kmadej_fast_excel_fork 0.2.2

data/libxlsxwriter/src/workbook.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1930 @@
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * workbook - A library for creating Excel XLSX workbook files.
+ *
+ * Used in conjunction with the libxlsxwriter library.
+ *
+ * Copyright 2014-2017, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org. See LICENSE.txt.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "xlsxwriter/xmlwriter.h"
+#include "xlsxwriter/workbook.h"
+#include "xlsxwriter/utility.h"
+#include "xlsxwriter/packager.h"
+#include "xlsxwriter/hash_table.h"
+
+STATIC int _name_cmp(lxw_worksheet_name *name1, lxw_worksheet_name *name2);
+#ifndef __clang_analyzer__
+LXW_RB_GENERATE_NAMES(lxw_worksheet_names, lxw_worksheet_name, tree_pointers,
+                      _name_cmp);
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Forward declarations.
+ */
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Private functions.
+ *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * Comparator for the worksheet names structure red/black tree.
+ */
+STATIC int
+_name_cmp(lxw_worksheet_name *name1, lxw_worksheet_name *name2)
+{
+    return strcmp(name1->name, name2->name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free workbook properties.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_free_doc_properties(lxw_doc_properties *properties)
+{
+    if (properties) {
+        free(properties->title);
+        free(properties->subject);
+        free(properties->author);
+        free(properties->manager);
+        free(properties->company);
+        free(properties->category);
+        free(properties->keywords);
+        free(properties->comments);
+        free(properties->status);
+        free(properties->hyperlink_base);
+    }
+
+    free(properties);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free workbook custom property.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_free_custom_doc_property(lxw_custom_property *custom_property)
+{
+    if (custom_property) {
+        free(custom_property->name);
+        if (custom_property->type == LXW_CUSTOM_STRING)
+            free(custom_property->u.string);
+    }
+
+    free(custom_property);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free a workbook object.
+ */
+void
+lxw_workbook_free(lxw_workbook *workbook)
+{
+    lxw_worksheet *worksheet;
+    struct lxw_worksheet_name *worksheet_name;
+    struct lxw_worksheet_name *next_name;
+    lxw_chart *chart;
+    lxw_format *format;
+    lxw_defined_name *defined_name;
+    lxw_defined_name *defined_name_tmp;
+    lxw_custom_property *custom_property;
+
+    if (!workbook)
+        return;
+
+    _free_doc_properties(workbook->properties);
+
+    free(workbook->filename);
+
+    /* Free the worksheets in the workbook. */
+    if (workbook->worksheets) {
+        while (!STAILQ_EMPTY(workbook->worksheets)) {
+            worksheet = STAILQ_FIRST(workbook->worksheets);
+            STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(workbook->worksheets, list_pointers);
+            lxw_worksheet_free(worksheet);
+        }
+        free(workbook->worksheets);
+
+    }
+
+    /* Free the charts in the workbook. */
+    if (workbook->charts) {
+        while (!STAILQ_EMPTY(workbook->charts)) {
+            chart = STAILQ_FIRST(workbook->charts);
+            STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(workbook->charts, list_pointers);
+            lxw_chart_free(chart);
+        }
+        free(workbook->charts);
+    }
+
+    /* Free the formats in the workbook. */
+    if (workbook->formats) {
+        while (!STAILQ_EMPTY(workbook->formats)) {
+            format = STAILQ_FIRST(workbook->formats);
+            STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(workbook->formats, list_pointers);
+            lxw_format_free(format);
+        }
+        free(workbook->formats);
+    }
+
+    /* Free the defined_names in the workbook. */
+    if (workbook->defined_names) {
+        defined_name = TAILQ_FIRST(workbook->defined_names);
+        while (defined_name) {
+
+            defined_name_tmp = TAILQ_NEXT(defined_name, list_pointers);
+            free(defined_name);
+            defined_name = defined_name_tmp;
+        }
+        free(workbook->defined_names);
+    }
+
+    /* Free the custom_properties in the workbook. */
+    if (workbook->custom_properties) {
+        while (!STAILQ_EMPTY(workbook->custom_properties)) {
+            custom_property = STAILQ_FIRST(workbook->custom_properties);
+            STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(workbook->custom_properties, list_pointers);
+            _free_custom_doc_property(custom_property);
+        }
+        free(workbook->custom_properties);
+    }
+
+    if (workbook->worksheet_names) {
+        for (worksheet_name =
+             RB_MIN(lxw_worksheet_names, workbook->worksheet_names);
+             worksheet_name; worksheet_name = next_name) {
+
+            next_name = RB_NEXT(lxw_worksheet_names,
+                                workbook->worksheet_name, worksheet_name);
+            RB_REMOVE(lxw_worksheet_names,
+                      workbook->worksheet_names, worksheet_name);
+            free(worksheet_name);
+        }
+
+        free(workbook->worksheet_names);
+    }
+
+    lxw_hash_free(workbook->used_xf_formats);
+    lxw_sst_free(workbook->sst);
+    free(workbook->options.tmpdir);
+    free(workbook->ordered_charts);
+    free(workbook);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set the default index for each format. This is only used for testing.
+ */
+void
+lxw_workbook_set_default_xf_indices(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    lxw_format *format;
+
+    STAILQ_FOREACH(format, self->formats, list_pointers) {
+        lxw_format_get_xf_index(format);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Iterate through the XF Format objects and give them an index to non-default
+ * font elements.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_prepare_fonts(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+
+    lxw_hash_table *fonts = lxw_hash_new(128, 1, 1);
+    lxw_hash_element *hash_element;
+    lxw_hash_element *used_format_element;
+    uint16_t index = 0;
+
+    LXW_FOREACH_ORDERED(used_format_element, self->used_xf_formats) {
+        lxw_format *format = (lxw_format *) used_format_element->value;
+        lxw_font *key = lxw_format_get_font_key(format);
+
+        if (key) {
+            /* Look up the format in the hash table. */
+            hash_element = lxw_hash_key_exists(fonts, key, sizeof(lxw_font));
+
+            if (hash_element) {
+                /* Font has already been used. */
+                format->font_index = *(uint16_t *) hash_element->value;
+                format->has_font = LXW_FALSE;
+                free(key);
+            }
+            else {
+                /* This is a new font. */
+                uint16_t *font_index = calloc(1, sizeof(uint16_t));
+                *font_index = index;
+                format->font_index = index;
+                format->has_font = 1;
+                lxw_insert_hash_element(fonts, key, font_index,
+                                        sizeof(lxw_font));
+                index++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    lxw_hash_free(fonts);
+
+    self->font_count = index;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Iterate through the XF Format objects and give them an index to non-default
+ * border elements.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_prepare_borders(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+
+    lxw_hash_table *borders = lxw_hash_new(128, 1, 1);
+    lxw_hash_element *hash_element;
+    lxw_hash_element *used_format_element;
+    uint16_t index = 0;
+
+    LXW_FOREACH_ORDERED(used_format_element, self->used_xf_formats) {
+        lxw_format *format = (lxw_format *) used_format_element->value;
+        lxw_border *key = lxw_format_get_border_key(format);
+
+        if (key) {
+            /* Look up the format in the hash table. */
+            hash_element =
+                lxw_hash_key_exists(borders, key, sizeof(lxw_border));
+
+            if (hash_element) {
+                /* Border has already been used. */
+                format->border_index = *(uint16_t *) hash_element->value;
+                format->has_border = LXW_FALSE;
+                free(key);
+            }
+            else {
+                /* This is a new border. */
+                uint16_t *border_index = calloc(1, sizeof(uint16_t));
+                *border_index = index;
+                format->border_index = index;
+                format->has_border = 1;
+                lxw_insert_hash_element(borders, key, border_index,
+                                        sizeof(lxw_border));
+                index++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    lxw_hash_free(borders);
+
+    self->border_count = index;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Iterate through the XF Format objects and give them an index to non-default
+ * fill elements.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_prepare_fills(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+
+    lxw_hash_table *fills = lxw_hash_new(128, 1, 1);
+    lxw_hash_element *hash_element;
+    lxw_hash_element *used_format_element;
+    uint16_t index = 2;
+    lxw_fill *default_fill_1 = NULL;
+    lxw_fill *default_fill_2 = NULL;
+    uint16_t *fill_index1 = NULL;
+    uint16_t *fill_index2 = NULL;
+
+    default_fill_1 = calloc(1, sizeof(lxw_fill));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(default_fill_1, mem_error);
+
+    default_fill_2 = calloc(1, sizeof(lxw_fill));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(default_fill_2, mem_error);
+
+    fill_index1 = calloc(1, sizeof(uint16_t));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(fill_index1, mem_error);
+
+    fill_index2 = calloc(1, sizeof(uint16_t));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(fill_index2, mem_error);
+
+    /* Add the default fills. */
+    default_fill_1->pattern = LXW_PATTERN_NONE;
+    default_fill_1->fg_color = LXW_COLOR_UNSET;
+    default_fill_1->bg_color = LXW_COLOR_UNSET;
+    *fill_index1 = 0;
+    lxw_insert_hash_element(fills, default_fill_1, fill_index1,
+                            sizeof(lxw_fill));
+
+    default_fill_2->pattern = LXW_PATTERN_GRAY_125;
+    default_fill_2->fg_color = LXW_COLOR_UNSET;
+    default_fill_2->bg_color = LXW_COLOR_UNSET;
+    *fill_index2 = 1;
+    lxw_insert_hash_element(fills, default_fill_2, fill_index2,
+                            sizeof(lxw_fill));
+
+    LXW_FOREACH_ORDERED(used_format_element, self->used_xf_formats) {
+        lxw_format *format = (lxw_format *) used_format_element->value;
+        lxw_fill *key = lxw_format_get_fill_key(format);
+
+        /* The following logical statements jointly take care of special */
+        /* cases in relation to cell colors and patterns:                */
+        /* 1. For a solid fill (pattern == 1) Excel reverses the role of */
+        /*    foreground and background colors, and                      */
+        /* 2. If the user specifies a foreground or background color     */
+        /*    without a pattern they probably wanted a solid fill, so    */
+        /*    we fill in the defaults.                                   */
+        if (format->pattern == LXW_PATTERN_SOLID
+            && format->bg_color != LXW_COLOR_UNSET
+            && format->fg_color != LXW_COLOR_UNSET) {
+            lxw_color_t tmp = format->fg_color;
+            format->fg_color = format->bg_color;
+            format->bg_color = tmp;
+        }
+
+        if (format->pattern <= LXW_PATTERN_SOLID
+            && format->bg_color != LXW_COLOR_UNSET
+            && format->fg_color == LXW_COLOR_UNSET) {
+            format->fg_color = format->bg_color;
+            format->bg_color = LXW_COLOR_UNSET;
+            format->pattern = LXW_PATTERN_SOLID;
+        }
+
+        if (format->pattern <= LXW_PATTERN_SOLID
+            && format->bg_color == LXW_COLOR_UNSET
+            && format->fg_color != LXW_COLOR_UNSET) {
+            format->bg_color = LXW_COLOR_UNSET;
+            format->pattern = LXW_PATTERN_SOLID;
+        }
+
+        if (key) {
+            /* Look up the format in the hash table. */
+            hash_element = lxw_hash_key_exists(fills, key, sizeof(lxw_fill));
+
+            if (hash_element) {
+                /* Fill has already been used. */
+                format->fill_index = *(uint16_t *) hash_element->value;
+                format->has_fill = LXW_FALSE;
+                free(key);
+            }
+            else {
+                /* This is a new fill. */
+                uint16_t *fill_index = calloc(1, sizeof(uint16_t));
+                *fill_index = index;
+                format->fill_index = index;
+                format->has_fill = 1;
+                lxw_insert_hash_element(fills, key, fill_index,
+                                        sizeof(lxw_fill));
+                index++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    lxw_hash_free(fills);
+
+    self->fill_count = index;
+
+    return;
+
+mem_error:
+    free(fill_index2);
+    free(fill_index1);
+    free(default_fill_2);
+    free(default_fill_1);
+    lxw_hash_free(fills);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Iterate through the XF Format objects and give them an index to non-default
+ * number format elements. Note, user defined records start from index 0xA4.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_prepare_num_formats(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+
+    lxw_hash_table *num_formats = lxw_hash_new(128, 0, 1);
+    lxw_hash_element *hash_element;
+    lxw_hash_element *used_format_element;
+    uint16_t index = 0xA4;
+    uint16_t num_format_count = 0;
+    char *num_format;
+    uint16_t *num_format_index;
+
+    LXW_FOREACH_ORDERED(used_format_element, self->used_xf_formats) {
+        lxw_format *format = (lxw_format *) used_format_element->value;
+
+        /* Format already has a number format index. */
+        if (format->num_format_index)
+            continue;
+
+        /* Check if there is a user defined number format string. */
+        num_format = format->num_format;
+
+        if (*num_format) {
+            /* Look up the num_format in the hash table. */
+            hash_element = lxw_hash_key_exists(num_formats, num_format,
+                                               strlen(num_format));
+
+            if (hash_element) {
+                /* Num_Format has already been used. */
+                format->num_format_index = *(uint16_t *) hash_element->value;
+            }
+            else {
+                /* This is a new num_format. */
+                num_format_index = calloc(1, sizeof(uint16_t));
+                *num_format_index = index;
+                format->num_format_index = index;
+                lxw_insert_hash_element(num_formats, num_format,
+                                        num_format_index, strlen(num_format));
+                index++;
+                num_format_count++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    lxw_hash_free(num_formats);
+
+    self->num_format_count = num_format_count;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepare workbook and sub-objects for writing.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_prepare_workbook(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    /* Set the font index for the format objects. */
+    _prepare_fonts(self);
+
+    /* Set the number format index for the format objects. */
+    _prepare_num_formats(self);
+
+    /* Set the border index for the format objects. */
+    _prepare_borders(self);
+
+    /* Set the fill index for the format objects. */
+    _prepare_fills(self);
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare two defined_name structures.
+ */
+static int
+_compare_defined_names(lxw_defined_name *a, lxw_defined_name *b)
+{
+    int res = strcmp(a->normalised_name, b->normalised_name);
+
+    /* Primary comparison based on defined name. */
+    if (res)
+        return res;
+
+    /* Secondary comparison based on worksheet name. */
+    res = strcmp(a->normalised_sheetname, b->normalised_sheetname);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Process and store the defined names. The defined names are stored with
+ * the Workbook.xml but also with the App.xml if they refer to a sheet
+ * range like "Sheet1!:A1". The defined names are store in sorted
+ * order for consistency with Excel. The names need to be normalized before
+ * sorting.
+ */
+STATIC lxw_error
+_store_defined_name(lxw_workbook *self, const char *name,
+                    const char *app_name, const char *formula, int16_t index,
+                    uint8_t hidden)
+{
+    lxw_worksheet *worksheet;
+    lxw_defined_name *defined_name;
+    lxw_defined_name *list_defined_name;
+    char name_copy[LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH];
+    char *tmp_str;
+    char *worksheet_name;
+
+    /* Do some checks on the input data */
+    if (!name || !formula)
+        return LXW_ERROR_NULL_PARAMETER_IGNORED;
+
+    if (lxw_utf8_strlen(name) > LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH ||
+        lxw_utf8_strlen(formula) > LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH) {
+        return LXW_ERROR_128_STRING_LENGTH_EXCEEDED;
+    }
+
+    /* Allocate a new defined_name to be added to the linked list of names. */
+    defined_name = calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_defined_name));
+    RETURN_ON_MEM_ERROR(defined_name, LXW_ERROR_MEMORY_MALLOC_FAILED);
+
+    /* Copy the user input string. */
+    lxw_strcpy(name_copy, name);
+
+    /* Set the worksheet index or -1 for a global defined name. */
+    defined_name->index = index;
+    defined_name->hidden = hidden;
+
+    /* Check for local defined names like like "Sheet1!name". */
+    tmp_str = strchr(name_copy, '!');
+
+    if (tmp_str == NULL) {
+        /* The name is global. We just store the defined name string. */
+        lxw_strcpy(defined_name->name, name_copy);
+    }
+    else {
+        /* The name is worksheet local. We need to extract the sheet name
+         * and map it to a sheet index. */
+
+        /* Split the into the worksheet name and defined name. */
+        *tmp_str = '\0';
+        tmp_str++;
+        worksheet_name = name_copy;
+
+        /* Remove any worksheet quoting. */
+        if (worksheet_name[0] == '\'')
+            worksheet_name++;
+        if (worksheet_name[strlen(worksheet_name) - 1] == '\'')
+            worksheet_name[strlen(worksheet_name) - 1] = '\0';
+
+        /* Search for worksheet name to get the equivalent worksheet index. */
+        STAILQ_FOREACH(worksheet, self->worksheets, list_pointers) {
+            if (strcmp(worksheet_name, worksheet->name) == 0) {
+                defined_name->index = worksheet->index;
+                lxw_strcpy(defined_name->normalised_sheetname,
+                           worksheet_name);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* If we didn't find the worksheet name we exit. */
+        if (defined_name->index == -1)
+            goto mem_error;
+
+        lxw_strcpy(defined_name->name, tmp_str);
+    }
+
+    /* Print titles and repeat title pass in the name used for App.xml. */
+    if (app_name) {
+        lxw_strcpy(defined_name->app_name, app_name);
+        lxw_strcpy(defined_name->normalised_sheetname, app_name);
+    }
+    else {
+        lxw_strcpy(defined_name->app_name, name);
+    }
+
+    /* We need to normalize the defined names for sorting. This involves
+     * removing any _xlnm namespace  and converting it to lowercase. */
+    tmp_str = strstr(name_copy, "_xlnm.");
+
+    if (tmp_str)
+        lxw_strcpy(defined_name->normalised_name, defined_name->name + 6);
+    else
+        lxw_strcpy(defined_name->normalised_name, defined_name->name);
+
+    lxw_str_tolower(defined_name->normalised_name);
+    lxw_str_tolower(defined_name->normalised_sheetname);
+
+    /* Strip leading "=" from the formula. */
+    if (formula[0] == '=')
+        lxw_strcpy(defined_name->formula, formula + 1);
+    else
+        lxw_strcpy(defined_name->formula, formula);
+
+    /* We add the defined name to the list in sorted order. */
+    list_defined_name = TAILQ_FIRST(self->defined_names);
+
+    if (list_defined_name == NULL ||
+        _compare_defined_names(defined_name, list_defined_name) < 1) {
+        /* List is empty or defined name goes to the head. */
+        TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(self->defined_names, defined_name, list_pointers);
+        return LXW_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    TAILQ_FOREACH(list_defined_name, self->defined_names, list_pointers) {
+        int res = _compare_defined_names(defined_name, list_defined_name);
+
+        /* The entry already exists. We exit and don't overwrite. */
+        if (res == 0)
+            goto mem_error;
+
+        /* New defined name is inserted in sorted order before other entries. */
+        if (res < 0) {
+            TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(list_defined_name, defined_name,
+                                list_pointers);
+            return LXW_NO_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* If the entry wasn't less than any of the entries in the list we add it
+     * to the end. */
+    TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(self->defined_names, defined_name, list_pointers);
+    return LXW_NO_ERROR;
+
+mem_error:
+    free(defined_name);
+    return LXW_ERROR_MEMORY_MALLOC_FAILED;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Populate the data cache of a chart data series by reading the data from the
+ * relevant worksheet and adding it to the cached in the range object as a
+ * list of points.
+ *
+ * Note, the data cache isn't strictly required by Excel but it helps if the
+ * chart is embedded in another application such as PowerPoint and it also
+ * helps with comparison testing.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_populate_range_data_cache(lxw_workbook *self, lxw_series_range *range)
+{
+    lxw_worksheet *worksheet;
+    lxw_row_t row_num;
+    lxw_col_t col_num;
+    lxw_row *row_obj;
+    lxw_cell *cell_obj;
+    struct lxw_series_data_point *data_point;
+    uint16_t num_data_points = 0;
+
+    /* If ignore_cache is set then don't try to populate the cache. This flag
+     * may be set manually, for testing, or due to a case where the cache
+     * can't be calculated.
+     */
+    if (range->ignore_cache)
+        return;
+
+    /* Currently we only handle 2D ranges so ensure either the rows or cols
+     * are the same.
+     */
+    if (range->first_row != range->last_row
+        && range->first_col != range->last_col) {
+        range->ignore_cache = LXW_TRUE;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Check that the sheetname exists. */
+    worksheet = workbook_get_worksheet_by_name(self, range->sheetname);
+    if (!worksheet) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT2("workbook_add_chart(): worksheet name '%s' "
+                         "in chart formula '%s' doesn't exist.",
+                         range->sheetname, range->formula);
+        range->ignore_cache = LXW_TRUE;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* We can't read the data when worksheet optimization is on. */
+    if (worksheet->optimize) {
+        range->ignore_cache = LXW_TRUE;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Iterate through the worksheet data and populate the range cache. */
+    for (row_num = range->first_row; row_num <= range->last_row; row_num++) {
+        row_obj = lxw_worksheet_find_row(worksheet, row_num);
+
+        for (col_num = range->first_col; col_num <= range->last_col;
+             col_num++) {
+
+            data_point = calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_series_data_point));
+            if (!data_point) {
+                range->ignore_cache = LXW_TRUE;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            cell_obj = lxw_worksheet_find_cell(row_obj, col_num);
+
+            if (cell_obj) {
+                if (cell_obj->type == NUMBER_CELL) {
+                    data_point->number = cell_obj->u.number;
+                }
+
+                if (cell_obj->type == STRING_CELL) {
+                    data_point->string = lxw_strdup(cell_obj->sst_string);
+                    data_point->is_string = LXW_TRUE;
+                    range->has_string_cache = LXW_TRUE;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                data_point->no_data = LXW_TRUE;
+            }
+
+            STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(range->data_cache, data_point, list_pointers);
+            num_data_points++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    range->num_data_points = num_data_points;
+
+}
+
+/* Convert a chart range such as Sheet1!$A$1:$A$5 to a sheet name and row-col
+ * dimensions, or vice-versa. This gives us the dimensions to read data back
+ * from the worksheet.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_populate_range_dimensions(lxw_workbook *self, lxw_series_range *range)
+{
+
+    char formula[LXW_MAX_FORMULA_RANGE_LENGTH] = { 0 };
+    char *tmp_str;
+    char *sheetname;
+
+    /* If neither the range formula or sheetname is defined then this probably
+     * isn't a valid range.
+     */
+    if (!range->formula && !range->sheetname) {
+        range->ignore_cache = LXW_TRUE;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* If the sheetname is already defined it was already set via
+     * chart_series_set_categories() or  chart_series_set_values().
+     */
+    if (range->sheetname)
+        return;
+
+    /* Ignore non-contiguous range like (Sheet1!$A$1:$A$2,Sheet1!$A$4:$A$5) */
+    if (range->formula[0] == '(') {
+        range->ignore_cache = LXW_TRUE;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Create a copy of the formula to modify and parse into parts. */
+    lxw_snprintf(formula, LXW_MAX_FORMULA_RANGE_LENGTH, "%s", range->formula);
+
+    /* Check for valid formula. TODO. This needs stronger validation. */
+    tmp_str = strchr(formula, '!');
+
+    if (tmp_str == NULL) {
+        range->ignore_cache = LXW_TRUE;
+        return;
+    }
+    else {
+        /* Split the formulas into sheetname and row-col data. */
+        *tmp_str = '\0';
+        tmp_str++;
+        sheetname = formula;
+
+        /* Remove any worksheet quoting. */
+        if (sheetname[0] == '\'')
+            sheetname++;
+        if (sheetname[strlen(sheetname) - 1] == '\'')
+            sheetname[strlen(sheetname) - 1] = '\0';
+
+        /* Check that the sheetname exists. */
+        if (!workbook_get_worksheet_by_name(self, sheetname)) {
+            LXW_WARN_FORMAT2("workbook_add_chart(): worksheet name '%s' "
+                             "in chart formula '%s' doesn't exist.",
+                             sheetname, range->formula);
+            range->ignore_cache = LXW_TRUE;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        range->sheetname = lxw_strdup(sheetname);
+        range->first_row = lxw_name_to_row(tmp_str);
+        range->first_col = lxw_name_to_col(tmp_str);
+
+        if (strchr(tmp_str, ':')) {
+            /* 2D range. */
+            range->last_row = lxw_name_to_row_2(tmp_str);
+            range->last_col = lxw_name_to_col_2(tmp_str);
+        }
+        else {
+            /* 1D range. */
+            range->last_row = range->first_row;
+            range->last_col = range->first_col;
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+/* Set the range dimensions and set the data cache.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_populate_range(lxw_workbook *self, lxw_series_range *range)
+{
+    _populate_range_dimensions(self, range);
+    _populate_range_data_cache(self, range);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add "cached" data to charts to provide the numCache and strCache data for
+ * series and title/axis ranges.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_add_chart_cache_data(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    lxw_chart *chart;
+    lxw_chart_series *series;
+
+    STAILQ_FOREACH(chart, self->ordered_charts, ordered_list_pointers) {
+
+        _populate_range(self, chart->title.range);
+        _populate_range(self, chart->x_axis->title.range);
+        _populate_range(self, chart->y_axis->title.range);
+
+        if (STAILQ_EMPTY(chart->series_list))
+            continue;
+
+        STAILQ_FOREACH(series, chart->series_list, list_pointers) {
+            _populate_range(self, series->categories);
+            _populate_range(self, series->values);
+            _populate_range(self, series->title.range);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Iterate through the worksheets and set up any chart or image drawings.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_prepare_drawings(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    lxw_worksheet *worksheet;
+    lxw_image_options *image_options;
+    uint16_t chart_ref_id = 0;
+    uint16_t image_ref_id = 0;
+    uint16_t drawing_id = 0;
+
+    STAILQ_FOREACH(worksheet, self->worksheets, list_pointers) {
+
+        if (STAILQ_EMPTY(worksheet->image_data)
+            && STAILQ_EMPTY(worksheet->chart_data))
+            continue;
+
+        drawing_id++;
+
+        STAILQ_FOREACH(image_options, worksheet->chart_data, list_pointers) {
+            chart_ref_id++;
+            lxw_worksheet_prepare_chart(worksheet, chart_ref_id, drawing_id,
+                                        image_options);
+            if (image_options->chart)
+                STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(self->ordered_charts, image_options->chart,
+                                   ordered_list_pointers);
+        }
+
+        STAILQ_FOREACH(image_options, worksheet->image_data, list_pointers) {
+
+            if (image_options->image_type == LXW_IMAGE_PNG)
+                self->has_png = LXW_TRUE;
+
+            if (image_options->image_type == LXW_IMAGE_JPEG)
+                self->has_jpeg = LXW_TRUE;
+
+            if (image_options->image_type == LXW_IMAGE_BMP)
+                self->has_bmp = LXW_TRUE;
+
+            image_ref_id++;
+
+            lxw_worksheet_prepare_image(worksheet, image_ref_id, drawing_id,
+                                        image_options);
+        }
+    }
+
+    self->drawing_count = drawing_id;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Iterate through the worksheets and store any defined names used for print
+ * ranges or repeat rows/columns.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_prepare_defined_names(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    lxw_worksheet *worksheet;
+    char app_name[LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH];
+    char range[LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH];
+    char area[LXW_MAX_CELL_RANGE_LENGTH];
+    char first_col[8];
+    char last_col[8];
+
+    STAILQ_FOREACH(worksheet, self->worksheets, list_pointers) {
+
+        /*
+         * Check for autofilter settings and store them.
+         */
+        if (worksheet->autofilter.in_use) {
+
+            lxw_snprintf(app_name, LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH,
+                         "%s!_FilterDatabase", worksheet->quoted_name);
+
+            lxw_rowcol_to_range_abs(area,
+                                    worksheet->autofilter.first_row,
+                                    worksheet->autofilter.first_col,
+                                    worksheet->autofilter.last_row,
+                                    worksheet->autofilter.last_col);
+
+            lxw_snprintf(range, LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH, "%s!%s",
+                         worksheet->quoted_name, area);
+
+            /* Autofilters are the only defined name to set the hidden flag. */
+            _store_defined_name(self, "_xlnm._FilterDatabase", app_name,
+                                range, worksheet->index, LXW_TRUE);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Check for Print Area settings and store them.
+         */
+        if (worksheet->print_area.in_use) {
+
+            lxw_snprintf(app_name, LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH,
+                         "%s!Print_Area", worksheet->quoted_name);
+
+            /* Check for print area that is the max row range. */
+            if (worksheet->print_area.first_row == 0
+                && worksheet->print_area.last_row == LXW_ROW_MAX - 1) {
+
+                lxw_col_to_name(first_col,
+                                worksheet->print_area.first_col, LXW_FALSE);
+
+                lxw_col_to_name(last_col,
+                                worksheet->print_area.last_col, LXW_FALSE);
+
+                lxw_snprintf(area, LXW_MAX_CELL_RANGE_LENGTH - 1, "$%s:$%s",
+                             first_col, last_col);
+
+            }
+            /* Check for print area that is the max column range. */
+            else if (worksheet->print_area.first_col == 0
+                     && worksheet->print_area.last_col == LXW_COL_MAX - 1) {
+
+                lxw_snprintf(area, LXW_MAX_CELL_RANGE_LENGTH - 1, "$%d:$%d",
+                             worksheet->print_area.first_row + 1,
+                             worksheet->print_area.last_row + 1);
+
+            }
+            else {
+                lxw_rowcol_to_range_abs(area,
+                                        worksheet->print_area.first_row,
+                                        worksheet->print_area.first_col,
+                                        worksheet->print_area.last_row,
+                                        worksheet->print_area.last_col);
+            }
+
+            lxw_snprintf(range, LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH, "%s!%s",
+                         worksheet->quoted_name, area);
+
+            _store_defined_name(self, "_xlnm.Print_Area", app_name,
+                                range, worksheet->index, LXW_FALSE);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Check for repeat rows/cols. aka, Print Titles and store them.
+         */
+        if (worksheet->repeat_rows.in_use || worksheet->repeat_cols.in_use) {
+            if (worksheet->repeat_rows.in_use
+                && worksheet->repeat_cols.in_use) {
+                lxw_snprintf(app_name, LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH,
+                             "%s!Print_Titles", worksheet->quoted_name);
+
+                lxw_col_to_name(first_col,
+                                worksheet->repeat_cols.first_col, LXW_FALSE);
+
+                lxw_col_to_name(last_col,
+                                worksheet->repeat_cols.last_col, LXW_FALSE);
+
+                lxw_snprintf(range, LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH,
+                             "%s!$%s:$%s,%s!$%d:$%d",
+                             worksheet->quoted_name, first_col,
+                             last_col, worksheet->quoted_name,
+                             worksheet->repeat_rows.first_row + 1,
+                             worksheet->repeat_rows.last_row + 1);
+
+                _store_defined_name(self, "_xlnm.Print_Titles", app_name,
+                                    range, worksheet->index, LXW_FALSE);
+            }
+            else if (worksheet->repeat_rows.in_use) {
+
+                lxw_snprintf(app_name, LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH,
+                             "%s!Print_Titles", worksheet->quoted_name);
+
+                lxw_snprintf(range, LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH,
+                             "%s!$%d:$%d", worksheet->quoted_name,
+                             worksheet->repeat_rows.first_row + 1,
+                             worksheet->repeat_rows.last_row + 1);
+
+                _store_defined_name(self, "_xlnm.Print_Titles", app_name,
+                                    range, worksheet->index, LXW_FALSE);
+            }
+            else if (worksheet->repeat_cols.in_use) {
+                lxw_snprintf(app_name, LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH,
+                             "%s!Print_Titles", worksheet->quoted_name);
+
+                lxw_col_to_name(first_col,
+                                worksheet->repeat_cols.first_col, LXW_FALSE);
+
+                lxw_col_to_name(last_col,
+                                worksheet->repeat_cols.last_col, LXW_FALSE);
+
+                lxw_snprintf(range, LXW_DEFINED_NAME_LENGTH,
+                             "%s!$%s:$%s", worksheet->quoted_name,
+                             first_col, last_col);
+
+                _store_defined_name(self, "_xlnm.Print_Titles", app_name,
+                                    range, worksheet->index, LXW_FALSE);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ *
+ * XML functions.
+ *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * Write the XML declaration.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_workbook_xml_declaration(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    lxw_xml_declaration(self->file);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the <workbook> element.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_write_workbook(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    struct xml_attribute_list attributes;
+    struct xml_attribute *attribute;
+    char xmlns[] = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org"
+        "/spreadsheetml/2006/main";
+    char xmlns_r[] = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org"
+        "/officeDocument/2006/relationships";
+
+    LXW_INIT_ATTRIBUTES();
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("xmlns", xmlns);
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("xmlns:r", xmlns_r);
+
+    lxw_xml_start_tag(self->file, "workbook", &attributes);
+
+    LXW_FREE_ATTRIBUTES();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the <fileVersion> element.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_write_file_version(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    struct xml_attribute_list attributes;
+    struct xml_attribute *attribute;
+
+    LXW_INIT_ATTRIBUTES();
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("appName", "xl");
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("lastEdited", "4");
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("lowestEdited", "4");
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("rupBuild", "4505");
+
+    lxw_xml_empty_tag(self->file, "fileVersion", &attributes);
+
+    LXW_FREE_ATTRIBUTES();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the <workbookPr> element.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_write_workbook_pr(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    struct xml_attribute_list attributes;
+    struct xml_attribute *attribute;
+
+    LXW_INIT_ATTRIBUTES();
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("defaultThemeVersion", "124226");
+
+    lxw_xml_empty_tag(self->file, "workbookPr", &attributes);
+
+    LXW_FREE_ATTRIBUTES();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the <workbookView> element.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_write_workbook_view(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    struct xml_attribute_list attributes;
+    struct xml_attribute *attribute;
+
+    LXW_INIT_ATTRIBUTES();
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("xWindow", "240");
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("yWindow", "15");
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("windowWidth", "16095");
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("windowHeight", "9660");
+
+    if (self->first_sheet)
+        LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_INT("firstSheet", self->first_sheet);
+
+    if (self->active_sheet)
+        LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_INT("activeTab", self->active_sheet);
+
+    lxw_xml_empty_tag(self->file, "workbookView", &attributes);
+
+    LXW_FREE_ATTRIBUTES();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the <bookViews> element.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_write_book_views(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    lxw_xml_start_tag(self->file, "bookViews", NULL);
+
+    _write_workbook_view(self);
+
+    lxw_xml_end_tag(self->file, "bookViews");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the <sheet> element.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_write_sheet(lxw_workbook *self, const char *name, uint32_t sheet_id,
+             uint8_t hidden)
+{
+    struct xml_attribute_list attributes;
+    struct xml_attribute *attribute;
+    char r_id[LXW_MAX_ATTRIBUTE_LENGTH] = "rId1";
+
+    lxw_snprintf(r_id, LXW_ATTR_32, "rId%d", sheet_id);
+
+    LXW_INIT_ATTRIBUTES();
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("name", name);
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_INT("sheetId", sheet_id);
+
+    if (hidden)
+        LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("state", "hidden");
+
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("r:id", r_id);
+
+    lxw_xml_empty_tag(self->file, "sheet", &attributes);
+
+    LXW_FREE_ATTRIBUTES();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the <sheets> element.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_write_sheets(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    lxw_worksheet *worksheet;
+
+    lxw_xml_start_tag(self->file, "sheets", NULL);
+
+    STAILQ_FOREACH(worksheet, self->worksheets, list_pointers) {
+        _write_sheet(self, worksheet->name, worksheet->index + 1,
+                     worksheet->hidden);
+    }
+
+    lxw_xml_end_tag(self->file, "sheets");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the <calcPr> element.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_write_calc_pr(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    struct xml_attribute_list attributes;
+    struct xml_attribute *attribute;
+
+    LXW_INIT_ATTRIBUTES();
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("calcId", "124519");
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("fullCalcOnLoad", "1");
+
+    lxw_xml_empty_tag(self->file, "calcPr", &attributes);
+
+    LXW_FREE_ATTRIBUTES();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the <definedName> element.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_write_defined_name(lxw_workbook *self, lxw_defined_name *defined_name)
+{
+    struct xml_attribute_list attributes;
+    struct xml_attribute *attribute;
+
+    LXW_INIT_ATTRIBUTES();
+    LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_STR("name", defined_name->name);
+
+    if (defined_name->index != -1)
+        LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_INT("localSheetId", defined_name->index);
+
+    if (defined_name->hidden)
+        LXW_PUSH_ATTRIBUTES_INT("hidden", 1);
+
+    lxw_xml_data_element(self->file, "definedName", defined_name->formula,
+                         &attributes);
+
+    LXW_FREE_ATTRIBUTES();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the <definedNames> element.
+ */
+STATIC void
+_write_defined_names(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    lxw_defined_name *defined_name;
+
+    if (TAILQ_EMPTY(self->defined_names))
+        return;
+
+    lxw_xml_start_tag(self->file, "definedNames", NULL);
+
+    TAILQ_FOREACH(defined_name, self->defined_names, list_pointers) {
+        _write_defined_name(self, defined_name);
+    }
+
+    lxw_xml_end_tag(self->file, "definedNames");
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ *
+ * XML file assembly functions.
+ *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * Assemble and write the XML file.
+ */
+void
+lxw_workbook_assemble_xml_file(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    /* Prepare workbook and sub-objects for writing. */
+    _prepare_workbook(self);
+
+    /* Write the XML declaration. */
+    _workbook_xml_declaration(self);
+
+    /* Write the root workbook element. */
+    _write_workbook(self);
+
+    /* Write the XLSX file version. */
+    _write_file_version(self);
+
+    /* Write the workbook properties. */
+    _write_workbook_pr(self);
+
+    /* Write the workbook view properties. */
+    _write_book_views(self);
+
+    /* Write the worksheet names and ids. */
+    _write_sheets(self);
+
+    /* Write the workbook defined names. */
+    _write_defined_names(self);
+
+    /* Write the workbook calculation properties. */
+    _write_calc_pr(self);
+
+    /* Close the workbook tag. */
+    lxw_xml_end_tag(self->file, "workbook");
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Public functions.
+ *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * Create a new workbook object.
+ */
+lxw_workbook *
+workbook_new(const char *filename)
+{
+    return workbook_new_opt(filename, NULL);
+}
+
+/* Deprecated function name for backwards compatibility. */
+lxw_workbook *
+new_workbook(const char *filename)
+{
+    return workbook_new_opt(filename, NULL);
+}
+
+/* Deprecated function name for backwards compatibility. */
+lxw_workbook *
+new_workbook_opt(const char *filename, lxw_workbook_options *options)
+{
+    return workbook_new_opt(filename, options);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a new workbook object with options.
+ */
+lxw_workbook *
+workbook_new_opt(const char *filename, lxw_workbook_options *options)
+{
+    lxw_format *format;
+    lxw_workbook *workbook;
+
+    /* Create the workbook object. */
+    workbook = calloc(1, sizeof(lxw_workbook));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(workbook, mem_error);
+    workbook->filename = lxw_strdup(filename);
+
+    /* Add the worksheets list. */
+    workbook->worksheets = calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_worksheets));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(workbook->worksheets, mem_error);
+    STAILQ_INIT(workbook->worksheets);
+
+    /* Add the worksheet names tree. */
+    workbook->worksheet_names = calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_worksheet_names));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(workbook->worksheet_names, mem_error);
+    RB_INIT(workbook->worksheet_names);
+
+    /* Add the charts list. */
+    workbook->charts = calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_charts));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(workbook->charts, mem_error);
+    STAILQ_INIT(workbook->charts);
+
+    /* Add the ordered charts list to track chart insertion order. */
+    workbook->ordered_charts = calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_charts));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(workbook->ordered_charts, mem_error);
+    STAILQ_INIT(workbook->ordered_charts);
+
+    /* Add the formats list. */
+    workbook->formats = calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_formats));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(workbook->formats, mem_error);
+    STAILQ_INIT(workbook->formats);
+
+    /* Add the defined_names list. */
+    workbook->defined_names = calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_defined_names));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(workbook->defined_names, mem_error);
+    TAILQ_INIT(workbook->defined_names);
+
+    /* Add the shared strings table. */
+    workbook->sst = lxw_sst_new();
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(workbook->sst, mem_error);
+
+    /* Add the default workbook properties. */
+    workbook->properties = calloc(1, sizeof(lxw_doc_properties));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(workbook->properties, mem_error);
+
+    /* Add a hash table to track format indices. */
+    workbook->used_xf_formats = lxw_hash_new(128, 1, 0);
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(workbook->used_xf_formats, mem_error);
+
+    /* Add the worksheets list. */
+    workbook->custom_properties =
+        calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_custom_properties));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(workbook->custom_properties, mem_error);
+    STAILQ_INIT(workbook->custom_properties);
+
+    /* Add the default cell format. */
+    format = workbook_add_format(workbook);
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(format, mem_error);
+
+    /* Initialize its index. */
+    lxw_format_get_xf_index(format);
+
+    if (options) {
+        workbook->options.constant_memory = options->constant_memory;
+        workbook->options.tmpdir = lxw_strdup(options->tmpdir);
+    }
+
+    return workbook;
+
+mem_error:
+    lxw_workbook_free(workbook);
+    workbook = NULL;
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a new worksheet to the Excel workbook.
+ */
+lxw_worksheet *
+workbook_add_worksheet(lxw_workbook *self, const char *sheetname)
+{
+    lxw_worksheet *worksheet;
+    lxw_worksheet_name *worksheet_name = NULL;
+    lxw_error error;
+    lxw_worksheet_init_data init_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+    char *new_name = NULL;
+
+    if (sheetname) {
+        /* Use the user supplied name. */
+        init_data.name = lxw_strdup(sheetname);
+        init_data.quoted_name = lxw_quote_sheetname((char *) sheetname);
+    }
+    else {
+        /* Use the default SheetN name. */
+        new_name = malloc(LXW_MAX_SHEETNAME_LENGTH);
+        GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(new_name, mem_error);
+
+        lxw_snprintf(new_name, LXW_MAX_SHEETNAME_LENGTH, "Sheet%d",
+                     self->num_sheets + 1);
+        init_data.name = new_name;
+        init_data.quoted_name = lxw_strdup(new_name);
+    }
+
+    /* Check that the worksheet name is valid. */
+    error = workbook_validate_worksheet_name(self, init_data.name);
+    if (error) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT2("workbook_add_worksheet(): worksheet name '%s' has "
+                         "error: %s", init_data.name, lxw_strerror(error));
+        goto mem_error;
+    }
+
+    /* Create a struct to find/store the worksheet name/pointer. */
+    worksheet_name = calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_worksheet_name));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(worksheet_name, mem_error);
+
+    /* Initialize the metadata to pass to the worksheet. */
+    init_data.hidden = 0;
+    init_data.index = self->num_sheets;
+    init_data.sst = self->sst;
+    init_data.optimize = self->options.constant_memory;
+    init_data.active_sheet = &self->active_sheet;
+    init_data.first_sheet = &self->first_sheet;
+    init_data.tmpdir = self->options.tmpdir;
+
+    /* Create a new worksheet object. */
+    worksheet = lxw_worksheet_new(&init_data);
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(worksheet, mem_error);
+
+    self->num_sheets++;
+    STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(self->worksheets, worksheet, list_pointers);
+
+    /* Store the worksheet so we can look it up by name. */
+    worksheet_name->name = init_data.name;
+    worksheet_name->worksheet = worksheet;
+    RB_INSERT(lxw_worksheet_names, self->worksheet_names, worksheet_name);
+
+    return worksheet;
+
+mem_error:
+    free(init_data.name);
+    free(init_data.quoted_name);
+    free(worksheet_name);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a new chart to the Excel workbook.
+ */
+lxw_chart *
+workbook_add_chart(lxw_workbook *self, uint8_t type)
+{
+    lxw_chart *chart;
+
+    /* Create a new chart object. */
+    chart = lxw_chart_new(type);
+
+    if (chart)
+        STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(self->charts, chart, list_pointers);
+
+    return chart;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a new format to the Excel workbook.
+ */
+lxw_format *
+workbook_add_format(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    /* Create a new format object. */
+    lxw_format *format = lxw_format_new();
+    RETURN_ON_MEM_ERROR(format, NULL);
+
+    if (!STAILQ_EMPTY(self->formats)) {
+        memcpy(format, STAILQ_FIRST(self->formats), sizeof(lxw_format));
+        format->xf_format_indices = NULL;
+        format->num_xf_formats = NULL;
+        format->list_pointers.stqe_next = NULL;
+        format->xf_index = LXW_PROPERTY_UNSET;
+        format->dxf_index = LXW_PROPERTY_UNSET;
+    }
+
+    format->xf_format_indices = self->used_xf_formats;
+    format->num_xf_formats = &self->num_xf_formats;
+
+    STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(self->formats, format, list_pointers);
+
+    return format;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns default format for workbook.
+ */
+lxw_format *
+workbook_default_format(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    return STAILQ_FIRST(self->formats);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Call finalization code and close file.
+ */
+lxw_error
+workbook_close(lxw_workbook *self)
+{
+    lxw_worksheet *worksheet = NULL;
+    lxw_packager *packager = NULL;
+    lxw_error error = LXW_NO_ERROR;
+
+    /* Add a default worksheet if non have been added. */
+    if (!self->num_sheets)
+        workbook_add_worksheet(self, NULL);
+
+    /* Ensure that at least one worksheet has been selected. */
+    if (self->active_sheet == 0) {
+        worksheet = STAILQ_FIRST(self->worksheets);
+        worksheet->selected = 1;
+        worksheet->hidden = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Set the active sheet. */
+    STAILQ_FOREACH(worksheet, self->worksheets, list_pointers) {
+        if (worksheet->index == self->active_sheet)
+            worksheet->active = 1;
+    }
+
+    /* Set the defined names for the worksheets such as Print Titles. */
+    _prepare_defined_names(self);
+
+    /* Prepare the drawings, charts and images. */
+    _prepare_drawings(self);
+
+    /* Add cached data to charts. */
+    _add_chart_cache_data(self);
+
+    /* Create a packager object to assemble sub-elements into a zip file. */
+    packager = lxw_packager_new(self->filename, self->options.tmpdir);
+
+    /* If the packager fails it is generally due to a zip permission error. */
+    if (packager == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "[ERROR] workbook_close(): "
+                "Error creating '%s'. "
+                "Error = %s\n", self->filename, strerror(errno));
+
+        error = LXW_ERROR_CREATING_XLSX_FILE;
+        goto mem_error;
+    }
+
+    /* Set the workbook object in the packager. */
+    packager->workbook = self;
+
+    /* Assemble all the sub-files in the xlsx package. */
+    error = lxw_create_package(packager);
+
+    /* Error and non-error conditions fall through to the cleanup code. */
+    if (error == LXW_ERROR_CREATING_TMPFILE) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "[ERROR] workbook_close(): "
+                "Error creating tmpfile(s) to assemble '%s'. "
+                "Error = %s\n", self->filename, strerror(errno));
+    }
+
+    /* If LXW_ERROR_ZIP_FILE_OPERATION then errno is set by zlib. */
+    if (error == LXW_ERROR_ZIP_FILE_OPERATION) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "[ERROR] workbook_close(): "
+                "Zlib error while creating xlsx file '%s'. "
+                "Error = %s\n", self->filename, strerror(errno));
+    }
+
+    /* The next 2 error conditions don't set errno. */
+    if (error == LXW_ERROR_ZIP_FILE_ADD) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "[ERROR] workbook_close(): "
+                "Zlib error adding file to xlsx file '%s'.\n",
+                self->filename);
+    }
+
+    if (error == LXW_ERROR_ZIP_CLOSE) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "[ERROR] workbook_close(): "
+                "Zlib error closing xlsx file '%s'.\n", self->filename);
+    }
+
+mem_error:
+    lxw_packager_free(packager);
+    lxw_workbook_free(self);
+    return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a defined name in Excel. We handle global/workbook level names and
+ * local/worksheet names.
+ */
+lxw_error
+workbook_define_name(lxw_workbook *self, const char *name,
+                     const char *formula)
+{
+    return _store_defined_name(self, name, NULL, formula, -1, LXW_FALSE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set the document properties such as Title, Author etc.
+ */
+lxw_error
+workbook_set_properties(lxw_workbook *self, lxw_doc_properties *user_props)
+{
+    lxw_doc_properties *doc_props;
+
+    /* Free any existing properties. */
+    _free_doc_properties(self->properties);
+
+    doc_props = calloc(1, sizeof(lxw_doc_properties));
+    GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(doc_props, mem_error);
+
+    /* Copy the user properties to an internal structure. */
+    if (user_props->title) {
+        doc_props->title = lxw_strdup(user_props->title);
+        GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(doc_props->title, mem_error);
+    }
+
+    if (user_props->subject) {
+        doc_props->subject = lxw_strdup(user_props->subject);
+        GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(doc_props->subject, mem_error);
+    }
+
+    if (user_props->author) {
+        doc_props->author = lxw_strdup(user_props->author);
+        GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(doc_props->author, mem_error);
+    }
+
+    if (user_props->manager) {
+        doc_props->manager = lxw_strdup(user_props->manager);
+        GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(doc_props->manager, mem_error);
+    }
+
+    if (user_props->company) {
+        doc_props->company = lxw_strdup(user_props->company);
+        GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(doc_props->company, mem_error);
+    }
+
+    if (user_props->category) {
+        doc_props->category = lxw_strdup(user_props->category);
+        GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(doc_props->category, mem_error);
+    }
+
+    if (user_props->keywords) {
+        doc_props->keywords = lxw_strdup(user_props->keywords);
+        GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(doc_props->keywords, mem_error);
+    }
+
+    if (user_props->comments) {
+        doc_props->comments = lxw_strdup(user_props->comments);
+        GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(doc_props->comments, mem_error);
+    }
+
+    if (user_props->status) {
+        doc_props->status = lxw_strdup(user_props->status);
+        GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(doc_props->status, mem_error);
+    }
+
+    if (user_props->hyperlink_base) {
+        doc_props->hyperlink_base = lxw_strdup(user_props->hyperlink_base);
+        GOTO_LABEL_ON_MEM_ERROR(doc_props->hyperlink_base, mem_error);
+    }
+
+    self->properties = doc_props;
+
+    return LXW_NO_ERROR;
+
+mem_error:
+    _free_doc_properties(doc_props);
+    return LXW_ERROR_MEMORY_MALLOC_FAILED;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set a string custom document property.
+ */
+lxw_error
+workbook_set_custom_property_string(lxw_workbook *self, const char *name,
+                                    const char *value)
+{
+    lxw_custom_property *custom_property;
+
+    if (!name) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT("workbook_set_custom_property_string(): "
+                        "parameter 'name' cannot be NULL.");
+        return LXW_ERROR_NULL_PARAMETER_IGNORED;
+    }
+
+    if (!value) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT("workbook_set_custom_property_string(): "
+                        "parameter 'value' cannot be NULL.");
+        return LXW_ERROR_NULL_PARAMETER_IGNORED;
+    }
+
+    if (lxw_utf8_strlen(name) > 255) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT("workbook_set_custom_property_string(): parameter "
+                        "'name' exceeds Excel length limit of 255.");
+        return LXW_ERROR_255_STRING_LENGTH_EXCEEDED;
+    }
+
+    if (lxw_utf8_strlen(value) > 255) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT("workbook_set_custom_property_string(): parameter "
+                        "'value' exceeds Excel length limit of 255.");
+        return LXW_ERROR_255_STRING_LENGTH_EXCEEDED;
+    }
+
+    /* Create a struct to hold the custom property. */
+    custom_property = calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_custom_property));
+    RETURN_ON_MEM_ERROR(custom_property, LXW_ERROR_MEMORY_MALLOC_FAILED);
+
+    custom_property->name = lxw_strdup(name);
+    custom_property->u.string = lxw_strdup(value);
+    custom_property->type = LXW_CUSTOM_STRING;
+
+    STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(self->custom_properties, custom_property,
+                       list_pointers);
+
+    return LXW_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set a double number custom document property.
+ */
+lxw_error
+workbook_set_custom_property_number(lxw_workbook *self, const char *name,
+                                    double value)
+{
+    lxw_custom_property *custom_property;
+
+    if (!name) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT("workbook_set_custom_property_number(): parameter "
+                        "'name' cannot be NULL.");
+        return LXW_ERROR_NULL_PARAMETER_IGNORED;
+    }
+
+    if (lxw_utf8_strlen(name) > 255) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT("workbook_set_custom_property_number(): parameter "
+                        "'name' exceeds Excel length limit of 255.");
+        return LXW_ERROR_255_STRING_LENGTH_EXCEEDED;
+    }
+
+    /* Create a struct to hold the custom property. */
+    custom_property = calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_custom_property));
+    RETURN_ON_MEM_ERROR(custom_property, LXW_ERROR_MEMORY_MALLOC_FAILED);
+
+    custom_property->name = lxw_strdup(name);
+    custom_property->u.number = value;
+    custom_property->type = LXW_CUSTOM_DOUBLE;
+
+    STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(self->custom_properties, custom_property,
+                       list_pointers);
+
+    return LXW_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set a integer number custom document property.
+ */
+lxw_error
+workbook_set_custom_property_integer(lxw_workbook *self, const char *name,
+                                     int32_t value)
+{
+    lxw_custom_property *custom_property;
+
+    if (!name) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT("workbook_set_custom_property_integer(): parameter "
+                        "'name' cannot be NULL.");
+        return LXW_ERROR_NULL_PARAMETER_IGNORED;
+    }
+
+    if (strlen(name) > 255) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT("workbook_set_custom_property_integer(): parameter "
+                        "'name' exceeds Excel length limit of 255.");
+        return LXW_ERROR_255_STRING_LENGTH_EXCEEDED;
+    }
+
+    /* Create a struct to hold the custom property. */
+    custom_property = calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_custom_property));
+    RETURN_ON_MEM_ERROR(custom_property, LXW_ERROR_MEMORY_MALLOC_FAILED);
+
+    custom_property->name = lxw_strdup(name);
+    custom_property->u.integer = value;
+    custom_property->type = LXW_CUSTOM_INTEGER;
+
+    STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(self->custom_properties, custom_property,
+                       list_pointers);
+
+    return LXW_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set a boolean custom document property.
+ */
+lxw_error
+workbook_set_custom_property_boolean(lxw_workbook *self, const char *name,
+                                     uint8_t value)
+{
+    lxw_custom_property *custom_property;
+
+    if (!name) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT("workbook_set_custom_property_boolean(): parameter "
+                        "'name' cannot be NULL.");
+        return LXW_ERROR_NULL_PARAMETER_IGNORED;
+    }
+
+    if (lxw_utf8_strlen(name) > 255) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT("workbook_set_custom_property_boolean(): parameter "
+                        "'name' exceeds Excel length limit of 255.");
+        return LXW_ERROR_255_STRING_LENGTH_EXCEEDED;
+    }
+
+    /* Create a struct to hold the custom property. */
+    custom_property = calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_custom_property));
+    RETURN_ON_MEM_ERROR(custom_property, LXW_ERROR_MEMORY_MALLOC_FAILED);
+
+    custom_property->name = lxw_strdup(name);
+    custom_property->u.boolean = value;
+    custom_property->type = LXW_CUSTOM_BOOLEAN;
+
+    STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(self->custom_properties, custom_property,
+                       list_pointers);
+
+    return LXW_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set a datetime custom document property.
+ */
+lxw_error
+workbook_set_custom_property_datetime(lxw_workbook *self, const char *name,
+                                      lxw_datetime *datetime)
+{
+    lxw_custom_property *custom_property;
+
+    if (!name) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT("workbook_set_custom_property_datetime(): parameter "
+                        "'name' cannot be NULL.");
+        return LXW_ERROR_NULL_PARAMETER_IGNORED;
+    }
+
+    if (lxw_utf8_strlen(name) > 255) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT("workbook_set_custom_property_datetime(): parameter "
+                        "'name' exceeds Excel length limit of 255.");
+        return LXW_ERROR_NULL_PARAMETER_IGNORED;
+    }
+
+    if (!datetime) {
+        LXW_WARN_FORMAT("workbook_set_custom_property_datetime(): parameter "
+                        "'datetime' cannot be NULL.");
+        return LXW_ERROR_NULL_PARAMETER_IGNORED;
+    }
+
+    /* Create a struct to hold the custom property. */
+    custom_property = calloc(1, sizeof(struct lxw_custom_property));
+    RETURN_ON_MEM_ERROR(custom_property, LXW_ERROR_MEMORY_MALLOC_FAILED);
+
+    custom_property->name = lxw_strdup(name);
+
+    memcpy(&custom_property->u.datetime, datetime, sizeof(lxw_datetime));
+    custom_property->type = LXW_CUSTOM_DATETIME;
+
+    STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(self->custom_properties, custom_property,
+                       list_pointers);
+
+    return LXW_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get a worksheet object from its name.
+ */
+lxw_worksheet *
+workbook_get_worksheet_by_name(lxw_workbook *self, const char *name)
+{
+    lxw_worksheet_name worksheet_name;
+    lxw_worksheet_name *found;
+
+    if (!name)
+        return NULL;
+
+    worksheet_name.name = name;
+    found = RB_FIND(lxw_worksheet_names,
+                    self->worksheet_names, &worksheet_name);
+
+    if (found)
+        return found->worksheet;
+    else
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Validate the worksheet name based on Excel's rules.
+ */
+lxw_error
+workbook_validate_worksheet_name(lxw_workbook *self, const char *sheetname)
+{
+    /* Check the UTF-8 length of the worksheet name. */
+    if (lxw_utf8_strlen(sheetname) > LXW_SHEETNAME_MAX)
+        return LXW_ERROR_SHEETNAME_LENGTH_EXCEEDED;
+
+    /* Check that the worksheet name doesn't contain invalid characters. */
+    if (strpbrk(sheetname, "[]:*?/\\"))
+        return LXW_ERROR_INVALID_SHEETNAME_CHARACTER;
+
+    /* Check if the worksheet name is already in use. */
+    if (workbook_get_worksheet_by_name(self, sheetname))
+        return LXW_ERROR_SHEETNAME_ALREADY_USED;
+
+    return LXW_NO_ERROR;
+}