kbs 0.0.1 → 0.1.0

data/docs/api/engine.md

@@ -0,0 +1,978 @@
+# Engine API Reference
+
+Complete API reference for KBS engine classes.
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [KBS::Engine](#kbsengine) - Core RETE engine
+- [KBS::Blackboard::Engine](#kbsblackboardengine) - Persistent RETE engine with blackboard
+- [Engine Lifecycle](#engine-lifecycle)
+- [Advanced Topics](#advanced-topics)
+
+---
+
+## KBS::Engine
+
+The core RETE II algorithm engine for in-memory fact processing.
+
+### Constructor
+
+#### `initialize()`
+
+Creates a new in-memory RETE engine.
+
+**Parameters**: None
+
+**Returns**: `KBS::Engine` instance
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+require 'kbs'
+
+engine = KBS::Engine.new
+# Engine ready with empty working memory
+```
+
+**Internal State Initialized**:
+- `@working_memory` - WorkingMemory instance
+- `@rules` - Array of registered rules
+- `@alpha_memories` - Hash of pattern → AlphaMemory
+- `@production_nodes` - Hash of rule name → ProductionNode
+- `@root_beta_memory` - Root BetaMemory with dummy token
+
+---
+
+### Public Methods
+
+#### `add_rule(rule)`
+
+Registers a rule and compiles it into the RETE network.
+
+**Parameters**:
+- `rule` (Rule) - Rule object with conditions and action
+
+**Returns**: `nil`
+
+**Side Effects**:
+- Builds alpha memories for each condition pattern
+- Creates join nodes or negation nodes
+- Creates beta memories for partial matches
+- Creates production node for rule
+- Activates existing facts through new network paths
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+rule = KBS::Rule.new(
+  name: "high_temperature",
+  priority: 10,
+  conditions: [
+    KBS::Condition.new(:temperature, { location: "server_room" })
+  ],
+  action: ->(bindings) { puts "Alert: High temperature!" }
+)
+
+engine.add_rule(rule)
+```
+
+**Using DSL**:
+```ruby
+kb = KBS.knowledge_base do
+  rule "high_temperature", priority: 10 do
+    on :temperature, location: "server_room", value: greater_than(80)
+    perform do |bindings|
+      puts "Alert: #{bindings[:location?]} is #{bindings[:value?]}°F"
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+kb.rules.each { |rule| engine.add_rule(rule) }
+```
+
+**Performance Notes**:
+- First rule with a pattern creates alpha memory
+- Subsequent rules sharing patterns reuse alpha memory (network sharing)
+- Cost is O(C) where C is number of conditions in rule
+
+---
+
+#### `add_fact(type, attributes = {})`
+
+Adds a fact to working memory and activates matching alpha memories.
+
+**Parameters**:
+- `type` (Symbol) - Fact type (e.g., `:temperature`, `:order`)
+- `attributes` (Hash) - Fact attributes (default: `{}`)
+
+**Returns**: `KBS::Fact` - The created fact
+
+**Side Effects**:
+- Creates Fact object
+- Adds to working memory
+- Activates all matching alpha memories
+- Propagates through join nodes
+- May create new tokens in beta memories
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+fact = engine.add_fact(:temperature, location: "server_room", value: 85)
+# => #<KBS::Fact:0x00... @type=:temperature @attributes={...}>
+
+# Facts without attributes
+marker = engine.add_fact(:system_ready)
+# => #<KBS::Fact:0x00... @type=:system_ready @attributes={}>
+```
+
+**Thread Safety**: Not thread-safe. Wrap in mutex if adding facts from multiple threads.
+
+**Performance**: O(A × P) where A is number of alpha memories, P is pattern matching cost
+
+---
+
+#### `remove_fact(fact)`
+
+Removes a fact from working memory and deactivates it in alpha memories.
+
+**Parameters**:
+- `fact` (KBS::Fact) - Fact object to remove (must be exact object reference)
+
+**Returns**: `nil`
+
+**Side Effects**:
+- Removes from working memory
+- Deactivates fact in all alpha memories
+- Removes tokens containing this fact
+- May cause negation nodes to re-evaluate
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+fact = engine.add_fact(:temperature, value: 85)
+engine.remove_fact(fact)
+
+# Common pattern: Store fact reference for later removal
+@current_alert = engine.add_fact(:alert, level: "critical")
+# Later...
+engine.remove_fact(@current_alert) if @current_alert
+```
+
+**Important**: You must keep a reference to the fact object to remove it. Finding facts requires inspecting `engine.working_memory.facts`.
+
+**Example - Finding and Removing**:
+```ruby
+# Find all temperature facts
+temp_facts = engine.working_memory.facts.select { |f| f.type == :temperature }
+
+# Remove specific fact
+old_fact = temp_facts.find { |f| f[:timestamp] < Time.now - 3600 }
+engine.remove_fact(old_fact) if old_fact
+```
+
+---
+
+#### `run()`
+
+Executes all activated rules by firing production nodes.
+
+**Parameters**: None
+
+**Returns**: `nil`
+
+**Side Effects**:
+- Fires actions for all tokens in production nodes
+- Rule actions may add/remove facts
+- Rule actions may modify external state
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+engine.add_fact(:temperature, value: 85)
+engine.add_fact(:sensor, status: "active")
+
+# Facts are in working memory but rules haven't fired
+engine.run  # Execute all matching rules
+
+# Rules fire based on priority (highest first within each production)
+```
+
+**Execution Order**:
+- Production nodes fire in arbitrary order (dictionary order by rule name)
+- Within a production node, tokens fire in insertion order
+- For priority-based execution, use `KBS::Blackboard::Engine`
+
+**Example - Multiple Rule Firings**:
+```ruby
+fired_rules = []
+
+kb = KBS.knowledge_base do
+  rule "rule_a", priority: 10 do
+    on :temperature, value: greater_than(80)
+    perform { fired_rules << "rule_a" }
+  end
+
+  rule "rule_b", priority: 20 do
+    on :temperature, value: greater_than(80)
+    perform { fired_rules << "rule_b" }
+  end
+end
+
+kb.rules.each { |r| engine.add_rule(r) }
+engine.add_fact(:temperature, value: 85)
+engine.run
+
+# Both rules fire (priority doesn't affect KBS::Engine execution order)
+puts fired_rules  # => ["rule_a", "rule_b"] or ["rule_b", "rule_a"]
+```
+
+**Best Practice**: Call `run` after batch adding facts:
+```ruby
+# Good - batch facts then run once
+engine.add_fact(:temperature, value: 85)
+engine.add_fact(:humidity, value: 60)
+engine.add_fact(:pressure, value: 1013)
+engine.run
+
+# Avoid - running after each fact (may fire rules prematurely)
+engine.add_fact(:temperature, value: 85)
+engine.run  # Rule may fire with incomplete data
+engine.add_fact(:humidity, value: 60)
+engine.run
+```
+
+---
+
+### Public Attributes
+
+#### `working_memory`
+
+**Type**: `KBS::WorkingMemory`
+
+**Read-only**: Yes (via `attr_reader`)
+
+**Description**: The working memory storing all facts.
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+engine.add_fact(:temperature, value: 85)
+engine.add_fact(:humidity, value: 60)
+
+# Inspect all facts
+puts engine.working_memory.facts.size  # => 2
+
+# Find specific facts
+temps = engine.working_memory.facts.select { |f| f.type == :temperature }
+temps.each do |fact|
+  puts "Temperature: #{fact[:value]}"
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+#### `rules`
+
+**Type**: `Array<KBS::Rule>`
+
+**Read-only**: Yes (via `attr_reader`)
+
+**Description**: All registered rules.
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+puts "Registered rules:"
+engine.rules.each do |rule|
+  puts "  - #{rule.name} (priority: #{rule.priority})"
+  puts "    Conditions: #{rule.conditions.size}"
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+#### `alpha_memories`
+
+**Type**: `Hash<Hash, KBS::AlphaMemory>`
+
+**Read-only**: Yes (via `attr_reader`)
+
+**Description**: Pattern → AlphaMemory mapping.
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+# Inspect alpha memories (useful for debugging)
+engine.alpha_memories.each do |pattern, memory|
+  puts "Pattern: #{pattern}"
+  puts "  Facts: #{memory.facts.size}"
+  puts "  Successors: #{memory.successors.size}"
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+#### `production_nodes`
+
+**Type**: `Hash<Symbol, KBS::ProductionNode>`
+
+**Read-only**: Yes (via `attr_reader`)
+
+**Description**: Rule name → ProductionNode mapping.
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+# Check if a rule is activated
+prod_node = engine.production_nodes[:high_temperature]
+if prod_node && prod_node.tokens.any?
+  puts "Rule 'high_temperature' has #{prod_node.tokens.size} activations"
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+### Observer Pattern
+
+The engine implements the observer pattern to watch fact changes.
+
+#### `update(action, fact)` (Internal)
+
+**Parameters**:
+- `action` (Symbol) - `:add` or `:remove`
+- `fact` (KBS::Fact) - The fact that changed
+
+**Description**: Called automatically by WorkingMemory when facts change. Activates/deactivates alpha memories.
+
+**Example - Custom Observer**:
+```ruby
+class FactLogger
+  def update(action, fact)
+    puts "[#{Time.now}] #{action.upcase}: #{fact.type} #{fact.attributes}"
+  end
+end
+
+logger = FactLogger.new
+engine.working_memory.add_observer(logger)
+
+engine.add_fact(:temperature, value: 85)
+# Output: [2025-01-15 10:30:00] ADD: temperature {:value=>85}
+```
+
+---
+
+## KBS::Blackboard::Engine
+
+Persistent RETE engine with blackboard memory, audit logging, and message queue.
+
+**Inherits**: `KBS::Engine`
+
+**Key Differences from KBS::Engine**:
+- Persistent facts (SQLite, Redis, or Hybrid)
+- Audit trail of all fact changes
+- Message queue for inter-agent communication
+- Transaction support
+- Observer notifications
+- Rule firing logged with bindings
+
+---
+
+### Constructor
+
+#### `initialize(db_path: ':memory:', store: nil)`
+
+Creates a persistent RETE engine with blackboard memory.
+
+**Parameters**:
+- `db_path` (String, optional) - Path to SQLite database (default: `:memory:`)
+- `store` (Store, optional) - Custom persistence store (default: `nil`, uses SQLiteStore)
+
+**Returns**: `KBS::Blackboard::Engine` instance
+
+**Example - In-Memory**:
+```ruby
+engine = KBS::Blackboard::Engine.new
+# Blackboard in RAM (lost on exit)
+```
+
+**Example - SQLite Persistence**:
+```ruby
+engine = KBS::Blackboard::Engine.new(db_path: 'knowledge_base.db')
+# Facts persisted to knowledge_base.db
+```
+
+**Example - Redis Persistence**:
+```ruby
+require 'kbs/blackboard/persistence/redis_store'
+
+store = KBS::Blackboard::Persistence::RedisStore.new(url: 'redis://localhost:6379/0')
+engine = KBS::Blackboard::Engine.new(store: store)
+# Fast, distributed persistence
+```
+
+**Example - Hybrid Persistence**:
+```ruby
+require 'kbs/blackboard/persistence/hybrid_store'
+
+store = KBS::Blackboard::Persistence::HybridStore.new(
+  redis_url: 'redis://localhost:6379/0',
+  db_path: 'audit.db'
+)
+engine = KBS::Blackboard::Engine.new(store: store)
+# Facts in Redis, audit trail in SQLite
+```
+
+---
+
+### Public Methods
+
+#### `add_fact(type, attributes = {})`
+
+Adds a persistent fact to the blackboard.
+
+**Parameters**:
+- `type` (Symbol) - Fact type
+- `attributes` (Hash) - Fact attributes
+
+**Returns**: `KBS::Blackboard::Fact` - Persistent fact with UUID
+
+**Side Effects**:
+- Creates fact with UUID
+- Saves to persistent store
+- Logs to audit trail
+- Activates alpha memories
+- Notifies observers
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+fact = engine.add_fact(:temperature, location: "server_room", value: 85)
+puts fact.uuid  # => "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000"
+
+# Fact persists across restarts
+engine2 = KBS::Blackboard::Engine.new(db_path: 'knowledge_base.db')
+reloaded_facts = engine2.blackboard.get_facts_by_type(:temperature)
+puts reloaded_facts.first[:value]  # => 85
+```
+
+**Difference from KBS::Engine**: Returns `KBS::Blackboard::Fact` (has `.uuid`) instead of `KBS::Fact`.
+
+---
+
+#### `remove_fact(fact)`
+
+Removes a persistent fact from the blackboard.
+
+**Parameters**:
+- `fact` (KBS::Blackboard::Fact) - Fact to remove
+
+**Returns**: `nil`
+
+**Side Effects**:
+- Marks fact as inactive in store
+- Logs removal to audit trail
+- Deactivates in alpha memories
+- Notifies observers
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+fact = engine.add_fact(:temperature, value: 85)
+engine.remove_fact(fact)
+
+# Fact marked inactive but remains in audit trail
+audit = engine.blackboard.audit_log.get_fact_history(fact.uuid)
+puts audit.last[:action]  # => "retract"
+```
+
+---
+
+#### `run()`
+
+Executes activated rules with audit logging.
+
+**Parameters**: None
+
+**Returns**: `nil`
+
+**Side Effects**:
+- Fires rules in production nodes
+- Logs each rule firing to audit trail
+- Records fact UUIDs and variable bindings
+- Marks tokens as fired (prevents duplicate firing)
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+engine.add_rule(my_rule)
+engine.add_fact(:temperature, value: 85)
+engine.run
+
+# Check audit log
+engine.blackboard.audit_log.entries.each do |entry|
+  next unless entry[:event_type] == "rule_fired"
+  puts "Rule #{entry[:rule_name]} fired with bindings: #{entry[:bindings]}"
+end
+```
+
+**Difference from KBS::Engine**:
+- Logs every rule firing
+- Prevents duplicate firing of same token
+- Records variable bindings in audit
+
+---
+
+#### `post_message(sender, topic, content, priority: 0)`
+
+Posts a message to the blackboard message queue.
+
+**Parameters**:
+- `sender` (String) - Sender identifier (e.g., agent name)
+- `topic` (String) - Message topic (channel)
+- `content` (Hash) - Message payload
+- `priority` (Integer, optional) - Message priority (default: 0, higher = more urgent)
+
+**Returns**: `nil`
+
+**Side Effects**:
+- Adds message to queue
+- Persists to store
+- Higher priority messages consumed first
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+# Agent 1 posts message
+engine.post_message(
+  "trading_agent",
+  "orders",
+  { action: "buy", symbol: "AAPL", quantity: 100 },
+  priority: 10
+)
+
+# Agent 2 consumes message
+msg = engine.consume_message("orders", "execution_agent")
+puts msg[:content][:action]  # => "buy"
+puts msg[:sender]  # => "trading_agent"
+```
+
+**Use Cases**:
+- Inter-agent communication
+- Command/event bus
+- Task queues
+- Priority-based scheduling
+
+---
+
+#### `consume_message(topic, consumer)`
+
+Retrieves and removes the highest priority message from a topic.
+
+**Parameters**:
+- `topic` (String) - Topic to consume from
+- `consumer` (String) - Consumer identifier (for audit trail)
+
+**Returns**: `Hash` or `nil` - Message hash with `:id`, `:sender`, `:topic`, `:content`, `:priority`, `:timestamp`, or `nil` if queue empty
+
+**Side Effects**:
+- Removes message from queue
+- Logs consumption to audit trail (if store supports it)
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+# Consumer loop
+loop do
+  msg = engine.consume_message("tasks", "worker_1")
+  break unless msg
+
+  puts "Processing: #{msg[:content][:task_name]} (priority #{msg[:priority]})"
+  # Process message...
+end
+```
+
+**Thread Safety**: Atomic pop operation (PostgreSQL/Redis stores support concurrent consumers)
+
+---
+
+#### `stats()`
+
+Returns blackboard statistics.
+
+**Parameters**: None
+
+**Returns**: `Hash` with keys:
+- `:facts_count` (Integer) - Number of active facts
+- `:messages_count` (Integer) - Number of queued messages (all topics)
+- `:audit_entries_count` (Integer) - Total audit log entries
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+stats = engine.stats
+puts "Facts: #{stats[:facts_count]}"
+puts "Messages: #{stats[:messages_count]}"
+puts "Audit entries: #{stats[:audit_entries_count]}"
+```
+
+**Performance**: May be slow for large databases (counts all rows)
+
+---
+
+### Public Attributes
+
+#### `blackboard`
+
+**Type**: `KBS::Blackboard::Memory`
+
+**Read-only**: Yes (via `attr_reader`)
+
+**Description**: The blackboard memory (also accessible as `working_memory`).
+
+**Example**:
+```ruby
+# Access blackboard components
+engine.blackboard.message_queue.post("agent1", "alerts", { alert: "critical" })
+engine.blackboard.audit_log.entries.last
+engine.blackboard.transaction { engine.add_fact(:order, status: "pending") }
+
+# Get facts by type
+temps = engine.blackboard.get_facts_by_type(:temperature)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Engine Lifecycle
+
+### Typical Flow
+
+```ruby
+# 1. Create engine
+engine = KBS::Blackboard::Engine.new(db_path: 'kb.db')
+
+# 2. Define and register rules
+kb = KBS.knowledge_base do
+  rule "high_temp_alert", priority: 10 do
+    on :temperature, value: greater_than(80)
+    perform do |bindings|
+      puts "Alert! Temperature: #{bindings[:value?]}"
+    end
+  end
+end
+kb.rules.each { |r| engine.add_rule(r) }
+
+# 3. Add initial facts
+engine.add_fact(:sensor, id: 1, status: "active")
+
+# 4. Main loop
+loop do
+  # Collect new data
+  temp = read_temperature_sensor
+  engine.add_fact(:temperature, value: temp, timestamp: Time.now)
+
+  # Execute rules
+  engine.run
+
+  # Process messages
+  while msg = engine.consume_message("tasks", "main_loop")
+    handle_task(msg[:content])
+  end
+
+  sleep 5
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+### Restart and Recovery
+
+```ruby
+# Session 1 - Add facts
+engine = KBS::Blackboard::Engine.new(db_path: 'kb.db')
+engine.add_fact(:account, id: 1, balance: 1000)
+# Exit
+
+# Session 2 - Facts still present
+engine = KBS::Blackboard::Engine.new(db_path: 'kb.db')
+accounts = engine.blackboard.get_facts_by_type(:account)
+puts accounts.first[:balance]  # => 1000
+
+# BUT: Rules must be re-registered (not persisted)
+kb = load_rules
+kb.rules.each { |r| engine.add_rule(r) }
+```
+
+**Important**: Only facts persist. Rules, alpha memories, and RETE network must be rebuilt on restart.
+
+---
+
+### Transaction Example
+
+```ruby
+engine.blackboard.transaction do
+  fact1 = engine.add_fact(:order, id: 1, status: "pending")
+  fact2 = engine.add_fact(:inventory, item: "ABC", quantity: 100)
+
+  # If error occurs here, both facts are rolled back
+  raise "Validation failed" if invalid_order?(fact1)
+end
+```
+
+**Database Support**: SQLite and PostgreSQL support ACID transactions. Redis and MongoDB require custom transaction logic.
+
+---
+
+## Advanced Topics
+
+### Network Sharing
+
+Multiple rules sharing condition patterns reuse alpha memories:
+
+```ruby
+# Both rules share the :temperature alpha memory
+rule "high_temp_alert" do
+  on :temperature, value: greater_than(80)
+  perform { puts "High temperature!" }
+end
+
+rule "critical_temp_alert" do
+  on :temperature, value: greater_than(100)
+  perform { puts "CRITICAL temperature!" }
+end
+
+# Only 1 alpha memory created for :temperature
+# Pattern matching happens once per fact
+```
+
+---
+
+### Inspecting the RETE Network
+
+```ruby
+# Dump alpha memories
+engine.alpha_memories.each do |pattern, memory|
+  puts "Pattern: #{pattern.inspect}"
+  puts "  Facts in alpha memory: #{memory.facts.size}"
+  puts "  Successor nodes: #{memory.successors.size}"
+  memory.successors.each do |succ|
+    puts "    #{succ.class.name}"
+  end
+end
+
+# Dump production nodes
+engine.production_nodes.each do |name, node|
+  puts "Rule: #{name}"
+  puts "  Tokens (activations): #{node.tokens.size}"
+  node.tokens.each do |token|
+    puts "    Token with #{token.facts.size} facts"
+  end
+end
+```
+
+**Use Case**: Debugging why a rule didn't fire
+
+---
+
+### Custom Working Memory Observer
+
+```ruby
+class MetricsCollector
+  def initialize
+    @fact_count = 0
+    @retract_count = 0
+  end
+
+  def update(action, fact)
+    case action
+    when :add
+      @fact_count += 1
+    when :remove
+      @retract_count += 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  def report
+    puts "Facts added: #{@fact_count}"
+    puts "Facts retracted: #{@retract_count}"
+  end
+end
+
+metrics = MetricsCollector.new
+engine.working_memory.add_observer(metrics)
+
+# Run engine...
+engine.add_fact(:temperature, value: 85)
+engine.remove_fact(fact)
+
+metrics.report
+# => Facts added: 1
+# => Facts retracted: 1
+```
+
+---
+
+### Programmatic Rule Creation
+
+```ruby
+# Without DSL - manual Rule object
+condition = KBS::Condition.new(:temperature, { value: -> (v) { v > 80 } })
+action = ->(bindings) { puts "High temperature detected" }
+rule = KBS::Rule.new(name: "high_temp", priority: 10, conditions: [condition], action: action)
+
+engine.add_rule(rule)
+```
+
+**When to Use**: Dynamically generating rules at runtime based on configuration.
+
+---
+
+### Engine Composition
+
+```ruby
+# Multiple engines with different rule sets
+class MonitoringSystem
+  def initialize
+    @temperature_engine = KBS::Blackboard::Engine.new(db_path: 'temp.db')
+    @security_engine = KBS::Blackboard::Engine.new(db_path: 'security.db')
+
+    setup_temperature_rules(@temperature_engine)
+    setup_security_rules(@security_engine)
+  end
+
+  def process_sensor_data(data)
+    if data[:type] == :temperature
+      @temperature_engine.add_fact(:temperature, data)
+      @temperature_engine.run
+    elsif data[:type] == :motion
+      @security_engine.add_fact(:motion, data)
+      @security_engine.run
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+**Use Case**: Separating concerns across multiple knowledge bases
+
+---
+
+## Performance Considerations
+
+### Rule Ordering
+
+Rules are added to `@rules` array in registration order, but execution order depends on when tokens reach production nodes.
+
+```ruby
+# Both rules activated by same fact
+engine.add_rule(rule_a)  # Registered first
+engine.add_rule(rule_b)  # Registered second
+
+engine.add_fact(:temperature, value: 85)
+engine.run
+# Both fire, but order is unpredictable in KBS::Engine
+# Use KBS::Blackboard::Engine with priority for deterministic order
+```
+
+---
+
+### Fact Batching
+
+```ruby
+# Efficient - batch facts then run once
+facts_to_add.each do |data|
+  engine.add_fact(:sensor_reading, data)
+end
+engine.run  # All rules see complete dataset
+
+# Inefficient - run after each fact
+facts_to_add.each do |data|
+  engine.add_fact(:sensor_reading, data)
+  engine.run  # May fire rules prematurely
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+### Memory Growth
+
+```ruby
+# Clean up old facts to prevent memory growth
+cutoff_time = Time.now - 3600  # 1 hour ago
+old_facts = engine.working_memory.facts.select do |fact|
+  fact[:timestamp] && fact[:timestamp] < cutoff_time
+end
+
+old_facts.each { |f| engine.remove_fact(f) }
+```
+
+**Production Pattern**: Implement fact expiration in a cleanup rule:
+
+```ruby
+rule "expire_old_facts", priority: 0 do
+  on :temperature, timestamp: ->(ts) { Time.now - ts > 3600 }
+  perform do |bindings|
+    fact = bindings[:matched_fact?]
+    engine.remove_fact(fact)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+## Error Handling
+
+### Rule Action Errors
+
+```ruby
+rule "risky_operation" do
+  on :task, status: "pending"
+  perform do |bindings|
+    begin
+      perform_risky_operation(bindings[:task_id?])
+    rescue => e
+      # Log error
+      puts "Error in rule: #{e.message}"
+
+      # Add error fact for other rules to handle
+      engine.add_fact(:error, rule: "risky_operation", message: e.message)
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+### Store Connection Errors
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  engine = KBS::Blackboard::Engine.new(db_path: '/invalid/path/kb.db')
+rescue Errno::EACCES => e
+  puts "Cannot access database: #{e.message}"
+  # Fallback to in-memory
+  engine = KBS::Blackboard::Engine.new
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+## Thread Safety
+
+**KBS::Engine and KBS::Blackboard::Engine are NOT thread-safe.**
+
+For multi-threaded access:
+
+```ruby
+require 'thread'
+
+class ThreadSafeEngine
+  def initialize(*args)
+    @engine = KBS::Blackboard::Engine.new(*args)
+    @mutex = Mutex.new
+  end
+
+  def add_fact(*args)
+    @mutex.synchronize { @engine.add_fact(*args) }
+  end
+
+  def run
+    @mutex.synchronize { @engine.run }
+  end
+end
+```
+
+**Better Approach**: Use one engine per thread or message passing between threads.
+
+---
+
+## See Also
+
+- [Facts API](facts.md) - Working with fact objects
+- [Rules API](rules.md) - Rule and Condition objects
+- [Blackboard API](blackboard.md) - Memory, MessageQueue, AuditLog
+- [DSL Guide](../guides/dsl.md) - Rule definition syntax
+- [Performance Guide](../advanced/performance.md) - Optimization strategies