judge 0.5.0 → 1.0.0

data/lib/generators/judge/templates/judge.js

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 // You can find a guide and some more traditional API documentation at <http://joecorcoran.github.com/judge/>.
 // Hopefully this page will help you understand what's happening under the hood.
 
+/* http://raw.github.com/joecorcoran/judge/master/LICENSE.txt */
+
 /*jshint curly: true, evil: true, newcap: true, noarg: true, strict: false */
 /*global _: false, JSON: false */  
 
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ judge.Watcher = function (element) {
   }
 
   // Convenient access to this Watcher.
-  var instance = this;
+  var watcher = this;
 
   // Watcher instance properties.
   this.element         = element;
@@ -50,15 +52,15 @@ judge.Watcher = function (element) {
   // The `validate` instance method returns the validity of the watched element, 
   // represented as an object containing the element itself and some validity information.
   this.validate = function() {
-    instance.errorMessages = [];
-    var validators = instance.validators,
+    watcher.errorMessages = [];
+    var validators = watcher.validators,
         validity   = true,
         messages   = [];
     _(validators).each(function(validator) {
       var options = validator.options,
           msgs    = validator.messages;
-      if (instance.element.value.length || options.allow_blank !== true) {
-        var result = instance.validates()[validator.kind](options, msgs);
+      if (watcher.element.value.length || options.allow_blank !== true) {
+        var result = watcher.validates()[validator.kind](options, msgs);
         if (!result.valid && result.hasOwnProperty('messages')) {
           validity = false;
           messages.push(result.messages);
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ judge.Watcher = function (element) {
     return {
       valid: validity, 
       messages: _(messages).flatten(),
-      element: instance.element
+      element: watcher.element
     };
   };
 
@@ -76,14 +78,14 @@ judge.Watcher = function (element) {
 
 // Watcher prototype methods.
 judge.Watcher.prototype.validates = function() {
-  var instance        = this,
+  var watcher         = this,
       extendedMethods = judge.customValidators,
       methods         = {
 
         // Presence validator ported as closely as possible
         // from [ActiveModel::Validations::PresenceValidator](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveModel/Validations/PresenceValidator.html).
         presence: function(options, messages) {
-          if (instance.element.value.length) {
+          if (watcher.element.value.length) {
             return { valid:true };
           } else{
             return { valid:false, messages:[messages.blank] };
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ judge.Watcher.prototype.validates = function() {
         // from [ActiveModel::Validations::LengthValidator](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveModel/Validations/LengthValidator.html).
         length: function(options, messages) {
           var msgs = [],
-              length = instance.element.value.length,
+              length = watcher.element.value.length,
               types = {
                 minimum: { operator: '<',  message: 'too_short' },
                 maximum: { operator: '>',  message: 'too_long' },
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ judge.Watcher.prototype.validates = function() {
         // from [ActiveModel::Validations::ExclusionValidator](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveModel/Validations/ExclusionValidator.html).
         exclusion: function(options, messages) {
           var stringIn = _(options['in']).map(function(o) { return o.toString(); });
-          if (_(stringIn).include(instance.element.value)) {
+          if (_(stringIn).include(watcher.element.value)) {
             return {
               valid:false,
               messages:[messages.exclusion]
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ judge.Watcher.prototype.validates = function() {
         // from [ActiveModel::Validations::InclusionValidator](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveModel/Validations/InclusionValidator.html).
         inclusion: function(options, messages) {
           var stringIn = _(options['in']).map(function(o) { return o.toString(); });
-          if (!_(stringIn).include(instance.element.value)) {
+          if (!_(stringIn).include(watcher.element.value)) {
             return {
               valid:false,
               messages:[messages.inclusion]
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ judge.Watcher.prototype.validates = function() {
                 less_than_or_equal_to: '<='
               },
               msgs = [],
-              value = instance.element.value,
+              value = watcher.element.value,
               parsedValue = parseFloat(value, 10); 
 
           if (isNaN(Number(value))) {
@@ -170,14 +172,14 @@ judge.Watcher.prototype.validates = function() {
               }
             });
           }
-          return msgs.length? { valid:false, messages:msgs } : { valid:true };
+          return msgs.length ? { valid:false, messages:msgs } : { valid:true };
         },
         
         // Format validator ported as closely as possible
         // from [ActiveModel::Validations::FormatValidator](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveModel/Validations/FormatValidator.html).
         format: function(options, messages) {
           var msgs  = [],
-              value = instance.element.value;
+              value = watcher.element.value;
           if (options.hasOwnProperty('with')) {
             var withReg = judge.utils.convertRegExp(options['with']);
             if (!withReg.test(value)) {
@@ -196,7 +198,7 @@ judge.Watcher.prototype.validates = function() {
         // Acceptance validator ported as closely as possible
         // from [ActiveModel::Validations::AcceptanceValidator](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveModel/Validations/AcceptanceValidator.html).
         acceptance: function(options, messages) {
-          if (instance.element.checked === true) {
+          if (watcher.element.checked === true) {
             return { valid:true };
           } else {
             return {
@@ -209,10 +211,10 @@ judge.Watcher.prototype.validates = function() {
         // Confirmation validator ported as closely as possible
         // from [ActiveModel::Validations::ConfirmationValidator](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveModel/Validations/ConfirmationValidator.html).
         confirmation: function(options, messages) {
-          var id       = instance.element.getAttribute('id'),
+          var id       = watcher.element.getAttribute('id'),
               confId   = id + '_confirmation',
               confElem = document.getElementById(confId);
-          if (instance.element.value === confElem.value) {
+          if (watcher.element.value === confElem.value) {
             return { valid:true };
           } else {
             return {
@@ -239,7 +241,7 @@ judge.store = (function() {
 
   return {
 
-    // Stores a Watcher for an element against a user defined key.
+    // Stores watcher(s) for element(s) against a user defined key.
     save: function(key, element) {
       var elements = judge.utils.isCollection(element) ? element : [element];
       _(elements).each(function(element) {
@@ -253,25 +255,28 @@ judge.store = (function() {
       return store;
     },
 
-    // Removes an individual stored Watcher.
+    // Removes stored watcher(s).
     remove: function(key, element) {
       if (!store.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
         return null;
       }
       var elements = judge.utils.isCollection(element) ? element : [element];
       store[key] = _(store[key]).reject(function(j) { return _(elements).include(j.element); });
-      return store;
+      if (store[key].length === 0) {
+        delete store[key];
+      }
+      return store[key];
     },
 
-    // Returns the entire store object, or an array of Watchers stored against
+    // Returns the entire store object, or an array of watchers stored against
     // the given key.
     get: function(key) {
       if (_(key).isUndefined()) { return store; }
       return store.hasOwnProperty(key) ? store[key] : null;
     },
 
-    // Returns the entire store object with Watchers converted to elements, 
-    // or all DOM elements stored within all Watchers stored against the given key.
+    // Returns the entire store object with watchers converted to elements, 
+    // or all DOM elements stored within all watchers stored against the given key.
     getDOM: function(key) {
       if (_(key).isUndefined()) {
         var convertedStore = {};
@@ -283,14 +288,21 @@ judge.store = (function() {
       return store.hasOwnProperty(key) ? _(store[key]).pluck('element') : null;
     },
 
-    // Wipes the entire store object, or wipes all Watchers stored against 
+    // Shortcut for `judge.validate(judge.store.getDOM(key));`.
+    // Returns null if no stored elements are found for the given key.
+    validate: function(key) {
+      var elements = judge.store.getDOM(key);
+      return (key && !_(elements).isNull()) ? judge.validate(elements) : null;
+    },
+
+    // Wipes the entire store object, or wipes all watchers stored against 
     // the given key.
     clear: function(key) {
       if (_(key).isUndefined()) {
         store = {};
       } else {
         if (!store.hasOwnProperty(key)) { return null; }
-        store[key] = [];
+        delete store[key];
       }
       return store;
     }
@@ -312,17 +324,6 @@ judge.validate = function(elements) {
 
 // The obligatory utilities.
 judge.utils = {
-  
-  // Determines whether an object is a DOM element of the types that judge can work with.
-  isValidatable: function(object) {
-    var type  = judge.utils.getObjectString(object),
-        types = [
-          'HTMLInputElement',
-          'HTMLTextAreaElement',
-          'HTMLSelectElement'
-        ];
-    return _(types).include(type);
-  },
 
   // A way of checking isArray, but including weird object types that are returned from collection queries.
   isCollection: function(object) {
@@ -356,11 +357,13 @@ judge.utils = {
   isEven: function(value) { return (value % 2 === 0) ? true : false; },
   isOdd: function(value) { return !judge.utils.isEven(value); },
 
-  // Converts a ruby flag-first formatted regular expression, given as a string, into JavaScript.
+  // Converts a Ruby regular expression, given as a string, into JavaScript.
   // This is rudimentary at best, as there are many, many differences between Ruby
   // and JavaScript when it comes to regexp-fu. Basically, if you validate your records
   // using complex regular expressions AND you hope that this will "just work"
   // on the client-side too&hellip; you are going to be pretty disappointed.
+  // If you know of a better way (or an existing library) to convert regular expressions 
+  // from Ruby to JavaScript, I would really love to hear from you.
   convertRegExp: function(string) {
     var p = string.slice(1, -1).split(':'),
         o = p.shift(),
@@ -368,8 +371,8 @@ judge.utils = {
     return new RegExp(r, judge.utils.convertFlags(o));
   },
   convertFlags: function(string) {
-    var off = new RegExp('-'),
-        multi = new RegExp('m');
+    var off    = new RegExp('-'),
+        multi  = new RegExp('m');
     string = string.replace('?', '');
     if (off.test(string) || !multi.test(string)) {
       return '';
@@ -378,5 +381,3 @@ judge.utils = {
     }
   }
 };
-
-

data/lib/generators/judge/templates/underscore.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//     Underscore.js 1.1.7
+//     Underscore.js 1.2.1
 //     (c) 2011 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
 //     Underscore is freely distributable under the MIT license.
 //     Portions of Underscore are inspired or borrowed from Prototype,
@@ -48,19 +48,26 @@
   // Create a safe reference to the Underscore object for use below.
   var _ = function(obj) { return new wrapper(obj); };
 
-  // Export the Underscore object for **CommonJS**, with backwards-compatibility
-  // for the old `require()` API. If we're not in CommonJS, add `_` to the
-  // global object.
-  if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
-    module.exports = _;
-    _._ = _;
+  // Export the Underscore object for **Node.js** and **"CommonJS"**, with
+  // backwards-compatibility for the old `require()` API. If we're not in
+  // CommonJS, add `_` to the global object.
+  if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+    if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
+      exports = module.exports = _;
+    }
+    exports._ = _;
+  } else if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+    // Register as a named module with AMD.
+    define('underscore', function() {
+      return _;
+    });
   } else {
     // Exported as a string, for Closure Compiler "advanced" mode.
     root['_'] = _;
   }
 
   // Current version.
-  _.VERSION = '1.1.7';
+  _.VERSION = '1.2.1';
 
   // Collection Functions
   // --------------------
@@ -198,8 +205,8 @@
     var found = false;
     if (obj == null) return found;
     if (nativeIndexOf && obj.indexOf === nativeIndexOf) return obj.indexOf(target) != -1;
-    any(obj, function(value) {
-      if (found = value === target) return true;
+    found = any(obj, function(value) {
+      return value === target;
     });
     return found;
   };
@@ -220,6 +227,7 @@
   // Return the maximum element or (element-based computation).
   _.max = function(obj, iterator, context) {
     if (!iterator && _.isArray(obj)) return Math.max.apply(Math, obj);
+    if (!iterator && _.isEmpty(obj)) return -Infinity;
     var result = {computed : -Infinity};
     each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
       var computed = iterator ? iterator.call(context, value, index, list) : value;
@@ -231,6 +239,7 @@
   // Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).
   _.min = function(obj, iterator, context) {
     if (!iterator && _.isArray(obj)) return Math.min.apply(Math, obj);
+    if (!iterator && _.isEmpty(obj)) return Infinity;
     var result = {computed : Infinity};
     each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
       var computed = iterator ? iterator.call(context, value, index, list) : value;
@@ -239,6 +248,21 @@
     return result.value;
   };
 
+  // Shuffle an array.
+  _.shuffle = function(obj) {
+    var shuffled = [], rand;
+    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (index == 0) {
+        shuffled[0] = value;
+      } else {
+        rand = Math.floor(Math.random() * (index + 1));
+        shuffled[index] = shuffled[rand];
+        shuffled[rand] = value;
+      }
+    });
+    return shuffled;
+  };
+
   // Sort the object's values by a criterion produced by an iterator.
   _.sortBy = function(obj, iterator, context) {
     return _.pluck(_.map(obj, function(value, index, list) {
@@ -252,9 +276,11 @@
     }), 'value');
   };
 
-  // Groups the object's values by a criterion produced by an iterator
-  _.groupBy = function(obj, iterator) {
+  // Groups the object's values by a criterion. Pass either a string attribute
+  // to group by, or a function that returns the criterion.
+  _.groupBy = function(obj, val) {
     var result = {};
+    var iterator = _.isFunction(val) ? val : function(obj) { return obj[val]; };
     each(obj, function(value, index) {
       var key = iterator(value, index);
       (result[key] || (result[key] = [])).push(value);
@@ -298,6 +324,20 @@
     return (n != null) && !guard ? slice.call(array, 0, n) : array[0];
   };
 
+  // Returns everything but the last entry of the array. Especcialy useful on
+  // the arguments object. Passing **n** will return all the values in
+  // the array, excluding the last N. The **guard** check allows it to work with
+  // `_.map`.
+  _.initial = function(array, n, guard) {
+    return slice.call(array, 0, array.length - ((n == null) || guard ? 1 : n));
+  };
+
+  // Get the last element of an array. Passing **n** will return the last N
+  // values in the array. The **guard** check allows it to work with `_.map`.
+  _.last = function(array, n, guard) {
+    return (n != null) && !guard ? slice.call(array, array.length - n) : array[array.length - 1];
+  };
+
   // Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as `tail`.
   // Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an **index** will return
   // the rest of the values in the array from that index onward. The **guard**
@@ -306,20 +346,15 @@
     return slice.call(array, (index == null) || guard ? 1 : index);
   };
 
-  // Get the last element of an array.
-  _.last = function(array) {
-    return array[array.length - 1];
-  };
-
   // Trim out all falsy values from an array.
   _.compact = function(array) {
     return _.filter(array, function(value){ return !!value; });
   };
 
   // Return a completely flattened version of an array.
-  _.flatten = function(array) {
+  _.flatten = function(array, shallow) {
     return _.reduce(array, function(memo, value) {
-      if (_.isArray(value)) return memo.concat(_.flatten(value));
+      if (_.isArray(value)) return memo.concat(shallow ? value : _.flatten(value));
       memo[memo.length] = value;
       return memo;
     }, []);
@@ -333,17 +368,23 @@
   // Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already
   // been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.
   // Aliased as `unique`.
-  _.uniq = _.unique = function(array, isSorted) {
-    return _.reduce(array, function(memo, el, i) {
-      if (0 == i || (isSorted === true ? _.last(memo) != el : !_.include(memo, el))) memo[memo.length] = el;
+  _.uniq = _.unique = function(array, isSorted, iterator) {
+    var initial = iterator ? _.map(array, iterator) : array;
+    var result = [];
+    _.reduce(initial, function(memo, el, i) {
+      if (0 == i || (isSorted === true ? _.last(memo) != el : !_.include(memo, el))) {
+        memo[memo.length] = el;
+        result[result.length] = array[i];
+      }
       return memo;
     }, []);
+    return result;
   };
 
   // Produce an array that contains the union: each distinct element from all of
   // the passed-in arrays.
   _.union = function() {
-    return _.uniq(_.flatten(arguments));
+    return _.uniq(_.flatten(arguments, true));
   };
 
   // Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the
@@ -391,7 +432,6 @@
     return -1;
   };
 
-
   // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `lastIndexOf` if available.
   _.lastIndexOf = function(array, item) {
     if (array == null) return -1;
@@ -426,15 +466,25 @@
   // Function (ahem) Functions
   // ------------------
 
+  // Reusable constructor function for prototype setting.
+  var ctor = function(){};
+
   // Create a function bound to a given object (assigning `this`, and arguments,
   // optionally). Binding with arguments is also known as `curry`.
   // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Function.bind` if available.
   // We check for `func.bind` first, to fail fast when `func` is undefined.
-  _.bind = function(func, obj) {
+  _.bind = function bind(func, context) {
+    var bound, args;
     if (func.bind === nativeBind && nativeBind) return nativeBind.apply(func, slice.call(arguments, 1));
-    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
-    return function() {
-      return func.apply(obj, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+    if (!_.isFunction(func)) throw new TypeError;
+    args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    return bound = function() {
+      if (!(this instanceof bound)) return func.apply(context, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+      ctor.prototype = func.prototype;
+      var self = new ctor;
+      var result = func.apply(self, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+      if (Object(result) === result) return result;
+      return self;
     };
   };
 
@@ -470,31 +520,43 @@
     return _.delay.apply(_, [func, 1].concat(slice.call(arguments, 1)));
   };
 
-  // Internal function used to implement `_.throttle` and `_.debounce`.
-  var limit = function(func, wait, debounce) {
-    var timeout;
+  // Returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once
+  // during a given window of time.
+  _.throttle = function(func, wait) {
+    var context, args, timeout, throttling, more;
+    var whenDone = _.debounce(function(){ more = throttling = false; }, wait);
     return function() {
-      var context = this, args = arguments;
-      var throttler = function() {
+      context = this; args = arguments;
+      var later = function() {
         timeout = null;
-        func.apply(context, args);
+        if (more) func.apply(context, args);
+        whenDone();
       };
-      if (debounce) clearTimeout(timeout);
-      if (debounce || !timeout) timeout = setTimeout(throttler, wait);
+      if (!timeout) timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
+      if (throttling) {
+        more = true;
+      } else {
+        func.apply(context, args);
+      }
+      whenDone();
+      throttling = true;
     };
   };
 
-  // Returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once
-  // during a given window of time.
-  _.throttle = function(func, wait) {
-    return limit(func, wait, false);
-  };
-
   // Returns a function, that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not
   // be triggered. The function will be called after it stops being called for
   // N milliseconds.
   _.debounce = function(func, wait) {
-    return limit(func, wait, true);
+    var timeout;
+    return function() {
+      var context = this, args = arguments;
+      var later = function() {
+        timeout = null;
+        func.apply(context, args);
+      };
+      clearTimeout(timeout);
+      timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
+    };
   };
 
   // Returns a function that will be executed at most one time, no matter how
@@ -538,7 +600,6 @@
     };
   };
 
-
   // Object Functions
   // ----------------
 
@@ -588,6 +649,7 @@
 
   // Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.
   _.clone = function(obj) {
+    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
     return _.isArray(obj) ? obj.slice() : _.extend({}, obj);
   };
 
@@ -599,47 +661,93 @@
     return obj;
   };
 
-  // Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
-  _.isEqual = function(a, b) {
-    // Check object identity.
-    if (a === b) return true;
-    // Different types?
-    var atype = typeof(a), btype = typeof(b);
-    if (atype != btype) return false;
-    // Basic equality test (watch out for coercions).
-    if (a == b) return true;
-    // One is falsy and the other truthy.
-    if ((!a && b) || (a && !b)) return false;
+  // Internal recursive comparison function.
+  function eq(a, b, stack) {
+    // Identical objects are equal. `0 === -0`, but they aren't identical.
+    // See the Harmony `egal` proposal: http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal.
+    if (a === b) return a !== 0 || 1 / a == 1 / b;
+    // A strict comparison is necessary because `null == undefined`.
+    if ((a == null) || (b == null)) return a === b;
     // Unwrap any wrapped objects.
     if (a._chain) a = a._wrapped;
     if (b._chain) b = b._wrapped;
-    // One of them implements an isEqual()?
-    if (a.isEqual) return a.isEqual(b);
-    if (b.isEqual) return b.isEqual(a);
-    // Check dates' integer values.
-    if (_.isDate(a) && _.isDate(b)) return a.getTime() === b.getTime();
-    // Both are NaN?
-    if (_.isNaN(a) && _.isNaN(b)) return false;
-    // Compare regular expressions.
-    if (_.isRegExp(a) && _.isRegExp(b))
-      return a.source     === b.source &&
-             a.global     === b.global &&
-             a.ignoreCase === b.ignoreCase &&
-             a.multiline  === b.multiline;
-    // If a is not an object by this point, we can't handle it.
-    if (atype !== 'object') return false;
-    // Check for different array lengths before comparing contents.
-    if (a.length && (a.length !== b.length)) return false;
-    // Nothing else worked, deep compare the contents.
-    var aKeys = _.keys(a), bKeys = _.keys(b);
-    // Different object sizes?
-    if (aKeys.length != bKeys.length) return false;
-    // Recursive comparison of contents.
-    for (var key in a) if (!(key in b) || !_.isEqual(a[key], b[key])) return false;
-    return true;
+    // Invoke a custom `isEqual` method if one is provided.
+    if (_.isFunction(a.isEqual)) return a.isEqual(b);
+    if (_.isFunction(b.isEqual)) return b.isEqual(a);
+    // Compare object types.
+    var typeA = typeof a;
+    if (typeA != typeof b) return false;
+    // Optimization; ensure that both values are truthy or falsy.
+    if (!a != !b) return false;
+    // `NaN` values are equal.
+    if (_.isNaN(a)) return _.isNaN(b);
+    // Compare string objects by value.
+    var isStringA = _.isString(a), isStringB = _.isString(b);
+    if (isStringA || isStringB) return isStringA && isStringB && String(a) == String(b);
+    // Compare number objects by value.
+    var isNumberA = _.isNumber(a), isNumberB = _.isNumber(b);
+    if (isNumberA || isNumberB) return isNumberA && isNumberB && +a == +b;
+    // Compare boolean objects by value. The value of `true` is 1; the value of `false` is 0.
+    var isBooleanA = _.isBoolean(a), isBooleanB = _.isBoolean(b);
+    if (isBooleanA || isBooleanB) return isBooleanA && isBooleanB && +a == +b;
+    // Compare dates by their millisecond values.
+    var isDateA = _.isDate(a), isDateB = _.isDate(b);
+    if (isDateA || isDateB) return isDateA && isDateB && a.getTime() == b.getTime();
+    // Compare RegExps by their source patterns and flags.
+    var isRegExpA = _.isRegExp(a), isRegExpB = _.isRegExp(b);
+    if (isRegExpA || isRegExpB) {
+      // Ensure commutative equality for RegExps.
+      return isRegExpA && isRegExpB &&
+             a.source == b.source &&
+             a.global == b.global &&
+             a.multiline == b.multiline &&
+             a.ignoreCase == b.ignoreCase;
+    }
+    // Ensure that both values are objects.
+    if (typeA != 'object') return false;
+    // Arrays or Arraylikes with different lengths are not equal.
+    if (a.length !== b.length) return false;
+    // Objects with different constructors are not equal.
+    if (a.constructor !== b.constructor) return false;
+    // Assume equality for cyclic structures. The algorithm for detecting cyclic
+    // structures is adapted from ES 5.1 section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO`.
+    var length = stack.length;
+    while (length--) {
+      // Linear search. Performance is inversely proportional to the number of
+      // unique nested structures.
+      if (stack[length] == a) return true;
+    }
+    // Add the first object to the stack of traversed objects.
+    stack.push(a);
+    var size = 0, result = true;
+    // Deep compare objects.
+    for (var key in a) {
+      if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, key)) {
+        // Count the expected number of properties.
+        size++;
+        // Deep compare each member.
+        if (!(result = hasOwnProperty.call(b, key) && eq(a[key], b[key], stack))) break;
+      }
+    }
+    // Ensure that both objects contain the same number of properties.
+    if (result) {
+      for (key in b) {
+        if (hasOwnProperty.call(b, key) && !(size--)) break;
+      }
+      result = !size;
+    }
+    // Remove the first object from the stack of traversed objects.
+    stack.pop();
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
+  _.isEqual = function(a, b) {
+    return eq(a, b, []);
   };
 
-  // Is a given array or object empty?
+  // Is a given array, string, or object empty?
+  // An "empty" object has no enumerable own-properties.
   _.isEmpty = function(obj) {
     if (_.isArray(obj) || _.isString(obj)) return obj.length === 0;
     for (var key in obj) if (hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) return false;
@@ -654,7 +762,7 @@
   // Is a given value an array?
   // Delegates to ECMA5's native Array.isArray
   _.isArray = nativeIsArray || function(obj) {
-    return toString.call(obj) === '[object Array]';
+    return toString.call(obj) == '[object Array]';
   };
 
   // Is a given variable an object?
@@ -663,44 +771,50 @@
   };
 
   // Is a given variable an arguments object?
-  _.isArguments = function(obj) {
-    return !!(obj && hasOwnProperty.call(obj, 'callee'));
-  };
+  if (toString.call(arguments) == '[object Arguments]') {
+    _.isArguments = function(obj) {
+      return toString.call(obj) == '[object Arguments]';
+    };
+  } else {
+    _.isArguments = function(obj) {
+      return !!(obj && hasOwnProperty.call(obj, 'callee'));
+    };
+  }
 
   // Is a given value a function?
   _.isFunction = function(obj) {
-    return !!(obj && obj.constructor && obj.call && obj.apply);
+    return toString.call(obj) == '[object Function]';
   };
 
   // Is a given value a string?
   _.isString = function(obj) {
-    return !!(obj === '' || (obj && obj.charCodeAt && obj.substr));
+    return toString.call(obj) == '[object String]';
   };
 
   // Is a given value a number?
   _.isNumber = function(obj) {
-    return !!(obj === 0 || (obj && obj.toExponential && obj.toFixed));
+    return toString.call(obj) == '[object Number]';
   };
 
-  // Is the given value `NaN`? `NaN` happens to be the only value in JavaScript
-  // that does not equal itself.
+  // Is the given value `NaN`?
   _.isNaN = function(obj) {
+    // `NaN` is the only value for which `===` is not reflexive.
     return obj !== obj;
   };
 
   // Is a given value a boolean?
   _.isBoolean = function(obj) {
-    return obj === true || obj === false;
+    return obj === true || obj === false || toString.call(obj) == '[object Boolean]';
   };
 
   // Is a given value a date?
   _.isDate = function(obj) {
-    return !!(obj && obj.getTimezoneOffset && obj.setUTCFullYear);
+    return toString.call(obj) == '[object Date]';
   };
 
   // Is the given value a regular expression?
   _.isRegExp = function(obj) {
-    return !!(obj && obj.test && obj.exec && (obj.ignoreCase || obj.ignoreCase === false));
+    return toString.call(obj) == '[object RegExp]';
   };
 
   // Is a given value equal to null?
@@ -733,6 +847,11 @@
     for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) iterator.call(context, i);
   };
 
+  // Escape a string for HTML interpolation.
+  _.escape = function(string) {
+    return (''+string).replace(/&/g, '&amp;').replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;').replace(/"/g, '&quot;').replace(/'/g, '&#x27;').replace(/\//g,'&#x2F;');
+  };
+
   // Add your own custom functions to the Underscore object, ensuring that
   // they're correctly added to the OOP wrapper as well.
   _.mixin = function(obj) {
@@ -753,7 +872,8 @@
   // following template settings to use alternative delimiters.
   _.templateSettings = {
     evaluate    : /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
-    interpolate : /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g
+    interpolate : /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+    escape      : /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g
   };
 
   // JavaScript micro-templating, similar to John Resig's implementation.
@@ -765,6 +885,9 @@
       'with(obj||{}){__p.push(\'' +
       str.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\')
          .replace(/'/g, "\\'")
+         .replace(c.escape, function(match, code) {
+           return "',_.escape(" + code.replace(/\\'/g, "'") + "),'";
+         })
          .replace(c.interpolate, function(match, code) {
            return "'," + code.replace(/\\'/g, "'") + ",'";
          })
@@ -776,8 +899,8 @@
          .replace(/\n/g, '\\n')
          .replace(/\t/g, '\\t')
          + "');}return __p.join('');";
-    var func = new Function('obj', tmpl);
-    return data ? func(data) : func;
+    var func = new Function('obj', '_', tmpl);
+    return data ? func(data, _) : function(data) { return func(data, _) };
   };
 
   // The OOP Wrapper
@@ -836,5 +959,4 @@
     return this._wrapped;
   };
 
-})();
-
+}).call(this);