RubyGems - kwalify - Versions diffs - 0.6.1 → 0.7.0 - Mend

kwalify 0.6.1 → 0.7.0

Files changed (219) hide show

data/CHANGES.txt +232 -0
data/MIT-LICENSE +20 -0
data/README.txt +16 -19
data/bin/kwalify +3 -3
data/contrib/inline-require +6 -4
data/contrib/kwalify +3719 -2427
data/doc-api/classes/CommandOptionError.html +17 -17
data/doc-api/classes/CommandOptionParser.html +63 -63
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify.html +29 -7
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/AssertionError.html +9 -9
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html +72 -71
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html +461 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/CommandOptionError.html +11 -11
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html +51 -46
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/HashInterface.html +13 -135
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Json.html +105 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Main.html +129 -126
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html +248 -232
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Parser.html +12 -12
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html +166 -163
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser/Alias.html +11 -11
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Rule.html +152 -130
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/SchemaError.html +10 -10
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/SyntaxError.html +185 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Types.html +26 -25
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Util.html +389 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Util/HashLike.html +246 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html +330 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/ValidationError.html +10 -10
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Validator.html +153 -86
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Yaml.html +181 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html +1538 -0
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html +190 -183
data/doc-api/classes/Kwalify/YamlSyntaxError.html +8 -57
data/doc-api/created.rid +1 -1
data/doc-api/files/__/README_txt.html +17 -22
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/errors_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/main_rb.html +4 -3
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/messages_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/meta-validator_rb.html +3 -3
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/{util/yaml-helper_rb.html → parser/base_rb.html} +8 -6
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/parser/yaml_rb.html +117 -0
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/rule_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/types_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/util/assert-text-equal_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/util/hash-interface_rb.html +9 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/util/hashlike_rb.html +107 -0
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/util/option-parser_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/util/ordered-hash_rb.html +107 -0
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/util/testcase-helper_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/util_rb.html +107 -0
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/validator_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify/yaml-parser_rb.html +2 -2
data/doc-api/files/kwalify_rb.html +3 -2
data/doc-api/fr_class_index.html +8 -1
data/doc-api/fr_file_index.html +5 -1
data/doc-api/fr_method_index.html +128 -69
data/doc/img/fig01.png +0 -0
data/doc/users-guide.html +882 -717
data/examples/address-book/address-book.schema.yaml +2 -2
data/examples/data-binding/BABEL.data.yaml +63 -0
data/examples/data-binding/BABEL.schema.yaml +31 -0
data/examples/data-binding/Makefile +8 -0
data/examples/data-binding/Rakefile +13 -0
data/examples/data-binding/main.rb +27 -0
data/examples/invoice/invoice.schema.yaml +3 -3
data/examples/tapkit/tapkit.schema.yaml +2 -2
data/lib/kwalify.rb +41 -4
data/lib/kwalify/errors.rb +118 -96
data/lib/kwalify/kwalify.schema.yaml +58 -0
data/lib/kwalify/main.rb +384 -377
data/lib/kwalify/messages.rb +41 -27
data/lib/kwalify/meta-validator.rb +251 -331
data/lib/kwalify/parser/base.rb +127 -0
data/lib/kwalify/parser/yaml.rb +837 -0
data/lib/kwalify/rule.rb +545 -487
data/lib/kwalify/templates/genclass-java.eruby +189 -162
data/lib/kwalify/templates/genclass-php.eruby +104 -0
data/lib/kwalify/templates/genclass-ruby.eruby +95 -66
data/lib/kwalify/types.rb +107 -106
data/lib/kwalify/util.rb +157 -0
data/lib/kwalify/util/assert-text-equal.rb +33 -31
data/lib/kwalify/util/hash-interface.rb +11 -30
data/lib/kwalify/util/hashlike.rb +51 -0
data/lib/kwalify/util/option-parser.rb +144 -144
data/lib/kwalify/util/ordered-hash.rb +57 -0
data/lib/kwalify/util/testcase-helper.rb +3 -3
data/lib/kwalify/validator.rb +267 -212
data/lib/kwalify/yaml-parser.rb +822 -768
data/setup.rb +861 -607
data/test/Rookbook.yaml +10 -0
data/test/{tmp.dir/Context.java → data/users-guide/AddressBook.java.expected} +11 -11
data/test/data/users-guide/BABEL.data.yaml +24 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/BABEL.schema.yaml +30 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/ExampleAddressBook.java +47 -0
data/test/{tmp.dir/Group.java → data/users-guide/Group.java.expected} +2 -11
data/test/data/users-guide/Person.java.expected +44 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/address_book.rb +52 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/address_book.schema.yaml +28 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/address_book.yaml +27 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/answers-schema.yaml +12 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/answers-validator.rb +52 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/babel_genclass.result +26 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/config.schema.yaml +7 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/config.yaml +4 -0
data/test/{tmp.dir/silent1.document → data/users-guide/document01a.yaml} +0 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document01b.yaml +3 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document02a.yaml +4 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document02b.yaml +4 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document03a.yaml +6 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document03b.yaml +6 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document04a.yaml +9 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document04b.yaml +9 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document05a.yaml +11 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document05b.yaml +12 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document06a.yaml +15 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document06b.yaml +16 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document07a.yaml +9 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document07b.yaml +7 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document12a.json +10 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document12b.json +6 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document13a.yaml +17 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document14a.yaml +3 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document14b.yaml +3 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document15a.yaml +6 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/document15b.yaml +5 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/example_address_book.rb +10 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/example_address_book_java.result +32 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/example_address_book_ruby.result +31 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/genclass_java.result +4 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/howto-validation-with-parsing.rb +28 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/howto-validation.rb +25 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/howto3.rb +6 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/howto3.result +5 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/howto3.yaml +8 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/howto5_databinding.result +111 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid01.result +3 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid02.result +5 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid03.result +5 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid04.result +4 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid05.result +11 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid06.result +4 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid07.result +3 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid08.result +3 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid12.json +8 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid14.result +4 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/invalid15.result +4 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/loadbabel.rb +27 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/loadconfig.rb +15 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/loadconfig.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/models.rb +22 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/option_ha.result +6 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/option_ha_genclass_java.result +7 -0
data/test/{tmp.dir/meta1.schema → data/users-guide/schema01.yaml} +0 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema02.yaml +12 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema03.yaml +9 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema04.yaml +20 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema05.yaml +29 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema06.yaml +11 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema12.json +12 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema13.yaml +13 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema14.yaml +5 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/schema15.yaml +21 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid01.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid02.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid03.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid04.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid05.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid06.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid07.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid08.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid12.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid13.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid14.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/valid15.result +2 -0
data/test/data/users-guide/validate08.rb +37 -0
data/test/test-action.rb +78 -0
data/test/test-action.yaml +738 -0
data/test/test-databinding.rb +80 -0
data/test/test-databinding.yaml +301 -0
data/test/test-main.rb +129 -150
data/test/test-main.yaml +126 -321
data/test/test-metavalidator.rb +47 -47
data/test/test-metavalidator.yaml +77 -21
data/test/test-parser-yaml.rb +57 -0
data/test/test-parser-yaml.yaml +1749 -0
data/test/test-rule.rb +14 -15
data/test/test-rule.yaml +6 -3
data/test/test-users-guide.rb +75 -0
data/test/test-validator.rb +77 -52
data/test/test-validator.yaml +168 -6
data/test/test-yaml-parser.rb +47 -0
data/test/{test-yamlparser.yaml → test-yaml-parser.yaml} +159 -52
data/test/test.rb +37 -21
metadata +136 -37
data/COPYING +0 -340
data/ChangeLog +0 -70
data/doc-api/classes/YamlHelper.html +0 -259
data/lib/kwalify/util/yaml-helper.rb +0 -82
data/test/test-yamlparser.rb +0 -58
data/test/tmp.dir/User.java +0 -43
data/test/tmp.dir/action1.document +0 -18
data/test/tmp.dir/action1.schema +0 -32
data/test/tmp.dir/action2.document +0 -18
data/test/tmp.dir/action2.schema +0 -32
data/test/tmp.dir/emacs.document +0 -6
data/test/tmp.dir/emacs.schema +0 -6
data/test/tmp.dir/meta1.document +0 -0
data/test/tmp.dir/meta2.document +0 -0
data/test/tmp.dir/meta2.schema +0 -3
data/test/tmp.dir/silent1.schema +0 -3
data/test/tmp.dir/silent2.document +0 -7
data/test/tmp.dir/silent2.schema +0 -3
data/test/tmp.dir/stream.invalid +0 -8
data/test/tmp.dir/stream.schema +0 -3
data/test/tmp.dir/stream.valid +0 -8
data/test/tmp.dir/untabify.document +0 -5
data/test/tmp.dir/untabify.schema +0 -10
data/todo.txt +0 -34

data/doc-api/files/kwalify/yaml-parser_rb.html CHANGED

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
     </tr>
     <tr class="top-aligned-row">
       <td><strong>Last Update:</strong></td>
-      <td>Tue May 30 13:32:07 JST 2006</td>
+      <td>Thu Jan 17 21:21:16 +0900 2008</td>
     </tr>
     </table>
   </div>
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
     <div id="description">
       <p>
-$Rev: 51 $ $Release: 0.6.1 $ copyright(c) 2005 kuwata-lab all rights reserved.
+$Rev: 81 $ $Release: 0.7.0 $ copyright(c) 2005-2008 kuwata-lab all rights reserved.
 </p>
     </div>

data/doc-api/files/kwalify_rb.html CHANGED

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
     </tr>
     <tr class="top-aligned-row">
       <td><strong>Last Update:</strong></td>
-      <td>Sun May 14 13:59:04 JST 2006</td>
+      <td>Sun Jan 27 22:49:22 +0900 2008</td>
     </tr>
     </table>
   </div>
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@
     <div id="description">
       <p>
-$Rev: 48 $ $Release: 0.6.1 $ copyright(c) 2005 kuwata-lab all rights reserved.
+$Rev: 95 $ $Release: 0.7.0 $ copyright(c) 2006 kuwata-lab.com all rights
+reserved.
 </p>
     </div>

data/doc-api/fr_class_index.html CHANGED

@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@
     <a href="classes/Kwalify.html">Kwalify</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/AssertionError.html">Kwalify::AssertionError</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html">Kwalify::BaseError</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html">Kwalify::BaseParser</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/CommandOptionError.html">Kwalify::CommandOptionError</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html">Kwalify::ErrorHelper</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/HashInterface.html">Kwalify::HashInterface</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Json.html">Kwalify::Json</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/KwalifyError.html">Kwalify::KwalifyError</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html">Kwalify::Main</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html">Kwalify::MetaValidator</a><br />
@@ -36,14 +38,19 @@
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser/Alias.html">Kwalify::PlainYamlParser::Alias</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html">Kwalify::Rule</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/SchemaError.html">Kwalify::SchemaError</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/SyntaxError.html">Kwalify::SyntaxError</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html">Kwalify::Types</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util.html">Kwalify::Util</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/HashLike.html">Kwalify::Util::HashLike</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html">Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/ValidationError.html">Kwalify::ValidationError</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html">Kwalify::Validator</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml.html">Kwalify::Yaml</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html">Kwalify::Yaml::Parser</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html">Kwalify::YamlParser</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlSyntaxError.html">Kwalify::YamlSyntaxError</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Test.html">Test</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Test/Unit.html">Test::Unit</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/YamlHelper.html">YamlHelper</a><br />
   </div>
 </div>
 </body>

data/doc-api/fr_file_index.html CHANGED

@@ -26,13 +26,17 @@
     <a href="files/kwalify/main_rb.html">kwalify/main.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/messages_rb.html">kwalify/messages.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/meta-validator_rb.html">kwalify/meta-validator.rb</a><br />
+    <a href="files/kwalify/parser/base_rb.html">kwalify/parser/base.rb</a><br />
+    <a href="files/kwalify/parser/yaml_rb.html">kwalify/parser/yaml.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/rule_rb.html">kwalify/rule.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/types_rb.html">kwalify/types.rb</a><br />
+    <a href="files/kwalify/util_rb.html">kwalify/util.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/util/assert-text-equal_rb.html">kwalify/util/assert-text-equal.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/util/hash-interface_rb.html">kwalify/util/hash-interface.rb</a><br />
+    <a href="files/kwalify/util/hashlike_rb.html">kwalify/util/hashlike.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/util/option-parser_rb.html">kwalify/util/option-parser.rb</a><br />
+    <a href="files/kwalify/util/ordered-hash_rb.html">kwalify/util/ordered-hash.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/util/testcase-helper_rb.html">kwalify/util/testcase-helper.rb</a><br />
-    <a href="files/kwalify/util/yaml-helper_rb.html">kwalify/util/yaml-helper.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/validator_rb.html">kwalify/validator.rb</a><br />
     <a href="files/kwalify/yaml-parser_rb.html">kwalify/yaml-parser.rb</a><br />
   </div>

data/doc-api/fr_method_index.html CHANGED

@@ -20,88 +20,147 @@
 <div id="index">
   <h1 class="section-bar">Methods</h1>
   <div id="index-entries">
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000035"><=> (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/HashInterface.html#M000015">[] (Kwalify::HashInterface)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/HashInterface.html#M000016">[]= (Kwalify::HashInterface)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000023">_build_message (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000025">_inspect (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000039">_inspect (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html#M000058">_inspect (Kwalify::Rule)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000028">_validate (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000073">add_to_map (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000051">add_to_map (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000048">add_to_seq (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000070">add_to_seq (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000020">assert_error (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000084"><=> (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/HashLike.html#M000025">[] (Kwalify::Util::HashLike)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/HashLike.html#M000026">[]= (Kwalify::Util::HashLike)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000033">[]= (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000018">_build_message (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000098">_getch (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000071">_getclass (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html#M000118">_init (Kwalify::Rule)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000075">_inspect (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000088">_inspect (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html#M000120">_inspect (Kwalify::Rule)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000093">_set_column_and_linenum (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000042">_set_error_info (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000100">_syntax_error (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000078">_validate (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000057">_validate_map_value (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000079">_validate_unique (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000032">add (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000135">add_to_map (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000112">add_to_map (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000132">add_to_seq (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000109">add_to_seq (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000069">add_to_seq (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000015">assert_error (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html#M000011">collection? (Kwalify::Types)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html#M000013">collection_type? (Kwalify::Types)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/YamlHelper.html#M000082">create_hashtable (YamlHelper)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000072">create_mapping (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000050">create_mapping (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000055">create_scalar (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000077">create_scalar (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000047">create_sequence (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000069">create_sequence (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000078">current_line (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000079">current_linenum (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000038">debug? (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/HashInterface.html#M000019">each (Kwalify::HashInterface)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000040">execute (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util.html#M000023">create_hashtable (Kwalify::Util)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000111">create_mapping (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000134">create_mapping (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000067">create_mapping (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000116">create_scalar (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000139">create_scalar (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000068">create_scalar (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000108">create_sequence (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000131">create_sequence (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000066">create_sequence (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000140">current_line (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000141">current_linenum (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000087">debug? (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000036">delete (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000044">document_start? (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000037">each (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/HashLike.html#M000029">each (Kwalify::Util::HashLike)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000096">eos? (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000089">execute (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util.html#M000022">get_class (Kwalify::Util)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html#M000119">get_init_method (Kwalify::Rule)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html#M000010">get_type_class (Kwalify::Types)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/YamlHelper.html#M000083">get_value (YamlHelper)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000067">has_next? (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html#M000057">init (Kwalify::Rule)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html#M000061">instance (Kwalify::MetaValidator)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/HashInterface.html#M000018">key? (Kwalify::HashInterface)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/HashInterface.html#M000017">keys (Kwalify::HashInterface)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000041">main (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000054">merge_map (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000076">merge_map (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000033">message (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util.html#M000024">get_value (Kwalify::Util)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000095">group (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000046">has_next? (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000129">has_next? (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html#M000121">instance (Kwalify::MetaValidator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/HashLike.html#M000028">key? (Kwalify::Util::HashLike)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/HashLike.html#M000027">key? (Kwalify::Util::HashLike)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000034">keys (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml.html#M000038">load (Kwalify::Yaml)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml.html#M000039">load_file (Kwalify::Yaml)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000072">location (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000090">main (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000094">match? (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000115">merge_map (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000138">merge_map (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/SyntaxError.html#M000102">message (Kwalify::SyntaxError)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify.html#M000007">meta_validator (Kwalify)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify.html#M000005">msg (Kwalify)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/AssertionError.html#M000062">new (Kwalify::AssertionError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000042">new (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/CommandOptionError.html#M000001">new (CommandOptionError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser/Alias.html#M000142">new (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser::Alias)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000103">new (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/CommandOptionParser.html#M000002">new (CommandOptionParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser/Alias.html#M000080">new (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser::Alias)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000065">new (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Parser.html#M000036">new (Kwalify::Parser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ValidationError.html#M000064">new (Kwalify::ValidationError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html#M000056">new (Kwalify::Rule)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000037">new (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000031">new (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000024">new (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html#M000059">new (Kwalify::MetaValidator)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlSyntaxError.html#M000030">new (Kwalify::YamlSyntaxError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/SchemaError.html#M000029">new (Kwalify::SchemaError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/CommandOptionError.html#M000063">new (Kwalify::CommandOptionError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000043">parse (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000066">parse (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000040">new (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000030">new (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Rule.html#M000117">new (Kwalify::Rule)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000074">new (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000127">new (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ValidationError.html#M000126">new (Kwalify::ValidationError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/CommandOptionError.html#M000125">new (Kwalify::CommandOptionError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Main.html#M000086">new (Kwalify::Main)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Parser.html#M000085">new (Kwalify::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/SchemaError.html#M000080">new (Kwalify::SchemaError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000081">new (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/AssertionError.html#M000124">new (Kwalify::AssertionError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html#M000122">new (Kwalify::MetaValidator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/SyntaxError.html#M000101">new (Kwalify::SyntaxError)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/CommandOptionParser.html#M000004">parse (CommandOptionParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000068">parse_all (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000032">path (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000044">path_linenum (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000104">parse (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000128">parse (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000047">parse (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000053">parse_alias (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000130">parse_all (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000052">parse_anchor (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000058">parse_block_map (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000059">parse_block_scalar (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000056">parse_block_seq (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000060">parse_block_text (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000055">parse_block_value (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000051">parse_documents (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000048">parse_file (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000063">parse_flow_map (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000064">parse_flow_scalar (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000062">parse_flow_seq (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000061">parse_flow_value (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000049">parse_next (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000050">parse_stream (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000082">path (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000105">path_linenum (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000097">peep (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000031">put (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000070">put_to_map (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000091">reset (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000041">reset_parser (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000054">resolve_preceding_aliases (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html#M000012">scalar? (Kwalify::Types)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html#M000014">scalar_type? (Kwalify::Types)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000022">schema_error (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000075">set_default (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000053">set_default (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000046">set_error_linenums (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000045">set_errors_linenum (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000052">set_map_with (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000074">set_map_with (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000049">set_seq_at (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000071">set_seq_at (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000034">to_s (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000092">scan (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseParser.html#M000099">scan_string (Kwalify::BaseParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000017">schema_error (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000137">set_default (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000114">set_default (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000107">set_error_linenums (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000106">set_errors_linenum (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000073">set_errors_linenum (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000113">set_map_with (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000136">set_map_with (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/YamlParser.html#M000110">set_seq_at (Kwalify::YamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/PlainYamlParser.html#M000133">set_seq_at (Kwalify::PlainYamlParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000043">skip_spaces_and_comments (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000045">stream_end? (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/BaseError.html#M000083">to_s (Kwalify::BaseError)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Yaml/Parser.html#M000065">to_scalar (Kwalify::Yaml::Parser)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/CommandOptionParser.html#M000003">to_value (CommandOptionParser)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util.html#M000021">traverse_rule (Kwalify::Util)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util.html#M000020">traverse_schema (Kwalify::Util)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html#M000009">type_class (Kwalify::Types)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify/Types.html#M000008">type_table (Kwalify::Types)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/YamlHelper.html#M000081">untabify (YamlHelper)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000026">validate (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000021">validate_error (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html#M000060">validate_hook (Kwalify::MetaValidator)</a><br />
-    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000027">validate_hook (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util.html#M000019">untabify (Kwalify::Util)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000076">validate (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/ErrorHelper.html#M000016">validate_error (Kwalify::ErrorHelper)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/MetaValidator.html#M000123">validate_hook (Kwalify::MetaValidator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Validator.html#M000077">validate_hook (Kwalify::Validator)</a><br />
+    <a href="classes/Kwalify/Util/OrderedHash.html#M000035">values (Kwalify::Util::OrderedHash)</a><br />
     <a href="classes/Kwalify.html#M000006">word (Kwalify)</a><br />
   </div>
 </div>

data/doc/img/fig01.png ADDED

Binary file

data/doc/users-guide.html CHANGED

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <html>
 <head>
   <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
-  <title>Kwalify Users' Guide (for Ruby and Java)</title>
+  <title>Kwalify User's Guide (for Ruby)</title>
   <meta name="author" content="makoto kuwata &lt;kwa(at)kuwata-lab.com&gt;">
   <meta name="generator" content="kwaser">
   <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
@@ -12,51 +12,29 @@
    <div class="mainbody">
-    <div align="left"><h1>Kwalify Users' Guide (for Ruby and Java)</h1></div>
+    <div align="left"><h1>Kwalify User's Guide (for Ruby)</h1></div>
     <div align="left">
       makoto kuwata &lt;kwa(at)kuwata-lab.com&gt;<br>
-      last update: $Date: 2006-05-14 13:57:07 +0900 (Sun, 14 May 2006) $<br>
+      last update: $Date: 2008-01-27 22:57:22 +0900 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) $<br>
     </div>
 <a name="preface"></a>
 <h2 class="section1">Preface</h2>
-<p>Kwalify<sup>(<a href="#fnref:1" name="fnlink:1">*1</a>)</sup> is a tiny schema validator for YAML and JSON document.
+<p>Kwalify<sup>(<a href="#fnref:1" name="fnlink:1">*1</a>)</sup> is a parser, schema validator, and data binding tool for YAML and JSON.
+Kwalify enables you to handle YAML and JSON more easily and strictly.
 </p>
-<p>You know "80-20 rule" known as Pareto Law, don't you?  This rule suggests that 20% of the population owns 80% of the wealth.
-Kwalify is based on a new "50-5 rule" which suggests that 5% of the population owns 50% of the wealth.
-This rule is more aggressive and cost-effective than Pareto Law. The rule is named as "Levi's Law".
-</p>
-<div align="center">
-<table class="table1" border="1" cellspacing="0">
- <tr class="tr1">
-  <th class="th1">schema technology</th>
-  <th class="th1">(A) cover range</th>
-  <th class="th1">(B) cost to pay</th>
-  <th class="th1">(A)/(B) effectiveness</th>
- </tr>
- <tr class="tr1">
-  <td class="td1">XML Schema</td>
-  <td class="td1">95%</td>
-  <td class="td1">100%</td>
-  <td class="td1">0.95 (= 95/100)</td>
- </tr>
- <tr class="tr1">
-  <td class="td1">RelaxNG</td>
-  <td class="td1">80%</td>
-  <td class="td1">20%</td>
-  <td class="td1">4.0 (= 80/20)</td>
- </tr>
- <tr class="tr1">
-  <td class="td1">Kwalify</td>
-  <td class="td1">50%</td>
-  <td class="td1">5%</td>
-  <td class="td1">10.0 (= 50/5)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-</div>
-<p>Kwalify is small and in fact poorer than RelaxNG or XML Schema.
-I hope you extend/customize Kwalify for your own way.
+<p>Topics:
 </p>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li><a href="#schema">Schema validation for YAML</a> and <a href="#tips-json">JSON</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#actions">Class definition generation for Ruby, PHP, and Java</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#howto-databinding">Data binding</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#howto-preceding">Preceding alias</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
 <div class="footnote">
  <dl compact>
   <dt>(<a name="fnref:1" href="#fnlink:1">*1</a>)</dt>
@@ -82,23 +60,17 @@ I hope you extend/customize Kwalify for your own way.
     </li>
     <li><a href="#schema-map-of-seq">Mapping of Sequence</a>
     </li>
-    <li><a href="#schema-rules">Rule and Entry</a>
+    <li><a href="#schema-rules">Rule and Constraint</a>
     </li>
     <li><a href="#schema-unique">Unique constraint</a>
     </li>
-    <li><a href="#schema-hook">Validator#validator_hook()</a>
-    </li>
-    <li><a href="#schema-block">Validator with Block</a>
-    </li>
   </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="#tips">Tips</a>
   <ul>
-    <li><a href="#tips-quotes">Enclose Key Names in (Double) Quotes</a>
-    </li>
     <li><a href="#tips-json">JSON</a>
     </li>
-    <li><a href="#tips-anchor">Anchor</a>
+    <li><a href="#tips-anchor">Anchor and Alias</a>
     </li>
     <li><a href="#tips-default">Default of Mapping</a>
     </li>
@@ -106,6 +78,22 @@ I hope you extend/customize Kwalify for your own way.
     </li>
   </ul>
   </li>
+  <li><a href="#howto">How to in Ruby</a>
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="#howot-validate">Validation</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#howto-parse">Parsing with Validation</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#howto-meta">Meta Validation</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#howto-hook">Validator#validator_hook()</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#howto-preceding">Preceding Alias</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#howto-databinding">Data Binding</a>
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+  </li>
   <li><a href="#actions">Actions</a>
   <ul>
     <li><a href="#action-genclass">Class Definition Generation</a>
@@ -118,13 +106,9 @@ I hope you extend/customize Kwalify for your own way.
     </li>
   </ul>
   </li>
-  <li><a href="#usage">Usage of Kwalify</a>
+  <li><a href="#ref">References</a>
   <ul>
-    <li><a href="#usage1">Usage in Command-Line</a>
-    </li>
-    <li><a href="#usage-ruby">Usage in Ruby Script</a>
-    </li>
-    <li><a href="#usage-java">Usage in Java Program</a>
+    <li><a href="#ref-usage">Usage in Command-Line</a>
     </li>
   </ul>
   </li>
@@ -137,6 +121,8 @@ I hope you extend/customize Kwalify for your own way.
 <a name="schema"></a>
 <h2 class="section1">Schema Definition</h2>
+<p>This section describes how to define schema definition of YAML.
+</p>
 <a name="schema-seq"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">Sequence</h3>
 <a name="schema01.yaml"></a>
@@ -153,7 +139,7 @@ sequence:
 - bar
 - baz
 </pre>
-<a name="valid01.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid01.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema01.yaml document01a.yaml
@@ -166,7 +152,7 @@ document01a.yaml#0: valid.
 - 123
 - baz
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid01.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid01.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema01.yaml document01b.yaml
@@ -185,15 +171,15 @@ document01b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <code>schema02.yaml</code> : mapping of scalar</div>
 <pre class="program">type:       map
 mapping:
-  name:
+ "name":
     type:      str
     required:  yes
-  email:
+ "email":
     type:      str
     pattern:   /@/
-  age:
+ "age":
     type:      int
-  birth:
+ "birth":
     type:      date
 </pre>
 <a name="document02a.yaml"></a>
@@ -204,7 +190,7 @@ email:  foo@mail.com
 age:    20
 birth:  1985-01-01
 </pre>
-<a name="valid02.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid02.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema02.yaml document02a.yaml
@@ -218,7 +204,7 @@ email:  foo(at)mail.com
 age:    twenty
 birth:  Jun 01, 1985
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid02.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid02.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema02.yaml document02b.yaml
@@ -239,10 +225,10 @@ document02b.yaml#0: INVALID
 sequence:
   - type:      map
     mapping:
-      name:
+     "name":
         type:      str
         required:  true
-      email:
+     "email":
         type:      str
 </pre>
 <a name="document03a.yaml"></a>
@@ -255,7 +241,7 @@ sequence:
 - name:   baz
   email:  baz@mail.org
 </pre>
-<a name="valid03.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid03.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema03.yaml document03a.yaml
@@ -271,7 +257,7 @@ document03a.yaml#0: valid.
 - name:   baz
   mail:   baz@mail.org
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid03.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid03.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema03.yaml document03b.yaml
@@ -290,23 +276,23 @@ document03b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <code>schema04.yaml</code> : mapping of sequence of mapping</div>
 <pre class="program">type:      map
 mapping:
-  company:
+ "company":
     type:      str
     required:  yes
-  email:
+ "email":
     type:      str
-  employees:
+ "employees":
     type:      seq
     sequence:
       - type:    map
         mapping:
-          code:
+         "code":
             type:      int
             required:  yes
-          name:
+         "name":
             type:      str
             required:  yes
-          email:
+         "email":
             type:      str
 </pre>
 <a name="document04a.yaml"></a>
@@ -322,7 +308,7 @@ employees:
     name:   bar
     email:  bar@kuwata-lab.com
 </pre>
-<a name="valid04.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid04.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema04.yaml document04a.yaml
@@ -341,7 +327,7 @@ employees:
     name:   bar
     mail:   bar@kuwata-lab.com
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid04.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid04.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema04.yaml document04b.yaml
@@ -353,16 +339,28 @@ document04b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <a name="schema-rules"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Rule and Entry</h3>
-<p>Rule is set of entries. Entry usually represents constraint outside of a few exceptions.
+<h3 class="section2">Rule and Constraint</h3>
+<p><code>type:</code>, <code>required:</code>, <code>length</code>, ... are called <strong>constraint</strong> and set of constraints are called <strong>rule</strong>.
 </p>
-<p>The followings are constraint entries.
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>Rule contains 'type:' constraint. If 'type:' is omitted, 'type: str' is used as default.
+</li>
+<li>'sequence:' constraint takes a sequence of rule (the sequence can contain only a rule).
+</li>
+<li>'mapping:' constraint takes a mapping which values are rules.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div style="align:center;">
+  <img src="img/fig01.png" alt="constraints and rules of schema definition." />
+</div>
+<p>The following is a list of constraints.
 </p>
 <dl class="dl3">
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>required:</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
 	Value is required when true (default is false).
+	This is similar to not-null constraint in RDBMS.
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>enum:</code> </strong></dt>
@@ -426,23 +424,23 @@ document04b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>length:</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
-	Range of length of value between max/max-ex and min/min-ex. Only type <code>str</code> and <code>text</code> are available with <code>length:</code>.
+	Range of length of value between max/max-ex and min/min-ex.
+	Only type <code>str</code> and <code>text</code> are available with <code>length:</code>.
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>assert:</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
-	String which represents validation expression. String should contain variable name <code>val</code> which repsents value.
-	(This is an experimental function and supported only Kwartz-ruby).
+	String which represents validation expression.
+	String should contain variable name <code>val</code> which repsents value.
+	(This is an experimental function and not supported in Kwartz-java).
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>unique:</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
-	Value is unique for mapping or sequence. See the next subsection for detail.
+	Value is unique for mapping or sequence.
+	This is similar to unique constraint of RDBMS.
+	See the next subsection for detail.
 </dd>
-</dl>
-<p>The followings are non-constraint entries.
-</p>
-<dl class="dl3">
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>name:</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
@@ -454,46 +452,51 @@ document04b.yaml#0: INVALID
 	Description. This is not used for validation.
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
-<code>classname:</code> </strong></dt>
+<code>class:</code> </strong></dt>
+<dd class="dd3">
+	Class name.  This is for data-binding and is available only with type 'map'.
+	This is also used in 'genclass' action.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt3"><strong>
+<code>default:</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
-	Class name.  This is available only with type 'map' and used with 'genclass' action. See '<a href="#actions">Actions</a>' section for details.
+	Default value.
+	This is only for 'genclass' action, and have no effect to validation and parsing.
+	Default value should be scalar and it is not available if <code>type:</code> is <code>map</code> or <code>seq</code>, and also not available when <code>required:</code> is true.
 </dd>
 </dl>
-<p>Rule contains 'type:' entry. 'sequence:' entry takes a list of rule. 'mapping:' entry takes a hash which values are rules.
-</p>
 <a name="schema05.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 <code>schema05.yaml</code> : rule examples</div>
-<pre class="program">type:      seq                                # new rule
+<pre class="program">type:      seq
 sequence:
   -
-    type:      map                            # new rule
+    type:      map
     mapping:
-      name:
-        type:       str                       # new rule
+     "name":
+        type:       str
         required:   yes
-      email:
-        type:       str                       # new rule
+     "email":
+        type:       str
         required:   yes
         pattern:    /@/
-      password:
-        type:       text                      # new rule
+     "password":
+        type:       text
         length:     { max: 16, min: 8 }
-      age:
-        type:       int                       # new rule
+     "age":
+        type:       int
         range:      { max: 30, min: 18 }
         # or assert: 18 &lt;= val &amp;&amp; val &lt;= 30
-      blood:
-        type:       str                       # new rule
-        enum:
-          - A
-          - B
-          - O
-          - AB
-      birth:
-        type:       date                      # new rule
-      memo:
-        type:       any                       # new rule
+     "blood":
+        type:       str
+        enum:       [A, B, O, AB]
+     "birth":
+        type:       date
+     "memo":
+        type:       any
+     "deleted":
+        type:       bool
+        default:    false
 </pre>
 <a name="document05a.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
@@ -510,7 +513,7 @@ sequence:
   blood:    AB
   birth:    1980-01-01
 </pre>
-<a name="valid05.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid05.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema05.yaml document05a.yaml
@@ -532,7 +535,7 @@ document05a.yaml#0: valid.
   blood:    AB
   birth:    1980/01/01
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid05.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid05.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema05.yaml document05b.yaml
@@ -541,8 +544,8 @@ document05b.yaml#0: INVALID
   - (line 3) [/0/password] 'xxx123': too short (length 6 &lt; min 8).
   - (line 4) [/0/age] 'twenty': not a integer.
   - (line 5) [/0/blood] 'a': invalid blood value.
-  - (line 7) [/1/given-name] key 'given-name:' is undefined.
   - (line 7) [/1] key 'name:' is required.
+  - (line 7) [/1/given-name] key 'given-name:' is undefined.
   - (line 8) [/1/family-name] key 'family-name:' is undefined.
   - (line 10) [/1/age] '15': too small (&lt; min 18).
   - (line 12) [/1/birth] '1980/01/01': not a date.
@@ -552,12 +555,15 @@ document05b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <a name="schema-unique"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">Unique constraint</h3>
-<p>'<code>unique:</code>' constraint entry is available with elements of sequence or mapping.
-This is equivalent to unique key or primary key of RDBMS.
-</p>
-<p>Type of rule which has '<code>unique:</code>' entry must be scalar (str, int, float, ...).
-Type of parent rule must be sequence or mapping.
+<p>'<code>unique:</code>' constraint is available with elements of sequence or mapping.
+This is equivalent to unique constraint of RDBMS.
 </p>
+<ul type="disc">
+<li>Type of rule which has '<code>unique:</code>' entry must be scalar (str, int, float, ...).
+</li>
+<li>Type of parent rule must be sequence or mapping.
+</li>
+</ul>
 <a name="schema06.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 <code>schema06.yaml</code> : unique constraint entry with mapping and sequence</div>
@@ -566,17 +572,12 @@ sequence:
   - type:     map
     required: yes
     mapping:
-      name:
-        type:     str
-        required: yes
-        <strong>unique:   yes</strong>
-      email:
-        type:     str
-      groups:
+     "name":   { type: str, required: yes, <strong>unique: yes</strong> }
+     "email":  { type: str }
+     "groups":
         type:     seq
         sequence:
-          - type: str
-            <strong>unique:   yes</strong>
+          - { type: str, <strong>unique: yes</strong> }
 </pre>
 <a name="document06a.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
@@ -597,7 +598,7 @@ sequence:
   groups:
     - users
 </pre>
-<a name="valid06.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid06.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema06.yaml document06a.yaml
@@ -623,7 +624,7 @@ document06a.yaml#0: valid.
   groups:
     - users
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid06.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid06.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema06.yaml document06b.yaml
@@ -634,364 +635,19 @@ document06b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <br>
-<a name="schema-hook"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Validator#validator_hook()</h3>
-<p>You can extend Kwalify::Validator class (Ruby) or kwalify.Validator class (Java), and override Kwalify::Validator#validator_hook() method (Ruby) or kwalify.Validator#validateHook() method (Java).
-This method is called by Kwalify::Validator#validate() (Ruby) or kwalify.Validator#validate() (Java).
-</p>
-<a name="answers-schema.yaml"></a>
-<div class="program_caption">
-answers-schema.yaml : 'name:' is important.</div>
-<pre class="program">type:      map
-mapping:
-  answers:
-    type:      seq
-    sequence:
-      - type:      map
-        <strong>name:        Answer</strong>
-        mapping:
-          name:
-            type:      str
-            required:  yes
-          answer:
-            type:      str
-            required:  yes
-            enum:
-              - good
-              - not bad
-              - bad
-          reason:
-            type:      str
-</pre>
-<a name="answers-validator.rb"></a>
-<div class="program_caption">
-answers-validator.rb : validate script for Ruby</div>
-<pre class="program">#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-require 'kwalify'
-require 'yaml'
-## validator class for answers
-class AnswersValidator &lt; Kwalify::Validator
-   ## load schema definition
-   @@schema = YAML.load_file('answers-schema.yaml')
-   def initialize()
-      super(@@schema)
-   end
-   ## hook method called by Validator#validate()
-   <strong>def validate_hook(value, rule, path, errors)</strong>
-      <strong>case rule.name</strong>
-      <strong>when 'Answer'</strong>
-         if value['answer'] == 'bad'
-            reason = value['reason']
-            if !reason || reason.empty?
-               msg = "reason is required when answer is 'bad'."
-               errors &lt;&lt; Kwalify::ValidationError.new(msg, path)
-            end
-         end
-      end
-   end
-end
-## create validator
-validator = AnswersValidator.new
-## load YAML document
-input = ARGF.read()
-document = YAML.load(input)
-## validate
-errors = validator.validate(document)
-if errors.empty?
-   puts "Valid."
-else
-   puts "*** INVALID!"
-   errors.each do |error|
-      # error.class == Kwalify::ValidationError
-      puts " - [#{error.path}] : #{error.message}"
-   end
-end
-</pre>
-<a name="document07a.yaml"></a>
-<div class="program_caption">
-<code>document07a.yaml</code> : valid document example</div>
-<pre class="program">answers:
-  - name:      Foo
-    answer:    good
-    reason:    I like this style.
-  - name:      Bar
-    answer:    not bad
-  - name:      Baz
-    answer:    bad
-    reason:    I don't like this style.
-</pre>
-<a name="valid07.expected"></a>
-<div class="terminal_caption">
-validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ ruby answers-validator.rb document07a.yaml
-Valid.
-</pre>
-<a name="document07b.yaml"></a>
-<div class="program_caption">
-<code>document07b.yaml</code> : invalid document example</div>
-<pre class="program">answers:
-  - name:    Foo
-    answer:  good
-  - name:    Bar
-    answer:  bad
-  - name:    Baz
-    answer:  not bad
-</pre>
-<a name="invalid07.expected"></a>
-<div class="terminal_caption">
-validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ ruby answers-validator.rb document07b.yaml
-*** INVALID!
- - [/answers/1] : reason is required when answer is 'bad'.
-</pre>
-<p>You can validate some document by a Validator instance because Validator class and Validator#validate() method are stateless. If you use instance variables in custom validator_hook() method, it becomes to be stateful.
-</p>
-<p>Here is a Java program equivarent to 'answers-validator.rb'.
-</p>
-<a name="AnswersValidator.java"></a>
-<div class="program_caption">
-AnswersValidator.java : validate program for Java</div>
-<pre class="program">import kwalify.Validator;
-import kwalify.Rule;
-import kwalify.Util;
-import kwalify.YamlUtil;
-import kwalify.YamlParser;
-import kwalify.SyntaxException;
-import kwalify.ValidationException;
-import java.util.*;
-import java.io.IOException;
-/**
- *  validator class for answers
- */
-public class AnswersValidator extends Validator {
-    /** schema string */
-    private static final String SCHEMA = ""
-        + "type:      map\n"
-        + "mapping:\n"
-        + "  answers:\n"
-        + "    type:      seq\n"
-        + "    sequence:\n"
-        + "      - type:      map\n"
-        + "        name:      Answer\n"
-        + "        mapping:\n"
-        + "          name:\n"
-        + "            type:      str\n"
-        + "            required:  yes\n"
-        + "          answer:\n"
-        + "            type:      str\n"
-        + "            required:  yes\n"
-        + "            enum:\n"
-        + "              - good\n"
-        + "              - not bad\n"
-        + "              - bad\n"
-        + "          reason:\n"
-        + "            type:      str\n"
-        ;
-    /** schema object */
-    private static Map schema = null;
-    static {
-        try {
-            schema = (Map)YamlUtil.load(SCHEMA);
-        } catch (SyntaxException ex) {
-            assert false;
-        }
-    }
-    /** construnctor */
-    public AnswersValidator() {
-        super(schema);
-    }
-    /** hook method called by Validator#validate() */
-    protected void validateHook(Object value, Rule rule, String path, List errors) {
-        String rule_name = rule.getName();
-        if (rule_name != null &amp;&amp; rule_name.equals("Answer")) {
-            assert value instanceof Map;
-            Map val = (Map)value;
-            assert val.get("answer") != null;
-            if (val.get("answer").equals("bad")) {
-                String reason = (String)val.get("reason");
-                if (reason == null || reason.length() == 0) {
-                    String msg = "reason is required when answer is 'bad'.";
-                    errors.add(new ValidationException(msg, path));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    /** main program */
-    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, SyntaxException {
-        // create validator
-        Validator validator = new AnswersValidator();
-        // load YAML document
-        String input;
-        if (args.length &gt; 0) {
-            input = Util.readFile(args[0]);
-        } else {
-            input = Util.readInputStream(System.in);
-        }
-        YamlParser parser = new YamlParser(input);
-        Object document = parser.parse();
-        // validate and show errors
-        List errors = validator.validate(document);
-        if (errors == null || errors.size() == 0) {
-            System.out.println("Valid.");
-        } else {
-            System.out.println("*** INVALID!");
-            parser.setErrorsLineNumber(errors);
-            Collections.sort(errors);
-            for (Iterator it = errors.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
-                ValidationException error = (ValidationException)it.next();
-                int linenum = error.getLineNumber();
-                String path = error.getPath();
-                String mesg = error.getMessage();
-                String s = "- line " + linenum + ": [" + path + "] " + mesg;
-                System.out.println(s);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-</pre>
-<a name="AnswersValidator.expected"></a>
-<div class="terminal_caption">
-validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ java -classpath kwalify.jar AnswersValidator document07a.yaml
-Valid.
-$ java -classpath kwalify.jar AnswersValidator document07b.yaml
-*** INVALID!
-- line 4: [/answers/1] reason is required when answer is 'bad'.
-</pre>
-<br>
-<a name="schema-block"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Validator with Block</h3>
-<p><strong>Notice: This feature has been obsolete. Use Kwalify::Validator#validate_hook() method instead.</strong>
-</p>
-<p><code>Kwalify::Validator.new()</code> method can take a block which is invoked when validation.
-</p>
-<a name="validate08.rb"></a>
-<div class="program_caption">
-<code>validate08.rb</code> : validate script</div>
-<pre class="program">#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-require 'kwalify'
-require 'yaml'
-## load schema definition
-schema = YAML.load_file('answers-schema.yaml')
-## create validator for answers
-validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema) <strong>{ |value, rule, path, errors|</strong>
-   <strong>case rule.name</strong>
-   <strong>when 'Answer'</strong>
-      if value['answer'] == 'bad'
-         reason = value['reason']
-         if !reason || reason.empty?
-            msg = "reason is required when answer is 'bad'."
-            errors &lt;&lt; Kwalify::ValidationError.new(msg, path)
-         end
-      end
-   end
-<strong>}</strong>
-## load YAML document
-input = ARGF.read()
-document = YAML.load(input)
-## validate
-errors = validator.validate(document)
-if errors.empty?
-   puts "Valid."
-else
-   puts "*** INVALID!"
-   errors.each do |error|
-      # error.class == Kwalify::ValidationError
-      puts " - [#{error.path}] : #{error.message}"
-   end
-end
-</pre>
-<a name="valid08.expected"></a>
-<div class="terminal_caption">
-validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ ruby validate08.rb document07a.yaml
-Valid.
-</pre>
-<a name="valid08.expected"></a>
-<div class="terminal_caption">
-validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ ruby validate08.rb document07b.yaml
-*** INVALID!
- - [/answers/1] : reason is required when answer is 'bad'.
-</pre>
-<br>
 <br>
 <a name="tips"></a>
 <h2 class="section1">Tips</h2>
-<a name="tips-quotes"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Enclose Key Names in (Double) Quotes</h3>
-<p>It is allowed to enclose key name in quotes (') or double-quotes (") in YAML.
-This tip highlights user-defined key names.
-</p>
-<div class="program_caption">
-<code>schema11a.yaml</code> : enclosing in double-quotes</div>
-<pre class="program">type:   map
-mapping:
-  "name":
-    required:  yes
-  "email":
-    pattern:   /@/
-  "age":
-    type:      int
-  "birth":
-    type:      date
-</pre>
-<p>You may prefer to indent with 1 space and 3 spaces.
-</p>
-<div class="program_caption">
-<code>schema11b.yaml</code> : indent with 1 space and 3 spaces</div>
-<pre class="program">type:   map
-mapping:
- "name":
-    required:  yes
- "email":
-    pattern:   /@/
- "age":
-    type:      int
- "birth":
-    type:      date
-</pre>
-<br>
 <a name="tips-json"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">JSON</h3>
 <p><a href="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> is a lightweight data-interchange format, especially useful for JavaScript.
 JSON can be considered as a subset of YAML. It means that YAML parser can parse JSON and Kwalify can validate JSON document.
 </p>
-<a name="schema12.yaml"></a>
+<a name="schema12.json"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>schema12.yaml</code> : an example schema written in JSON format</div>
+<code>schema12.json</code> : an example schema definition written in JSON format</div>
 <pre class="program">{ "type": "map",
   "required": true,
   "mapping": {
@@ -1000,16 +656,14 @@ JSON can be considered as a subset of YAML. It means that YAML parser can parse
     "age":    { "type": "int" },
     "gender": { "type": "str", "enum": ["M", "F"] },
     "favorite": { "type": "seq",
-                  "sequence": [
-                     { "type": "str" }
-                   ]
-                 }
+                  "sequence": [ { "type": "str" } ]
+                }
   }
 }
 </pre>
-<a name="document12a.yaml"></a>
+<a name="document12a.json"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>document12a.yaml</code> : valid JSON document example</div>
+<code>document12a.json</code> : valid JSON document example</div>
 <pre class="program">{ "name": "Foo",
   "email": "foo@mail.com",
   "age": 20,
@@ -1021,15 +675,15 @@ JSON can be considered as a subset of YAML. It means that YAML parser can parse
   ]
 }
 </pre>
-<a name="valid12.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid12.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema12.yaml document12a.yaml
-document12a.yaml#0: valid.
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema12.json document12a.json
+document12a.json#0: valid.
 </pre>
-<a name="document12b.yaml"></a>
+<a name="document12b.json"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>document12b.yaml</code> : invalid JSON document example</div>
+<code>document12b.json</code> : invalid JSON document example</div>
 <pre class="program">{
   "mail": "foo@mail.com",
   "age": twenty,
@@ -1037,11 +691,11 @@ document12a.yaml#0: valid.
   "favorite": [ 123, 456 ]
 }
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid12.yaml"></a>
+<a name="invalid12.json"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema12.yaml document12b.yaml
-document12b.yaml#0: INVALID
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema12.json document12b.json
+document12b.json#0: INVALID
   - (line 1) [/] key 'name:' is required.
   - (line 2) [/mail] key 'mail:' is undefined.
   - (line 3) [/age] 'twenty': not a integer.
@@ -1053,8 +707,8 @@ document12b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <a name="tips-anchor"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Anchor</h3>
-<p>You can share schemas with YAML anchor.
+<h3 class="section2">Anchor and Alias</h3>
+<p>You can share rules by YAML anchor and alias.
 </p>
 <a name="schema13.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
@@ -1069,13 +723,11 @@ sequence:
         required: yes
      "family-name": <strong>*name</strong>
      "post":
-        enum:
-          - exective
-          - manager
-          - clerk
+        type: str
+        enum: [exective, manager, clerk]
      "supervisor":  <strong>*employee</strong>
 </pre>
-<p>Anchor is also available in YAML document.
+<p>Anchor and alias is also available in YAML document.
 </p>
 <a name="document13a.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
@@ -1098,7 +750,7 @@ sequence:
   post:          clerk
   supervisor:    <strong>*bar</strong>
 </pre>
-<a name="valid13.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid13.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema13.yaml document13a.yaml
@@ -1142,7 +794,7 @@ mapping:
 value2: 0.5
 value3: -0.9
 </pre>
-<a name="valid14.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid14.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema14.yaml document14a.yaml
@@ -1155,7 +807,7 @@ document14a.yaml#0: valid.
 value2: 1.1
 value3: -2.0
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid14.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid14.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema14.yaml document14b.yaml
@@ -1207,10 +859,10 @@ mapping:
     mapping:
      "name":
         <strong>&lt;&lt;: *name</strong>             # merge
-        <strong>length: { max: 16 }</strong>   # override
+        <strong>length: { max: 16 }</strong>   # add
      "email":
         <strong>&lt;&lt;: *email</strong>            # merge
-        <strong>required: yes</strong>         # add
+        <strong>required: yes</strong>         # override
 </pre>
 <a name="document15a.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
@@ -1222,7 +874,7 @@ user:
   name: bar
   email: bar@mail.com
 </pre>
-<a name="valid15.expected"></a>
+<a name="valid15.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema15.yaml document15a.yaml
@@ -1237,12 +889,12 @@ document15a.yaml#0: valid.
 user:
   name: toooooo-looooong-name
 </pre>
-<a name="invalid15.expected"></a>
+<a name="invalid15.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema15.yaml document15b.yaml
 document15b.yaml#0: INVALID
-  - (line 4) [/user] key 'email:' is required.
+  - (line 5) [/user] key 'email:' is required.
   - (line 5) [/user/name] 'toooooo-looooong-name': too long (length 21 &gt; max 16).
 </pre>
 <br>
@@ -1251,21 +903,602 @@ document15b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <br>
-<a name="actions"></a>
-<h2 class="section1">Actions</h2>
-<p>Kwalify has the command-line '-a <em>action</em>' which perform a certain action to schema definition.
-Currently only the following action is supported.
+<a name="howto"></a>
+<h2 class="section1">How to in Ruby</h2>
+<p>This section describes how to use Kwalify in Ruby.
+</p>
+<a name="howot-validate"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Validation</h3>
+<a name="howto-validation.rb"></a>
+<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
+#require 'yaml'
+## load schema data
+schema = Kwalify::Yaml.load_file('schema.yaml')
+## or
+#schema = YAML.load_file('schema.yaml')
+## create validator
+validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema)
+## load document
+document = Kwalify::Yaml.load_file('document.yaml')
+## or
+#document = YAML.load_file('document.yaml')
+## validate
+errors = validator.validate(document)
+## show errors
+if errors &amp;&amp; !errors.empty?
+  for err in errors
+    puts "[#{err.path}] #{err.message}"
+  end
+end
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="howto-parse"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Parsing with Validation</h3>
+<p>From version 0.7, Kwalify supports parsing with validation.
+</p>
+<a name="howto-validation-with-parsing.rb"></a>
+<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
+#require 'yaml'
+## load schema data
+schema = Kwalify::Yaml.load_file('schema.yaml')
+## or
+#schema = YAML.load_file('schema.yaml')
+## create validator
+validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema)
+## create parser with validator
+## (if validator is ommitted, no validation executed.)
+parser = Kwalify:::Yaml::Parser.new(validator)
+## parse document with validation
+filename = 'document.yaml'
+document = parser.parse_file(filename)
+## or
+#document = parser.parse(File.read(filename), filename)
+## show errors if exist
+errors = parser.errors()
+if errors &amp;&amp; !errors.empty?
+  for e in errors
+    puts "#{e.linenum}:#{e.column} [#{e.path}] #{e.message}"
+  end
+end
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="howto-meta"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Meta Validation</h3>
+<p>Meta validator is a validator which validates schema definition.
+The schema definition is placed at 'kwalify/kwalify.schema.yaml'.
+</p>
+<p>Kwalify also provides Kwalify::MetaValidator class which validates
+schema defition.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
+## meta validator
+metavalidator = Kwalify::MetaValidator.instance
+## validate schema definition
+parser = Kwalify::Yaml::Parser.new(metavalidator)
+errors = parser.parse_file('schema.yaml')
+for e in errors
+  puts "#{e.linenum}:#{e.column} [#{e.path}] #{e.message}"
+end if errors &amp;&amp; !errors.empty?
+</pre>
+<p>Meta validation is also available with command-line option '-m'.
+</p>
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -m schema1.yaml schema2.yaml ...
+</pre>
+<br>
+<a name="howto-hook"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Validator#validator_hook()</h3>
+<p>You can extend Kwalify::Validator and override Kwalify::Validator#validator_hook() method.
+This method is called by Kwalify::Validator#validate().
+</p>
+<a name="answers-schema.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+answers-schema.yaml : 'name:' is important.</div>
+<pre class="program">type:      map
+mapping:
+ "answers":
+    type:      seq
+    sequence:
+      - type:      map
+        <strong>name:        Answer</strong>
+        mapping:
+         "name":   { type: str, required: yes }
+         "answer": { type: str, required: yes,
+                     enum: [good, not bad, bad] }
+         "reason": { type: str }
+</pre>
+<a name="answers-validator.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+answers-validator.rb : validate script for Ruby</div>
+<pre class="program">#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+require 'kwalify'
+## validator class for answers
+class AnswersValidator &lt; Kwalify::Validator
+   ## load schema definition
+   @@schema = Kwalify::Yaml.load_file('answers-schema.yaml')
+   ## or
+   ##   require 'yaml'
+   ##   @@schema = YAML.load_file('answers-schema.yaml')
+   def initialize()
+      super(@@schema)
+   end
+   ## hook method called by Validator#validate()
+   <strong>def validate_hook(value, rule, path, errors)</strong>
+      <strong>case rule.name</strong>
+      <strong>when 'Answer'</strong>
+         if value['answer'] == 'bad'
+            reason = value['reason']
+            if !reason || reason.empty?
+               msg = "reason is required when answer is 'bad'."
+               errors &lt;&lt; Kwalify::ValidationError.new(msg, path)
+            end
+         end
+      end
+   end
+end
+## create validator
+validator = AnswersValidator.new
+## load YAML document
+input = ARGF.read()
+document = Kwalify::Yaml.load(input)
+## or  document = YAML.load(input)
+## validate
+errors = validator.validate(document)
+if errors.empty?
+   puts "Valid."
+else
+   puts "*** INVALID!"
+   errors.each do |error|
+      # error.class == Kwalify::ValidationError
+      puts " - [#{error.path}] : #{error.message}"
+   end
+end
+</pre>
+<a name="document07a.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+<code>document07a.yaml</code> : valid document example</div>
+<pre class="program">answers:
+  - name:      Foo
+    answer:    good
+    reason:    I like this style.
+  - name:      Bar
+    answer:    not bad
+  - name:      Baz
+    answer:    bad
+    reason:    I don't like this style.
+</pre>
+<a name="valid07.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+validate</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby answers-validator.rb document07a.yaml
+Valid.
+</pre>
+<a name="document07b.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+<code>document07b.yaml</code> : invalid document example</div>
+<pre class="program">answers:
+  - name:    Foo
+    answer:  good
+  - name:    Bar
+    answer:  bad
+  - name:    Baz
+    answer:  not bad
+</pre>
+<a name="invalid07.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+validate</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby answers-validator.rb document07b.yaml
+*** INVALID!
+ - [/answers/1] : reason is required when answer is 'bad'.
+</pre>
+<p>You can validate some document by a Validator instance because Validator class and Validator#validate() method are stateless. If you use instance variables in custom validator_hook() method, it becomes to be stateful.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="howto-preceding"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Preceding Alias</h3>
+<p>From version 0.7, Kwalify allows aliases to appear before corresponding anchors are now appeared.
+These aliases are called as 'preceding alias'.
+</p>
+<a name="howto3.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+howto3.yaml</div>
+<pre class="program">- name: Foo
+  parent: *bar        # preceding alias
+- &amp;bar
+  name: Bar
+  parent: *baz        # preceding alias
+- &amp;baz
+  name: Baz
+  parent: null
+</pre>
+<p>To enable preceding alias, set Kwalify::Yaml::Parser#preceding_alias to true.
+</p>
+<a name="howto3.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+howto3.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
+parser = Kwalify::Yaml::Parser.new
+<strong>parser.preceding_alias = true</strong>   # enable preceding alias
+ydoc = parser.parse_file('howto3.yaml')
+require 'pp'
+pp ydoc
+</pre>
+<a name="howto3.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+result</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby howto3.rb
+[{"name"=&gt;"Foo",
+  "parent"=&gt;{"name"=&gt;"Bar", "parent"=&gt;{"name"=&gt;"Baz", "parent"=&gt;nil}}},
+ {"name"=&gt;"Bar", "parent"=&gt;{"name"=&gt;"Baz", "parent"=&gt;nil}},
+ {"name"=&gt;"Baz", "parent"=&gt;nil}]
+</pre>
+<p>Command-line option '-P' also enables preceding alias.
+</p>
+<p>Preceding alias is very useful when document is complex.
+</p>
+<br>
+<a name="howto-databinding"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Data Binding</h3>
+<p>From version 0.7, Kwalify supports data binding.
+* To enable data binding, set Kwlaify::Yaml::Parser#data_binding to true.
+* It is required to specify class name in schema definition.
+  (Notice that 'class:' constraint is avaialbe only with rule which type is 'map'.)
+* Also instance methods '[]', '[]=', and 'keys?' must be defined in the classes.
+  (Including Kwalify::Util::HashLike modules is easy way to define them.)
+</p>
+<a name="config.schema.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+config.schema.yaml: schema definition file</div>
+<pre class="program">type:  map
+<strong>class: Config</strong>
+mapping:
+ "host": { type: str, required: true }
+ "port": { type: int }
+ "user": { type: str, required: true }
+ "pass": { type: str, required: true }
+</pre>
+<a name="config.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+config.yaml: data file</div>
+<pre class="program">host:  localhost
+port:  8080
+user:  user1
+pass:  password1
+</pre>
+<a name="loadconfig.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+loadconfig.rb: ruby program</div>
+<pre class="program">## class definition
+require 'kwalify/util/hashlike'
+<strong>class Config</strong>
+  <strong>include Kwalify::Util::HashLike</strong>  # defines [], []=, and keys?
+  attr_accessor :host, :posrt, :user, :pass
+<strong>end</strong>
+## create validator object
+require 'kwalify'
+schema = Kwalify::Yaml.load_file('config.schema.yaml')
+validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema)
+## parse configuration file with data binding
+parser = Kwalify::Yaml::Parser.new(validator)
+<strong>parser.data_binding = true</strong>    # enable data binding
+config = parser.parse_file('config.yaml')
+p config
+</pre>
+<a name="loadconfig.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+result</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby loadconfig.rb
+#&lt;Config:0x542590 @host="localhost", @pass="password1", @port=8080, @user="user1"&gt;
+</pre>
+<p>Data binding is available even when data is more complex.
+Preceding alias is also available.
+</p>
+<p>For example, the following data is complex because it uses anchor and alias (including preceding alias).
+</p>
+<a name="BABEL.data.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+BABEL.data.yaml</div>
+<pre class="program">teams:
+  - &amp;thechildren
+    name:   The Children
+    desc:   Level 7 ESPers
+    chief:  *minamoto                  # preceding alias
+    members:  [*kaoru, *aoi, *shiho]   # preceding aliases
+members:
+  - &amp;minamoto
+    name:   Kohichi Minamoto
+    desc:   Scientist
+    team:   *thechildren
+  - &amp;kaoru
+    name:   Kaoru Akashi
+    desc:   Psychokino
+    team:   *thechildren
+  - &amp;aoi
+    name:   Aoi Nogami
+    desc:   Teleporter
+    team:   *thechildren
+  - &amp;shiho
+    name:   Shiho Sannomiya
+    desc:   Psycometrer
+    team:   *thechildren
+</pre>
+<p>Here is the schema definition.
+(Notice that 'class:' constraint is avaialbe only with rule which type is 'map'.)
+</p>
+<a name="BABEL.schema.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+BABEL.schema.yaml</div>
+<pre class="program">type: map
+required: yes
+mapping:
+ "teams":
+    type: seq
+    required: yes
+    sequence:
+      - &amp;team
+        type:  map
+        required: yes
+        <strong>class:  Team</strong>
+        mapping:
+         "name":  {type: str, required: yes, unique: yes}
+         "desc":  {type: str}
+         "chief":  *member       # preceding alias
+         "members":
+            type: seq
+            sequence: [*member]  # preceding alias
+ "members":
+    type: seq
+    required: yes
+    sequence:
+      - &amp;member
+        type:  map
+        required: yes
+        <strong>class:  Member</strong>
+        mapping:
+         "name":  {type: str, required: yes, unique: yes}
+         "desc":  {type: str}
+         "team":  *team
+</pre>
+<p>It is required to define class 'Team' and 'Member' for data-binding.
+Command-line option '-a genclass-ruby' will help you to generate class definitions from schema definition.
+Try 'kwalify -ha genclass-ruby' for more details about 'genclass-ruby' action.
+</p>
+<a name="babel_genclass.result"></a>
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -a genclass-ruby -P -f BABEL.schema.yaml \
+    --hashlike --initialize=false --module=Babel
+require 'kwalify/util/hashlike'
+module Babel
+  ##
+  class Team
+    include Kwalify::Util::HashLike
+    attr_accessor :name             # str
+    attr_accessor :desc             # str
+    attr_accessor :chief            # map
+    attr_accessor :members          # seq
+  end
+  ##
+  class Member
+    include Kwalify::Util::HashLike
+    attr_accessor :name             # str
+    attr_accessor :desc             # str
+    attr_accessor :team             # map
+  end
+end
+$ kwalify -a genclass-ruby -P -f BABEL.schema.yaml  \
+    --hashlike --initialize=false --module=Babel &gt; models.rb
+</pre>
+<p>Here is the ruby program.
+</p>
+<a name="loadbabel.rb"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+loadbabel.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
+<strong>require 'models'</strong>
+## load schema definition
+schema = Kwalify::Yaml.load_file('BABEL.schema.yaml',
+                                 :untabify=&gt;true,
+                                 :preceding_alias=&gt;true)
+## add module name to 'class:'
+Kwalify::Util.traverse_schema(schema) do |rulehash|
+  if rulehash['class']
+    rulehash['class'] = 'Babel::' + rulehash['class']
+  end
+end
+## create validator
+validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema)
+## parse with data-binding
+parser = Kwalify::Yaml::Parser.new(validator)
+parser.preceding_alias = true
+<strong>parser.data_binding = true</strong>
+ydoc = parser.parse_file('BABEL.data.yaml', :untabify=&gt;true)
+## show document
+require 'pp'
+pp ydoc
+</pre>
+<a name="howto5_databinding.result"></a>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+result</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby loadbabel.rb
+{"teams"=&gt;
+  [#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8
+    @chief=
+     #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d5e0
+      @desc="Scientist",
+      @name="Kohichi Minamoto",
+      @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+    @desc="Level 7 ESPers",
+    @members=
+     [#&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d018
+       @desc="Psychokino",
+       @name="Kaoru Akashi",
+       @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+      #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53ca50
+       @desc="Teleporter",
+       @name="Aoi Nogami",
+       @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+      #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53c488
+       @desc="Psycometrer",
+       @name="Shiho Sannomiya",
+       @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;],
+    @name="The Children"&gt;],
+ "members"=&gt;
+  [#&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d5e0
+    @desc="Scientist",
+    @name="Kohichi Minamoto",
+    @team=
+     #&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8
+      @chief=#&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d5e0 ...&gt;,
+      @desc="Level 7 ESPers",
+      @members=
+       [#&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d018
+         @desc="Psychokino",
+         @name="Kaoru Akashi",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53ca50
+         @desc="Teleporter",
+         @name="Aoi Nogami",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53c488
+         @desc="Psycometrer",
+         @name="Shiho Sannomiya",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;],
+      @name="The Children"&gt;&gt;,
+   #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d018
+    @desc="Psychokino",
+    @name="Kaoru Akashi",
+    @team=
+     #&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8
+      @chief=
+       #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d5e0
+        @desc="Scientist",
+        @name="Kohichi Minamoto",
+        @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+      @desc="Level 7 ESPers",
+      @members=
+       [#&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d018 ...&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53ca50
+         @desc="Teleporter",
+         @name="Aoi Nogami",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53c488
+         @desc="Psycometrer",
+         @name="Shiho Sannomiya",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;],
+      @name="The Children"&gt;&gt;,
+   #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53ca50
+    @desc="Teleporter",
+    @name="Aoi Nogami",
+    @team=
+     #&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8
+      @chief=
+       #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d5e0
+        @desc="Scientist",
+        @name="Kohichi Minamoto",
+        @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+      @desc="Level 7 ESPers",
+      @members=
+       [#&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d018
+         @desc="Psychokino",
+         @name="Kaoru Akashi",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53ca50 ...&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53c488
+         @desc="Psycometrer",
+         @name="Shiho Sannomiya",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;],
+      @name="The Children"&gt;&gt;,
+   #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53c488
+    @desc="Psycometrer",
+    @name="Shiho Sannomiya",
+    @team=
+     #&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8
+      @chief=
+       #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d5e0
+        @desc="Scientist",
+        @name="Kohichi Minamoto",
+        @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+      @desc="Level 7 ESPers",
+      @members=
+       [#&lt;Babel::Member:0x53d018
+         @desc="Psychokino",
+         @name="Kaoru Akashi",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53ca50
+         @desc="Teleporter",
+         @name="Aoi Nogami",
+         @team=#&lt;Babel::Team:0x53e0f8 ...&gt;&gt;,
+        #&lt;Babel::Member:0x53c488 ...&gt;],
+      @name="The Children"&gt;&gt;]}
+</pre>
+<br>
+<br>
+<a name="actions"></a>
+<h2 class="section1">Actions</h2>
+<p>Kwalify has the command-line '-a <em>action</em>' which perform a certain action to schema definition.
+Currently only the following actions are provided.
+</p>
+<dl class="dl2">
+<dt class="dt2">
+genclass-ruby</dt>
+<dd class="dd2">
+<p>	Generate class definitions in Ruby.
 </p>
-<dl class="dl3">
-<dt class="dt3"><strong>
-genclass-ruby </strong></dt>
-<dd class="dd3">
-	Generate class definitions in Ruby.
 </dd>
-<dt class="dt3"><strong>
-genclass-java </strong></dt>
-<dd class="dd3">
-	Generate class definitions in Java.
+<dt class="dt2">
+genclass-java</dt>
+<dd class="dd2">
+<p>	Generate class definitions in Java.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt2">
+genclass-php</dt>
+<dd class="dd2">
+<p>	Generate class definitions in Ruby.
+</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 <p>In fact action name represents template filename.
@@ -1275,6 +1508,9 @@ For example, action 'genclass-ruby' invokes template file 'kwalify/templates/gen
 For example, action 'genclass-ruby' can accept the command-line properties '--module=<em>name</em>', '--parent=<em>name</em>', and so on.
 Type 'kwalify -h -a <em>action</em>' to show the list of command-line properties the action can accept.
 </p>
+<p>It is able to add your on action template file.
+The command-line option '-I' (template path) will help you.
+</p>
 <a name="action-genclass"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">Class Definition Generation</h3>
 <p>Command-line option '-a genclass-ruby' or '-a genclass-java' generates class definition
@@ -1282,9 +1518,9 @@ automatically from schema definition in Ruby or Java.
 </p>
 <p>Assume the following data file and schema definition.
 </p>
-<a name="address-book.yaml"></a>
+<a name="address_book.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>address-book.yaml</code> : data file</div>
+<code>address_book.yaml</code> : data file</div>
 <pre class="program">groups:
   - name:   family
@@ -1296,7 +1532,7 @@ automatically from schema definition in Ruby or Java.
   - name:   business
     desc:   those who works together
-persons:
+people:
   - name:   Sumire
     group:  family
@@ -1313,27 +1549,27 @@ persons:
     email:  cherry@mail.net
     phone:  012-345-6789
 </pre>
-<a name="address-book.schema.yaml"></a>
+<a name="address_book.schema.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>address-book.schema.yaml</code> : schema definition file</div>
+<code>address_book.schema.yaml</code> : schema definition file</div>
 <pre class="program">type:  map
-<strong>classname:  AddressBook</strong>
+<strong>class:  AddressBook</strong>
 desc:  address-book class
 mapping:
  "groups":
     type:  seq
     sequence:
       - type:  map
-        <strong>classname:  Group</strong>
+        <strong>class:  Group</strong>
         desc:  group class
         mapping:
          "name":  { type: str,  required: yes }
          "desc":  { type: str }
- "persons":
+ "people":
     type:  seq
     sequence:
       - type:  map
-        <strong>classname:  Person</strong>
+        <strong>class:  Person</strong>
         desc:  person class
         mapping:
          "name":  { type: str, required: yes }
@@ -1343,81 +1579,95 @@ mapping:
          "phone": { type: str }
          "birth": { type: date }
          "blood": { type: str, enum: [A, B, O, AB] }
+         "deleted": { type: bool, <strong>default: false</strong> }
 </pre>
 <a name="action-genclass-ruby"></a>
 <h4 class="section3">Ruby Class Definition</h4>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 generate class definition</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify <strong>-a genclass-ruby</strong> -tf address-book.schema.yaml &gt; address-book.rb
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify <strong>-a genclass-ruby</strong> -tf address_book.schema.yaml &gt; address_book.rb
 </pre>
-<a name="address-book.rb"></a>
+<a name="address_book.rb"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>address-book.rb</code> : generated class definition</div>
+<code>address_book.rb</code> : generated class definition</div>
 <pre class="program">## address-book class
 class AddressBook
-  def initialize(hash)
-    @persons    = (v=hash['persons']) ? v.map!{|e| e.is_a?(Person) ? e : Person.new(e)} : v
-    @groups     = (v=hash['groups']) ? v.map!{|e| e.is_a?(Group) ? e : Group.new(e)} : v
+  def initialize(hash=nil)
+    if hash.nil?
+      return
+    end
+    @groups           = (v=hash['groups']) ? v.map!{|e| e.is_a?(Group) ? e : Group.new(e)} : v
+    @people           = (v=hash['people']) ? v.map!{|e| e.is_a?(Person) ? e : Person.new(e)} : v
   end
-  attr_accessor :persons    # seq
-  attr_accessor :groups     # seq
-end
-## person class
-class Person
-  def initialize(hash)
-    @name       = hash['name']
-    @desc       = hash['desc']
-    @phone      = hash['phone']
-    @blood      = hash['blood']
-    @group      = hash['group']
-    @birth      = hash['birth']
-    @email      = hash['email']
-  end
-  attr_accessor :name       # str
-  attr_accessor :desc       # str
-  attr_accessor :phone      # str
-  attr_accessor :blood      # str
-  attr_accessor :group      # str
-  attr_accessor :birth      # date
-  attr_accessor :email      # str
+  attr_accessor :groups           # seq
+  attr_accessor :people           # seq
 end
 ## group class
 class Group
-  def initialize(hash)
-    @name       = hash['name']
-    @desc       = hash['desc']
+  def initialize(hash=nil)
+    if hash.nil?
+      return
+    end
+    @name             = hash['name']
+    @desc             = hash['desc']
   end
-  attr_accessor :name       # str
-  attr_accessor :desc       # str
+  attr_accessor :name             # str
+  attr_accessor :desc             # str
 end
+## person class
+class Person
+  def initialize(hash=nil)
+    if hash.nil?
+      @deleted          = false
+      return
+    end
+    @name             = hash['name']
+    @desc             = hash['desc']
+    @group            = hash['group']
+    @email            = hash['email']
+    @phone            = hash['phone']
+    @birth            = hash['birth']
+    @blood            = hash['blood']
+    @deleted          = (v=hash['deleted']).nil? ? false : v
+  end
+  attr_accessor :name             # str
+  attr_accessor :desc             # str
+  attr_accessor :group            # str
+  attr_accessor :email            # str
+  attr_accessor :phone            # str
+  attr_accessor :birth            # date
+  attr_accessor :blood            # str
+  attr_accessor :deleted          # bool
+  def deleted?      ;  @deleted      ; end
+end
 </pre>
-<a name="example-address-book.rb"></a>
+<a name="example_address_book.rb"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>example-address-book.rb</code> : example code of using address-book.rb</div>
-<pre class="program">require 'address-book'
+<code>example_address_book.rb</code> : example code of using address-book.rb</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'address_book'
 require 'yaml'
 require 'pp'
-str = File.read('address-book.yaml')
+str = File.read('address_book.yaml')
 ydoc = YAML.load(str)
 <strong>addrbook = AddressBook.new(ydoc)</strong>
 pp <strong>addrbook.groups</strong>
-pp <strong>addrbook.persons</strong>
+pp <strong>addrbook.people</strong>
 </pre>
-<a name="example-address-book.expected"></a>
+<a name="example_address_book_ruby.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 result</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ ruby example-address-book.rb
+<pre class="terminal">$ ruby example_address_book.rb
 [#&lt;Group:0xddf24 @desc="my family", @name="family"&gt;,
  #&lt;Group:0xddf10 @desc="my friends", @name="friend"&gt;,
  #&lt;Group:0xdde84 @desc="those who works together", @name="business"&gt;]
 [#&lt;Person:0xdefdc
   @birth=#&lt;Date: 4903089/2,0,2299161&gt;,
   @blood="A",
+  @deleted=false,
   @desc=nil,
   @email=nil,
   @group="family",
@@ -1426,6 +1676,7 @@ result</div>
  #&lt;Person:0xdee9c
   @birth=#&lt;Date: 4899437/2,0,2299161&gt;,
   @blood=nil,
+  @deleted=false,
   @desc=nil,
   @email="shiina@mail.org",
   @group="friend",
@@ -1434,6 +1685,7 @@ result</div>
  #&lt;Person:0xde8e8
   @birth=nil,
   @blood=nil,
+  @deleted=false,
   @desc=nil,
   @email="cherry@mail.net",
   @group="business",
@@ -1442,37 +1694,40 @@ result</div>
 </pre>
 <p>Command-line option '<code>-h -a genclass-ruby</code>' shows the commpand-line properties that template can accept.
 </p>
-<a name="option_ha.expected"></a>
+<a name="option_ha.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 show command-line properties</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -ha genclass-ruby
   --module=name   :  module name in which class defined
   --parent=name   :  parent class name
   --include=name  :  module name which all classes include
+  --initialize=false :  not print initialize() method
+  --hashlike      :  include Kwalify::Util::HashLike module
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 example of command-line properties</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -a genclass-ruby --module=My --include=Kwalify::HashInterface
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -a genclass-ruby --module=My --hashlike
 </pre>
-<p>'Kwalify::HashInterface' is a module which make object accessible like as Hash.
-It is defined in 'kwalify/util/hash-interface.rb'
+<p>If command-line property '--hashlike' (== '--hashlike=true') is specified,
+module Kwalify::Util::HashLike is included for each classes generated.
+That module is defined in 'kwalify/util/hashlike.rb'
 </p>
 <br>
 <a name="action-genclass-java"></a>
 <h4 class="section3">Java Class Definition</h4>
-<a name="genclass_java.expected"></a>
+<a name="genclass_java.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 generate java class definition</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify <strong>-a genclass-java</strong> -tf address-book.schema.yaml
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify <strong>-a genclass-java</strong> -tf address_book.schema.yaml
 generating ./AddressBook.java...done.
-generating ./Person.java...done.
 generating ./Group.java...done.
+generating ./Person.java...done.
 </pre>
 <a name="AddressBook.java.expected"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 <code>AddressBook.java</code> : generated class definition</div>
-<pre class="program">// generated by kwalify from address-book.schema.yaml
+<pre class="program">// generated by kwalify from address_book.schema.yaml
 import java.util.*;
@@ -1481,42 +1736,42 @@ import java.util.*;
  */
 public class AddressBook {
-    private List _persons;
     private List _groups;
+    private List _people;
     public AddressBook() {}
     public AddressBook(Map map) {
         List seq;
         Object obj;
-        if ((seq = (List)map.get("persons")) != null) {
+        if ((seq = (List)map.get("groups")) != null) {
             for (int i = 0; i &lt; seq.size(); i++) {
                 if ((obj = seq.get(i)) instanceof Map) {
-                    seq.set(i, new Person((Map)obj));
+                    seq.set(i, new Group((Map)obj));
                 }
             }
         }
-        _persons      = seq;
-        if ((seq = (List)map.get("groups")) != null) {
+        _groups       = seq;
+        if ((seq = (List)map.get("people")) != null) {
             for (int i = 0; i &lt; seq.size(); i++) {
                 if ((obj = seq.get(i)) instanceof Map) {
-                    seq.set(i, new Group((Map)obj));
+                    seq.set(i, new Person((Map)obj));
                 }
             }
         }
-        _groups       = seq;
+        _people       = seq;
     }
-    public List getPersons() { return _persons; }
-    public void setPersons(List persons_) { _persons = persons_; }
     public List getGroups() { return _groups; }
     public void setGroups(List groups_) { _groups = groups_; }
+    public List getPeople() { return _people; }
+    public void setPeople(List people_) { _people = people_; }
 }
 </pre>
 <a name="Group.java.expected"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 <code>Group.java</code> : generated class definition</div>
-<pre class="program">// generated by kwalify from address-book.schema.yaml
+<pre class="program">// generated by kwalify from address_book.schema.yaml
 import java.util.*;
@@ -1544,7 +1799,7 @@ public class Group {
 <a name="Person.java.expected"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 <code>Person.java</code> : generated class definition</div>
-<pre class="program">// generated by kwalify from address-book.schema.yaml
+<pre class="program">// generated by kwalify from address_book.schema.yaml
 import java.util.*;
@@ -1555,38 +1810,38 @@ public class Person {
     private String _name;
     private String _desc;
-    private String _phone;
-    private String _blood;
     private String _group;
-    private Date _birth;
     private String _email;
+    private String _phone;
+    private Date _birth;
+    private String _blood;
     public Person() {}
     public Person(Map map) {
         _name         = (String)map.get("name");
         _desc         = (String)map.get("desc");
-        _phone        = (String)map.get("phone");
-        _blood        = (String)map.get("blood");
         _group        = (String)map.get("group");
-        _birth        = (Date)map.get("birth");
         _email        = (String)map.get("email");
+        _phone        = (String)map.get("phone");
+        _birth        = (Date)map.get("birth");
+        _blood        = (String)map.get("blood");
     }
     public String getName() { return _name; }
     public void setName(String name_) { _name = name_; }
     public String getDesc() { return _desc; }
     public void setDesc(String desc_) { _desc = desc_; }
-    public String getPhone() { return _phone; }
-    public void setPhone(String phone_) { _phone = phone_; }
-    public String getBlood() { return _blood; }
-    public void setBlood(String blood_) { _blood = blood_; }
     public String getGroup() { return _group; }
     public void setGroup(String group_) { _group = group_; }
-    public Date getBirth() { return _birth; }
-    public void setBirth(Date birth_) { _birth = birth_; }
     public String getEmail() { return _email; }
     public void setEmail(String email_) { _email = email_; }
+    public String getPhone() { return _phone; }
+    public void setPhone(String phone_) { _phone = phone_; }
+    public Date getBirth() { return _birth; }
+    public void setBirth(Date birth_) { _birth = birth_; }
+    public String getBlood() { return _blood; }
+    public void setBlood(String blood_) { _blood = blood_; }
 }
 </pre>
 <a name="ExampleAddressBook.java"></a>
@@ -1598,12 +1853,12 @@ import kwalify.*;
 public class ExampleAddressBook {
     public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
         // read schema
-        String schema_str = Util.readFile("address-book.schema.yaml");
+        String schema_str = Util.readFile("address_book.schema.yaml");
         schema_str = Util.untabify(schema_str);
         Object schema = new YamlParser(schema_str).parse();
         // read document file
-        String document_str = Util.readFile("address-book.yaml");
+        String document_str = Util.readFile("address_book.yaml");
         document_str = Util.untabify(document_str);
         YamlParser parser = new YamlParser(document_str);
         Object document = parser.parse();
@@ -1622,10 +1877,10 @@ public class ExampleAddressBook {
             }
         }
-        // show persons
-        List persons = addrbook.getPersons();
-        if (persons != null) {
-            for (Iterator it = persons.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
+        // show people
+        List people = addrbook.getPeople();
+        if (people != null) {
+            for (Iterator it = people.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
                 Person person = (Person)it.next();
                 System.out.println("person name:  " + person.getName());
                 System.out.println("person group: " + person.getGroup());
@@ -1640,7 +1895,7 @@ public class ExampleAddressBook {
 }
 </pre>
-<a name="example-address-book-java.expected"></a>
+<a name="example_address_book_java.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 result</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ javac -classpath '.:kwalify.jar' *.java
@@ -1678,7 +1933,7 @@ person birth: null
 </pre>
 <p>Command-line option '<code>-h -a genclass-java</code>' shows the commpand-line properties that template can accept.
 </p>
-<a name="option_ha_genclass_java.expected"></a>
+<a name="option_ha_genclass_java.result"></a>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 show command-line properties</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -ha genclass-java
@@ -1687,6 +1942,7 @@ show command-line properties</div>
   --implements=name,... :  interface names to implement
   --dir=path            :  directory to locate output file
   --basedir=path        :  base directory to locate output file
+  --constructor=false   :  not print initialize() method
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 example of command-line properties</div>
@@ -1700,25 +1956,16 @@ example of command-line properties</div>
 <br>
-<a name="usage"></a>
-<h2 class="section1">Usage of Kwalify</h2>
-<a name="usage1"></a>
+<a name="ref"></a>
+<h2 class="section1">References</h2>
+<a name="ref-usage"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">Usage in Command-Line</h3>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
-usage1: validate YAML document in command-line</div>
-<pre class="terminal">### kwalify-ruby
+</div>
+<pre class="terminal">### usage1: validate YAML document in command-line
 $ kwalify -f schema.yaml document.yaml [document2.yaml ...]
-### kwalify-java
-$ java -classpath kwalify.jar kwalify.Main -f schema.yaml document.yaml [document2.yaml ...]
-</pre>
-<div class="terminal_caption">
-usage2: validate schema definition in command-line</div>
-<pre class="terminal">### kwalify-ruby
+### usage2: validate schema definition in command-line
 $ kwalify -m schema.yaml [schema2.yaml ...]
-### kwalify-java
-$ java -classpath kwalify.jar kwalify.Main -m schema.yaml [schema2.yaml ...]
 </pre>
 <p>Command-line options:
 </p>
@@ -1734,9 +1981,14 @@ $ java -classpath kwalify.jar kwalify.Main -m schema.yaml [schema2.yaml ...]
 	Print version.
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
+<code>-q</code> </strong></dt>
+<dd class="dd3">
+	Quiet mode.
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>-s</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
-	Silent mode.
+	(Obsolete. Use '-q' instead.) Silent mode.
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>-f <em>schema.yaml</em></code> </strong></dt>
@@ -1769,104 +2021,17 @@ $ java -classpath kwalify.jar kwalify.Main -m schema.yaml [schema2.yaml ...]
 	Do action. Currently supported action is 'genclass-ruby' and 'genclass-java'.
 	Try '-ha action' to get help about the action.
 </dd>
+<dt class="dt3"><strong>
+<code>-I path1,path2,...</code> </strong></dt>
+<dd class="dd3">
+	Template path (for '-a').
+</dd>
+<dt class="dt3"><strong>
+<code>-P</code> </strong></dt>
+<dd class="dd3">
+	Enable preceding alias.
+</dd>
 </dl>
-<p>Notice that the command-line option <code>-l</code> is an experimental feature, for kwalify command use original YAML parser instead of Syck parser when this option is specified.
-</p>
-<p>If you are an Emacs user, try <code>-E</code> option that show errors in format which Emacs can parse and jump to errors.
-You can use <code>C-x `</code> (next-error) to jump into errors.
-</p>
-<br>
-<a name="usage-ruby"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Usage in Ruby Script</h3>
-<p>The followings are example scripts for Ruby.
-</p>
-<div class="program_caption">
-validate YAML document in Ruby script</div>
-<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
-## parse schema definition and create validator
-schema = YAML.load_file('schema.yaml')
-validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema)  # raises Kwalify::SchemaError if wrong
-## validate YAML document
-document = YAML.load_file('document.yaml')
-error_list = validator.validate(document)
-unless error_list.empty?
-   error_list.each do |error|     # error is instance of Kwalify::ValidationError
-      puts "[#{error.path}] #{error.message}"
-   end
-end
-</pre>
-<div class="program_caption">
-validate YAML document and show linenumber on where error is found.</div>
-<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
-## parse schema definition and create validator
-schema = YAML.load_file('schema.yaml')
-validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema)  # raises Kwalify::SchemaError if wrong
-## parse YAML document with Kwalify's parser
-str = File.read('document.yaml')
-parser = Kwalify::Parser.new(str)
-document = parser.parse()
-## validate document and show errors
-error_list = validator.validate(document)
-unless error_list.empty?
-   parser.set_errors_linenum(error_list)  # set linenum on error
-   error_list.sort.each do |error|
-      puts "(line %d)[%s] %s" % [error.linenum, error.path, error.message]
-   end
-end
-</pre>
-<p>Kwalify's YAML parser is experimental. You should notice that Kwalify's YAML parser is limited only for basic syntax of YAML.
-</p>
-<br>
-<a name="usage-java"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Usage in Java Program</h3>
-<p>The followings are example programs of Java.
-</p>
-<div class="program_caption">
-validate YAML document and show linenumber on where error is found.</div>
-<pre class="program">import kwalify.*;
-public class Test {
-  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
-    // read schema
-    String schema_str = Util.readFile("schema.yaml");
-    schema_str = Util.untabify(schema_str);
-    Object schema = new YamlParser(schema_str).parse();
-    // read document file
-    String document_str = Util.readFile("document.yaml");
-    document_str = Util.untabify(document_str);
-    YamlParser parser = new YamlParser(document_str);
-    Object document = parser.parse();
-    // create validator and validate
-    Validator validator = new Validator(schema);
-    List errors = validator.validate(document);
-    // show errors
-    if (errors != null &amp;&amp; errors.size() &gt; 0) {
-      parser.setErrorsLineNumber(errors);
-      Collections.sort(errors);
-      for (Iterator it = errors.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
-        ValidationException error = (ValidationException)it.next();
-        int linenum = error.getLineNumber();
-        String path = error.getPath();
-        String mesg = error.getMessage();
-        System.out.println("- " + linenum + ": [" + path + "] " + mesg);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-</pre>
 <br>