kumi 0.0.9 → 0.0.10

data/lib/kumi/core/analyzer/passes/broadcast_detector.rb

@@ -15,11 +15,18 @@ module Kumi
             # Find array fields with their element types
             array_fields = find_array_fields(input_meta)
 
+            # Build nested paths metadata for nested array traversal
+            nested_paths = build_nested_paths_metadata(input_meta)
+
             # Build compiler metadata
             compiler_metadata = {
               array_fields: array_fields,
               vectorized_operations: {},
-              reduction_operations: {}
+              reduction_operations: {},
+              nested_paths: nested_paths,
+              flattening_declarations: {},  # Track which declarations need flattening
+              cascade_strategies: {},       # Pre-computed cascade processing strategies
+              compilation_metadata: {}      # Pre-computed compilation decisions
             }
 
             # Track which values are vectorized for type inference
@@ -30,19 +37,32 @@ module Kumi
             values = definitions.select { |_name, decl| decl.is_a?(Kumi::Syntax::ValueDeclaration) }
 
             (traits.to_a + values.to_a).each do |name, decl|
-              result = analyze_value_vectorization(name, decl.expression, array_fields, vectorized_values, errors)
+              result = analyze_value_vectorization(name, decl.expression, array_fields, nested_paths, vectorized_values, errors,
+                                                   definitions)
 
               case result[:type]
               when :vectorized
                 compiler_metadata[:vectorized_operations][name] = result[:info]
+
+                # If this is a cascade with processing strategy, store it separately for easy compiler access
+                compiler_metadata[:cascade_strategies][name] = result[:info][:processing_strategy] if result[:info][:processing_strategy]
+
                 # Store array source information for dimension checking
                 array_source = extract_array_source(result[:info], array_fields)
                 vectorized_values[name] = { vectorized: true, array_source: array_source }
               when :reduction
                 compiler_metadata[:reduction_operations][name] = result[:info]
+                # Mark this specific declaration as needing flattening for its argument
+                compiler_metadata[:flattening_declarations][name] = result[:info]
                 # Reduction produces scalar, not vectorized
                 vectorized_values[name] = { vectorized: false }
               end
+
+              # Pre-compute compilation metadata for each declaration
+              compilation_meta = compute_compilation_metadata(
+                name, decl, compiler_metadata, vectorized_values, array_fields
+              )
+              compiler_metadata[:compilation_metadata][name] = compilation_meta
             end
 
             state.with(:broadcasts, compiler_metadata.freeze)
@@ -50,6 +70,76 @@ module Kumi
 
           private
 
+          def compute_compilation_metadata(name, _decl, compiler_metadata, _vectorized_values, _array_fields)
+            metadata = {
+              operation_mode: :broadcast, # Default mode
+              is_vectorized: false,
+              vectorization_context: {},
+              cascade_info: {},
+              function_call_strategy: {}
+            }
+
+            # Check if this declaration is vectorized
+            if compiler_metadata[:vectorized_operations][name]
+              metadata[:is_vectorized] = true
+              vectorized_info = compiler_metadata[:vectorized_operations][name]
+
+              # Pre-compute vectorization context
+              metadata[:vectorization_context] = {
+                has_vectorized_args: true,
+                needs_broadcasting: true,
+                array_structure_depth: estimate_array_depth(vectorized_info, compiler_metadata[:nested_paths])
+              }
+
+              # If this is a cascade, pre-compute cascade processing strategy
+              if vectorized_info[:source] == :cascade_with_vectorized_conditions_or_results
+                strategy = compiler_metadata[:cascade_strategies][name]
+                metadata[:cascade_info] = {
+                  is_vectorized: true,
+                  processing_mode: strategy&.dig(:mode) || :hierarchical,
+                  needs_hierarchical_processing: needs_hierarchical_processing?(strategy)
+                }
+              end
+            end
+
+            # Check if this declaration needs flattening
+            if compiler_metadata[:flattening_declarations][name]
+              metadata[:operation_mode] = :flatten
+              flattening_info = compiler_metadata[:flattening_declarations][name]
+
+              metadata[:function_call_strategy] = {
+                flattening_required: true,
+                flatten_argument_indices: flattening_info[:flatten_argument_indices] || [0],
+                result_structure: :scalar
+              }
+            end
+
+            metadata
+          end
+
+          def estimate_array_depth(vectorized_info, nested_paths)
+            case vectorized_info[:source]
+            when :nested_array_access
+              path = vectorized_info[:path]
+              nested_paths[path]&.dig(:array_depth) || 1
+            when :array_field_access
+              1
+            else
+              1
+            end
+          end
+
+          def needs_hierarchical_processing?(strategy)
+            return false unless strategy
+
+            case strategy[:mode]
+            when :nested_array, :deep_nested_array
+              true
+            else
+              false
+            end
+          end
+
           def find_array_fields(input_meta)
             result = {}
             input_meta.each do |name, meta|
@@ -63,10 +153,63 @@ module Kumi
             result
           end
 
-          def analyze_value_vectorization(name, expr, array_fields, vectorized_values, errors)
+          def build_nested_paths_metadata(input_meta)
+            nested_paths = {}
+
+            # Recursively build all possible nested paths from input metadata
+            input_meta.each do |root_name, root_meta|
+              collect_nested_paths(nested_paths, [root_name], root_meta, 0, nil)
+            end
+
+            nested_paths
+          end
+
+          def collect_nested_paths(nested_paths, current_path, current_meta, array_depth, parent_access_mode = nil)
+            # If current field is an array, increment array depth and track its access_mode
+            current_access_mode = parent_access_mode
+            if current_meta[:type] == :array
+              array_depth += 1
+              current_access_mode = current_meta[:access_mode] || :object # Default to :object if not specified
+            end
+
+            # If this field has children, recurse into them
+            if current_meta[:children]
+              current_meta[:children].each do |child_name, child_meta|
+                child_path = current_path + [child_name]
+
+                # Create metadata for this path if it involves arrays
+                if array_depth.positive?
+                  nested_paths[child_path] =
+                    build_path_metadata(child_path, child_meta, array_depth, current_access_mode)
+                end
+
+                # Recurse into child's children
+                collect_nested_paths(nested_paths, child_path, child_meta, array_depth, current_access_mode)
+              end
+            elsif array_depth.positive?
+              # Leaf field - create metadata if it involves arrays
+              nested_paths[current_path] = build_path_metadata(current_path, current_meta, array_depth, current_access_mode)
+            end
+          end
+
+          def build_path_metadata(_path, field_meta, array_depth, parent_access_mode = nil)
+            {
+              array_depth: array_depth,
+              element_type: field_meta[:type] || :any,
+              operation_mode: :broadcast, # Default mode - may be overridden for aggregations
+              result_structure: array_depth > 1 ? :nested_array : :array,
+              access_mode: parent_access_mode # Access mode of the parent array field
+            }
+          end
+
+          def analyze_value_vectorization(name, expr, array_fields, nested_paths, vectorized_values, errors, definitions = nil)
             case expr
             when Kumi::Syntax::InputElementReference
-              if array_fields.key?(expr.path.first)
+              # Check if this path exists in nested_paths metadata (supports nested arrays)
+              if nested_paths.key?(expr.path)
+                { type: :vectorized, info: { source: :nested_array_access, path: expr.path, nested_metadata: nested_paths[expr.path] } }
+              # Fallback to old array_fields detection for backward compatibility
+              elsif array_fields.key?(expr.path.first)
                 { type: :vectorized, info: { source: :array_field_access, path: expr.path } }
               else
                 { type: :scalar }
@@ -82,43 +225,57 @@ module Kumi
               end
 
             when Kumi::Syntax::CallExpression
-              analyze_call_vectorization(name, expr, array_fields, vectorized_values, errors)
+              analyze_call_vectorization(name, expr, array_fields, nested_paths, vectorized_values, errors, definitions)
 
             when Kumi::Syntax::CascadeExpression
-              analyze_cascade_vectorization(name, expr, array_fields, vectorized_values, errors)
+              analyze_cascade_vectorization(name, expr, array_fields, nested_paths, vectorized_values, errors, definitions)
 
             else
               { type: :scalar }
             end
           end
 
-          def analyze_call_vectorization(_name, expr, array_fields, vectorized_values, errors)
+          def analyze_call_vectorization(_name, expr, array_fields, nested_paths, vectorized_values, errors, definitions = nil)
             # Check if this is a reduction function using function registry metadata
             if Kumi::Registry.reducer?(expr.fn_name)
               # Only treat as reduction if the argument is actually vectorized
-              arg_info = analyze_argument_vectorization(expr.args.first, array_fields, vectorized_values)
+              arg_info = analyze_argument_vectorization(expr.args.first, array_fields, nested_paths, vectorized_values, definitions)
               if arg_info[:vectorized]
-                { type: :reduction, info: { function: expr.fn_name, source: arg_info[:source] } }
+                # Pre-compute which argument indices need flattening
+                flatten_indices = []
+                expr.args.each_with_index do |arg, index|
+                  arg_vectorization = analyze_argument_vectorization(arg, array_fields, nested_paths, vectorized_values, definitions)
+                  flatten_indices << index if arg_vectorization[:vectorized]
+                end
+
+                { type: :reduction, info: {
+                  function: expr.fn_name,
+                  source: arg_info[:source],
+                  argument: expr.args.first,
+                  flatten_argument_indices: flatten_indices
+                } }
               else
                 # Not a vectorized reduction - just a regular function call
                 { type: :scalar }
               end
 
             else
-              # Special case: all?, any?, none? functions with vectorized trait arguments should be treated as vectorized
-              # for cascade condition purposes (they get transformed during compilation)
-              if %i[all? any? none?].include?(expr.fn_name) && expr.args.length == 1
-                arg = expr.args.first
-                if arg.is_a?(Kumi::Syntax::ArrayExpression) && arg.elements.length == 1
-                  trait_ref = arg.elements.first
-                  if trait_ref.is_a?(Kumi::Syntax::DeclarationReference) && vectorized_values[trait_ref.name]&.[](:vectorized)
-                    return { type: :vectorized, info: { source: :cascade_condition_with_vectorized_trait, trait: trait_ref.name } }
-                  end
+
+              # Special case: cascade_and takes individual trait arguments
+              if expr.fn_name == :cascade_and
+                # Check if any of the individual arguments are vectorized traits
+                vectorized_trait = expr.args.find do |arg|
+                  arg.is_a?(Kumi::Syntax::DeclarationReference) && vectorized_values[arg.name]&.[](:vectorized)
+                end
+                if vectorized_trait
+                  return { type: :vectorized, info: { source: :cascade_condition_with_vectorized_trait, trait: vectorized_trait.name } }
                 end
               end
 
-              # ANY function with vectorized arguments becomes vectorized (with broadcasting)
-              arg_infos = expr.args.map { |arg| analyze_argument_vectorization(arg, array_fields, vectorized_values) }
+              # Analyze arguments to determine function behavior
+              arg_infos = expr.args.map do |arg|
+                analyze_argument_vectorization(arg, array_fields, nested_paths, vectorized_values, definitions)
+              end
 
               if arg_infos.any? { |info| info[:vectorized] }
                 # Check for dimension mismatches when multiple arguments are vectorized
@@ -133,21 +290,37 @@ module Kumi
                   return { type: :scalar } # Treat as scalar to prevent further errors
                 end
 
-                # This is a vectorized operation - ANY function supports broadcasting
-                { type: :vectorized, info: {
-                  operation: expr.fn_name,
-                  vectorized_args: arg_infos.map.with_index { |info, i| [i, info[:vectorized]] }.to_h
-                } }
+                # Check if this is a structure function that should work on the array as-is
+                if structure_function?(expr.fn_name)
+                  # Structure functions like size should work on structure as-is (scalar)
+                  { type: :scalar }
+                else
+                  # This is a vectorized operation - broadcast over elements
+                  { type: :vectorized, info: {
+                    operation: expr.fn_name,
+                    vectorized_args: arg_infos.map.with_index { |info, i| [i, info[:vectorized]] }.to_h
+                  } }
+                end
               else
+                # No vectorized arguments - regular scalar function
                 { type: :scalar }
               end
             end
           end
 
-          def analyze_argument_vectorization(arg, array_fields, vectorized_values)
+          def structure_function?(fn_name)
+            # Check if function is marked as working on structure (not broadcast over elements)
+            Kumi::Registry.structure_function?(fn_name)
+          end
+
+          def analyze_argument_vectorization(arg, array_fields, nested_paths, vectorized_values, definitions = nil)
             case arg
             when Kumi::Syntax::InputElementReference
-              if array_fields.key?(arg.path.first)
+              # Check nested paths first (supports nested arrays)
+              if nested_paths.key?(arg.path)
+                { vectorized: true, source: :nested_array_field, array_source: arg.path.first }
+              # Fallback to old array_fields detection for backward compatibility
+              elsif array_fields.key?(arg.path.first)
                 { vectorized: true, source: :array_field, array_source: arg.path.first }
               else
                 { vectorized: false }
@@ -165,7 +338,7 @@ module Kumi
 
             when Kumi::Syntax::CallExpression
               # Recursively check
-              result = analyze_value_vectorization(nil, arg, array_fields, vectorized_values, [])
+              result = analyze_value_vectorization(nil, arg, array_fields, nested_paths, vectorized_values, [], definitions)
               { vectorized: result[:type] == :vectorized, source: :expression }
 
             else
@@ -183,30 +356,415 @@ module Kumi
             end
           end
 
-          def analyze_cascade_vectorization(_name, expr, array_fields, vectorized_values, errors)
-            # A cascade is vectorized if:
-            # 1. Any of its result expressions are vectorized, OR
-            # 2. Any of its conditions reference vectorized values (traits or arrays)
-            vectorized_results = []
-            vectorized_conditions = []
+          def analyze_cascade_vectorization(name, expr, array_fields, nested_paths, vectorized_values, errors, definitions = nil)
+            # Enhanced cascade analysis with dimensional intelligence
+            condition_sources = []
+            result_sources = []
+            condition_dimensions = []
+            result_dimensions = []
+            is_vectorized = false
+
+            if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+              puts "DEBUG: analyze_cascade_vectorization for #{name}"
+              puts "  Expression: #{expr.inspect}"
+              puts "  Cases: #{expr.cases.length}"
+            end
 
             expr.cases.each do |case_expr|
-              # Check if result is vectorized
-              result_info = analyze_value_vectorization(nil, case_expr.result, array_fields, vectorized_values, errors)
-              vectorized_results << (result_info[:type] == :vectorized)
+              # Analyze result expression
+              result_info = analyze_value_vectorization(nil, case_expr.result, array_fields, nested_paths, vectorized_values, errors,
+                                                        definitions)
+              if result_info[:type] == :vectorized
+                is_vectorized = true
+                source, dimension = trace_dimensional_source(case_expr.result, result_info, vectorized_values, array_fields, definitions)
+                result_sources << source
+                result_dimensions << dimension
+              end
+
+              # Analyze condition expression
+              condition_info = analyze_value_vectorization(nil, case_expr.condition, array_fields, nested_paths, vectorized_values, errors,
+                                                           definitions)
+              next unless condition_info[:type] == :vectorized
+
+              is_vectorized = true
+
+              # Special handling for cascade_and to check all arguments for dimensional conflicts
+              if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                puts "  Checking condition type: #{case_expr.condition.class}"
+                puts "  Condition fn_name: #{case_expr.condition.fn_name}" if case_expr.condition.is_a?(Kumi::Syntax::CallExpression)
+              end
+
+              if case_expr.condition.is_a?(Kumi::Syntax::CallExpression) && case_expr.condition.fn_name == :cascade_and
+                puts "  -> ENTERING CASCADE_AND SPECIAL HANDLING" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                # For cascade_and, check all individual trait references for dimensional conflicts
+                cascade_sources = []
+                cascade_dimensions = []
+
+                puts "  cascade_and args: #{case_expr.condition.args.map(&:class)}" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+
+                case_expr.condition.args.each do |arg|
+                  puts "  Processing arg: #{arg.inspect}" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                  next unless arg.is_a?(Kumi::Syntax::DeclarationReference)
+
+                  puts "  Looking up declaration: #{arg.name}" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                  decl = definitions[arg.name] if definitions
+                  if decl
+                    puts "  Found declaration, tracing source..." if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                    arg_source, arg_dimension = trace_dimensional_source(decl.expression, condition_info, vectorized_values,
+                                                                         array_fields, definitions)
+                    puts "  Traced source: #{arg_source}, dimension: #{arg_dimension}" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                    cascade_sources << arg_source
+                    cascade_dimensions << arg_dimension
+                  elsif ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                    puts "  Declaration not found: #{arg.name}"
+                  end
+                end
+
+                # Check for conflicts between cascade_and arguments
+                unique_sources = cascade_sources.uniq
+                unique_dimensions = cascade_dimensions.uniq
+
+                if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                  puts "  cascade_sources: #{cascade_sources.inspect}"
+                  puts "  cascade_dimensions: #{cascade_dimensions.inspect}"
+                  puts "  unique_sources: #{unique_sources.inspect}"
+                  puts "  unique_dimensions: #{unique_dimensions.inspect}"
+                end
+
+                # Check for dimensional conflicts - either different sources OR incompatible dimensions
+                has_source_conflict = unique_sources.length > 1 && unique_sources.none? { |s| s.to_s.include?("unknown") }
+                has_dimension_conflict = unique_dimensions.length > 1 && !valid_hierarchical_broadcasting?(unique_dimensions)
+
+                if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                  puts "  has_source_conflict: #{has_source_conflict}"
+                  puts "  has_dimension_conflict: #{has_dimension_conflict}"
+                  if unique_dimensions.length > 1
+                    puts "  valid_hierarchical_broadcasting?: #{valid_hierarchical_broadcasting?(unique_dimensions)}"
+                  end
+                end
+
+                if has_source_conflict || has_dimension_conflict
+                  # Multiple different sources or incompatible dimensions in same cascade_and - this is invalid
+                  if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                    puts "  -> FOUND CASCADE_AND DIMENSIONAL CONFLICT:"
+                    puts "    Sources: #{unique_sources.inspect}"
+                    puts "    Dimensions: #{unique_dimensions.inspect}"
+                    puts "    Source conflict: #{has_source_conflict}"
+                    puts "    Dimension conflict: #{has_dimension_conflict}"
+                  end
+                  report_cascade_dimension_mismatch(errors, expr, unique_sources, unique_dimensions)
+                  return { type: :scalar }
+                end
 
-              # Check if condition is vectorized
-              condition_info = analyze_value_vectorization(nil, case_expr.condition, array_fields, vectorized_values, errors)
-              vectorized_conditions << (condition_info[:type] == :vectorized)
+                # Use the first valid source as the overall condition source
+                condition_sources.concat(cascade_sources)
+                condition_dimensions.concat(cascade_dimensions)
+              else
+                source, dimension = trace_dimensional_source(case_expr.condition, condition_info, vectorized_values, array_fields,
+                                                             definitions)
+                condition_sources << source
+                condition_dimensions << dimension
+              end
             end
 
-            if vectorized_results.any? || vectorized_conditions.any?
-              { type: :vectorized, info: { source: :cascade_with_vectorized_conditions_or_results } }
+            if is_vectorized
+              # Validate dimensional compatibility
+              all_sources = (condition_sources + result_sources).compact.uniq
+              all_dimensions = (condition_dimensions + result_dimensions).compact.uniq
+
+              if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                puts "  is_vectorized: true"
+                puts "  condition_sources: #{condition_sources.inspect}"
+                puts "  result_sources: #{result_sources.inspect}"
+                puts "  condition_dimensions: #{condition_dimensions.inspect}"
+                puts "  result_dimensions: #{result_dimensions.inspect}"
+                puts "  all_sources: #{all_sources.inspect}"
+                puts "  all_dimensions: #{all_dimensions.inspect}"
+              end
+
+              # For now, be less strict about dimensional validation
+              # Only report mismatches for clearly incompatible sources
+              definite_sources = all_sources.reject { |s| s.to_s.include?("unknown") || s.to_s.include?("operation") }
+
+              if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                puts "  definite_sources: #{definite_sources.inspect}"
+                puts "  definite_sources.length: #{definite_sources.length}"
+              end
+
+              if definite_sources.length > 1
+                # Check if sources are in valid hierarchical relationship (parent-child broadcasting)
+                is_valid_hierarchical = valid_hierarchical_broadcasting?(all_dimensions)
+                puts "  valid_hierarchical_broadcasting?: #{is_valid_hierarchical}" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                unless is_valid_hierarchical
+                  # Multiple definite dimensional sources - this is a real mismatch
+                  puts "  -> REPORTING DIMENSIONAL MISMATCH" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                  report_cascade_dimension_mismatch(errors, expr, definite_sources, all_dimensions)
+                  return { type: :scalar } # Treat as scalar to prevent further errors
+                end
+              end
+
+              # Compute cascade processing strategy based on dimensional analysis
+              processing_strategy = compute_cascade_processing_strategy(all_dimensions.first, nested_paths)
+
+              { type: :vectorized, info: {
+                source: :cascade_with_vectorized_conditions_or_results,
+                dimensional_requirements: {
+                  conditions: { sources: condition_sources.uniq, dimensions: condition_dimensions.uniq },
+                  results: { sources: result_sources.uniq, dimensions: result_dimensions.uniq }
+                },
+                primary_dimension: all_dimensions.first,
+                nested_paths: extract_nested_paths_from_dimensions(all_dimensions.first, nested_paths),
+                processing_strategy: processing_strategy
+              } }
             else
               { type: :scalar }
             end
           end
 
+          def trace_dimensional_source(expr, info, vectorized_values, array_fields, definitions = nil)
+            # Trace dimensional source by examining the AST node directly
+            case expr
+            when Kumi::Syntax::InputElementReference
+              # Direct array field access
+              source = expr.path.first
+              dimension = expr.path
+              [source, dimension]
+            when Kumi::Syntax::DeclarationReference
+              # Reference to another declaration - look up its dimensional info
+              if vectorized_values[expr.name]
+                vectorized_info = vectorized_values[expr.name]
+                if vectorized_info[:array_source]
+                  [vectorized_info[:array_source], [vectorized_info[:array_source]]]
+                else
+                  # Need to trace through the declaration's expression to find the real source
+                  decl = definitions[expr.name] if definitions
+                  if decl
+                    # Recursively trace the declaration's expression
+                    trace_dimensional_source(decl.expression, info, vectorized_values, array_fields, definitions)
+                  else
+                    [:unknown_vectorized_operation, [:unknown_vectorized_operation]]
+                  end
+                end
+              else
+                [:unknown_declaration, [:unknown_declaration]]
+              end
+            when Kumi::Syntax::CallExpression
+              # For call expressions, trace through the arguments to find dimensional source
+              first_vectorized_arg = expr.args.find do |arg|
+                arg_info = analyze_argument_vectorization(arg, array_fields, {}, vectorized_values, definitions)
+                arg_info[:vectorized]
+              end
+
+              if first_vectorized_arg
+                trace_dimensional_source(first_vectorized_arg, info, vectorized_values, array_fields, definitions)
+              else
+                [:operation_unknown, [:operation_unknown]]
+              end
+            else
+              [:unknown_expr, [:unknown_expr]]
+            end
+          end
+
+          def extract_dimensional_info_with_context(info, _array_fields, _nested_paths, vectorized_values)
+            case info[:source]
+            when :array_field_access, :nested_array_access
+              # Direct array field access - use the path
+              source = info[:path]&.first
+              dimension = info[:path]
+              [source, dimension]
+            when :vectorized_declaration
+              # Reference to another vectorized declaration - look it up
+              if info[:name] && vectorized_values[info[:name]]
+                vectorized_info = vectorized_values[info[:name]]
+                if vectorized_info[:array_source]
+                  # This declaration references an array field, use that source
+                  [vectorized_info[:array_source], [vectorized_info[:array_source]]]
+                else
+                  # This is a derived vectorized value, try to trace its source
+                  [:vectorized_reference, [:vectorized_reference]]
+                end
+              else
+                [:unknown_declaration, [:unknown_declaration]]
+              end
+            else
+              # Operations and other cases - try to extract from operation args
+              if info[:operation] && info[:vectorized_args]
+                # This is an operation result - trace the vectorized arguments
+                # For now, assume operations inherit the dimension of their first vectorized arg
+                [:operation_result, [:operation_result]]
+              else
+                [:unknown, [:unknown]]
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          def extract_dimensional_source(info, _array_fields)
+            case info[:source]
+            when :array_field_access
+              info[:path]&.first
+            when :nested_array_access
+              info[:path]&.first
+            when :vectorized_declaration, :vectorized_value
+              # Try to extract from the vectorized value info if available
+              if info[:name] && info.dig(:info, :path)
+                info[:info][:path].first
+              else
+                :vectorized_reference
+              end
+            else
+              # For operations and other cases, try to infer from vectorized args
+              if info[:vectorized_args]
+                # This is likely an operation - we should look at its arguments
+                :operation_result
+              else
+                :unknown
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          def extract_dimensions(info, _array_fields, _nested_paths)
+            case info[:source]
+            when :array_field_access
+              info[:path]
+            when :nested_array_access
+              info[:path]
+            when :vectorized_declaration, :vectorized_value
+              # Try to extract from the vectorized value info if available
+              if info[:name] && info.dig(:info, :path)
+                info[:info][:path]
+              else
+                [:vectorized_reference]
+              end
+            else
+              # For operations, try to infer from the operation context
+              if info[:vectorized_args]
+                # This is likely an operation - we should trace its arguments
+                [:operation_result]
+              else
+                [:unknown]
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          def extract_nested_paths_from_dimensions(dimension, nested_paths)
+            return nil unless dimension.is_a?(Array)
+
+            nested_paths[dimension]
+          end
+
+          # Check if dimensions represent valid hierarchical broadcasting (parent-to-child)
+          # Example: [:regions, :offices, :teams] can broadcast to [:regions, :offices, :teams, :employees]
+          def valid_hierarchical_broadcasting?(dimensions)
+            puts "    DEBUG valid_hierarchical_broadcasting?: dimensions=#{dimensions.inspect}" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+
+            return true if dimensions.length <= 1
+
+            # Extract structural paths by removing the final field name from each dimension
+            # This allows us to identify that [:regions, :offices, :teams, :performance_score]
+            # and [:regions, :offices, :teams, :employees, :rating] both have the structural
+            # path [:regions, :offices, :teams] and [:regions, :offices, :teams, :employees] respectively
+            structural_paths = dimensions.map do |dim|
+              if dim.length > 1
+                dim[0..-2] # Remove the final field name
+              else
+                dim
+              end
+            end.uniq
+
+            puts "    structural_paths: #{structural_paths.inspect}" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+
+            # Group dimensions by their root (first element)
+            root_groups = structural_paths.group_by(&:first)
+
+            puts "    root_groups: #{root_groups.keys.inspect}" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+
+            # All dimensions must come from the same root
+            if root_groups.length > 1
+              puts "    -> REJECT: Multiple roots" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+              return false
+            end
+
+            # If all structural paths are the same, this is valid (same level)
+            if structural_paths.length == 1
+              puts "    -> ACCEPT: All dimensions at same structural level" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+              return true
+            end
+
+            # Within the same root, check if we have valid parent-child relationships
+            sorted_paths = structural_paths.sort_by(&:length)
+
+            puts "    sorted structural paths: #{sorted_paths.inspect}" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+
+            # Check if all structural paths form a valid hierarchical structure
+            # For valid hierarchical broadcasting, structural paths should be related by parent-child relationships
+
+            # Check if there are any actual parent-child relationships
+            has_real_hierarchy = false
+
+            (0...sorted_paths.length).each do |i|
+              ((i + 1)...sorted_paths.length).each do |j|
+                path1 = sorted_paths[i]
+                path2 = sorted_paths[j]
+                shorter, longer = [path1, path2].sort_by(&:length)
+
+                next unless longer[0, shorter.length] == shorter
+
+                puts "    Found parent-child relationship: #{shorter.inspect} → #{longer.inspect}" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+                has_real_hierarchy = true
+              end
+            end
+
+            puts "    has_real_hierarchy: #{has_real_hierarchy}" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+
+            # Allow same-level dimensions or hierarchical relationships
+            if !has_real_hierarchy && sorted_paths.length > 1
+              puts "    -> REJECT: No parent-child relationships found - these are sibling branches" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+              return false
+            end
+
+            puts "    -> ACCEPT: All dimensions compatible" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+            true
+          end
+
+          def compute_cascade_processing_strategy(primary_dimension, nested_paths)
+            return { mode: :scalar } unless primary_dimension
+
+            # Determine structure depth from the dimension path
+            structure_depth = primary_dimension.length
+
+            # Determine processing mode based on structure complexity
+            processing_mode = case structure_depth
+                              when 0, 1
+                                :simple_array     # Single-level array processing
+                              when 2, 3, 4
+                                :nested_array     # Multi-level nested array processing
+                              else
+                                :deep_nested_array # Very deep nesting (5+ levels)
+                              end
+
+            # Get nested path information for this dimension
+            nested_path_info = nested_paths[primary_dimension]
+
+            {
+              mode: processing_mode,
+              structure_depth: structure_depth,
+              dimension_path: primary_dimension,
+              element_processing: :cascade_conditional_logic,
+              nested_path_info: nested_path_info
+            }
+          end
+
+          def report_cascade_dimension_mismatch(errors, expr, sources, dimensions)
+            puts "DEBUG: Dimensional analysis details:" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+            puts "  Sources: #{sources.inspect}" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+            puts "  Dimensions: #{dimensions.inspect}" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+            puts "  Valid hierarchical? #{valid_hierarchical_broadcasting?(dimensions)}" if ENV["DEBUG_CASCADE"]
+
+            message = "Cascade dimensional mismatch: Cannot mix arrays from different sources (#{sources.join(', ')}) " \
+                      "with dimensions (#{dimensions.map(&:inspect).join(', ')}) in cascade conditions and results."
+            report_error(errors, message, location: expr.loc, type: :semantic)
+          end
+
           def build_dimension_mismatch_error(_expr, arg_infos, array_fields, vectorized_sources)
             # Build detailed error message with type information
             summary = "Cannot broadcast operation across arrays from different sources: #{vectorized_sources.join(', ')}. "