kind 5.1.0 → 5.5.0

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Files changed (106) hide show
  1. checksums.yaml +4 -4
  2. data/.tool-versions +1 -1
  3. data/.travis.sh +37 -10
  4. data/CHANGELOG.md +518 -29
  5. data/README.md +48 -45
  6. data/kind.gemspec +2 -2
  7. data/lib/kind.rb +2 -49
  8. data/lib/kind/__lib__/action_steps.rb +57 -0
  9. data/lib/kind/__lib__/attributes.rb +66 -0
  10. data/lib/kind/__lib__/kind.rb +51 -0
  11. data/lib/kind/__lib__/of.rb +17 -0
  12. data/lib/kind/__lib__/strict.rb +49 -0
  13. data/lib/kind/__lib__/undefined.rb +14 -0
  14. data/lib/kind/action.rb +127 -0
  15. data/lib/kind/active_model/validation.rb +1 -1
  16. data/lib/kind/basic.rb +83 -0
  17. data/lib/kind/basic/error.rb +29 -0
  18. data/lib/kind/{core → basic}/undefined.rb +6 -1
  19. data/lib/kind/{core/dig.rb → dig.rb} +21 -5
  20. data/lib/kind/either.rb +30 -0
  21. data/lib/kind/either/left.rb +29 -0
  22. data/lib/kind/either/methods.rb +17 -0
  23. data/lib/kind/either/monad.rb +65 -0
  24. data/lib/kind/either/monad/wrapper.rb +19 -0
  25. data/lib/kind/either/right.rb +38 -0
  26. data/lib/kind/{core/empty.rb → empty.rb} +2 -0
  27. data/lib/kind/{core/empty → empty}/constant.rb +0 -0
  28. data/lib/kind/enum.rb +63 -0
  29. data/lib/kind/enum/item.rb +40 -0
  30. data/lib/kind/enum/methods.rb +72 -0
  31. data/lib/kind/function.rb +45 -0
  32. data/lib/kind/functional.rb +89 -0
  33. data/lib/kind/functional/action.rb +87 -0
  34. data/lib/kind/functional/steps.rb +22 -0
  35. data/lib/kind/immutable_attributes.rb +34 -0
  36. data/lib/kind/immutable_attributes/initializer.rb +70 -0
  37. data/lib/kind/immutable_attributes/reader.rb +38 -0
  38. data/lib/kind/maybe.rb +69 -0
  39. data/lib/kind/maybe/methods.rb +21 -0
  40. data/lib/kind/maybe/monad.rb +82 -0
  41. data/lib/kind/maybe/monad/wrapper.rb +19 -0
  42. data/lib/kind/maybe/none.rb +50 -0
  43. data/lib/kind/maybe/some.rb +132 -0
  44. data/lib/kind/maybe/typed.rb +35 -0
  45. data/lib/kind/{core/maybe/wrappable.rb → maybe/wrapper.rb} +8 -4
  46. data/lib/kind/monad.rb +22 -0
  47. data/lib/kind/monads.rb +5 -0
  48. data/lib/kind/objects.rb +17 -0
  49. data/lib/kind/objects/basic_object.rb +43 -0
  50. data/lib/kind/objects/modules.rb +32 -0
  51. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/array.rb +3 -1
  52. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/class.rb +1 -1
  53. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/comparable.rb +1 -1
  54. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/enumerable.rb +1 -1
  55. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/enumerator.rb +1 -1
  56. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/file.rb +1 -1
  57. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/float.rb +1 -1
  58. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/hash.rb +3 -1
  59. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/integer.rb +1 -1
  60. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/io.rb +1 -1
  61. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/method.rb +1 -1
  62. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/module.rb +1 -1
  63. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/numeric.rb +1 -1
  64. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/proc.rb +1 -1
  65. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/queue.rb +1 -1
  66. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/range.rb +1 -1
  67. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/regexp.rb +1 -1
  68. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/string.rb +3 -1
  69. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/struct.rb +1 -1
  70. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/symbol.rb +1 -1
  71. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers/ruby → objects/modules/core}/time.rb +1 -1
  72. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers → objects/modules}/custom/boolean.rb +2 -2
  73. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers → objects/modules}/custom/callable.rb +1 -1
  74. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers → objects/modules}/custom/lambda.rb +1 -1
  75. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers → objects/modules}/stdlib/open_struct.rb +3 -1
  76. data/lib/kind/{core/type_checkers → objects/modules}/stdlib/set.rb +3 -1
  77. data/lib/kind/objects/nil.rb +17 -0
  78. data/lib/kind/objects/not_nil.rb +9 -0
  79. data/lib/kind/objects/object.rb +56 -0
  80. data/lib/kind/objects/respond_to.rb +30 -0
  81. data/lib/kind/objects/union_type.rb +44 -0
  82. data/lib/kind/{core/presence.rb → presence.rb} +4 -2
  83. data/lib/kind/result.rb +31 -0
  84. data/lib/kind/result/abstract.rb +53 -0
  85. data/lib/kind/result/failure.rb +33 -0
  86. data/lib/kind/result/methods.rb +17 -0
  87. data/lib/kind/result/monad.rb +74 -0
  88. data/lib/kind/result/monad/wrapper.rb +19 -0
  89. data/lib/kind/result/success.rb +53 -0
  90. data/lib/kind/strict/disabled.rb +34 -0
  91. data/lib/kind/try.rb +46 -0
  92. data/lib/kind/validator.rb +14 -10
  93. data/lib/kind/version.rb +1 -1
  94. metadata +91 -49
  95. data/lib/kind/core.rb +0 -15
  96. data/lib/kind/core/error.rb +0 -15
  97. data/lib/kind/core/maybe.rb +0 -42
  98. data/lib/kind/core/maybe/none.rb +0 -57
  99. data/lib/kind/core/maybe/result.rb +0 -51
  100. data/lib/kind/core/maybe/some.rb +0 -90
  101. data/lib/kind/core/maybe/typed.rb +0 -29
  102. data/lib/kind/core/try.rb +0 -34
  103. data/lib/kind/core/type_checker.rb +0 -87
  104. data/lib/kind/core/type_checkers.rb +0 -30
  105. data/lib/kind/core/utils/kind.rb +0 -61
  106. data/lib/kind/core/utils/undefined.rb +0 -7
checksums.yaml CHANGED
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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5
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data/.tool-versions CHANGED
@@ -1 +1 @@
1
- ruby 2.7.2
1
+ ruby 3.0.0
data/.travis.sh CHANGED
@@ -2,6 +2,29 @@
2
2
 
3
3
  RUBY_V=$(ruby -v)
4
4
 
5
+ function run_basic_tests {
6
+ if [ ! -z "$1" ]; then
7
+ bundle_cmd="bundle _$1_"
8
+ else
9
+ bundle_cmd="bundle"
10
+ fi
11
+
12
+ eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/{basic/*_test,basic_test}.rb'"
13
+ eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/enum_test.rb'"
14
+ eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/presence_test.rb'"
15
+ eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/dig_test.rb'"
16
+ eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/try_test.rb'"
17
+ eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/maybe_test.rb'"
18
+ eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/immutable_attributes_test.rb'"
19
+ eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/function_test.rb'"
20
+ eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/action_test.rb'"
21
+ eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/{functional/*_test,functional_test}.rb'"
22
+ eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/either/*_test.rb'"
23
+ eval "KIND_BASIC=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/result/*_test.rb'"
24
+
25
+ eval "KIND_STRICT=t $bundle_cmd exec rake test TEST='test/kind/strict_disabled_test.rb'"
26
+ }
27
+
5
28
  function run_with_bundler {
6
29
  rm Gemfile.lock
7
30
 
@@ -19,17 +42,17 @@ function run_with_am_version_and_bundler {
19
42
  run_with_bundler "$2" "ACTIVEMODEL_VERSION=$1"
20
43
  }
21
44
 
22
- if [[ $RUBY_V =~ "ruby 2.[12]." ]]; then
23
- run_with_bundler "$BUNDLER_V1"
45
+ RUBY_2_12="ruby 2.[12]."
46
+ RUBY_2_2345="ruby 2.[2345]."
47
+ RUBY_2_12345="ruby 2.[12345]."
48
+ RUBY_2_567="ruby 2.[567]."
49
+ RUBY_3_0="ruby 3.0."
24
50
 
51
+ if [[ $RUBY_V =~ $RUBY_2_12 ]]; then
25
52
  run_with_am_version_and_bundler "3.2" "$BUNDLER_V1"
26
53
  fi
27
54
 
28
- RUBY_2_2345="ruby 2.[2345]."
29
-
30
55
  if [[ $RUBY_V =~ $RUBY_2_2345 ]]; then
31
- run_with_bundler "$BUNDLER_V1"
32
-
33
56
  run_with_am_version_and_bundler "4.0" "$BUNDLER_V1"
34
57
  run_with_am_version_and_bundler "4.1" "$BUNDLER_V1"
35
58
  run_with_am_version_and_bundler "4.2" "$BUNDLER_V1"
@@ -38,13 +61,17 @@ if [[ $RUBY_V =~ $RUBY_2_2345 ]]; then
38
61
  run_with_am_version_and_bundler "5.2" "$BUNDLER_V1"
39
62
  fi
40
63
 
41
- RUBY_2_567="ruby 2.[567]."
42
- RUBY_3_x_x="ruby 3.0."
64
+ if [[ $RUBY_V =~ $RUBY_2_12345 ]]; then
65
+ run_basic_tests "$BUNDLER_V1"
66
+ run_with_bundler "$BUNDLER_V1"
67
+ fi
43
68
 
44
- if [[ $RUBY_V =~ $RUBY_2_567 ]] || [[ $RUBY_V =~ $RUBY_3_x_x ]]; then
69
+ if [[ $RUBY_V =~ $RUBY_2_567 ]] || [[ $RUBY_V =~ $RUBY_3_0 ]]; then
45
70
  gem install bundler -v ">= 2" --no-doc
46
71
 
47
- run_with_bundler
48
72
  run_with_am_version_and_bundler "6.0"
49
73
  run_with_am_version_and_bundler "6.1"
74
+
75
+ run_basic_tests
76
+ run_with_bundler
50
77
  fi
data/CHANGELOG.md CHANGED
@@ -3,69 +3,81 @@
3
3
  This project follows [semver 2.0.0](http://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html) and the recommendations of [keepachangelog.com](http://keepachangelog.com/).
4
4
 
5
5
  - [Unreleased](#unreleased)
6
- - [5.1.0 (2021-02-23)](#510-2021-02-23)
6
+ - [5.5.0 (2021-04-05)](#550-2021-04-05)
7
7
  - [Added](#added)
8
+ - [5.4.1 (2021-03-26)](#541-2021-03-26)
9
+ - [Fixed](#fixed)
10
+ - [5.4.0 (2021-03-25)](#540-2021-03-25)
11
+ - [Added](#added-1)
12
+ - [5.3.0 (2021-03-23)](#530-2021-03-23)
13
+ - [Added](#added-2)
14
+ - [5.2.0 (2021-03-17)](#520-2021-03-17)
15
+ - [Added](#added-3)
8
16
  - [Deprecated](#deprecated)
17
+ - [Changes](#changes)
18
+ - [5.1.0 (2021-02-23)](#510-2021-02-23)
19
+ - [Added](#added-4)
20
+ - [Deprecated](#deprecated-1)
9
21
  - [5.0.0 (2021-02-22)](#500-2021-02-22)
10
22
  - [Breaking Changes](#breaking-changes)
11
23
  - [Removed](#removed)
12
24
  - [4.1.0 (2021-02-22)](#410-2021-02-22)
13
- - [Added](#added-1)
25
+ - [Added](#added-5)
14
26
  - [4.0.0 (2021-02-22)](#400-2021-02-22)
15
- - [Added](#added-2)
16
- - [Deprecated](#deprecated-1)
17
- - [Fixed](#fixed)
27
+ - [Added](#added-6)
28
+ - [Deprecated](#deprecated-2)
29
+ - [Fixed](#fixed-1)
18
30
  - [3.1.0 (2020-07-08)](#310-2020-07-08)
19
- - [Added](#added-3)
31
+ - [Added](#added-7)
20
32
  - [3.0.0 (2020-06-25)](#300-2020-06-25)
21
33
  - [Breaking Changes](#breaking-changes-1)
22
- - [Added](#added-4)
34
+ - [Added](#added-8)
23
35
  - [2.3.0 (2020-06-24)](#230-2020-06-24)
24
- - [Added](#added-5)
36
+ - [Added](#added-9)
25
37
  - [2.2.0 (2020-06-23)](#220-2020-06-23)
26
- - [Added](#added-6)
38
+ - [Added](#added-10)
27
39
  - [2.1.0 (2020-05-12)](#210-2020-05-12)
28
- - [Added](#added-7)
40
+ - [Added](#added-11)
29
41
  - [Breaking Changes](#breaking-changes-2)
30
42
  - [2.0.0 (2020-05-07)](#200-2020-05-07)
31
- - [Added](#added-8)
43
+ - [Added](#added-12)
32
44
  - [Breaking Changes](#breaking-changes-3)
33
45
  - [Removed](#removed-1)
34
46
  - [1.9.0 (2020-05-06)](#190-2020-05-06)
35
- - [Added](#added-9)
47
+ - [Added](#added-13)
36
48
  - [1.8.0 (2020-05-03)](#180-2020-05-03)
37
- - [Added](#added-10)
49
+ - [Added](#added-14)
38
50
  - [1.7.0 (2020-05-03)](#170-2020-05-03)
39
- - [Fixed](#fixed-1)
51
+ - [Fixed](#fixed-2)
40
52
  - [1.6.0 (2020-04-17)](#160-2020-04-17)
41
- - [Added](#added-11)
42
- - [Changes](#changes)
53
+ - [Added](#added-15)
54
+ - [Changes](#changes-1)
43
55
  - [1.5.0 (2020-04-12)](#150-2020-04-12)
44
- - [Added](#added-12)
56
+ - [Added](#added-16)
45
57
  - [1.4.0 (2020-04-12)](#140-2020-04-12)
46
- - [Added](#added-13)
58
+ - [Added](#added-17)
47
59
  - [1.3.0 (2020-04-12)](#130-2020-04-12)
48
- - [Added](#added-14)
60
+ - [Added](#added-18)
49
61
  - [1.2.0 (2020-04-12)](#120-2020-04-12)
50
- - [Added](#added-15)
62
+ - [Added](#added-19)
51
63
  - [1.1.0 (2020-04-09)](#110-2020-04-09)
52
- - [Added](#added-16)
53
- - [Fixed](#fixed-2)
64
+ - [Added](#added-20)
65
+ - [Fixed](#fixed-3)
54
66
  - [1.0.0 (2020-03-16)](#100-2020-03-16)
55
- - [Added](#added-17)
67
+ - [Added](#added-21)
56
68
  - [0.6.0 (2020-01-06)](#060-2020-01-06)
57
- - [Added](#added-18)
69
+ - [Added](#added-22)
58
70
  - [0.5.0 (2020-01-04)](#050-2020-01-04)
59
- - [Added](#added-19)
71
+ - [Added](#added-23)
60
72
  - [0.4.0 (2020-01-03)](#040-2020-01-03)
61
- - [Added](#added-20)
73
+ - [Added](#added-24)
62
74
  - [0.3.0 (2020-01-03)](#030-2020-01-03)
63
- - [Added](#added-21)
75
+ - [Added](#added-25)
64
76
  - [Breaking Changes](#breaking-changes-4)
65
77
  - [0.2.0 (2020-01-02)](#020-2020-01-02)
66
- - [Added](#added-22)
78
+ - [Added](#added-26)
67
79
  - [0.1.0 (2019-12-26)](#010-2019-12-26)
68
- - [Added](#added-23)
80
+ - [Added](#added-27)
69
81
 
70
82
  ## Unreleased
71
83
 
@@ -77,6 +89,483 @@ This project follows [semver 2.0.0](http://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html) and the
77
89
  ### Fixed
78
90
  -->
79
91
 
92
+ 5.5.0 (2021-04-05)
93
+ ------------------
94
+
95
+ ### Added
96
+
97
+ * [#56](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/56) - Add `Kind.or_nil()`.
98
+ ```ruby
99
+ Kind.or_nil(String, 1) # nil
100
+
101
+ Kind.or_nil(String, '') # ""
102
+
103
+ # --
104
+
105
+ filled_string = ->(value) { value.is_a?(String) && !value.empty? }
106
+
107
+ Kind.or_nil(filled_string, 1) # nil
108
+ Kind.or_nil(filled_string, '') # nil
109
+
110
+ Kind.or_nil(filled_string, '1') # "1"
111
+ ```
112
+
113
+ [⬆️  Back to Top](#changelog-)
114
+
115
+ 5.4.1 (2021-03-26)
116
+ ------------------
117
+
118
+ ### Fixed
119
+
120
+ * [#55](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/55) - Fix `Kind::Either::Left#value_or` and `Kind::Result::Failure#value_or` by allowing them to receive the value of the monad in a call using a block.
121
+
122
+ [⬆️  Back to Top](#changelog-)
123
+
124
+ 5.4.0 (2021-03-25)
125
+ ------------------
126
+
127
+ ### Added
128
+
129
+ * [#54](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/54) - Add `Kind::Functional::Steps` to allow the usage of `Step`, `Map`, `Try`, `Tee`, `Check`, `Success` and `Failure` in any kind of object.
130
+ ```ruby
131
+ # Usage in classes' instances
132
+
133
+ class BaseJob
134
+ def self.perform_now(input); new.perform(input); end
135
+
136
+ def perform(input); raise NotImplementedError; end
137
+ end
138
+
139
+ class CreateUserJob < BaseJob
140
+ include Kind::Functional::Steps
141
+
142
+ def perform(input)
143
+ validate(input) \
144
+ >> Step(:create) \
145
+ >> Step(:welcome_email)
146
+ end
147
+
148
+ private
149
+
150
+ def validate(input)
151
+ # Success() or Failure()
152
+ end
153
+
154
+ def create(input)
155
+ # Success() or Failure()
156
+ end
157
+
158
+ def welcome_email(email)
159
+ # Success() or Failure()
160
+ end
161
+ end
162
+
163
+ # Usage in modules (singleton methods)
164
+
165
+ module CreateUser
166
+ extend self, Kind::Functional::Steps
167
+
168
+ def perform(input)
169
+ Step!(:validate, input) \
170
+ >> Step(:create) \
171
+ >> Step(:welcome_email)
172
+ end
173
+
174
+ private
175
+
176
+ def validate(input)
177
+ # Success() or Failure()
178
+ end
179
+
180
+ def create(input)
181
+ # Success() or Failure()
182
+ end
183
+
184
+ def welcome_email(email)
185
+ # Success() or Failure()
186
+ end
187
+ end
188
+ ```
189
+
190
+ [⬆️ &nbsp;Back to Top](#changelog-)
191
+
192
+ 5.3.0 (2021-03-23)
193
+ ------------------
194
+
195
+ ### Added
196
+
197
+ * [#53](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/53) - Allow `Kind::Result#map` and `Kind::Result#map!` receive a callable as an argument.
198
+
199
+ * [#53](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/53) - Add `|` and `>>` as an alias of `Kind::Result#map!`.
200
+
201
+ * [#53](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/53) - Add step adapters for `Kind::Action` and `Kind::Functional::Action`. This is the list of methods: `Step`, `Map`, `Try`, `Tee`, `Check`.
202
+ ```ruby
203
+ module CreateUser
204
+ extend Kind::Functional::Action
205
+
206
+ def call!(input)
207
+ Step!(:validate, input) \
208
+ | Step(:create)
209
+ end
210
+
211
+ private
212
+
213
+ def validate(input)
214
+ # returns Success(valid_data) or Failure(validation)
215
+ end
216
+
217
+ def create(input)
218
+ # returns Success(user)
219
+ end
220
+ end
221
+ ```
222
+
223
+ * [#53](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/53) - Add `kind/strict/disabled` to turn off all of the strict validations and optimize the runtime. Use case: As strict validation is useful in development, this mechanism could be used to optimize the runtime in production. List of methods that will be disabled:
224
+ * `Kind.of()`
225
+ * `Kind.of_class()`
226
+ * `Kind.of_module()`
227
+ * `Kind.of_module_or_class()`
228
+ * `Kind::<Type>[1]`
229
+ * `Kind::NotNil[1]`
230
+
231
+ [⬆️ &nbsp;Back to Top](#changelog-)
232
+
233
+ 5.2.0 (2021-03-17)
234
+ ------------------
235
+
236
+ ### Added
237
+
238
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind.respond_to?`. This method has two different behaviors, when it receives just one argument it will behave like the native Ruby's
239
+ `respond_to?` method, that is, it will check if the `Kind` method implements some method. But if it receives two arguments, the first one will be the object, and the others (one or more) will be a list of method names that will be used to check if the given object implements them. e.g.
240
+ ```ruby
241
+ Kind.respond_to?(:is?) # true
242
+
243
+ Kind.respond_to?(:foo?) # true
244
+
245
+ # --
246
+
247
+ Kind.respond_to?({}, :fetch, :merge) # true
248
+
249
+ Kind.respond_to?([], :fetch, :merge) # false
250
+ ```
251
+
252
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::UnionType`. This class allows the creation of an object that knows how to compare a value through different kinds of types. e.g.
253
+ ```ruby
254
+ # The method [] can build a union type object that will have the method #|
255
+ # which allows the composition with other object kinds.
256
+ array_or_hash = Kind::UnionType[Array] | Hash
257
+
258
+ # The method === can verify if a given value is one of the kinds that compounds the union type.
259
+ array_or_hash === {} # true
260
+ array_or_hash === [] # true
261
+ array_or_hash === 1 # false
262
+ array_or_hash === nil # false
263
+
264
+ # The method #[] will return the given value if it has one of the expected kinds,
265
+ # but if not, it will raise a Kind::Error.
266
+ array_or_hash[{}] # {}
267
+
268
+ array_or_hash[1] # Kind::Error (1 expected to be a kind of (Array | Hash))
269
+
270
+ # At last, the method #name is an alias to the method #inspect.
271
+ array_or_hash.name # "(Array | Hash)"
272
+ array_or_hash.inspect # "(Array | Hash)"
273
+ ```
274
+
275
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::Nil`. This module was added to be used to create union types. e.g.
276
+ ```ruby
277
+ hash_or_nil = Kind::UnionType[Hash] | Kind::Nil
278
+
279
+ hash_or_nil === {} # true
280
+ hash_or_nil === [] # false
281
+ hash_or_nil === 1 # false
282
+ hash_or_nil === nil # true
283
+ ```
284
+
285
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46), [#47](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/47) - Add `Kind::NotNil`. This module was added to perform a strict verification where the given value will be returned if it is not nil, and if not, a `Kind::Error` will be raised. e.g.
286
+ ```ruby
287
+ Kind::NotNil[1] # 1
288
+
289
+ Kind::NotNil[nil] # Kind::Error (expected to not be nil)
290
+
291
+ Kind::NotNil[nil, label: 'Foo#bar'] # Kind::Error (Foo#bar: expected to not be nil)
292
+ ```
293
+
294
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::RespondTo` to create objects that know how to verify if a given object implements one or more expected methods.
295
+ ```ruby
296
+ HashLike = Kind::RespondTo[:fetch, :merge!]
297
+ Fetchable = Kind::RespondTo[:fetch]
298
+
299
+ # Verifying if an object implements the expected interface.
300
+ HashLike === ENV # true
301
+ HashLike === {} # true
302
+ HashLike === [] # false
303
+
304
+ Fetchable === ENV # true
305
+ Fetchable === [] # true
306
+ Fetchable === {} # true
307
+
308
+ # Performing an strict verification
309
+ HashLike[ENV] # true
310
+ HashLike[{}] # true
311
+ HashLike[Array.new] # false Kind::Error ([] expected to be a kind of Kind::RespondTo[:fetch, :merge!])
312
+
313
+ # Creating union types using interfaces
314
+ HashLikeOrArray = HashLike | Array # Kind::RespondTo[:fetch, :merge!] | Array
315
+
316
+ HashLikeOrArray === {} # true
317
+ HashLikeOrArray === [] # true
318
+ HashLikeOrArray === ENV # true
319
+ ```
320
+
321
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Unfreeze the output of `Kind::Boolean.kind`.
322
+
323
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Freeze `Kind::UNDEFINED` and define its inspect method.
324
+
325
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::TypeChecker#|` to allow the creation of union types.
326
+ ```ruby
327
+ StatusLabel = Kind::String | Kind::Symbol
328
+
329
+ StatusLabel === :ok # true
330
+ StatusLabel === 'ok' # true
331
+ StatusLabel === true # false
332
+ ```
333
+
334
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Allow `Kind.of()` and `Kind::TypeChecker#[]` receive a label.
335
+ ```ruby
336
+ # Kind.of(<Type>, value, label:)
337
+ class Person
338
+ attr_reader :name
339
+
340
+ def initialize(name:)
341
+ @name = Kind.of(String, name, label: 'Person#name')
342
+ end
343
+ end
344
+
345
+ Person.new(name: 'Rodrigo') # #<Person:0x0000... @name="Rodrigo">
346
+ Person.new(name: :ok) # Kind::Error (Person#name: :ok expected to be a kind of String)
347
+
348
+ # Kind<Type>[value, label:]
349
+ class User
350
+ attr_reader :name
351
+
352
+ def initialize(name:)
353
+ @name = Kind::String[name, label: 'User#name']
354
+ end
355
+ end
356
+
357
+ User.new(name: 'Rodrigo') # #<User:0x0000... @name="Rodrigo">
358
+ User.new(name: :ok) # Kind::Error (User#name: :ok expected to be a kind of String)
359
+ ```
360
+
361
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Create `kind/basic` to expose a small set of features to do type handling/verification. This is util if you want to make use only of these features instead of all of the others that are loaded via `require "kind"`. So, use `require "kind/basic"` if you only want these features:
362
+ * `Kind.is?`
363
+ * `Kind.of`
364
+ * `Kind.of?`
365
+ * `Kind.of_class?`
366
+ * `Kind.of_module?`
367
+ * `Kind.of_module_or_class`
368
+ * `Kind.respond_to`
369
+ * `Kind.respond_to?`
370
+ * `Kind.value`
371
+ * `Kind::Error`
372
+ * `Kind::Undefined`
373
+
374
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Improve `Kind::Maybe`.
375
+ * Improve the `#inspect` output.
376
+ * Make `Kind::Maybe.{new,[],wrap}` return `None` if they receive an exception instance.
377
+ * Add `#accept` as an alias of `#check` method.
378
+ * Add `#reject` as the reverse of the methods `#check` and `#accept`.
379
+ * Allow the methods `#map`, `#map!`, `#then`, `#then!`, `#check`, `#accept`, `#reject` to receive one symbol as an argument, it will be used to perform the correspondent method in the `Maybe` value, so if the object responds to the expected method a `Some` will be returned.
380
+ * Add `Kind::Maybe#on`, this method allows you to use a block where will be possible to define a `Some` or `None` handling. The output of the matched result (some or none) will be the block's output.
381
+ ```ruby
382
+ # Kind::Maybe#accept (an alias of Kind::Maybe#check)
383
+ Kind::Maybe[1].accept(&:odd?) # #<Kind::Some value=1>
384
+ Kind::Maybe[1].accept(&:even?) # #<Kind::None value=nil>
385
+
386
+ # Kind::Maybe#reject (the reverse of Kind::Maybe#check)
387
+ Kind::Maybe[1].reject(&:odd?) # #<Kind::None value=nil>
388
+ Kind::Maybe[1].reject(&:even?) # #<Kind::Some value=1>
389
+
390
+ # Passing one symbol as an argument of the methods: `#map`, `#then`, `#check`, `#accept`, `#reject`
391
+ Kind::Maybe['1'].map(:to_i) # #<Kind::Some value=1>
392
+ Kind::Maybe[' '].then(:strip) # #<Kind::Some value="">
393
+
394
+ Kind::Maybe['1'].map!(:to_i).accept(:odd?) # #<Kind::Some value=1>
395
+ Kind::Maybe[' '].then!(:strip).reject(:empty?) # #<Kind::None value=nil>
396
+
397
+ # `Kind::Maybe#on` making use of a block to handle Some or None results.
398
+ number = Kind::Maybe['2'].then(:to_i).reject(:even?).on do |result|
399
+ result.none { 0 }
400
+ result.some { 1 }
401
+ end
402
+
403
+ p number # 0
404
+ ```
405
+
406
+ [⬆️ &nbsp;Back to Top](#changelog-)
407
+
408
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::Either` (either monad). This is basically the same as the `Maybe` monad, but with `Some` called `Right` and `None` called `Left`. But this time, `Left` is also allowed to have an underlying value. This module isn't loaded by default, so you will need to require it.
409
+ ```ruby
410
+ require 'kind/either'
411
+
412
+ # Use the methods Kind::Left() or Kind::Right() to create either monads
413
+ Kind::Left(0) # #<Kind::Left value=0>
414
+ Kind::Right(1) # #<Kind::Right value=1>
415
+
416
+ # The Kind::Either.new() or Kind::Either[] also creates a Kind::Right monad
417
+ Kind::Either.new(2) # #<Kind::Right value=2>
418
+ Kind::Either[3] # #<Kind::Right value=3>
419
+
420
+ # An Either has methods that allow you to know what kind it is.
421
+ monad = Kind::Right(1)
422
+ monad.right? # true
423
+ monad.left? # false
424
+
425
+ # This monad allows you to chain a sequence of operations that will continue while the output
426
+ # of each step is a Right monad. So, if some step return a Left, all of the next steps will be avoided.
427
+ # Let's see an example of how you can use the method #map to define a sequence of operations.
428
+
429
+ def do_some_calculation(arg)
430
+ Kind::Right(arg)
431
+ .map { |value| Kind::Numeric?(value) ? Kind::Right(value + 2) : Kind::Left('value must be numeric') }
432
+ .map { |value| value.odd? ? Kind::Right(value) : Kind::Left('value can\'t be even') }
433
+ .map { |value| Kind::Right(value * 3) }
434
+ end
435
+
436
+ do_some_calculation('1') # #<Kind::Left value="value must be numeric">
437
+ do_some_calculation(2) # #<Kind::Left value="value can't be even">
438
+ do_some_calculation(1) # #<Kind::Right value=9>
439
+
440
+ # You can use procs/lambdas as an alternative of blocks
441
+ Add = ->(a, b) do
442
+ return Kind::Right(a + b) if Kind::Numeric?(a, b)
443
+
444
+ Kind::Left('the arguments must be numerics')
445
+ end
446
+
447
+ Double = ->(number) do
448
+ return Kind::Right(number * 2) if Kind::Numeric?(number)
449
+
450
+ Kind::Left('the argument must be numeric')
451
+ end
452
+
453
+ AsString = ->(value) { Kind::Right(value.to_s) }
454
+
455
+ Add.(1, 2).map(&Double).map(&Double) # #<Kind::Right value=12>
456
+ Add.(1, 2).map(&AsString).map(&Double) # #<Kind::Left value="the argument must be numeric">
457
+
458
+ # The method #then is an alias for #map
459
+ Add.(2, 2).then(&Double).then(&AsString) # #<Kind::Right value="8">
460
+
461
+ # An exception will occur when your block or lambda doesn't return a Kind::Either
462
+ Add.(2, 2).map { |number| number * 2 } # Kind::Monad::Error (8 expected to be a kind of Kind::Right | Kind::Left)
463
+
464
+ # The methods #map, #then auto handle StandardError exceptions,
465
+ # so Left will be returned when an exception occur.
466
+ Add.(0, 0).map { |number| Kind::Right(10 / number) } # #<Kind::Left value=#<ZeroDivisionError: divided by 0>>
467
+
468
+ # You can use #map! or #then! if you don't want this auto exception handling.
469
+ Add.(0, 0).map! { |number| Kind::Right(10 / number) } # ZeroDivisionError (divided by 0)
470
+
471
+ Add.(0, 0).then! { |number| Kind::Right(10 / number) } # ZeroDivisionError (divided by 0)
472
+ ```
473
+
474
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::Result` (an Either monad variation)
475
+
476
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::Function`.
477
+
478
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::Functional`.
479
+
480
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::Try.presence` and improve the input/output handling of `Kind::Try.call`.
481
+
482
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46) - Add `Kind::Dig.presence` and improve the input/output handling of `Kind::Dig.call`.
483
+
484
+ * [#47](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/47) - Add `Kind.is!`
485
+
486
+ * [#47](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/47) - Create aliases to the methods `Kind.of` (`Kind.of!`) and `Kind.respond_to` (`Kind.respond_to!`)
487
+
488
+ * [#47](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/47) - Add `Kind[]` as the `Kind::Of()` substitute.
489
+
490
+ * [#49](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/49) - Add `Kind::Either::Methods` and `Kind::Result::Methods`
491
+
492
+ * [#49](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/49) - Add `Kind::Undefined.empty?`
493
+
494
+ * [#50](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/50) - Add `Kind::<Type>.empty_or` as an alias of `Kind::<Type>.value_or_empty`
495
+
496
+ * [#46](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/46), [#51](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/51) - Add `Kind::Functional::Action`.
497
+
498
+ * [#51](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/51) - Add `Kind::Action`.
499
+
500
+ * [#51](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/51) - Add `Kind::Maybe::ImmutableAttributes`.
501
+
502
+ * [#51](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/51) - Add `Kind::Maybe::Methods`.
503
+
504
+ * [#51](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/51) - Add `Kind::Enum`.
505
+
506
+ * [#51](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/51) - Modularize all the kind components. So now you can require only the modules/features that do you want, `kind/action` is the minimal requirement for all of them.
507
+ * `kind/action`
508
+ * `kind/dig`
509
+ * `kind/either`
510
+ * `kind/empty`
511
+ * `kind/enum`
512
+ * `kind/function`
513
+ * `kind/functional`
514
+ * `kind/functional/action`
515
+ * `kind/immutable_attributes`
516
+ * `kind/maybe`
517
+ * `kind/objects`
518
+ * `kind/presence`
519
+ * `kind/result`
520
+ * `kind/try`
521
+ * `kind/validator`
522
+
523
+ * [#52](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/52) - Improve `Kind::Validator`, now will be possible to make use of `lambdas` or objects that responds to `.===` and `.name` to perform a kind validation. e.g.
524
+ ```ruby
525
+ class User
526
+ include ActiveModel::Validations
527
+
528
+ attr_reader :name, :bool
529
+
530
+ FilledString = ->(value) { value.kind_of?(String) && !value.empty? }
531
+
532
+ Bool = Object.new
533
+ def Bool.===(value)
534
+ value == true || value == false
535
+ end
536
+ def Bool.name; 'Bool'; end
537
+
538
+ validates :name, kind: FilledString
539
+ validates :bool, kind: Bool
540
+
541
+ def initialize(name:, bool:)
542
+ @name, @bool = name, bool
543
+ end
544
+ end
545
+
546
+ user = User.new(name: '', bool: 1)
547
+
548
+ user.valid? # true
549
+ user.errors[:name] # ['invalid kind']
550
+ user.errors[:bool] # ['must be a kind of Bool']
551
+
552
+ User.new(name: 'Serradura', bool: true).valid? # true
553
+ ```
554
+
555
+ * [#52](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/52) - Add `Kind::Enum.===`.
556
+
557
+ ### Deprecated
558
+
559
+ * [#47](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/47) - Deprecate `Kind.is` and `Kind::Of()`.
560
+
561
+ * [#48](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/48) - Deprecate `Kind::Maybe()` and `Kind::Optional()`
562
+
563
+ ### Changes
564
+
565
+ * [#48](https://github.com/serradura/kind/pull/48) - Rename `Kind::TypeChecker` to `Kind::Object` and `Kind::TypeChecker::Object` to `Kind::Object::Instance`.
566
+
567
+ [⬆️ &nbsp;Back to Top](#changelog-)
568
+
80
569
  5.1.0 (2021-02-23)
81
570
  ------------------
82
571