnswersValidator document07b.yaml
-*** INVALID!
-- line 4: [/answers/1] reason is required when answer is 'bad'.
-</pre>
-<br>
-<a name="schema-block"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Validator with Block</h3>
-<p><strong>Notice: This feature has been obsolete. Use Kwalify::Validator#validate_hook() method instead.</strong>
-</p>
-<p><code>Kwalify::Validator.new()</code> method can take a block which is invoked when validation.
-</p>
-<a name="validate08.rb"></a>
-<div class="program_caption">
-<code>validate08.rb</code> : validate script</div>
-<pre class="program">#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-require 'kwalify'
-require 'yaml'
-## load schema definition
-schema = YAML.load_file('answers-schema.yaml')
-## create validator for answers
-validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema) <strong>{ |value, rule, path, errors|</strong>
-   <strong>case rule.name</strong>
-   <strong>when 'Answer'</strong>
-      if value['answer'] == 'bad'
-         reason = value['reason']
-         if !reason || reason.empty?
-            msg = "reason is required when answer is 'bad'."
-            errors &lt;&lt; Kwalify::ValidationError.new(msg, path)
-         end
-      end
-   end
-<strong>}</strong>
-## load YAML document
-input = ARGF.read()
-document = YAML.load(input)
-## validate
-errors = validator.validate(document)
-if errors.empty?
-   puts "Valid."
-else
-   puts "*** INVALID!"
-   errors.each do |error|
-      # error.class == Kwalify::ValidationError
-      puts " - [#{error.path}] : #{error.message}"
-   end
-end
-</pre>
-<a name="valid08.expected"></a>
-<div class="terminal_caption">
-validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ ruby validate08.rb document07a.yaml
-Valid.
-</pre>
-<a name="valid08.expected"></a>
-<div class="terminal_caption">
-validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ ruby validate08.rb document07b.yaml
-*** INVALID!
- - [/answers/1] : reason is required when answer is 'bad'.
-</pre>
-<br>
 <br>
 <a name="tips"></a>
 <h2 class="section1">Tips</h2>
-<a name="tips-quotes"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Enclose Key Names in (Double) Quotes</h3>
-<p>It is allowed to enclose key name in quotes (') or double-quotes (") in YAML.
-This tip highlights user-defined key names.
-</p>
-<div class="program_caption">
-<code>schema11a.yaml</code> : enclosing in double-quotes</div>
-<pre class="program">type:   map
-mapping:
-  "name":
-    required:  yes
-  "email":
-    pattern:   /@/
-  "age":
-    type:      int
-  "birth":
-    type:      date
-</pre>
-<p>You may prefer to indent with 1 space and 3 spaces.
-</p>
-<div class="program_caption">
-<code>schema11b.yaml</code> : indent with 1 space and 3 spaces</div>
-<pre class="program">type:   map
-mapping:
- "name":
-    required:  yes
- "email":
-    pattern:   /@/
- "age":
-    type:      int
- "birth":
-    type:      date
-</pre>
-<br>
 <a name="tips-json"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">JSON</h3>
 <p><a href="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> is a lightweight data-interchange format, especially useful for JavaScript.
 JSON can be considered as a subset of YAML. It means that YAML parser can parse JSON and Kwalify can validate JSON document.
 </p>
-<a name="schema12.yaml"></a>
+<a name="schema12.json"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>schema12.yaml</code> : an example schema written in JSON format</div>
+<code>schema12.json</code> : an example schema definition written in JSON format</div>
 <pre class="program">{ "type": "map",
   "required": true,
   "mapping": {
@@ -1000,16 +656,14 @@ JSON can be considered as a subset of YAML. It means that YAML parser can parse
     "age":    { "type": "int" },
     "gender": { "type": "str", "enum": ["M", "F"] },
     "favorite": { "type": "seq",
-                  "sequence": [
-                     { "type": "str" }
-                   ]
-                 }
+                  "sequence": [ { "type": "str" } ]
+                }
   }
 }
 </pre>
-<a name="document12a.yaml"></a>
+<a name="document12a.json"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>document12a.yaml</code> : valid JSON document example</div>
+<code>document12a.json</code> : valid JSON document example</div>
 <pre class="program">{ "name": "Foo",
   "email": "foo@mail.com",
   "age": 20,
@@ -1021,15 +675,15 @@ JSON can be considered as a subset of YAML. It means that YAML parser can parse
   ]
 }
 </pre>
-<a name="valid12.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid12.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema12.yaml document12a.yaml
-document12a.yaml#0: valid.
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema12.json document12a.json
+document12a.json#0: valid.
 </pre>
-<a name="document12b.yaml"></a>
+<a name="document12b.json"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>document12b.yaml</code> : invalid JSON document example</div>
+<code>document12b.json</code> : invalid JSON document example</div>
 <pre class="program">{
   "mail": "foo@mail.com",
   "age": twenty,
@@ -1037,11 +691,11 @@ document12a.yaml#0: valid.
   "favorite": [ 123, 456 ]
 }
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid12.yaml"></a>
+<a name="invalid12.json"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema12.yaml document12b.yaml
-document12b.yaml#0: INVALID
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema12.json document12b.json
+document12b.json#0: INVALID
   - (line 1) [/] key 'name:' is required.
   - (line 2) [/mail] key 'mail:' is undefined.
   - (line 3) [/age] 'twenty': not a integer.
@@ -1053,8 +707,8 @@ document12b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <a name="tips-anchor"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Anchor</h3>
-<p>You can share schemas with YAML anchor.
+<h3 class="section2">Anchor and Alias</h3>
+<p>You can share rules by YAML anchor and alias.
 </p>
 <a name="schema13.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
@@ -1069,13 +723,11 @@ sequence:
         required: yes
      "family-name": <strong>*name</strong>
      "post":
-        enum:
-          - exective
-          - manager
-          - clerk
+        type: str
+        enum: [exective, manager, clerk]
      "supervisor":  <strong>*employee</strong>
 </pre>
-<p>Anchor is also available in YAML document.
+<p>Anchor and alias is also available in YAML document.
 </p>
 <a name="document13a.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
@@ -1098,7 +750,7 @@ sequence:
   post:          clerk
   supervisor:    <strong>*bar</strong>
 </pre>
-<a name="valid13.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid13.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema13.yaml document13a.yaml
@@ -1142,7 +794,7 @@ mapping:
 value2: 0.5
 value3: -0.9
 </pre>
-<a name="valid14.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid14.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema14.yaml document14a.yaml
@@ -1155,7 +807,7 @@ document14a.yaml#0: valid.
 value2: 1.1
 value3: -2.0
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid14.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid14.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema14.yaml document14b.yaml
@@ -1207,10 +859,10 @@ mapping:
     mapping:
      "name":
         <strong>&lt;&lt;: *name</strong>             # merge
-        <strong>length: { max: 16 }</strong>   # override
+        <strong>length: { max: 16 }</strong>   # add
      "email":
         <strong>&lt;&lt;: *email</strong>            # merge
-        <strong>required: yes</strong>         # add
+        <strong>required: yes</strong>         # override
 </pre>
 <a name="document15a.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
@@ -1222,7 +874,7 @@ user:
   name: bar
   email: bar@mail.com
 </pre>
-<a name="valid15.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid15.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema15.yaml document15a.yaml
@@ -1237,12 +889,12 @@ document15a.yaml#0: valid.
 user:
   name: toooooo-looooong-name
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid15.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid15.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema15.yaml document15b.yaml
 document15b.yaml#0: INVALID
-  - (line 4) [/user] key 'email:' is required.
+  - (line 5) [/user] key 'email:' is required.
   - (line 5) [/user/name] 'toooooo-looooong-name': too long (length 21 &gt; max 16).
 </pre>
 <br>
@@ -1251,21 +903,602 @@ document15b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <br>
-<a name="actions"></a>
-<h2 class="section1">Actions</h2>
-<p>Kwalify has the command-line '-a <em>action</em>' which perform a certain action to schema definition.
-Currently only the following action is supported.
+<a name="howto"></a>
+<h2 class="section1">How to in Ruby</h2>
+<p>This section describes how to use Kwalify in Ruby.
+</p>
+<a name="howot-validate"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Validation</h3>
+<a name="howto-validation.rb"></a>
+<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
+#require 'yaml'
+## load schema data
+schema = Kwalify::Yaml.load_file('schema.yaml')
+## or
+#schema = YAML.load_file('schema.yaml')
+## create validator
+validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema)
+## load document
+document = Kwalify::Yaml.load_file('document.yaml')
+## or
+#document = YAML.load_file('document.yaml')
+## validate
+errors = validator.validate(document)
+## show errors
+if errors &amp;&amp; !errors.empty?
+  for err in errors
+    puts "[#{err.path}] #{err.message}"
+  end
+end
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="howto-parse"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Parsing with Validation</h3>
+<p>From version 0.7, Kwalify supports parsing with validation.
+</p>
+<a name="howto-validation-with-parsing.rb"></a>
+<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
+#require 'yaml'
+## load schema data
+schema = Kwalify::Yaml.load_file('schema.yaml')
+## or
+#schema = YAML.load_file('schema.yaml')
+## create validator
+validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema)
+## create parser with validator
+## (if validator is ommitted, no validation executed.)
+parser = Kwalify:::Yaml::Parser.new(validator)
+## parse document with validation
+filename = 'document.yaml'
+document = parser.parse_file(filename)
+## or
+#document = parser.parse(File.read(filename), filename)
+## show errors if exist
+errors = parser.errors()
+if errors &amp;&amp; !errors.empty?
+  for e in errors
+    puts "#{e.linenum}:#{e.column} [#{e.path}] #{e.message}"
+  end
+end
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="howto-meta"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Meta Validation</h3>
+<p>Meta validator is a validator which validates schema definition.
+The schema definition is placed at 'kwalify/kwalify.schema.yaml'.
+</p>
+<p>Kwalify also provides Kwalify::MetaValidator class which validates
+schema defition.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
+## meta validator
+metavalidator = Kwalify::MetaValidator.instance
+## validate schema definition
+parser = Kwalify::Yaml::Parser.new(metavalidator)
+errors = parser.parse_file('schema.yaml')
+for e in errors
+  puts "#{e.linenum}:#{e.column} [#{e.path}] #{e.message}"
+end if errors &amp;&amp; !errors.empty?
+</pre>
+<p>Meta validation is also available with command-line option '-m'.
+</p>
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -m schema1.yaml schema2.yaml ...
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="howto-hook"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Validator#validator_hook()</h3>
+<p>You can extend Kwalify::Validator and override Kwalify::Validator#validator_hook() method.
+This method is called by Kwalify::Validator#validate().
+</p>
+<a name="answers-schema.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+answers-schema.yaml : 'name:' is important.</div>
+<pre class="program">type:      map
+mapping:
+ "answers":
+    type:      seq
+    sequence:
+      - type:      map
+        <strong>name:        Answer</strong>
+        mapping:
+         "name":   { type: str, required: yes }
+         "answer": { type: str, required: yes,
+                     enum: [good, not bad, bad] }
+         "reason": { type: str }
+</pre>
+<a name="answers-validator.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+answers-validator.rb : validate script for Ruby</div>
+<pre class="program">#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+require 'kwalify'
+## validator class for answers
+class AnswersValidator &lt; Kwalify::Validator
+   ## load schema definition
+   @@schema = Kwalify::Yaml.load_file('answers-schema.yaml')
+   ## or
+   ##   require 'yaml'
+   ##   @@schema = YAML.load_file('answers-schema.yaml')
+   def initialize()
+      super(@@schema)
+   end
+   ## hook method called by Validator#validate()
+   <strong>def validate_hook(value, rule, path, errors)</strong>
+      <strong>case rule.name</strong>
+      <strong>when 'Answer'</strong>
+         if value['answer'] == 'bad'
+            reason = value['reason']
+            if !reason || reason.empty?
+               msg = "reason is required when answer is 'bad'."
+               errors &lt;&lt; Kwalify::ValidationError.new(msg, path)
+            end
+         end
+      end
+   end
+end
+## create validator
+validator = AnswersValidator.new
+## load YAML document
+input = ARGF.read()
+document = Kwalify::Yaml.load(input)
+## or  document = YAML.load(input)
+## validate
+errors = validator.validate(document)
+if errors.empty?
+   puts "Valid."
+else
+   puts "*** INVALID!"
+   errors.each do |error|
+      # error.class == Kwalify::ValidationError
+      puts " - [#{error.path}] : #{error.message}"
+   end
+end
+</pre>
+<a name="document07a.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+<code>document07a.yaml</code> : valid document example</div>
+<pre class="program">answers:
+  - name:      Foo
+    answer:    good
+    reason:    I like this style.
+  - name:      Bar
+    answer:    not bad
+  - name:      Baz
+    answer:    bad
+    reason:    I don't like this style.
+</pre>
+<a name="valid07.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+validate</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby answers-validator.rb document07a.yaml
+Valid.
+</pre>
+<a name="document07b.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+<code>document07b.yaml</code> : invalid document example</div>
+<pre class="program">answers:
+  - name:    Foo
+    answer:  good
+  - name:    Bar
+    answer:  bad
+  - name:    Baz
+    answer:  not bad
+</pre>
+<a name="invalid07.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+validate</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby answers-validator.rb document07b.yaml
+*** INVALID!
+ - [/answers/1] : reason is required when answer is 'bad'.
+</pre>
+<p>You can validate some document by a Validator instance because Validator class and Validator#validate() method are stateless. If you use instance variables in custom validator_hook() method, it becomes to be stateful.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="howto-preceding"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Preceding Alias</h3>
+<p>From version 0.7, Kwalify allows aliases to appear before corresponding anchors are now appeared.
+These aliases are called as 'preceding alias'.
+</p>
+<a name="howto3.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+howto3.yaml</div>
+<pre class="program">- name: Foo
+  parent: *bar        # preceding alias
+- &amp;bar
+  name: Bar
+  parent: *baz        # preceding alias
+- &amp;baz
+  name: Baz
+  parent: null
+</pre>
+<p>To enable preceding alias, set Kwalify::Yaml::Parser#preceding_alias to true.
+</p>
+<a name="howto3.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+howto3.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
+parser = Kwalify::Yaml::Parser.new
+<strong>parser.preceding_alias = true</strong>   # enable preceding alias
+ydoc = parser.parse_file('howto3.yaml')
+require 'pp'
+pp ydoc
+</pre>
+<a name="howto3.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+result</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby howto3.rb
+[{"name"=&gt;"Foo",
+  "parent"=&gt;{"name"=&gt;"Bar", "parent"=&gt;{"name"=&gt;"Baz", "parent"=&gt;nil}}},
+ {"name"=&gt;"Bar", "parent"=&gt;{"name"=&gt;"Baz", "parent"=&gt;nil}},
+ {"name"=&gt;"Baz", "parent"=&gt;nil}]
+</pre>
+<p>Command-line option '-P' also enables preceding alias.
+</p>
+<p>Preceding alias is very useful when document is complex.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="howto-databinding"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Data Binding</h3>
+<p>From version 0.7, Kwalify supports data binding.
+* To enable data binding, set Kwlaify::Yaml::Parser#data_binding to true.
+* It is required to specify class name in schema definition.
+  (Notice that 'class:' constraint is avaialbe only with rule which type is 'map'.)
+* Also instance methods '[]', '[]=', and 'keys?' must be defined in the classes.
+  (Including Kwalify::Util::HashLike modules is easy way to define them.)
+</p>
+<a name="config.schema.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+config.schema.yaml: schema definition file</div>
+<pre class="program">type:  map
+<strong>class: Config</strong>
+mapping:
+ "host": { type: str, required: true }
+ "port": { type: int }
+ "user": { type: str, required: true }
+ "pass": { type: str, required: true }
+</pre>
+<a name="config.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+config.yaml: data file</div>
+<pre class="program">host:  localhost
+port:  8080
+user:  user1
+pass:  password1
+</pre>
+<a name="loadconfig.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+loadconfig.rb: ruby program</div>
+<pre class="program">## class definition
+require 'kwalify/util/hashlike'
+<strong>class Config</strong>
+  <strong>include Kwalify::Util::HashLike</strong>  # defines [], []=, and keys?
+  attr_accessor :host, :posrt, :user, :pass
+<strong>end</strong>
+## create validator object
+require 'kwalify'
+schema = Kwalify::Yaml.load_file('config.schema.yaml')
+validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema)
+## parse configuration file with data binding
+parser = Kwalify::Yaml::Parser.new(validator)
+<strong>parser.data_binding = true</strong>    # enable data binding
+config = parser.parse_file('config.yaml')
+p config
+</pre>
+<a name="loadconfig.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+result</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby loadconfig.rb
+#&lt;Config:0x542590 @host="localhost", @pass="password1", @port=8080, @user="user1"&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>Data binding is available even when data is more complex.
+Preceding alias is also available.
+</p>
+<p>For example, the following data is complex because it uses anchor and alias (including preceding alias).
+</p>
+<a name="BABEL.data.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+BABEL.data.yaml</div>
+<pre class="program">teams:
+  - &amp;thechildren
+    name:   The Children
+    desc:   Level 7 ESPers
+    chief:  *minamoto                  # preceding alias
+    members:  [*kaoru, *aoi, *shiho]   # preceding aliases
+members:
+  - &amp;minamoto
+    name:   Kohichi Minamoto
+    desc:   Scientist
+    team:   *thechildren
+  - &amp;kaoru
+    name:   Kaoru Akashi
+    desc:   Psychokino
+    team:   *thechildren
+  - &amp;aoi
+    name:   Aoi Nogami
+    desc:   Teleporter
+    team:   *thechildren
+  - &amp;shiho
+    name:   Shiho Sannomiya
+    desc:   Psycometrer
+    team:   *thechildren
+</pre>
+<p>Here is the schema definition.
+(Notice that 'class:' constraint is avaialbe only with rule which type is 'map'.)
+</p>
+<a name="BABEL.schema.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+BABEL.schema.yaml</div>
+<pre class="program">type: map
+required: yes
+mapping:
+ "teams":
+    type: seq
+    required: yes
+    sequence:
+      - &amp;team
+        type:  map
+        required: yes
+        <strong>class:  Team</strong>
+        mapping:
+         "name":  {type: str, required: yes, unique: yes}
+         "desc":  {type: str}
+         "chief":  *member       # preceding alias
+         "members":
+            type: seq
+            sequence: [*member]  # preceding alias
+ "members":
+    type: seq
+    required: yes
+    sequence:
+      - &amp;member
+        type:  map
+        required: yes
+        <strong>class:  Member</strong>
+        mapping:
+         "name":  {type: str, required: yes, unique: yes}
+         "desc":  {type: str}
+         "team":  *team
+</pre>
+<p>It is required to define class 'Team' and 'Member' for data-binding.
+Command-line option '-a genclass-ruby' will help you to generate class definitions from schema definition.
+Try 'kwalify -ha genclass-ruby' for more details about 'genclass-ruby' action.
+</p>
+<a name="babel_genclass.result"></a>
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -a genclass-ruby -P -f BABEL.schema.yaml \
+    --hashlike --initialize=false --module=Babel
+require 'kwalify/util/hashlike'
+module Babel
+  ##
+  class Team
+    include Kwalify::Util::HashLike
+    attr_accessor :name             # str
+    attr_accessor :desc             # str
+    attr_accessor :chief            # map
+    attr_accessor :members          # seq
+  end
+  ##
+  class Member
+    include Kwalify::Util::HashLike
+    attr_accessor :name             # str
+    attr_accessor :desc             # str
+    attr_accessor :team             # map
+  end
+end
+$ kwalify -a genclass-ruby -P -f BABEL.schema.yaml  \
+    --hashlike --initialize=false --module=Babel &gt; models.rb
+</pre>
+<p>Here is the ruby program.
+</p>
+<a name="loadbabel.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+loadbabel.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
+<strong>require 'models'</strong>
+## load schema definition
+schema = Kwalify::Yaml.load_file('BABEL.schema.yaml',
+                                 :untabify=&gt;true,
+                                 :preceding_alias=&gt;true)
+## add module name to 'class:'
+Kwalify::Util.traverse_schema(schema) do |rulehash|
+  if rulehash['class']
+    rulehash['class'] = 'Babel::' + rulehash['class']
+  end
+end
+## create validator
+validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema)
+## parse with data-binding
+parser = Kwalify::Yaml::Parser.new(validator)
+parser.preceding_alias = true
+<strong>parser.data_binding = true</strong>
+ydoc = parser.parse_file('BABEL.data.yaml', :untabify=&gt;true)
+## show document
+require 'pp'
+pp ydoc
+</pre>
+<a name="howto5_databinding.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+result</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby loadbabel.rb
+{"teams"=&gt;
+  [#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8
+    @chief=
+     #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d5e0
+      @desc="Scientist",
+      @name="Kohichi Minamoto",
+      @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+    @desc="Level 7 ESPers",
+    @members=
+     [#&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d018
+       @desc="Psychokino",
+       @name="Kaoru Akashi",
+       @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+      #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53ca50
+       @desc="Teleporter",
+       @name="Aoi Nogami",
+       @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+      #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53c488
+       @desc="Psycometrer",
+       @name="Shiho Sannomiya",
+       @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;],
+    @name="The Children"&gt;],
+ "members"=&gt;
+  [#&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d5e0
+    @desc="Scientist",
+    @name="Kohichi Minamoto",
+    @team=
+     #&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8
+      @chief=#&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d5e0 ...&gt;,
+      @desc="Level 7 ESPers",
+      @members=
+       [#&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d018
+         @desc="Psychokino",
+         @name="Kaoru Akashi",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53ca50
+         @desc="Teleporter",
+         @name="Aoi Nogami",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53c488
+         @desc="Psycometrer",
+         @name="Shiho Sannomiya",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;],
+      @name="The Children"&gt;&gt;,
+   #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d018
+    @desc="Psychokino",
+    @name="Kaoru Akashi",
+    @team=
+     #&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8
+      @chief=
+       #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d5e0
+        @desc="Scientist",
+        @name="Kohichi Minamoto",
+        @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+      @desc="Level 7 ESPers",
+      @members=
+       [#&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d018 ...&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53ca50
+         @desc="Teleporter",
+         @name="Aoi Nogami",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53c488
+         @desc="Psycometrer",
+         @name="Shiho Sannomiya",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;],
+      @name="The Children"&gt;&gt;,
+   #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53ca50
+    @desc="Teleporter",
+    @name="Aoi Nogami",
+    @team=
+     #&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8
+      @chief=
+       #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d5e0
+        @desc="Scientist",
+        @name="Kohichi Minamoto",
+        @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+      @desc="Level 7 ESPers",
+      @members=
+       [#&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d018
+         @desc="Psychokino",
+         @name="Kaoru Akashi",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53ca50 ...&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53c488
+         @desc="Psycometrer",
+         @name="Shiho Sannomiya",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;],
+      @name="The Children"&gt;&gt;,
+   #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53c488
+    @desc="Psycometrer",
+    @name="Shiho Sannomiya",
+    @team=
+     #&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8
+      @chief=
+       #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d5e0
+        @desc="Scientist",
+        @name="Kohichi Minamoto",
+        @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+      @desc="Level 7 ESPers",
+      @members=
+       [#&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d018
+         @desc="Psychokino",
+         @name="Kaoru Akashi",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53ca50
+         @desc="Teleporter",
+         @name="Aoi Nogami",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53c488 ...&gt;],
+      @name="The Children"&gt;&gt;]}
+</pre>
+<br>
+<br>
+<a name="actions"></a>
+<h2 class="section1">Actions</h2>
+<p>Kwalify has the command-line '-a <em>action</em>' which perform a certain action to schema definition.
+Currently only the following actions are provided.
+</p>
+<dl class="dl2">
+<dt class="dt2">
+genclass-ruby</dt>
+<dd class="dd2">
+<p>	Generate class definitions in Ruby.
 </p>
-<dl class="dl3">
-<dt class="dt3"><strong>
-genclass-ruby </strong></dt>
-<dd class="dd3">
-	Generate class definitions in Ruby.
 </dd>
-<dt class="dt3"><strong>
-genclass-java </strong></dt>
-<dd class="dd3">
-	Generate class definitions in Java.
+<dt class="dt2">
+genclass-java</dt>
+<dd class="dd2">
+<p>	Generate class definitions in Java.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt2">
+genclass-php</dt>
+<dd class="dd2">
+<p>	Generate class definitions in Ruby.
+</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 <p>In fact action name represents template filename.
@@ -1275,6 +1508,9 @@ For example, action 'genclass-ruby' invokes template file 'kwalify/templates/gen
 For example, action 'genclass-ruby' can accept the command-line properties '--module=<em>name</em>', '--parent=<em>name</em>', and so on.
 Type 'kwalify -h -a <em>action</em>' to show the list of command-line properties the action can accept.
 </p>
+<p>It is able to add your on action template file.
+The command-line option '-I' (template path) will help you.
+</p>
 <a name="action-genclass"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">Class Definition Generation</h3>
 <p>Command-line option '-a genclass-ruby' or '-a genclass-java' generates class definition
@@ -1282,9 +1518,9 @@ automatically from schema definition in Ruby or Java.
 </p>
 <p>Assume the following data file and schema definition.
 </p>
-<a name="address-book.yaml"></a>
+<a name="address_book.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>address-book.yaml</code> : data file</div>
+<code>address_book.yaml</code> : data file</div>
 <pre class="program">groups:
   - name:   family
@@ -1296,7 +1532,7 @@ automatically from schema definition in Ruby or Java.
   - name:   business
     desc:   those who works together
-persons:
+people:
   - name:   Sumire
     group:  family
@@ -1313,27 +1549,27 @@ persons:
     email:  cherry@mail.net
     phone:  012-345-6789
 </pre>
-<a name="address-book.schema.yaml"></a>
+<a name="address_book.schema.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>address-book.schema.yaml</code> : schema definition file</div>
+<code>address_book.schema.yaml</code> : schema definition file</div>
 <pre class="program">type:  map
-<strong>classname:  AddressBook</strong>
+<strong>class:  AddressBook</strong>
 desc:  address-book class
 mapping:
  "groups":
     type:  seq
     sequence:
       - type:  map
-        <strong>classname:  Group</strong>
+        <strong>class:  Group</strong>
         desc:  group class
         mapping:
          "name":  { type: str,  required: yes }
          "desc":  { type: str }
- "persons":
+ "people":
     type:  seq
     sequence:
       - type:  map
-        <strong>classname:  Person</strong>
+        <strong>class:  Person</strong>
         desc:  person class
         mapping:
          "name":  { type: str, required: yes }
@@ -1343,81 +1579,95 @@ mapping:
          "phone": { type: str }
          "birth": { type: date }
          "blood": { type: str, enum: [A, B, O, AB] }
+         "deleted": { type: bool, <strong>default: false</strong> }
 </pre>
 <a name="action-genclass-ruby"></a>
 <h4 class="section3">Ruby Class Definition</h4>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 generate class definition</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify <strong>-a genclass-ruby</strong> -tf address-book.schema.yaml &gt; address-book.rb
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify <strong>-a genclass-ruby</strong> -tf address_book.schema.yaml &gt; address_book.rb
 </pre>
-<a name="address-book.rb"></a>
+<a name="address_book.rb"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>address-book.rb</code> : generated class definition</div>
+<code>address_book.rb</code> : generated class definition</div>
 <pre class="program">## address-book class
 class AddressBook
-  def initialize(hash)
-    @persons    = (v=hash['persons']) ? v.map!{|e| e.is_a?(Person) ? e : Person.new(e)} : v
-    @groups     = (v=hash['groups']) ? v.map!{|e| e.is_a?(Group) ? e : Group.new(e)} : v
+  def initialize(hash=nil)
+    if hash.nil?
+      return
+    end
+    @groups           = (v=hash['groups']) ? v.map!{|e| e.is_a?(Group) ? e : Group.new(e)} : v
+    @people           = (v=hash['people']) ? v.map!{|e| e.is_a?(Person) ? e : Person.new(e)} : v
   end
-  attr_accessor :persons    # seq
-  attr_accessor :groups     # seq
-end
-## person class
-class Person
-  def initialize(hash)
-    @name       = hash['name']
-    @desc       = hash['desc']
-    @phone      = hash['phone']
-    @blood      = hash['blood']
-    @group      = hash['group']
-    @birth      = hash['birth']
-    @email      = hash['email']
-  end
-  attr_accessor :name       # str
-  attr_accessor :desc       # str
-  attr_accessor :phone      # str
-  attr_accessor :blood      # str
-  attr_accessor :group      # str
-  attr_accessor :birth      # date
-  attr_accessor :email      # str
+  attr_accessor :groups           # seq
+  attr_accessor :people           # seq
 end
 ## group class
 class Group
-  def initialize(hash)
-    @name       = hash['name']
-    @desc       = hash['desc']
+  def initialize(hash=nil)
+    if hash.nil?
+      return
+    end
+    @name             = hash['name']
+    @desc             = hash['desc']
   end
-  attr_accessor :name       # str
-  attr_accessor :desc       # str
+  attr_accessor :name             # str
+  attr_accessor :desc             # str
 end
+## person class
+class Person
+  def initialize(hash=nil)
+    if hash.nil?
+      @deleted          = false
+      return
+    end
+    @name             = hash['name']
+    @desc             = hash['desc']
+    @group            = hash['group']
+    @email            = hash['email']
+    @phone            = hash['phone']
+    @birth            = hash['birth']
+    @blood            = hash['blood']
+    @deleted          = (v=hash['deleted']).nil? ? false : v
+  end
+  attr_accessor :name             # str
+  attr_accessor :desc             # str
+  attr_accessor :group            # str
+  attr_accessor :email            # str
+  attr_accessor :phone            # str
+  attr_accessor :birth            # date
+  attr_accessor :blood            # str
+  attr_accessor :deleted          # bool
+  def deleted?      ;  @deleted      ; end
+end
 </pre>
-<a name="example-address-book.rb"></a>
+<a name="example_address_book.rb"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>example-address-book.rb</code> : example code of using address-book.rb</div>
-<pre class="program">require 'address-book'
+<code>example_address_book.rb</code> : example code of using address-book.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'address_book'
 require 'yaml'
 require 'pp'
-str = File.read('address-book.yaml')
+str = File.read('address_book.yaml')
 ydoc = YAML.load(str)
 <strong>addrbook = AddressBook.new(ydoc)</strong>
 pp <strong>addrbook.groups</strong>
-pp <strong>addrbook.persons</strong>
+pp <strong>addrbook.people</strong>
 </pre>
-<a name="example-address-book.expected"></a>
+<a name="example_address_book_ruby.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 result</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ ruby example-address-book.rb
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby example_address_book.rb
 [#&lt;Group:0xddf24 @desc="my family", @name="family"&gt;,
  #&lt;Group:0xddf10 @desc="my friends", @name="friend"&gt;,
  #&lt;Group:0xdde84 @desc="those who works together", @name="business"&gt;]
 [#&lt;Person:0xdefdc
   @birth=#&lt;Date: 4903089/2,0,2299161&gt;,
   @blood="A",
+  @deleted=false,
   @desc=nil,
   @email=nil,
   @group="family",
@@ -1426,6 +1676,7 @@ result</div>
  #&lt;Person:0xdee9c
   @birth=#&lt;Date: 4899437/2,0,2299161&gt;,
   @blood=nil,
+  @deleted=false,
   @desc=nil,
   @email="shiina@mail.org",
   @group="friend",
@@ -1434,6 +1685,7 @@ result</div>
  #&lt;Person:0xde8e8
   @birth=nil,
   @blood=nil,
+  @deleted=false,
   @desc=nil,
   @email="cherry@mail.net",
   @group="business",
@@ -1442,37 +1694,40 @@ result</div>
 </pre>
 <p>Command-line option '<code>-h -a genclass-ruby</code>' shows the commpand-line properties that template can accept.
 </p>
-<a name="option_ha.expected"></a>
+<a name="option_ha.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 show command-line properties</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -ha genclass-ruby
   --module=name   :  module name in which class defined
   --parent=name   :  parent class name
   --include=name  :  module name which all classes include
+  --initialize=false :  not print initialize() method
+  --hashlike      :  include Kwalify::Util::HashLike module
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 example of command-line properties</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -a genclass-ruby --module=My --include=Kwalify::HashInterface
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -a genclass-ruby --module=My --hashlike
 </pre>
-<p>'Kwalify::HashInterface' is a module which make object accessible like as Hash.
-It is defined in 'kwalify/util/hash-interface.rb'
+<p>If command-line property '--hashlike' (== '--hashlike=true') is specified,
+module Kwalify::Util::HashLike is included for each classes generated.
+That module is defined in 'kwalify/util/hashlike.rb'
 </p>
 <br>
 <a name="action-genclass-java"></a>
 <h4 class="section3">Java Class Definition</h4>
-<a name="genclass_java.expected"></a>
+<a name="genclass_java.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 generate java class definition</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify <strong>-a genclass-java</strong> -tf address-book.schema.yaml
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify <strong>-a genclass-java</strong> -tf address_book.schema.yaml
 generating ./AddressBook.java...done.
-generating ./Person.java...done.
 generating ./Group.java...done.
+generating ./Person.java...done.
 </pre>
 <a name="AddressBook.java.expected"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 <code>AddressBook.java</code> : generated class definition</div>
-<pre class="program">// generated by kwalify from address-book.schema.yaml
+<pre class="program">// generated by kwalify from address_book.schema.yaml
 import java.util.*;
@@ -1481,42 +1736,42 @@ import java.util.*;
  */
 public class AddressBook {
-    private List _persons;
     private List _groups;
+    private List _people;
     public AddressBook() {}
     public AddressBook(Map map) {
         List seq;
         Object obj;
-        if ((seq = (List)map.get("persons")) != null) {
+        if ((seq = (List)map.get("groups")) != null) {
             for (int i = 0; i &lt; seq.size(); i++) {
                 if ((obj = seq.get(i)) instanceof Map) {
-                    seq.set(i, new Person((Map)obj));
+                    seq.set(i, new Group((Map)obj));
                 }
             }
         }
-        _persons      = seq;
-        if ((seq = (List)map.get("groups")) != null) {
+        _groups       = seq;
+        if ((seq = (List)map.get("people")) != null) {
             for (int i = 0; i &lt; seq.size(); i++) {
                 if ((obj = seq.get(i)) instanceof Map) {
-                    seq.set(i, new Group((Map)obj));
+                    seq.set(i, new Person((Map)obj));
                 }
             }
         }
-        _groups       = seq;
+        _people       = seq;
     }
-    public List getPersons() { return _persons; }
-    public void setPersons(List persons_) { _persons = persons_; }
     public List getGroups() { return _groups; }
     public void setGroups(List groups_) { _groups = groups_; }
+    public List getPeople() { return _people; }
+    public void setPeople(List people_) { _people = people_; }
 }
 </pre>
 <a name="Group.java.expected"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 <code>Group.java</code> : generated class definition</div>
-<pre class="program">// generated by kwalify from address-book.schema.yaml
+<pre class="program">// generated by kwalify from address_book.schema.yaml
 import java.util.*;
@@ -1544,7 +1799,7 @@ public class Group {
 <a name="Person.java.expected"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 <code>Person.java</code> : generated class definition</div>
-<pre class="program">// generated by kwalify from address-book.schema.yaml
+<pre class="program">// generated by kwalify from address_book.schema.yaml
 import java.util.*;
@@ -1555,38 +1810,38 @@ public class Person {
     private String _name;
     private String _desc;
-    private String _phone;
-    private String _blood;
     private String _group;
-    private Date _birth;
     private String _email;
+    private String _phone;
+    private Date _birth;
+    private String _blood;
     public Person() {}
     public Person(Map map) {
         _name         = (String)map.get("name");
         _desc         = (String)map.get("desc");
-        _phone        = (String)map.get("phone");
-        _blood        = (String)map.get("blood");
         _group        = (String)map.get("group");
-        _birth        = (Date)map.get("birth");
         _email        = (String)map.get("email");
+        _phone        = (String)map.get("phone");
+        _birth        = (Date)map.get("birth");
+        _blood        = (String)map.get("blood");
     }
     public String getName() { return _name; }
     public void setName(String name_) { _name = name_; }
     public String getDesc() { return _desc; }
     public void setDesc(String desc_) { _desc = desc_; }
-    public String getPhone() { return _phone; }
-    public void setPhone(String phone_) { _phone = phone_; }
-    public String getBlood() { return _blood; }
-    public void setBlood(String blood_) { _blood = blood_; }
     public String getGroup() { return _group; }
     public void setGroup(String group_) { _group = group_; }
-    public Date getBirth() { return _birth; }
-    public void setBirth(Date birth_) { _birth = birth_; }
     public String getEmail() { return _email; }
     public void setEmail(String email_) { _email = email_; }
+    public String getPhone() { return _phone; }
+    public void setPhone(String phone_) { _phone = phone_; }
+    public Date getBirth() { return _birth; }
+    public void setBirth(Date birth_) { _birth = birth_; }
+    public String getBlood() { return _blood; }
+    public void setBlood(String blood_) { _blood = blood_; }
 }
 </pre>
 <a name="ExampleAddressBook.java"></a>
@@ -1598,12 +1853,12 @@ import kwalify.*;
 public class ExampleAddressBook {
     public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
         // read schema
-        String schema_str = Util.readFile("address-book.schema.yaml");
+        String schema_str = Util.readFile("address_book.schema.yaml");
         schema_str = Util.untabify(schema_str);
         Object schema = new YamlParser(schema_str).parse();
         // read document file
-        String document_str = Util.readFile("address-book.yaml");
+        String document_str = Util.readFile("address_book.yaml");
         document_str = Util.untabify(document_str);
         YamlParser parser = new YamlParser(document_str);
         Object document = parser.parse();
@@ -1622,10 +1877,10 @@ public class ExampleAddressBook {
             }
         }
-        // show persons
-        List persons = addrbook.getPersons();
-        if (persons != null) {
-            for (Iterator it = persons.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
+        // show people
+        List people = addrbook.getPeople();
+        if (people != null) {
+            for (Iterator it = people.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
                 Person person = (Person)it.next();
                 System.out.println("person name:  " + person.getName());
                 System.out.println("person group: " + person.getGroup());
@@ -1640,7 +1895,7 @@ public class ExampleAddressBook {
 }
 </pre>
-<a name="example-address-book-java.expected"></a>
+<a name="example_address_book_java.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 result</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ javac -classpath '.:kwalify.jar' *.java
@@ -1678,7 +1933,7 @@ person birth: null
 </pre>
 <p>Command-line option '<code>-h -a genclass-java</code>' shows the commpand-line properties that template can accept.
 </p>
-<a name="option_ha_genclass_java.expected"></a>
+<a name="option_ha_genclass_java.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 show command-line properties</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -ha genclass-java
@@ -1687,6 +1942,7 @@ show command-line properties</div>
   --implements=name,... :  interface names to implement
   --dir=path            :  directory to locate output file
   --basedir=path        :  base directory to locate output file
+  --constructor=false   :  not print initialize() method
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 example of command-line properties</div>
@@ -1700,25 +1956,16 @@ example of command-line properties</div>
 <br>
-<a name="usage"></a>
-<h2 class="section1">Usage of Kwalify</h2>
-<a name="usage1"></a>
+<a name="ref"></a>
+<h2 class="section1">References</h2>
+<a name="ref-usage"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">Usage in Command-Line</h3>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
-usage1: validate YAML document in command-line</div>
-<pre class="terminal">### kwalify-ruby
+</div>
+<pre class="terminal">### usage1: validate YAML document in command-line
 $ kwalify -f schema.yaml document.yaml [document2.yaml ...]
-### kwalify-java
-$ java -classpath kwalify.jar kwalify.Main -f schema.yaml document.yaml [document2.yaml ...]
-</pre>
-<div class="terminal_caption">
-usage2: validate schema definition in command-line</div>
-<pre class="terminal">### kwalify-ruby
+### usage2: validate schema definition in command-line
 $ kwalify -m schema.yaml [schema2.yaml ...]
-### kwalify-java
-$ java -classpath kwalify.jar kwalify.Main -m schema.yaml [schema2.yaml ...]
 </pre>
 <p>Command-line options:
 </p>
@@ -1734,9 +1981,14 @@ $ java -classpath kwalify.jar kwalify.Main -m schema.yaml [schema2.yaml ...]
 	Print version.
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
+<code>-q</code> </strong></dt>
+<dd class="dd3">
+	Quiet mode.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>-s</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
-	Silent mode.
+	(Obsolete. Use '-q' instead.) Silent mode.
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>-f <em>schema.yaml</em></code> </strong></dt>
@@ -1769,104 +2021,17 @@ $ java -classpath kwalify.jar kwalify.Main -m schema.yaml [schema2.yaml ...]
 	Do action. Currently supported action is 'genclass-ruby' and 'genclass-java'.
 	Try '-ha action' to get help about the action.
 </dd>
+<dt class="dt3"><strong>
+<code>-I path1,path2,...</code> </strong></dt>
+<dd class="dd3">
+	Template path (for '-a').
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt3"><strong>
+<code>-P</code> </strong></dt>
+<dd class="dd3">
+	Enable preceding alias.
+</dd>
 </dl>
-<p>Notice that the command-line option <code>-l</code> is an experimental feature, for kwalify command use original YAML parser instead of Syck parser when this option is specified.
-</p>
-<p>If you are an Emacs user, try <code>-E</code> option that show errors in format which Emacs can parse and jump to errors.
-You can use <code>C-x `</code> (next-error) to jump into errors.
-</p>
-<br>
-<a name="usage-ruby"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Usage in Ruby Script</h3>
-<p>The followings are example scripts for Ruby.
-</p>
-<div class="program_caption">
-validate YAML document in Ruby script</div>
-<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
-## parse schema definition and create validator
-schema = YAML.load_file('schema.yaml')
-validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema)  # raises Kwalify::SchemaError if wrong
-## validate YAML document
-document = YAML.load_file('document.yaml')
-error_list = validator.validate(document)
-unless error_list.empty?
-   error_list.each do |error|     # error is instance of Kwalify::ValidationError
-      puts "[#{error.path}] #{error.message}"
-   end
-end
-</pre>
-<div class="program_caption">
-validate YAML document and show linenumber on where error is found.</div>
-<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
-## parse schema definition and create validator
-schema = YAML.load_file('schema.yaml')
-validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema)  # raises Kwalify::SchemaError if wrong
-## parse YAML document with Kwalify's parser
-str = File.read('document.yaml')
-parser = Kwalify::Parser.new(str)
-document = parser.parse()
-## validate document and show errors
-error_list = validator.validate(document)
-unless error_list.empty?
-   parser.set_errors_linenum(error_list)  # set linenum on error
-   error_list.sort.each do |error|
-      puts "(line %d)[%s] %s" % [error.linenum, error.path, error.message]
-   end
-end
-</pre>
-<p>Kwalify's YAML parser is experimental. You should notice that Kwalify's YAML parser is limited only for basic syntax of YAML.
-</p>
-<br>
-<a name="usage-java"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Usage in Java Program</h3>
-<p>The followings are example programs of Java.
-</p>
-<div class="program_caption">
-validate YAML document and show linenumber on where error is found.</div>
-<pre class="program">import kwalify.*;
-public class Test {
-  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
-    // read schema
-    String schema_str = Util.readFile("schema.yaml");
-    schema_str = Util.untabify(schema_str);
-    Object schema = new YamlParser(schema_str).parse();
-    // read document file
-    String document_str = Util.readFile("document.yaml");
-    document_str = Util.untabify(document_str);
-    YamlParser parser = new YamlParser(document_str);
-    Object document = parser.parse();
-    // create validator and validate
-    Validator validator = new Validator(schema);
-    List errors = validator.validate(document);
-    // show errors
-    if (errors != null &amp;&amp; errors.size() &gt; 0) {
-      parser.setErrorsLineNumber(errors);
-      Collections.sort(errors);
-      for (Iterator it = errors.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
-        ValidationException error = (ValidationException)it.next();
-        int linenum = error.getLineNumber();
-        String path = error.getPath();
-        String mesg = error.getMessage();
-        System.out.println("- " + linenum + ": [" + path + "] " + mesg);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-</pre>
 <br>