kube_schema 1.11.0 → 2.0.0

data/lib/kube/errors.rb

@@ -3,734 +3,749 @@
 require "yaml"
 
 module Kube
-  # Base error for all Kube gems. Catch this to handle any Kube error.
-  class Error < StandardError; end
-
-  # Raised when a schema version is unknown.
-  class UnknownVersionError < Error; end
-
-  # Raised when a version string is formatted incorrectly (e.g. "v1.33.6").
-  class IncorrectVersionFormat < Error; end
-
-  # Raised by Resource#valid! when data fails schema validation.
-  #
-  # Produces detailed, human-readable error messages that identify the exact
-  # key path and offending value, followed by the resource YAML with error
-  # lines highlighted in red and missing keys injected inline.
-  #
-  #   Schema validation failed for Deployment "web":
-  #     - spec.selector is required but missing
-  #     - spec.replicas = "not_a_number" — expected integer, got String
-  #
-  #   ---
-  #   apiVersion: apps/v1
-  #   kind: Deployment
-  #   spec:
-  #     selector:        # MISSING — required
-  #     replicas: "nah"  # expected integer, got String
-  #
-  class ValidationError < Error
-    attr_reader :errors
-
-    RED    = "\033[31m"
-    YELLOW = "\033[33m"
-    RESET  = "\033[0m"
-
-    BOLD      = "\033[1m"
-    UNDERLINE = "\033[4m"
-
-    # @param errors   [Array<Hash>] raw JSONSchemer error hashes
-    # @param kind     [String, nil] Kubernetes resource kind (e.g. "Deployment")
-    # @param name     [String, nil] resource metadata.name (e.g. "web")
-    # @param manifest [Hash, nil]   the full resource data that failed validation
-    def initialize(errors, kind: nil, name: nil, manifest: nil)
-      @errors   = errors
-      @kind     = kind
-      @name     = name
-      @manifest = manifest
-      super(build_message)
-    end
-
-    # Ruby 3.2+ calls detailed_message for uncaught exceptions.
-    # We override it so the message ends at column 0, preventing
-    # Ruby from indenting the backtrace to match YAML indentation.
-    def detailed_message(highlight: false, **)
-      out = "\n#{BOLD}#{UNDERLINE}#{RED}#{header_line}#{RESET}\n\n"
-      out += error_lines.join("\n")
-      if @manifest
-        out += "\n\n#{annotate_manifest(@manifest, @errors)}"
-      end
-      out += "\n\n"
-      out
-    end
-
-    private
-
-      def header_line
-        header = "Schema validation failed"
-        header += " for #{@kind}" if @kind
-        header += " #{@name.inspect}" if @name
-        header
-      end
-
-      def error_lines
-        @errors.flat_map { |e| format_error(e) }
+  module Errors
+    # Base error for all Kube gems.
+    class Error < StandardError; end
+
+    # Raised when a schema version is unknown.
+    class UnknownVersionError < Error; end
+
+    # Raised when a version string is formatted incorrectly (e.g. "v1.33.6").
+    class IncorrectVersionFormat < Error; end
+
+    class MissingSchemaError < Error; end
+
+    # Raised by Resource#valid! when schema validation fails.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   Schema validation failed for Deployment "web":
+    #     - spec.selector is required but missing
+    #     - spec.replicas = "not_a_number" — expected integer, got String
+    #   ---
+    #   apiVersion: apps/v1
+    #   kind: Deployment
+    #   spec:
+    #     selector:        # MISSING — required
+    #     replicas: "nah"  # expected integer, got String
+    class ValidationError < Error
+      attr_reader :errors
+
+      RED    = "\033[31m"
+      YELLOW = "\033[33m"
+      RESET  = "\033[0m"
+
+      BOLD      = "\033[1m"
+      UNDERLINE = "\033[4m"
+
+      # @param errors   [Array<Hash>] raw JSONSchemer error hashes
+      # @param kind     [String, nil] Kubernetes resource kind (e.g. "Deployment")
+      # @param name     [String, nil] resource metadata.name (e.g. "web")
+      # @param manifest [Hash, nil]   the full resource data that failed validation
+      def initialize(errors, kind: nil, name: nil, manifest: nil)
+        @errors   = errors
+        @kind     = kind
+        @name     = name
+        @manifest = manifest
+        super(build_message)
       end
 
-      # Plain-text message for programmatic access (e.g. rescue => e; e.message)
-      def build_message
-        msg = "#{header_line}\n#{error_lines.join("\n")}"
+      # Keeps the backtrace from indenting past column 0.
+      # @returns [String] the message, unwrapped for the backtrace.
+      def detailed_message(highlight: false, **)
+        out = "\n#{BOLD}#{UNDERLINE}#{RED}#{header_line}#{RESET}\n\n"
+        out += error_lines.join("\n")
         if @manifest
-          msg += "\n\n#{annotate_manifest(@manifest, @errors)}"
+          out += "\n\n#{annotate_manifest(@manifest, @errors)}"
         end
-        msg
+        out += "\n\n"
+        out
       end
 
-      # ── Error line formatting ────────────────────────────────────────
-
-      # Format a single JSONSchemer error hash into one or more human-readable lines.
-      def format_error(error)
-        path = pointer_to_dot(error["data_pointer"])
-        type = error["type"]
-        data = error["data"]
-
-        case type
-        when "required"
-          format_required(error, path)
-        when "string", "integer", "number", "boolean", "array", "object", "null"
-          "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — expected #{type}, got #{data.class}"
-        when "minimum"
-          limit = error.dig("schema", "minimum")
-          "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — must be >= #{limit}"
-        when "maximum"
-          limit = error.dig("schema", "maximum")
-          "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — must be <= #{limit}"
-        when "exclusiveMinimum"
-          limit = error.dig("schema", "exclusiveMinimum")
-          "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — must be > #{limit}"
-        when "exclusiveMaximum"
-          limit = error.dig("schema", "exclusiveMaximum")
-          "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — must be < #{limit}"
-        when "minLength"
-          limit = error.dig("schema", "minLength")
-          "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — length must be >= #{limit}"
-        when "maxLength"
-          limit = error.dig("schema", "maxLength")
-          "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — length must be <= #{limit}"
-        when "minItems"
-          limit = error.dig("schema", "minItems")
-          "❌ #{path} — array must have >= #{limit} items, got #{data.is_a?(Array) ? data.length : data.inspect}"
-        when "maxItems"
-          limit = error.dig("schema", "maxItems")
-          "❌ #{path} — array must have <= #{limit} items, got #{data.is_a?(Array) ? data.length : data.inspect}"
-        when "enum"
-          allowed = error.dig("schema", "enum")
-          "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — must be one of: #{truncate(allowed.inspect)}"
-        when "const"
-          expected = error.dig("schema", "const")
-          "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — must be #{truncate(expected.inspect)}"
-        when "pattern"
-          pattern = error.dig("schema", "pattern")
-          "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — does not match pattern: #{pattern}"
-        when "format"
-          fmt = error.dig("schema", "format")
-          "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — invalid #{fmt} format"
-        when "multipleOf"
-          factor = error.dig("schema", "multipleOf")
-          "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — must be a multiple of #{factor}"
-        when "uniqueItems"
-          "❌ #{path} — array items must be unique"
-        when "additionalProperties"
-          "❌ #{path}: #{error["error"] || "has additional properties that are not allowed"}"
-        else
-          msg = error["error"] || type
-          "❌ #{path}: #{msg}"
-        end
-      end
+      private
 
-      # Format a `required` error, expanding each missing key onto its own line.
-      def format_required(error, path)
-        missing = error.dig("details", "missing_keys") || []
-        if missing.empty?
-          return "❌ #{path}: #{error["error"] || "required"}"
+        def header_line
+          header = "Schema validation failed"
+          if @kind
+            header += " for #{@kind}"
+          end
+          if @name
+            header += " #{@name.inspect}"
+          end
+          header
         end
 
-        missing.map do |key|
-          "❌ #{join_path(path, key)} is required but missing"
+        def error_lines
+          @errors.flat_map { |e| format_error(e) }
         end
-      end
 
-      # Short inline description for annotating YAML lines.
-      def format_error_short(error)
-        type = error["type"]
-        data = error["data"]
-
-        case type
-        when "string", "integer", "number", "boolean", "array", "object", "null"
-          "expected #{type}, got #{data.class}"
-        when "minimum"
-          "must be >= #{error.dig("schema", "minimum")}"
-        when "maximum"
-          "must be <= #{error.dig("schema", "maximum")}"
-        when "exclusiveMinimum"
-          "must be > #{error.dig("schema", "exclusiveMinimum")}"
-        when "exclusiveMaximum"
-          "must be < #{error.dig("schema", "exclusiveMaximum")}"
-        when "minLength"
-          "length must be >= #{error.dig("schema", "minLength")}"
-        when "maxLength"
-          "length must be <= #{error.dig("schema", "maxLength")}"
-        when "minItems"
-          "array must have >= #{error.dig("schema", "minItems")} items"
-        when "maxItems"
-          "array must have <= #{error.dig("schema", "maxItems")} items"
-        when "enum"
-          "must be one of: #{truncate(error.dig("schema", "enum").inspect, max: 40)}"
-        when "pattern"
-          "does not match pattern: #{error.dig("schema", "pattern")}"
-        when "format"
-          "invalid #{error.dig("schema", "format")} format"
-        when "multipleOf"
-          "must be a multiple of #{error.dig("schema", "multipleOf")}"
-        when "uniqueItems"
-          "array items must be unique"
-        else
-          error["error"] || type
+        # Plain-text message for rescue => e; e.message.
+        # @returns [String] the header and formatted error lines.
+        def build_message
+          msg = "#{header_line}\n#{error_lines.join("\n")}"
+          if @manifest
+            msg += "\n\n#{annotate_manifest(@manifest, @errors)}"
+          end
+          msg
+        end
+
+        # ── Error line formatting ────────────────────────────────────────
+
+        # Format one JSONSchemer error into readable lines.
+        # @parameter error [Hash] a raw JSONSchemer error hash.
+        # @returns [String, Array(String)] one or more readable lines.
+        def format_error(error)
+          path = pointer_to_dot(error["data_pointer"])
+          type = error["type"]
+          data = error["data"]
+
+          case type
+          when "required"
+            format_required(error, path)
+          when "string", "integer", "number", "boolean", "array", "object", "null"
+            "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — expected #{type}, got #{data.class}"
+          when "minimum"
+            limit = error.dig("schema", "minimum")
+            "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — must be >= #{limit}"
+          when "maximum"
+            limit = error.dig("schema", "maximum")
+            "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — must be <= #{limit}"
+          when "exclusiveMinimum"
+            limit = error.dig("schema", "exclusiveMinimum")
+            "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — must be > #{limit}"
+          when "exclusiveMaximum"
+            limit = error.dig("schema", "exclusiveMaximum")
+            "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — must be < #{limit}"
+          when "minLength"
+            limit = error.dig("schema", "minLength")
+            "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — length must be >= #{limit}"
+          when "maxLength"
+            limit = error.dig("schema", "maxLength")
+            "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — length must be <= #{limit}"
+          when "minItems"
+            limit = error.dig("schema", "minItems")
+            "❌ #{path} — array must have >= #{limit} items, got #{data.is_a?(Array) ? data.length : data.inspect}"
+          when "maxItems"
+            limit = error.dig("schema", "maxItems")
+            "❌ #{path} — array must have <= #{limit} items, got #{data.is_a?(Array) ? data.length : data.inspect}"
+          when "enum"
+            allowed = error.dig("schema", "enum")
+            "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — must be one of: #{truncate(allowed.inspect)}"
+          when "const"
+            expected = error.dig("schema", "const")
+            "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — must be #{truncate(expected.inspect)}"
+          when "pattern"
+            pattern = error.dig("schema", "pattern")
+            "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — does not match pattern: #{pattern}"
+          when "format"
+            fmt = error.dig("schema", "format")
+            "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — invalid #{fmt} format"
+          when "multipleOf"
+            factor = error.dig("schema", "multipleOf")
+            "❌ #{path} = #{truncate(data.inspect)} — must be a multiple of #{factor}"
+          when "uniqueItems"
+            "❌ #{path} — array items must be unique"
+          when "additionalProperties"
+            "❌ #{path}: #{error["error"] || "has additional properties that are not allowed"}"
+          else
+            msg = error["error"] || type
+            "❌ #{path}: #{msg}"
+          end
         end
-      end
 
-      # ── Annotated YAML rendering ────────────────────────────────────
-
-      # Render the manifest as YAML with error lines in red and
-      # missing required keys injected as red comment lines.
-      def annotate_manifest(manifest, errors)
-        # Build two maps from the error list:
-        #   error_at["/spec/replicas"]  => "expected integer, got String"
-        #   missing_at["/spec"]         => ["selector", "template"]
-        error_at   = {}
-        missing_at = {}
-
-        errors.each do |e|
-          ptr = e["data_pointer"]
-          if e["type"] == "required"
-            keys = e.dig("details", "missing_keys") || []
-            (missing_at[ptr] ||= []).concat(keys)
+        # Format a required error, one line per missing key.
+        # @parameter error [Hash] the required-type JSONSchemer error.
+        # @parameter path [String] the dot-notation path to the error.
+        # @returns [String, Array(String)] one line per missing key.
+        def format_required(error, path)
+          missing = error.dig("details", "missing_keys") || []
+          if missing.empty?
+            "❌ #{path}: #{error["error"] || "required"}"
           else
-            error_at[ptr] = format_error_short(e)
+            missing.map do |key|
+              "❌ #{join_path(path, key)} is required but missing"
+            end
           end
         end
 
-        yaml_lines = manifest.to_yaml.lines
-        path_stack    = []  # [[segment, indent_level], ...]
-        array_indices = {}  # indent_level -> current 0-based index
-        result        = []
-
-        yaml_lines.each do |line|
-          raw = line.chomp
+        # Short inline description for annotating YAML lines.
+        # @parameter error [Hash] a raw JSONSchemer error hash.
+        # @returns [String] a short description of the violation.
+        def format_error_short(error)
+          type = error["type"]
+          data = error["data"]
+
+          case type
+          when "string", "integer", "number", "boolean", "array", "object", "null"
+            "expected #{type}, got #{data.class}"
+          when "minimum"
+            "must be >= #{error.dig("schema", "minimum")}"
+          when "maximum"
+            "must be <= #{error.dig("schema", "maximum")}"
+          when "exclusiveMinimum"
+            "must be > #{error.dig("schema", "exclusiveMinimum")}"
+          when "exclusiveMaximum"
+            "must be < #{error.dig("schema", "exclusiveMaximum")}"
+          when "minLength"
+            "length must be >= #{error.dig("schema", "minLength")}"
+          when "maxLength"
+            "length must be <= #{error.dig("schema", "maxLength")}"
+          when "minItems"
+            "array must have >= #{error.dig("schema", "minItems")} items"
+          when "maxItems"
+            "array must have <= #{error.dig("schema", "maxItems")} items"
+          when "enum"
+            "must be one of: #{truncate(error.dig("schema", "enum").inspect, max: 40)}"
+          when "pattern"
+            "does not match pattern: #{error.dig("schema", "pattern")}"
+          when "format"
+            "invalid #{error.dig("schema", "format")} format"
+          when "multipleOf"
+            "must be a multiple of #{error.dig("schema", "multipleOf")}"
+          when "uniqueItems"
+            "array items must be unique"
+          else
+            error["error"] || type
+          end
+        end
 
-          if raw.match?(/\A---\s*$/)
-            result << raw
-            next
+        # ── Annotated YAML rendering ────────────────────────────────────
+
+        # Render the manifest as annotated, colorized YAML.
+        # @parameter manifest [Hash] the resource data that failed validation.
+        # @parameter errors [Array(Hash)] the raw JSONSchemer error hashes.
+        # @returns [String] the YAML with errors highlighted inline.
+        def annotate_manifest(manifest, errors)
+          # Maps each error to its formatted message.
+          # @example
+          #   error_at["/spec/replicas"] => "expected integer, got String"
+          #   missing_at["/spec"] => ["selector", "template"]
+          error_at   = {}
+          missing_at = {}
+
+          errors.each do |e|
+            ptr = e["data_pointer"]
+            if e["type"] == "required"
+              keys = e.dig("details", "missing_keys") || []
+              (missing_at[ptr] ||= []).concat(keys)
+            else
+              error_at[ptr] = format_error_short(e)
+            end
           end
 
-          indent        = line[/\A\s*/].length
-          is_array_item = raw.match?(/\A\s*-\s/)
+          yaml_lines = manifest.to_yaml.lines
+          path_stack    = []  # Each entry is [segment, indent_level].
+          array_indices = {}  # Current 0-based index per indent level.
+          result        = []
 
-          if is_array_item
-            # Array items sit at the same indent as their parent key.
-            # Pop anything strictly deeper, but keep the parent.
-            path_stack.pop while path_stack.any? && path_stack.last[1] > indent
-            array_indices.delete_if { |level, _| level > indent }
+          yaml_lines.each do |line|
+            raw = line.chomp
 
-            idx = array_indices[indent] || 0
-            array_indices[indent] = idx + 1
+            if raw.match?(/\A---\s*$/)
+              result << raw
+              next
+            end
+
+            indent        = line[/\A\s*/].length
+            is_array_item = raw.match?(/\A\s*-\s/)
+
+            if is_array_item
+              # Array items sit at the same indent as their parent key.
+              # Pop anything strictly deeper, but keep the parent.
+              path_stack.pop while path_stack.any? && path_stack.last[1] > indent
+              array_indices.delete_if { |level, _| level > indent }
+
+              idx = array_indices[indent] || 0
+              array_indices[indent] = idx + 1
+
+              # Push the index one level deeper than the "- " prefix
+              path_stack.push([idx.to_s, indent + 1])
+
+              # Inline key on the array item: "- name: app"
+              if (m = raw.match(/\A\s*-\s+(\w[\w.-]*):/))
+                path_stack.push([m[1], indent + 2])
+              end
+            else
+              # Regular key — pop entries at >= this indent
+              path_stack.pop while path_stack.any? && path_stack.last[1] >= indent
+              array_indices.delete_if { |level, _| level >= indent }
+
+              if (m = raw.match(/\A\s*(\w[\w.-]*):/))
+                path_stack.push([m[1], indent])
+              end
+            end
 
-            # Push the index one level deeper than the "- " prefix
-            path_stack.push([idx.to_s, indent + 1])
+            pointer = "/" + path_stack.map(&:first).join("/")
 
-            # Inline key on the array item: "- name: app"
-            if (m = raw.match(/\A\s*-\s+(\w[\w.-]*):/))
-              path_stack.push([m[1], indent + 2])
+            if error_at.key?(pointer)
+              result << "#{RED}#{raw}#{RESET}  #{YELLOW}# #{error_at[pointer]}#{RESET}"
+            else
+              result << raw
             end
-          else
-            # Regular key — pop entries at >= this indent
-            path_stack.pop while path_stack.any? && path_stack.last[1] >= indent
-            array_indices.delete_if { |level, _| level >= indent }
 
-            if (m = raw.match(/\A\s*(\w[\w.-]*):/))
-              path_stack.push([m[1], indent])
+            # Inject missing required keys as red lines right after their parent
+            if missing_at.key?(pointer)
+              child_indent = indent + 2
+              missing_at[pointer].each do |mk|
+                result << "#{RED}#{" " * child_indent}#{mk}:#{RESET} #{YELLOW}# MISSING — required#{RESET}"
+              end
             end
           end
 
-          pointer = "/" + path_stack.map(&:first).join("/")
+          result.join("\n")
+        end
+
+        # ── Helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-          if error_at.key?(pointer)
-            result << "#{RED}#{raw}#{RESET}  #{YELLOW}# #{error_at[pointer]}#{RESET}"
+        def pointer_to_dot(pointer)
+          if pointer.nil? || pointer.empty?
+            "root"
           else
-            result << raw
+            pointer.delete_prefix("/").gsub("/", ".")
           end
+        end
 
-          # Inject missing required keys as red lines right after their parent
-          if missing_at.key?(pointer)
-            child_indent = indent + 2
-            missing_at[pointer].each do |mk|
-              result << "#{RED}#{" " * child_indent}#{mk}:#{RESET} #{YELLOW}# MISSING — required#{RESET}"
-            end
-          end
+        def join_path(base, key)
+          base == "root" ? key.to_s : "#{base}.#{key}"
         end
 
-        result.join("\n")
-      end
+        def truncate(str, max: 60)
+          str.length > max ? "#{str[0...max]}..." : str
+        end
+    end
 
-      # ── Helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # Raised when a schema download fails.
+    class DownloadError < Error
+      attr_reader :url, :status_code
 
-      def pointer_to_dot(pointer)
-        return "root" if pointer.nil? || pointer.empty?
-        pointer.delete_prefix("/").gsub("/", ".")
+      def initialize(message = nil, url: nil, status_code: nil)
+        @url         = url
+        @status_code = status_code
+        super(message || "Failed to download schema: #{@url} (HTTP #{@status_code})")
       end
+    end
+  end
 
-      def join_path(base, key)
-        base == "root" ? key.to_s : "#{base}.#{key}"
-      end
+  # Flat aliases for backward compatibility with pre-nesting code.
+  # Local/ConstantMatchesPath requires nesting under Kube::Errors now.
+  Error                   = Errors::Error
+  UnknownVersionError     = Errors::UnknownVersionError
+  IncorrectVersionFormat  = Errors::IncorrectVersionFormat
+  MissingSchemaError      = Errors::MissingSchemaError
+  ValidationError         = Errors::ValidationError
+  DownloadError           = Errors::DownloadError
+end
 
-      def truncate(str, max: 60)
-        str.length > max ? "#{str[0...max]}..." : str
-      end
-  end
 
-  # Raised when a schema download fails.
-  class DownloadError < Error
-    attr_reader :url, :status_code
+__END__
 
-    def initialize(message = nil, url: nil, status_code: nil)
-      @url         = url
-      @status_code = status_code
-      super(message || "Failed to download schema: #{@url} (HTTP #{@status_code})")
-    end
-  end
-end
+require "kube/schema"
 
-if __FILE__ == $0
-  require "bundler/setup"
-  require "rspec/autorun"
-  require "kube/schema"
-
-  RSpec.describe Kube::ValidationError do
-    # Helper to build a minimal JSONSchemer-style error hash.
-    def error_hash(overrides = {})
-      {
-        "data" => nil,
-        "data_pointer" => "",
-        "schema" => {},
-        "schema_pointer" => "",
-        "root_schema" => {},
-        "type" => "unknown",
-        "error" => "something went wrong"
-      }.merge(overrides)
-    end
-
-    describe "#message" do
-      context "header" do
-        it "includes kind and name when both are provided" do
-          err = described_class.new(
-            [error_hash],
-            kind: "Deployment",
-            name: "web"
-          )
-          expect(err.message).to include('Schema validation failed for Deployment "web"')
-        end
+validation_error = Kube::ValidationError
 
-        it "includes kind without name" do
-          err = described_class.new(
-            [error_hash],
-            kind: "Service"
-          )
-          expect(err.message).to include("Schema validation failed for Service")
-        end
+# Helper to build a minimal JSONSchemer-style error hash.
+error_hash = lambda { |overrides = {}|
+  {
+    "data" => nil,
+    "data_pointer" => "",
+    "schema" => {},
+    "schema_pointer" => "",
+    "root_schema" => {},
+    "type" => "unknown",
+    "error" => "something went wrong"
+  }.merge(overrides)
+}
 
-        it "shows a generic header when no kind or name" do
-          err = described_class.new([error_hash])
-          expect(err.message).to include("Schema validation failed")
-        end
-      end
+describe "Kube::ValidationError" do
+  describe "#message header" do
+    it "includes kind and name when both are provided" do
+      err = validation_error.new([error_hash.()], kind: "Deployment", name: "web")
+      err.message.should.include 'Schema validation failed for Deployment "web"'
+    end
 
-      context "type errors" do
-        %w[string integer number boolean array object null].each do |type|
-          it "formats #{type} type mismatch with the actual value" do
-            err = described_class.new([
-              error_hash(
-                "data_pointer" => "/spec/replicas",
-                "type" => type,
-                "data" => "bad_value"
-              )
-            ])
-            expect(err.message).to include("spec.replicas = \"bad_value\" — expected #{type}, got String")
-          end
-        end
+    it "includes kind without name" do
+      err = validation_error.new([error_hash.()], kind: "Service")
+      err.message.should.include "Schema validation failed for Service"
+    end
 
-        it "shows integer value for string type error" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec/template/image",
-              "type" => "string",
-              "data" => 2343
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec.template.image = 2343 — expected string, got Integer")
-        end
+    it "shows a generic header when no kind or name" do
+      validation_error.new([error_hash.()]).message.should.include "Schema validation failed"
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#message type errors" do
+    %w[string integer number boolean array object null].each do |type|
+      it "formats #{type} type mismatch with the actual value" do
+        err = validation_error.new([
+          error_hash.(
+            "data_pointer" => "/spec/replicas",
+            "type" => type,
+            "data" => "bad_value"
+          )
+        ])
+        err.message.should.include "spec.replicas = \"bad_value\" — expected #{type}, got String"
       end
+    end
 
-      context "required errors" do
-        it "expands each missing key onto its own line" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec",
-              "type" => "required",
-              "details" => { "missing_keys" => %w[selector template] }
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec.selector is required but missing")
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec.template is required but missing")
-        end
+    it "shows integer value for string type error" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/template/image",
+          "type" => "string",
+          "data" => 2343
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "spec.template.image = 2343 — expected string, got Integer"
+    end
+  end
 
-        it "handles required at root level" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "",
-              "type" => "required",
-              "details" => { "missing_keys" => ["spec"] }
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec is required but missing")
-        end
+  describe "#message required errors" do
+    it "expands each missing key onto its own line" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec",
+          "type" => "required",
+          "details" => { "missing_keys" => %w[selector template] }
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "spec.selector is required but missing"
+      err.message.should.include "spec.template is required but missing"
+    end
 
-        it "falls back gracefully if missing_keys is absent" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec",
-              "type" => "required",
-              "details" => {}
-            )
-          ])
-          # Should not raise, should produce some message
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec")
-        end
-      end
+    it "handles required at root level" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "",
+          "type" => "required",
+          "details" => { "missing_keys" => ["spec"] }
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "spec is required but missing"
+    end
 
-      context "numeric constraint errors" do
-        it "formats minimum violations" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec/replicas",
-              "type" => "minimum",
-              "data" => -1,
-              "schema" => { "minimum" => 0 }
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec.replicas = -1 — must be >= 0")
-        end
+    it "falls back gracefully if missing_keys is absent" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec",
+          "type" => "required",
+          "details" => {}
+        )
+      ])
+      # Should not raise, should produce some message
+      err.message.should.include "spec"
+    end
+  end
 
-        it "formats maximum violations" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec/replicas",
-              "type" => "maximum",
-              "data" => 999,
-              "schema" => { "maximum" => 100 }
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec.replicas = 999 — must be <= 100")
-        end
+  describe "#message numeric constraint errors" do
+    it "formats minimum violations" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/replicas",
+          "type" => "minimum",
+          "data" => -1,
+          "schema" => { "minimum" => 0 }
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "spec.replicas = -1 — must be >= 0"
+    end
 
-        it "formats exclusiveMinimum violations" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec/value",
-              "type" => "exclusiveMinimum",
-              "data" => 0,
-              "schema" => { "exclusiveMinimum" => 0 }
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec.value = 0 — must be > 0")
-        end
+    it "formats maximum violations" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/replicas",
+          "type" => "maximum",
+          "data" => 999,
+          "schema" => { "maximum" => 100 }
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "spec.replicas = 999 — must be <= 100"
+    end
 
-        it "formats exclusiveMaximum violations" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec/value",
-              "type" => "exclusiveMaximum",
-              "data" => 100,
-              "schema" => { "exclusiveMaximum" => 100 }
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec.value = 100 — must be < 100")
-        end
+    it "formats exclusiveMinimum violations" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/value",
+          "type" => "exclusiveMinimum",
+          "data" => 0,
+          "schema" => { "exclusiveMinimum" => 0 }
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "spec.value = 0 — must be > 0"
+    end
 
-        it "formats multipleOf violations" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec/count",
-              "type" => "multipleOf",
-              "data" => 7,
-              "schema" => { "multipleOf" => 3 }
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec.count = 7 — must be a multiple of 3")
-        end
-      end
+    it "formats exclusiveMaximum violations" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/value",
+          "type" => "exclusiveMaximum",
+          "data" => 100,
+          "schema" => { "exclusiveMaximum" => 100 }
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "spec.value = 100 — must be < 100"
+    end
 
-      context "string constraint errors" do
-        it "formats pattern violations" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/metadata/name",
-              "type" => "pattern",
-              "data" => "INVALID",
-              "schema" => { "pattern" => "^[a-z0-9-]+$" }
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include('metadata.name = "INVALID" — does not match pattern: ^[a-z0-9-]+$')
-        end
+    it "formats multipleOf violations" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/count",
+          "type" => "multipleOf",
+          "data" => 7,
+          "schema" => { "multipleOf" => 3 }
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "spec.count = 7 — must be a multiple of 3"
+    end
+  end
 
-        it "formats minLength violations" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/metadata/name",
-              "type" => "minLength",
-              "data" => "",
-              "schema" => { "minLength" => 1 }
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include('metadata.name = "" — length must be >= 1')
-        end
+  describe "#message string constraint errors" do
+    it "formats pattern violations" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/metadata/name",
+          "type" => "pattern",
+          "data" => "INVALID",
+          "schema" => { "pattern" => "^[a-z0-9-]+$" }
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include 'metadata.name = "INVALID" — does not match pattern: ^[a-z0-9-]+$'
+    end
 
-        it "formats maxLength violations" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/metadata/name",
-              "type" => "maxLength",
-              "data" => "a" * 300,
-              "schema" => { "maxLength" => 253 }
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("metadata.name =")
-          expect(err.message).to include("— length must be <= 253")
-        end
-      end
+    it "formats minLength violations" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/metadata/name",
+          "type" => "minLength",
+          "data" => "",
+          "schema" => { "minLength" => 1 }
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include 'metadata.name = "" — length must be >= 1'
+    end
 
-      context "enum errors" do
-        it "shows allowed values" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec/type",
-              "type" => "enum",
-              "data" => "InvalidType",
-              "schema" => { "enum" => %w[ClusterIP NodePort LoadBalancer] }
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include('"InvalidType" — must be one of:')
-          expect(err.message).to include("ClusterIP")
-        end
-      end
+    it "formats maxLength violations" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/metadata/name",
+          "type" => "maxLength",
+          "data" => "a" * 300,
+          "schema" => { "maxLength" => 253 }
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "metadata.name ="
+      err.message.should.include "— length must be <= 253"
+    end
+  end
 
-      context "format errors" do
-        it "shows the expected format" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec/startTime",
-              "type" => "format",
-              "data" => "not-a-date",
-              "schema" => { "format" => "date-time" }
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include('spec.startTime = "not-a-date" — invalid date-time format')
-        end
-      end
+  describe "#message enum errors" do
+    it "shows allowed values" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/type",
+          "type" => "enum",
+          "data" => "InvalidType",
+          "schema" => { "enum" => %w[ClusterIP NodePort LoadBalancer] }
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include '"InvalidType" — must be one of:'
+      err.message.should.include "ClusterIP"
+    end
+  end
 
-      context "array constraint errors" do
-        it "formats minItems violations" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec/containers",
-              "type" => "minItems",
-              "data" => [],
-              "schema" => { "minItems" => 1 }
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec.containers — array must have >= 1 items, got 0")
-        end
+  describe "#message format errors" do
+    it "shows the expected format" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/startTime",
+          "type" => "format",
+          "data" => "not-a-date",
+          "schema" => { "format" => "date-time" }
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include 'spec.startTime = "not-a-date" — invalid date-time format'
+    end
+  end
 
-        it "formats uniqueItems violations" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec/ports",
-              "type" => "uniqueItems",
-              "data" => [80, 80]
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec.ports — array items must be unique")
-        end
-      end
+  describe "#message array constraint errors" do
+    it "formats minItems violations" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/containers",
+          "type" => "minItems",
+          "data" => [],
+          "schema" => { "minItems" => 1 }
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "spec.containers — array must have >= 1 items, got 0"
+    end
 
-      context "unknown error types" do
-        it "falls back to JSONSchemer's error message" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec/something",
-              "type" => "oneOf",
-              "error" => "value at `/spec/something` does not match exactly one schema"
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec.something: value at `/spec/something` does not match exactly one schema")
-        end
+    it "formats uniqueItems violations" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/ports",
+          "type" => "uniqueItems",
+          "data" => [80, 80]
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "spec.ports — array items must be unique"
+    end
+  end
 
-        it "falls back to the type name when no error message exists" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec/x",
-              "type" => "customKeyword",
-              "error" => nil
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec.x: customKeyword")
-        end
-      end
+  describe "#message unknown error types" do
+    it "falls back to JSONSchemer's error message" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/something",
+          "type" => "oneOf",
+          "error" => "value at `/spec/something` does not match exactly one schema"
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "spec.something: value at `/spec/something` does not match exactly one schema"
+    end
 
-      context "value truncation" do
-        it "truncates long values" do
-          long_value = "a" * 200
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec/data",
-              "type" => "integer",
-              "data" => long_value
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("...")
-          expect(err.message.length).to be < 500
-        end
-      end
+    it "falls back to the type name when no error message exists" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/x",
+          "type" => "customKeyword",
+          "error" => nil
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "spec.x: customKeyword"
+    end
+  end
 
-      context "dot-notation path conversion" do
-        it "converts JSON pointers to dot notation" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/image",
-              "type" => "string",
-              "data" => 123
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("spec.template.spec.containers.0.image = 123")
-        end
+  describe "#message value truncation" do
+    it "truncates long values" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/data",
+          "type" => "integer",
+          "data" => "a" * 200
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "..."
+      err.message.length.should.be < 500
+    end
+  end
 
-        it "uses 'root' for empty pointer" do
-          err = described_class.new([
-            error_hash(
-              "data_pointer" => "",
-              "type" => "object",
-              "data" => "not_an_object"
-            )
-          ])
-          expect(err.message).to include("root = ")
-        end
-      end
+  describe "#message dot-notation path conversion" do
+    it "converts JSON pointers to dot notation" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/image",
+          "type" => "string",
+          "data" => 123
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "spec.template.spec.containers.0.image = 123"
     end
 
-    describe "#errors" do
-      it "exposes the raw JSONSchemer error hashes" do
-        raw = [error_hash("type" => "string")]
-        err = described_class.new(raw)
-        expect(err.errors).to equal(raw)
-      end
+    it "uses 'root' for empty pointer" do
+      err = validation_error.new([
+        error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "",
+          "type" => "object",
+          "data" => "not_an_object"
+        )
+      ])
+      err.message.should.include "root = "
     end
+  end
 
-    describe "annotated manifest output" do
-      it "includes the resource YAML when manifest is provided" do
-        manifest = {
+  describe "#errors" do
+    it "exposes the raw JSONSchemer error hashes" do
+      raw = [error_hash.("type" => "string")]
+      validation_error.new(raw).errors.should.be.identical_to raw
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "annotated manifest output" do
+    it "includes the resource YAML when manifest is provided" do
+      err = validation_error.new(
+        [error_hash.("data_pointer" => "/spec/replicas", "type" => "integer", "data" => "bad")],
+        kind: "Deployment",
+        name: "web",
+        manifest: {
           "apiVersion" => "apps/v1",
           "kind" => "Deployment",
           "metadata" => { "name" => "web", "namespace" => "prod" },
           "spec" => { "replicas" => "bad" }
         }
-        err = described_class.new(
-          [error_hash("data_pointer" => "/spec/replicas", "type" => "integer", "data" => "bad")],
-          kind: "Deployment",
-          name: "web",
-          manifest: manifest
-        )
-        expect(err.message).to include("apiVersion: apps/v1")
-        expect(err.message).to include("kind: Deployment")
-        expect(err.message).to include("name: web")
-        expect(err.message).to include("namespace: prod")
-        expect(err.message).to include("replicas: bad")
-      end
+      )
+      err.message.should.include "apiVersion: apps/v1"
+      err.message.should.include "kind: Deployment"
+      err.message.should.include "name: web"
+      err.message.should.include "namespace: prod"
+      err.message.should.include "replicas: bad"
+    end
 
-      it "highlights error lines in red (ANSI)" do
-        manifest = {
+    it "highlights error lines in red (ANSI)" do
+      err = validation_error.new(
+        [error_hash.("data_pointer" => "/spec/replicas", "type" => "integer", "data" => "bad")],
+        manifest: {
           "apiVersion" => "apps/v1",
           "kind" => "Deployment",
           "spec" => { "replicas" => "bad" }
         }
-        err = described_class.new(
-          [error_hash("data_pointer" => "/spec/replicas", "type" => "integer", "data" => "bad")],
-          manifest: manifest
-        )
-        # The replicas line should be wrapped in red ANSI
-        expect(err.message).to include("\033[31m")
-        expect(err.message).to match(/\033\[31m\s*replicas: bad\033\[0m/)
-      end
+      )
+      # The replicas line should be wrapped in red ANSI
+      err.message.should.include "\033[31m"
+      err.message.should.match(/\033\[31m\s*replicas: bad\033\[0m/)
+    end
 
-      it "appends a yellow inline comment on error lines" do
-        manifest = {
+    it "appends a yellow inline comment on error lines" do
+      err = validation_error.new(
+        [error_hash.("data_pointer" => "/spec/replicas", "type" => "integer", "data" => "bad")],
+        manifest: {
           "apiVersion" => "v1",
           "kind" => "Pod",
           "spec" => { "replicas" => "bad" }
         }
-        err = described_class.new(
-          [error_hash("data_pointer" => "/spec/replicas", "type" => "integer", "data" => "bad")],
-          manifest: manifest
-        )
-        expect(err.message).to match(/\033\[33m# expected integer, got String\033\[0m/)
-      end
+      )
+      err.message.should.match(/\033\[33m# expected integer, got String\033\[0m/)
+    end
 
-      it "injects missing required keys as red lines" do
-        manifest = {
+    it "injects missing required keys as red lines" do
+      err = validation_error.new(
+        [error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec",
+          "type" => "required",
+          "details" => { "missing_keys" => ["selector"] }
+        )],
+        manifest: {
           "apiVersion" => "apps/v1",
           "kind" => "Deployment",
           "spec" => { "replicas" => 3 }
         }
-        err = described_class.new(
-          [error_hash(
-            "data_pointer" => "/spec",
-            "type" => "required",
-            "details" => { "missing_keys" => ["selector"] }
-          )],
-          manifest: manifest
-        )
-        expect(err.message).to match(/\033\[31m\s*selector:\033\[0m/)
-        expect(err.message).to include("MISSING")
-      end
+      )
+      err.message.should.match(/\033\[31m\s*selector:\033\[0m/)
+      err.message.should.include "MISSING"
+    end
 
-      it "does not color lines that have no errors" do
-        manifest = {
+    it "does not color lines that have no errors" do
+      err = validation_error.new(
+        [error_hash.("data_pointer" => "/spec/replicas", "type" => "integer", "data" => "bad")],
+        manifest: {
           "apiVersion" => "apps/v1",
           "kind" => "Deployment",
           "metadata" => { "name" => "web" },
           "spec" => { "replicas" => "bad" }
         }
-        err = described_class.new(
-          [error_hash("data_pointer" => "/spec/replicas", "type" => "integer", "data" => "bad")],
-          manifest: manifest
-        )
-        # The "name: web" line should NOT have red ANSI
-        err.message.each_line do |line|
-          next unless line.include?("name: web")
-          expect(line).not_to include("\033[31m")
-        end
-      end
+      )
+      # The "name: web" line should NOT have red ANSI
+      lines = err.message.each_line.select { |line| line.include?("name: web") }
+      lines.should.not.be.empty
+      lines.each { |line| line.should.not.include "\033[31m" }
+    end
 
-      it "handles array items with correct pointer mapping" do
-        manifest = {
+    it "handles array items with correct pointer mapping" do
+      err = validation_error.new(
+        [error_hash.(
+          "data_pointer" => "/spec/containers/0/image",
+          "type" => "string",
+          "data" => 2343
+        )],
+        manifest: {
           "apiVersion" => "v1",
           "kind" => "Pod",
           "spec" => {
@@ -739,23 +754,15 @@ if __FILE__ == $0
             ]
           }
         }
-        err = described_class.new(
-          [error_hash(
-            "data_pointer" => "/spec/containers/0/image",
-            "type" => "string",
-            "data" => 2343
-          )],
-          manifest: manifest
-        )
-        expect(err.message).to match(/\033\[31m\s*image: 2343\033\[0m/)
-      end
+      )
+      err.message.should.match(/\033\[31m\s*image: 2343\033\[0m/)
+    end
 
-      it "omits the manifest section when manifest is nil" do
-        err = described_class.new(
-          [error_hash("data_pointer" => "/spec/x", "type" => "string", "data" => 1)]
-        )
-        expect(err.message).not_to include("---")
-      end
+    it "omits the manifest section when manifest is nil" do
+      err = validation_error.new(
+        [error_hash.("data_pointer" => "/spec/x", "type" => "string", "data" => 1)]
+      )
+      err.message.should.not.include "---"
     end
   end
 end