kernaux 0.3.0

data/ext/default/ntoa.c

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+#include <kernaux.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_UTOA
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_utoa(VALUE self, VALUE number, VALUE base);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_ITOA
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_itoa(VALUE self, VALUE number, VALUE base);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_UTOA10
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_utoa10(VALUE self, VALUE number);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_ITOA10
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_itoa10(VALUE self, VALUE number);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_UTOA16
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_utoa16(VALUE self, VALUE number);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_ITOA16
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_itoa16(VALUE self, VALUE number);
+#endif
+
+static ID rb_intern_LESS = Qnil;
+static ID rb_intern_b = Qnil;
+static ID rb_intern_B = Qnil;
+static ID rb_intern_freeze = Qnil;
+static ID rb_intern_h = Qnil;
+static ID rb_intern_H = Qnil;
+static ID rb_intern_o = Qnil;
+static ID rb_intern_O = Qnil;
+static ID rb_intern_d = Qnil;
+static ID rb_intern_D = Qnil;
+static ID rb_intern_x = Qnil;
+static ID rb_intern_X = Qnil;
+
+static VALUE rb_KernAux = Qnil;
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_Error = Qnil;
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_InvalidNtoaBaseError = Qnil;
+
+#if defined(HAVE_KERNAUX_UTOA) || defined(HAVE_KERNAUX_ITOA)
+static int convert_base(VALUE base);
+#endif
+
+void init_ntoa()
+{
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(ID2SYM(rb_intern_LESS   = rb_intern("<")));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(ID2SYM(rb_intern_b      = rb_intern("b")));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(ID2SYM(rb_intern_B      = rb_intern("B")));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(ID2SYM(rb_intern_freeze = rb_intern("freeze")));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(ID2SYM(rb_intern_h      = rb_intern("h")));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(ID2SYM(rb_intern_H      = rb_intern("H")));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(ID2SYM(rb_intern_o      = rb_intern("o")));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(ID2SYM(rb_intern_O      = rb_intern("O")));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(ID2SYM(rb_intern_d      = rb_intern("d")));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(ID2SYM(rb_intern_D      = rb_intern("D")));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(ID2SYM(rb_intern_x      = rb_intern("x")));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(ID2SYM(rb_intern_X      = rb_intern("X")));
+
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_KernAux = rb_define_module("KernAux"));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_KernAux_Error =
+        rb_define_class_under(rb_KernAux, "Error", rb_eRuntimeError));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_KernAux_InvalidNtoaBaseError =
+        rb_define_class_under(rb_KernAux, "InvalidNtoaBaseError",
+                              rb_KernAux_Error));
+
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_UTOA
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_KernAux, "utoa", rb_KernAux_utoa, 2);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_ITOA
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_KernAux, "itoa", rb_KernAux_itoa, 2);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_UTOA10
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_KernAux, "utoa10", rb_KernAux_utoa10, 1);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_ITOA10
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_KernAux, "itoa10", rb_KernAux_itoa10, 1);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_UTOA16
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_KernAux, "utoa16", rb_KernAux_utoa16, 1);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_ITOA16
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_KernAux, "itoa16", rb_KernAux_itoa16, 1);
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_UTOA
+VALUE rb_KernAux_utoa(
+    const VALUE self_rb __attribute__((unused)),
+    const VALUE number_rb,
+    const VALUE base_rb
+) {
+    RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(number_rb);
+    if (rb_funcall(number_rb, rb_intern_LESS, 1, INT2FIX(0))) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert negative number to uint64_t");
+    }
+    char buffer[KERNAUX_UTOA_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    kernaux_utoa(NUM2ULL(number_rb), buffer, convert_base(base_rb));
+    return rb_funcall(rb_str_new2(buffer), rb_intern_freeze, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_ITOA
+VALUE rb_KernAux_itoa(
+    const VALUE self_rb __attribute__((unused)),
+    const VALUE number_rb,
+    const VALUE base_rb
+) {
+    RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(number_rb);
+    char buffer[KERNAUX_ITOA_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    kernaux_itoa(NUM2LL(number_rb), buffer, convert_base(base_rb));
+    return rb_funcall(rb_str_new2(buffer), rb_intern_freeze, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_UTOA10
+VALUE rb_KernAux_utoa10(
+    const VALUE self_rb __attribute__((unused)),
+    const VALUE number_rb
+) {
+    RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(number_rb);
+    if (rb_funcall(number_rb, rb_intern_LESS, 1, INT2FIX(0))) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert negative number to uint64_t");
+    }
+    char buffer[KERNAUX_UTOA10_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    kernaux_utoa10(NUM2ULL(number_rb), buffer);
+    return rb_funcall(rb_str_new2(buffer), rb_intern_freeze, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_ITOA10
+VALUE rb_KernAux_itoa10(
+    const VALUE self_rb __attribute__((unused)),
+    const VALUE number_rb
+) {
+    RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(number_rb);
+    char buffer[KERNAUX_ITOA10_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    kernaux_itoa10(NUM2LL(number_rb), buffer);
+    return rb_funcall(rb_str_new2(buffer), rb_intern_freeze, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_UTOA16
+VALUE rb_KernAux_utoa16(
+    const VALUE self_rb __attribute__((unused)),
+    const VALUE number_rb
+) {
+    RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(number_rb);
+    if (rb_funcall(number_rb, rb_intern_LESS, 1, INT2FIX(0))) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "can't convert negative number to uint64_t");
+    }
+    char buffer[KERNAUX_UTOA16_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    kernaux_utoa16(NUM2ULL(number_rb), buffer);
+    return rb_funcall(rb_str_new2(buffer), rb_intern_freeze, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_ITOA16
+VALUE rb_KernAux_itoa16(
+    const VALUE self_rb __attribute__((unused)),
+    const VALUE number_rb
+) {
+    RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(number_rb);
+    char buffer[KERNAUX_ITOA16_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    kernaux_itoa16(NUM2LL(number_rb), buffer);
+    return rb_funcall(rb_str_new2(buffer), rb_intern_freeze, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE_KERNAUX_UTOA) || defined(HAVE_KERNAUX_ITOA)
+int convert_base(const VALUE base_rb)
+{
+    if (TYPE(base_rb) == T_SYMBOL) {
+        const ID base_id = SYM2ID(base_rb);
+        if      (base_id == rb_intern_b) return 'b';
+        else if (base_id == rb_intern_B) return 'B';
+        else if (base_id == rb_intern_h) return 'h';
+        else if (base_id == rb_intern_H) return 'H';
+        else if (base_id == rb_intern_o) return 'o';
+        else if (base_id == rb_intern_O) return 'O';
+        else if (base_id == rb_intern_d) return 'd';
+        else if (base_id == rb_intern_D) return 'D';
+        else if (base_id == rb_intern_x) return 'x';
+        else if (base_id == rb_intern_X) return 'X';
+        else {
+            rb_raise(rb_KernAux_InvalidNtoaBaseError, "invalid base");
+        }
+    } else {
+        return NUM2INT(base_rb);
+    }
+}
+#endif

data/ext/default/printf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#include <kernaux.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#include "dynarg.h"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_KERNAUX_SNPRINTF
+
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_snprintf1(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
+
+static ID rb_intern_freeze = Qnil;
+static VALUE rb_KernAux = Qnil;
+
+void init_printf()
+{
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(ID2SYM(rb_intern_freeze = rb_intern("freeze")));
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_KernAux = rb_define_module("KernAux"));
+
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_KernAux, "snprintf1",
+                               rb_KernAux_snprintf1, -1);
+}
+
+// TODO: is this implementation correct?
+// FIXME: rewrite to ensure no memory leak on exception.
+VALUE rb_KernAux_snprintf1(
+    const int argc,
+    const VALUE *const argv_rb,
+    const VALUE self __attribute__((unused))
+) {
+    if (argc < 2 || argc > 5) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "expected 2, 3, 4 or 5 args");
+
+    const VALUE size_rb = argv_rb[0];
+    VALUE format_rb = argv_rb[1];
+
+    const int size = NUM2INT(size_rb);
+    const char *const format = StringValueCStr(format_rb);
+
+    if (size < 0) rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "expected non-negative size");
+
+    const char *fmt = format;
+
+    while (*fmt && *fmt != '%') ++fmt;
+    if (*(fmt++) != '%') rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid format");
+
+    struct KernAux_PrintfFmt_Spec spec = KernAux_PrintfFmt_Spec_create();
+
+    fmt = KernAux_PrintfFmt_Spec_parse(&spec, fmt);
+
+    while (*fmt) {
+        if (*(fmt++) == '%') rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid format");
+    }
+
+    int arg_index = 2;
+    if (spec.set_width && argc > arg_index) {
+        KernAux_PrintfFmt_Spec_set_width(&spec, NUM2INT(argv_rb[arg_index++]));
+    }
+    if (spec.set_precision && argc > arg_index) {
+        KernAux_PrintfFmt_Spec_set_precision(&spec, NUM2INT(argv_rb[arg_index++]));
+    }
+
+    struct DynArg dynarg = DynArg_create();
+    if (argc > arg_index) {
+        VALUE arg_rb = argv_rb[arg_index];
+
+        if (spec.type == KERNAUX_PRINTF_FMT_TYPE_INT) {
+            RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(arg_rb);
+            DynArg_use_long_long(&dynarg, NUM2LL(arg_rb));
+        } else if (spec.type == KERNAUX_PRINTF_FMT_TYPE_UINT) {
+            RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(arg_rb);
+            DynArg_use_unsigned_long_long(&dynarg, NUM2ULL(arg_rb));
+        } else if (spec.type == KERNAUX_PRINTF_FMT_TYPE_FLOAT ||
+                   spec.type == KERNAUX_PRINTF_FMT_TYPE_EXP)
+        {
+            RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(arg_rb);
+            DynArg_use_double(&dynarg, NUM2DBL(arg_rb));
+        } else if (spec.type == KERNAUX_PRINTF_FMT_TYPE_CHAR) {
+            Check_Type(arg_rb, T_STRING);
+            DynArg_use_char(&dynarg, *StringValuePtr(arg_rb));
+        } else if (spec.type == KERNAUX_PRINTF_FMT_TYPE_STR) {
+            Check_Type(arg_rb, T_STRING);
+            DynArg_use_str(&dynarg, StringValueCStr(arg_rb));
+        }
+    }
+
+    char *const str = malloc(size);
+    if (!str) rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "snprintf1 buffer malloc");
+
+    int slen;
+    if (spec.set_width) {
+        if (spec.set_precision) {
+            slen = dynarg.use_dbl
+                ? kernaux_snprintf(str, size, format, spec.width, spec.precision, dynarg.dbl)
+                : kernaux_snprintf(str, size, format, spec.width, spec.precision, dynarg.arg);
+        } else {
+            slen = dynarg.use_dbl
+                ? kernaux_snprintf(str, size, format, spec.width, dynarg.dbl)
+                : kernaux_snprintf(str, size, format, spec.width, dynarg.arg);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (spec.set_precision) {
+            slen = dynarg.use_dbl
+                ? kernaux_snprintf(str, size, format, spec.precision, dynarg.dbl)
+                : kernaux_snprintf(str, size, format, spec.precision, dynarg.arg);
+        } else {
+            slen = dynarg.use_dbl
+                ? kernaux_snprintf(str, size, format, dynarg.dbl)
+                : kernaux_snprintf(str, size, format, dynarg.arg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const VALUE output_rb =
+        rb_funcall(rb_str_new2(str), rb_intern_freeze, 0);
+    free(str);
+
+    const VALUE result_rb = rb_ary_new2(2);
+    rb_ary_push(result_rb, output_rb);
+    rb_ary_push(result_rb, INT2NUM(slen));
+    return rb_funcall(result_rb, rb_intern_freeze, 0);
+}
+
+#endif // HAVE_KERNAUX_SNPRINTF

data/kernaux.gemspec

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative 'lib/kernaux/version'
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+  repo = 'https://github.com/tailix/libkernaux'
+  home = "#{repo}/tree/master/pkgs/ruby"
+  bugs = "#{repo}/issues"
+
+  spec.name     = 'kernaux'
+  spec.version  = KernAux::VERSION
+  spec.license  = 'MIT'
+  spec.homepage = home
+  spec.platform = Gem::Platform::RUBY
+
+  spec.required_ruby_version = '~> 3.0'
+
+  spec.authors = ['Alex Kotov']
+  spec.email   = %w[kotovalexarian@gmail.com]
+
+  spec.summary =
+    'Binding to libkernaux - auxiliary library for kernel development'
+
+  spec.description = <<~DESCRIPTION.split("\n").map(&:strip).join ' '
+    Binding to libkernaux - auxiliary library for kernel development.
+  DESCRIPTION
+
+  spec.metadata['homepage_uri']          = home
+  spec.metadata['source_code_uri']       = home
+  spec.metadata['bug_tracker_uri']       = bugs
+  spec.metadata['rubygems_mfa_required'] = 'true'
+
+  spec.bindir        = 'exe'
+  spec.require_paths = ['lib']
+
+  spec.files = Dir.chdir File.expand_path __dir__ do
+    `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject do |f|
+      f.match %r{\A(?:test|spec|features)/}
+    end
+  end
+
+  spec.executables = spec.files.grep(%r{\Aexe/}) { |f| File.basename f }
+
+  spec.extensions << 'ext/default/extconf.rb'
+
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'bundler',             '~> 2.2'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'pry',                 '~> 0.14'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rake',                '~> 13.0'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rake-compiler',       '~> 1.1'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rspec',               '~> 3.10'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rubocop',             '~> 1.25'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rubocop-performance', '~> 1.13'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rubocop-rake',        '~> 0.6'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rubocop-rspec',       '~> 2.7'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'simplecov',           '~> 0.21'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'yard',                '~> 0.9'
+end

data/lib/kernaux/version.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module KernAux
+  # Gem version.
+  VERSION = '0.3.0'
+end

data/lib/kernaux.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative 'kernaux/version'
+
+# Native extensions
+require_relative 'kernaux/default'
+
+##
+# Binding to [libkernaux](https://github.com/tailix/libkernaux) - auxiliary
+# library for kernel development.
+#
+module KernAux
+  # Default callback for assertions.
+  # @see .assert_cb
+  DEFAULT_ASSERT_CB = @assert_cb = lambda { |file, line, msg|
+    raise AssertError, "#{file}:#{line}:#{msg}"
+  }
+
+  # Buffer size for {.sprintf1}.
+  # @todo Make it dynamic.
+  SPRINTF1_BUFFER_SIZE = 10_000
+
+  # @!scope class
+
+  ##
+  # @!attribute [rw] assert_cb
+  # Panic callback.
+  #
+  # @see .panic
+  # @see .assert_do
+  ##
+
+  ##
+  # Raise assertion with implicit file and line, retrieved from `caller`, and
+  # explicit message.
+  #
+  # @param msg [String] any message
+  # @return [nil]
+  #
+  # @raise [AssertError] if {.assert_cb} have not been changed
+  #
+  # @see .assert_do Explicit file and line.
+  #
+  def self.panic(msg)
+    file, line = caller(1..1).first.split(':')[0..1]
+    assert_do file, Integer(line), msg
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # @!method assert_do(file, line, msg)
+  # Raise assertion with explicit file, line and message.
+  #
+  # @param file [String] file name, usually from `__FILE__`
+  # @param line [Integer] line number, usually from `__LINE__`
+  # @param msg [String] any message
+  # @return [nil]
+  #
+  # @raise [AssertError] if {.assert_cb} have not been changed
+  #
+  # @see .panic Implicit file and line
+
+  # @!parse [ruby]
+
+  if singleton_class.method_defined? :snprintf1
+    ##
+    # Typical `printf`.
+    #
+    # @param args [Array<String,
+    #              Array<(String, Object)>,
+    #              Array<(String, Integer, Object)>>]
+    # @return [String] formatted output
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   KernAux.sprintf 'foo', ['%*s', 5, 'bar'], 'car', ['%d', 123]
+    #   #=> "foo  barcar123"
+    #
+    def self.sprintf(*args)
+      args.map do |arg|
+        if arg.is_a? Array
+          sprintf1(*arg)
+        else
+          arg
+        end
+      end.join.freeze
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # `printf` for single formatting parameter.
+    #
+    # @param format [String] formatting string
+    # @return [String] formatted output
+    #
+    # @see .sprintf Multiple formatting parameters
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   KernAux.sprintf1 '%%'            #=> "%"
+    #   KernAux.sprintf1 '%s', 'foo'     #=> "foo"
+    #   KernAux.sprintf1 '%5s', 'foo'    #=> "  foo"
+    #   KernAux.sprintf1 '%*s', 5, 'foo' #=> "  foo"
+    #
+    def self.sprintf1(format, *args)
+      snprintf1(SPRINTF1_BUFFER_SIZE, format, *args).first
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # @!method snprintf1(buffer_size, format, ...)
+    # `printf` for single formatting parameter with manual buffer size.
+    #
+    # @param buffer_size [Integer] buffer size (including terminating null
+    #   character)
+    # @param format [String] formatting string
+    # @return [Array<(String, Integer)>] formatted output and it's size
+    #
+    # @see .sprintf1 Automatic buffer size
+    ##
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # @!method cmdline(str)
+  # Parse command line.
+  #
+  # @param str [String] command line string
+  # @return [Array<String>] command line arguments
+  #
+  # @raise [CmdlineError] syntax is invalid
+
+  # @!parse [ruby]
+
+  ##
+  # @!method utoa(number, base)
+  # Convert `uint64_t` to a string in multiple numeral systems.
+  #
+  # Base can be a positive or negative integer between 2 and 36, or a symbol
+  # which is an alias to a valid integer value. Positive integers and lowercase
+  # symbols mean lowercase output when base is greater than 10. Negative
+  # integers and uppercase symbols mean uppercase output when base is greater
+  # than 10. Aliases are: `:b`, `:B` - 2; `:o`, `:O` - 8; `:d`, `:D` - 10; `:h`,
+  # `:x` - 16 (lowercase); `:H`, `:X` - -10 (uppercase).
+  #
+  # @param number [Integer] a number between 0 and `UINT64_MAX`
+  # @param base [Integer, Symbol] base of a numeral system
+  # @return [String]
+  #
+  # @raise [RangeError] number is out of range
+  # @raise [InvalidNtoaBaseError] base is invalid
+  #
+  # @see .itoa Convert signed integers
+  ##
+
+  ##
+  # @!method itoa(number, base)
+  # Convert `int64_t` to a string in multiple numeral systems.
+  #
+  # Base can be a positive or negative integer between 2 and 36, or a symbol
+  # which is an alias to a valid integer value. Positive integers and lowercase
+  # symbols mean lowercase output when base is greater than 10. Negative
+  # integers and uppercase symbols mean uppercase output when base is greater
+  # than 10. Aliases are: `:b`, `:B` - 2; `:o`, `:O` - 8; `:d`, `:D` - 10; `:h`,
+  # `:x` - 16 (lowercase); `:H`, `:X` - -10 (uppercase).
+  #
+  # @param number [Integer] a number between `INT64_MIN` and `INT64_MAX`
+  # @param base [Integer, Symbol] base of a numeral system
+  # @return [String]
+  #
+  # @raise [RangeError] number is out of range
+  # @raise [InvalidNtoaBaseError] base is invalid
+  #
+  # @see .utoa Convert unsigned integers
+  ##
+
+  ##
+  # @!method utoa10(number)
+  # Convert `uint64_t` to a decimal string.
+  #
+  # @param number [Integer] a number between 0 and `UINT64_MAX`
+  # @return [String]
+  #
+  # @raise [RangeError] number is out of range
+  ##
+
+  ##
+  # @!method itoa10(number)
+  # Convert `int64_t` to a decimal string.
+  #
+  # @param number [Integer] a number between `INT64_MIN` and `INT64_MAX`
+  # @return [String]
+  #
+  # @raise [RangeError] number is out of range
+  ##
+
+  ##
+  # @!method utoa16(number)
+  # Convert `uint64_t` to a hexadecimal string.
+  #
+  # @param number [Integer] a number between 0 and `UINT64_MAX`
+  # @return [String]
+  #
+  # @raise [RangeError] number is out of range
+  ##
+
+  ##
+  # @!method itoa16(number)
+  # Convert `int64_t` to a hexadecimal string.
+  #
+  # @param number [Integer] a number between `INT64_MIN` and `INT64_MAX`
+  # @return [String]
+  #
+  # @raise [RangeError] number is out of range
+  ##
+
+  ##
+  # Our base class for runtime errors.
+  #
+  class Error < RuntimeError; end
+
+  ##
+  # Raised when assertion has failed or panic has been called.
+  #
+  # @see .panic
+  # @see .assert_do
+  #
+  class AssertError < Error; end
+
+  ##
+  # Raised when command line parsing goes wrong.
+  #
+  # @see .cmdline
+  #
+  class CmdlineError < Error; end
+
+  ##
+  # Raised when integer base is invalid.
+  #
+  # @see .utoa
+  # @see .itoa
+  #
+  class InvalidNtoaBaseError < Error; end
+end