kwalify 0.3.0 → 0.4.0

data/ChangeLog

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 .=title:          ChangeLog
-.?release:        $Release: 0.3.0 $
+.?release:        $Release: 0.4.0 $
 .?lastupdate:     $Date$
 .?version:        $Rev$
 
+.: 2005-10-25 (release 0.4.0)
+   .* Enhances:
+      .- New command-line option '-l' prints error line numbers.
+      .- Supports default rule of mapping.
+
 .: 2005-09-30 (release 0.3.0)
    .* Enhances:
       .- Support 'max-ex' and 'min-ex' (max/min exclusive) support with 'range:'

data/README.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 .=title:	README
 .?version:	$Rev: 18 $
 .?lastupdate:	$Date: 2005-09-25 22:36:35 +0900 (Sun, 25 Sep 2005) $
-.?release:	$Release: 0.3.0 $
+.?release:	$Release: 0.4.0 $
 
 
 .$ About Kwalify

data/bin/kwalify

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ###
 ### $Rev: 12 $
-### $Release: 0.3.0 $
+### $Release: 0.4.0 $
 ### copyright(c) 2005 kuwata-lab all rights reserved.
 ###
 

data/doc/users-guide.html

@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
     <div align="left"><h1>Kwalify Users' Guide</h1></div>
     <div align="left">
       makoto kuwata &lt;kwa(at)kuwata-lab.com&gt;<br>
-      last update: $Date: 2005-10-02 22:45:14 +0900 (Sun, 02 Oct 2005) $<br>
+      last update: $Date: 2005-10-25 08:01:14 +0900 (Tue, 25 Oct 2005) $<br>
     </div>
 
 <a name="preface"></a>
 <h2 class="section1">Preface</h2>
-<p>Kwalify<sup>(<a href="#fnref:1" name="fnlink:1">*1</a>)</sup> is a tiny schema validator for YAML document.
+<p>Kwalify<sup>(<a href="#fnref:1" name="fnlink:1">*1</a>)</sup> is a tiny schema validator for YAML and JSON document.
 </p>
 <p>Do you know "80-20 rule" known as Pareto Law?  This rule suggests that 20% of the population owns 80% of the wealth.
 Kwalify is based on a new "50-5 rule" which suggests that 5% of the population owns 50 of the wealth.
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ This rule is more aggressive and cost-effective than Pareto Law. The rule is nam
  </tr>
  <tr class="tr1">
   <td class="td1">XML Schema</td>
-  <td class="td1">96%</td>
-  <td class="td1">80%</td>
-  <td class="td1">1.2 (= 96/80)</td>
+  <td class="td1">95%</td>
+  <td class="td1">100%</td>
+  <td class="td1">0.95 (= 95/100)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr class="tr1">
   <td class="td1">RelaxNG</td>
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Table of Contents:
     </li>
     <li><a href="#schema-map-of-seq">Mapping of Sequence</a>
     </li>
-    <li><a href="#schema-rules">Rules</a>
+    <li><a href="#schema-rules">Rule and Constraint</a>
     </li>
     <li><a href="#schema-unique">Unique constraint</a>
     </li>
@@ -94,8 +94,14 @@ Table of Contents:
   <ul>
     <li><a href="#tips-quotes">Enclose Key Names in (Double) Quotes</a>
     </li>
+    <li><a href="#tips-json">JSON</a>
+    </li>
     <li><a href="#tips-anchor">Anchor</a>
     </li>
+    <li><a href="#tips-default">Default of Mapping</a>
+    </li>
+    <li><a href="#tips-merge">Merging Mappings</a>
+    </li>
   </ul>
   </li>
 </ul>
@@ -154,7 +160,14 @@ usage2: validate schema definition in command-line</div>
 <dd class="dd3">
 	Expand tab characters to spaces automatically.
 </dd>
+<dt class="dt3"><strong>
+<code>-l</code> </strong></dt>
+<dd class="dd3">
+	Show linenumber on which error found.
+</dd>
 </dl>
+<p>Notice that the command-line option <code>-l</code> is an experimental feature, for kwalify command use original YAML parser instead of Syck parser when this option is specified.
+</p>
 <br>
 
 
@@ -177,6 +190,30 @@ unless error_list.empty?
    end
 end
 </pre>
+<div class="program_caption">
+validate YAML document and show linenumber on where error is found.</div>
+<pre class="program">require 'kwalify'
+
+## parse schema definition and create validator
+schema = YAML.load_file('schema.yaml')
+validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema)  # raises Kwalify::SchemaError if wrong
+
+## parse YAML document with Kwalify's parser
+str = File.read('document.yaml')
+parser = Kwalify::Parser.new(str)
+document = parser.parse()
+
+## validate document and show errors
+error_list = validator.validate(document)
+unless error_list.empty?
+   parser.set_error_linenums(error_list)  # set linenum on error
+   error_list.sort { |e1, e2| e1.linenum &lt;=&gt; e2.linenum }.each do |error|
+      puts "(line %d)[%s] %s" % [error.linenum, error.path, error.message]
+   end
+end
+</pre>
+<p>Kwalify's YAML parser is experimental. You should notice that Kwalify's YAML parser is limited only for basic syntax of YAML.
+</p>
 <br>
 
 
@@ -203,7 +240,7 @@ sequence:
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -f schema01.yaml document01a.yaml
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema01.yaml document01a.yaml
 document01a.yaml#0: valid.
 </pre>
 <a name="document01b.yaml"></a>
@@ -215,9 +252,9 @@ document01a.yaml#0: valid.
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -f schema01.yaml document01b.yaml
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema01.yaml document01b.yaml
 document01b.yaml#0: INVALID
-  - [/1] '123': not a string.
+  - (line 2) [/1] '123': not a string.
 </pre>
 <p>Default '<code>type:</code>' is <code>str</code> so you can omit '<code>type: str</code>'.
 </p>
@@ -252,7 +289,7 @@ birth:  1985-01-01
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -f schema02.yaml document02a.yaml
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema02.yaml document02a.yaml
 document02a.yaml#0: valid.
 </pre>
 <a name="document02b.yaml"></a>
@@ -265,11 +302,11 @@ birth:  Jun 01, 1985
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -f schema02.yaml document02b.yaml
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema02.yaml document02b.yaml
 document02b.yaml#0: INVALID
-  - [/birth] 'Jun 01, 1985': not a date.
-  - [/age] 'twenty': not a integer.
-  - [/email] 'foo(at)mail.com': not matched to pattern /@/.
+  - (line 2) [/email] 'foo(at)mail.com': not matched to pattern /@/.
+  - (line 3) [/age] 'twenty': not a integer.
+  - (line 4) [/birth] 'Jun 01, 1985': not a date.
 </pre>
 <br>
 
@@ -301,7 +338,7 @@ sequence:
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -f schema03.yaml document03a.yaml
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema03.yaml document03a.yaml
 document03a.yaml#0: valid.
 </pre>
 <a name="document03b.yaml"></a>
@@ -316,11 +353,11 @@ document03a.yaml#0: valid.
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -f schema03.yaml document03b.yaml
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema03.yaml document03b.yaml
 document03b.yaml#0: INVALID
-  - [/1] key 'name:' is required.
-  - [/1] key 'naem:' is undefined.
-  - [/2] key 'mail:' is undefined.
+  - (line 3) [/1] key 'name:' is required.
+  - (line 3) [/1] key 'naem:' is undefined.
+  - (line 5) [/2] key 'mail:' is undefined.
 </pre>
 <br>
 
@@ -366,7 +403,7 @@ employees:
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -f schema04.yaml document04a.yaml
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema04.yaml document04a.yaml
 document04a.yaml#0: valid.
 </pre>
 <a name="document04b.yaml"></a>
@@ -384,16 +421,18 @@ employees:
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -f schema04.yaml document04b.yaml
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema04.yaml document04b.yaml
 document04b.yaml#0: INVALID
-  - [/employees/0/code] 'A101': not a integer.
-  - [/employees/1] key 'mail:' is undefined.
+  - (line 4) [/employees/0/code] 'A101': not a integer.
+  - (line 7) [/employees/1] key 'mail:' is undefined.
 </pre>
 <br>
 
 
 <a name="schema-rules"></a>
-<h3 class="section2">Rules</h3>
+<h3 class="section2">Rule and Constraint</h3>
+<p>The followings are constraints.
+</p>
 <dl class="dl3">
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>required:</code> </strong></dt>
@@ -456,12 +495,23 @@ document04b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>range:</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
-	Range of value between max and min. Type <code>seq</code>, <code>map</code>, <code>bool</code> and <code>any</code> are not available with <code>range:</code>.
+	Range of value between max/max-ex and min/min-ex.
+	<ul type="circle">
+	<li>'max' means 'max-inclusive'.
+	</li>
+	<li>'min' means 'min-inclusive'.
+	</li>
+	<li>'max-ex' means 'max-exclusive'.
+	</li>
+	<li>'min-ex' means 'min-exclusive'.
+	</li>
+	</ul>
+	Type <code>seq</code>, <code>map</code>, <code>bool</code> and <code>any</code> are not available with <code>range:</code>.
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>length:</code> </strong></dt>
 <dd class="dd3">
-	Range of length of value between max and min. Only type <code>str</code> and <code>text</code> are available with <code>length:</code>.
+	Range of length of value between max/max-ex and min/min-ex. Only type <code>str</code> and <code>text</code> are available with <code>length:</code>.
 </dd>
 <dt class="dt3"><strong>
 <code>assert:</code> </strong></dt>
@@ -475,6 +525,8 @@ document04b.yaml#0: INVALID
 	Value is unique for mapping or sequence. See the next subsection for detail.
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<p>A group of constraints is called "rule". For example, constraints which are element value of 'sequence:' or 'mapping:' are rules.
+</p>
 <a name="schema05.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 <code>schema05.yaml</code> : rules examples</div>
@@ -495,7 +547,7 @@ sequence:
       age:
         type:       int
         range:      { max: 30, min: 18 }
-        # or assert: 30 &lt;= val &amp;&amp; val &lt;= 18
+        # or assert: 18 &lt;= val &amp;&amp; val &lt;= 30
       blood:
         type:       str
         enum:
@@ -525,7 +577,7 @@ sequence:
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -f schema05.yaml document05a.yaml
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema05.yaml document05a.yaml
 document05a.yaml#0: valid.
 </pre>
 <a name="document05b.yaml"></a>
@@ -546,17 +598,17 @@ document05a.yaml#0: valid.
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -f schema05.yaml document05b.yaml
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema05.yaml document05b.yaml
 document05b.yaml#0: INVALID
-  - [/0/blood] 'a': invalid blood value.
-  - [/0/age] 'twenty': not a integer.
-  - [/0/password] 'xxx123': too short (length 6 &lt; min 8).
-  - [/0/email] 'foo(at)mail.com': not matched to pattern /@/.
-  - [/1] key 'name:' is required.
-  - [/1] key 'family-name:' is undefined.
-  - [/1] key 'given-name:' is undefined.
-  - [/1/birth] '1980/01/01': not a date.
-  - [/1/age] '15': too small (&lt; min 18).
+  - (line 2) [/0/email] 'foo(at)mail.com': not matched to pattern /@/.
+  - (line 3) [/0/password] 'xxx123': too short (length 6 &lt; min 8).
+  - (line 4) [/0/age] 'twenty': not a integer.
+  - (line 5) [/0/blood] 'a': invalid blood value.
+  - (line 7) [/1] key 'given-name:' is undefined.
+  - (line 7) [/1] key 'family-name:' is undefined.
+  - (line 7) [/1] key 'name:' is required.
+  - (line 10) [/1/age] '15': too small (&lt; min 18).
+  - (line 12) [/1/birth] '1980/01/01': not a date.
 </pre>
 <br>
 
@@ -566,12 +618,12 @@ document05b.yaml#0: INVALID
 <p>'<code>unique:</code>' constraint is available with elements of sequence or mapping.
 This is equivalent to unique key or primary key of RDBMS.
 </p>
-<p>Type of a rule which has '<code>unique:</code>' constraint should be scalar (str, int, float, ...).
-Type of parent rule should be sequence or mapping.
+<p>Type of a rule which has '<code>unique:</code>' constraint must be scalar (str, int, float, ...).
+Type of parent rule must be sequence or mapping.
 </p>
 <a name="schema06.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>schema06.yaml</code> : unique constraint with mapping</div>
+<code>schema06.yaml</code> : unique constraint with mapping and sequence</div>
 <pre class="program">type: seq
 sequence:
   - type:     map
@@ -610,7 +662,7 @@ sequence:
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -f schema06.yaml document06a.yaml
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema06.yaml document06a.yaml
 document06a.yaml#0: valid.
 </pre>
 <a name="document06b.yaml"></a>
@@ -635,10 +687,10 @@ document06a.yaml#0: valid.
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -f schema06.yaml document06b.yaml
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema06.yaml document06b.yaml
 document06b.yaml#0: INVALID
-  - [/0/groups/3] 'foo': is already used at '/0/groups/0'.
-  - [/2/name] 'bar': is already used at '/1/name'.
+  - (line 7) [/0/groups/3] 'foo': is already used at '/0/groups/0'.
+  - (line 13) [/2/name] 'bar': is already used at '/1/name'.
 </pre>
 <br>
 
@@ -653,11 +705,11 @@ This method is called by Kwalify::Validator#validate().
 schema07.yaml : 'name:' is important.</div>
 <pre class="program">type:      map
 mapping:
-  questionnaires:
+  answers:
     type:      seq
     sequence:
       - type:      map
-        <strong>name:        Questionnaire</strong>
+        <strong>name:        Answer</strong>
         mapping:
           name:
             type:      str
@@ -680,8 +732,8 @@ validate07.rb : validate script</div>
 require 'kwalify'
 require 'yaml'
 
-## validator class for questionnaires
-class QuestionnairesValidator &lt; Kwalify::Validator
+## validator class for answers
+class AnswersValidator &lt; Kwalify::Validator
 
    ## load schema definition
    @@schema = YAML.load_file('schema07.yaml')
@@ -693,7 +745,7 @@ class QuestionnairesValidator &lt; Kwalify::Validator
    ## hook method called by Validator#validate()
    <strong>def validate_hook(value, rule, path, errors)</strong>
       <strong>case rule.name</strong>
-      <strong>when 'Questionnaire'</strong>
+      <strong>when 'Answer'</strong>
          if value['answer'] == 'bad'
             reason = value['reason']
             if !reason || reason.empty?
@@ -707,7 +759,7 @@ class QuestionnairesValidator &lt; Kwalify::Validator
 end
 
 ## create validator
-validator = QuestionnairesValidator.new
+validator = AnswersValidator.new
 
 ## load YAML document
 input = ARGF.read()
@@ -728,7 +780,7 @@ end
 <a name="document07a.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 <code>document07a.yaml</code> : valid document example</div>
-<pre class="program">questionnaires:
+<pre class="program">answers:
   - name:      Foo
     answer:    good
     reason:    I like this style.
@@ -746,7 +798,7 @@ Valid.
 <a name="document07b.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
 <code>document07b.yaml</code> : invalid document example</div>
-<pre class="program">questionnaires:
+<pre class="program">answers:
   - name:    Foo
     answer:   good
   - name:    Bar
@@ -758,7 +810,7 @@ Valid.
 validate</div>
 <pre class="terminal">$ ruby validate07.rb document07b.yaml
 *** INVALID!
- - [/questionnaires/1] : reason is required when answer is 'bad'.
+ - [/answers/1] : reason is required when answer is 'bad'.
 </pre>
 <br>
 
@@ -780,10 +832,10 @@ require 'yaml'
 ## load schema definition
 schema = YAML.load_file('schema06.yaml')
 
-## create validator for questionnaires
+## create validator for answers
 validator = Kwalify::Validator.new(schema) <strong>{ |value, rule, path, errors|</strong>
    <strong>case rule.name</strong>
-   <strong>when 'Questionnaire'</strong>
+   <strong>when 'Answer'</strong>
       if value['answer'] == 'bad'
          reason = value['reason']
          if !reason || reason.empty?
@@ -866,13 +918,90 @@ mapping:
 <br>
 
 
+<a name="tips-json"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">JSON</h3>
+<p><a href="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> is a lightweight data-interchange format, especially useful for JavaScript.
+JSON can be considered as a subset of YAML. It means that YAML parser can parse JSON and Kwalify can validate JSON document.
+</p>
+<a name="schema12.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+<code>schema12.yaml</code> : an example schema written in JSON format</div>
+<pre class="program">{ "type": "map",
+  "required": true,
+  "mapping": {
+    "name": {
+       "type": "str",
+       "required": true
+    },
+    "email": {
+       "type": "str"
+    },
+    "age": {
+       "type": "int"
+    },
+    "gender": {
+       "type": "str",
+       "enum": ["M", "F"]
+    },
+    "favorite": {
+       "type": "seq",
+       "sequence": [
+          { "type": "str" }
+       ]
+    }
+  }
+}
+</pre>
+<a name="document12a.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+<code>document12a.yaml</code> : valid JSON document example</div>
+<pre class="program">{ "name": "Foo",
+  "email": "foo@mail.com",
+  "age": 20,
+  "gender": "F",
+  "favorite": [
+     "football",
+     "basketball",
+     "baseball"
+  ]
+}
+</pre>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+validate</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema12.yaml document12a.yaml
+document12a.yaml#0: valid.
+</pre>
+<a name="document12b.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+<code>document12b.yaml</code> : invalid JSON document example</div>
+<pre class="program">{ 
+  "mail": "foo@mail.com",
+  "age": twenty,
+  "gender": "X",
+  "favorite": [ 123, 456 ]
+}
+</pre>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+validate</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema12.yaml document12b.yaml
+document12b.yaml#0: INVALID
+  - (line 1) [/] key 'name:' is required.
+  - (line 1) [/] key 'mail:' is undefined.
+  - (line 3) [/age] 'twenty': not a integer.
+  - (line 4) [/gender] 'X': invalid gender value.
+  - (line 5) [/favorite/0] '123': not a string.
+  - (line 5) [/favorite/1] '456': not a string.
+</pre>
+<br>
+
+
 <a name="tips-anchor"></a>
 <h3 class="section2">Anchor</h3>
 <p>You can share schemas with YAML anchor.
 </p>
-<a name="schema12.yaml"></a>
+<a name="schema13.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>schema12.yaml</code> : anchor example</div>
+<code>schema13.yaml</code> : anchor example</div>
 <pre class="program">type:   seq
 sequence:
   - <strong>&amp;employee</strong>
@@ -891,9 +1020,9 @@ sequence:
 </pre>
 <p>Anchor is also available in YAML document.
 </p>
-<a name="document12a.yaml"></a>
+<a name="document13a.yaml"></a>
 <div class="program_caption">
-<code>document12a.yaml</code> : valid document example</div>
+<code>document13a.yaml</code> : valid document example</div>
 <pre class="program">- <strong>&amp;foo</strong>
   given-name:    foo
   family-name:   Foo
@@ -914,8 +1043,145 @@ sequence:
 </pre>
 <div class="terminal_caption">
 validate</div>
-<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -f schema12.yaml document12a.yaml
-document12a.yaml#0: valid.
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema13.yaml document13a.yaml
+document13a.yaml#0: valid.
+</pre>
+<br>
+
+
+<a name="tips-default"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Default of Mapping</h3>
+<p>YAML allows user to specify default value of mapping.
+</p>
+<p>For example, the following YAML document uses default value of mapping.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">A: 10
+B: 20
+<strong>=: -1</strong>      # default value
+</pre>
+<p>This is equal to the following Ruby code.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">map = ["A"=&gt;10, "B"=&gt;20]
+map.default = -1
+map
+</pre>
+<p>Kwalify allows user to specify default rule using default value of mapping.
+It is useful when key names are unknown.
+</p>
+<a name="schema14.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+<code>schema14.yaml</code> : default rule example</div>
+<pre class="program">type: map
+mapping:
+  <strong>=:</strong>              # default rule
+    type: number
+    range: { max: 1, min: -1 }
+</pre>
+<a name="document14a.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+<code>document14a.yaml</code> : valid document example</div>
+<pre class="program">value1: 0
+value2: 0.5
+value3: -0.9
+</pre>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+validate</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema14.yaml document14a.yaml
+document14a.yaml#0: valid.
+</pre>
+<a name="document14b.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+<code>document14b.yaml</code> : invalid document example</div>
+<pre class="program">value1: 0
+value2: 1.1
+value3: -2.0
+</pre>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+validate</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema14.yaml document14b.yaml
+document14b.yaml#0: INVALID
+  - (line 2) [/value2] '1.1': too large (&gt; max 1).
+  - (line 3) [/value3] '-2.0': too small (&lt; min -1).
+</pre>
+<br>
+
+
+<a name="tips-merge"></a>
+<h3 class="section2">Merging Mappings</h3>
+<p>YAML allows user to merge mappings.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">- <strong>&amp;a1</strong>
+  A: 10
+  B: 20
+- <strong>&lt;&lt;: *a1</strong>            # merge
+  A: 15              # override
+  C: 30              # add
+</pre>
+<p>This is equal to the following Ruby code.
+</p>
+<pre class="program">a1 = {"A"=&gt;10, "B"=&gt;20}
+tmp = {}
+tmp.update(a1)       # merge
+tmp["A"] = 15        # override
+tmp["C"] = 30        # add
+</pre>
+<p>This feature allows Kwalify to merge rules.
+</p>
+<a name="schema15.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+<code>schema15.yaml</code> : default rule example</div>
+<pre class="program">type: map
+mapping:
+ "group":
+    type: map
+    mapping:
+     "name": <strong>&amp;name</strong>
+        type: str
+        required: yes
+     "email": <strong>&amp;email</strong>
+        type: str
+        pattern: /@/
+        required: no
+ "user":
+    type: map
+    mapping:
+     "name":
+        <strong>&lt;&lt;: *name             # merge</strong>
+        <strong>length: { max: 16 }   # override</strong>
+     "email":
+        <strong>&lt;&lt;: *email            # merge</strong>
+        <strong>required: yes         # add</strong>
+</pre>
+<a name="document15a.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+<code>document15a.yaml</code> : valid document example</div>
+<pre class="program">group:
+  name: foo
+  email: foo@mail.com
+user:
+  name: bar
+  email: bar@mail.com
+</pre>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+validate</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema15.yaml document15a.yaml
+document15a.yaml#0: valid.
+</pre>
+<a name="document15b.yaml"></a>
+<div class="program_caption">
+<code>document15b.yaml</code> : invalid document example</div>
+<pre class="program">group:
+  name: foo
+  email: foo@mail.com
+user:
+  name: toooooo-looooong-name
+</pre>
+<div class="terminal_caption">
+validate</div>
+<pre class="terminal">$ kwalify -lf schema15.yaml document15b.yaml
+document15b.yaml#0: INVALID
+  - (line 4) [/user] key 'email:' is required.
+  - (line 5) [/user/name] 'toooooo-looooong-name': too long (length 21 &gt; max 16).
 </pre>
 <br>