json_pure 2.2.0 → 2.5.0

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data/CHANGES.md

@@ -1,5 +1,56 @@
 # Changes
 
+## 2020-12-22 (2.5.0)
+
+* Ready to Ractor-safe at Ruby 3.0.
+
+## 2020-12-17 (2.4.1)
+
+* Restore version.rb with 2.4.1
+
+## 2020-12-15 (2.4.0)
+
+* Implement a freeze: parser option #447
+* Fix an issue with generate_pretty and empty objects in the Ruby and Java implementations #449
+* Fix JSON.load_file doc #448
+* Fix pure parser with unclosed arrays / objects #425
+* bundle the LICENSE file in the gem #444
+* Add an option to escape forward slash character #405
+* RDoc for JSON #439 #446 #442 #434 #433 #430
+
+## 2020-06-30 (2.3.1)
+
+* Spelling and grammar fixes for comments. Pull request #191 by Josh
+  Kline.
+* Enhance generic JSON and #generate docs. Pull request #347 by Victor
+  Shepelev.
+* Add :nodoc: for GeneratorMethods. Pull request #349 by Victor Shepelev.
+* Baseline changes to help (JRuby) development. Pull request #371 by Karol
+  Bucek.
+* Add metadata for rubygems.org. Pull request #379 by Alexandre ZANNI.
+* Remove invalid JSON.generate description from JSON module rdoc. Pull
+  request #384 by Jeremy Evans.
+* Test with TruffleRuby in CI. Pull request #402 by Benoit Daloze.
+* Rdoc enhancements. Pull request #413 by Burdette Lamar.
+* Fixtures/ are not being tested... Pull request #416 by Marc-André
+  Lafortune.
+* Use frozen string for hash key. Pull request #420 by Marc-André
+  Lafortune.
+* Added :call-seq: to RDoc for some methods. Pull request #422 by Burdette
+  Lamar.
+* Small typo fix. Pull request #423 by Marc-André Lafortune.
+
+## 2019-12-11 (2.3.0)
+ * Fix default of `create_additions` to always be `false` for `JSON(user_input)`
+   and `JSON.parse(user_input, nil)`.
+   Note that `JSON.load` remains with default `true` and is meant for internal
+   serialization of trusted data. [CVE-2020-10663]
+ * Fix passing args all #to_json in json/add/*.
+ * Fix encoding issues
+ * Fix issues of keyword vs positional parameter
+ * Fix JSON::Parser against bigdecimal updates
+ * Bug fixes to JRuby port
+
 ## 2019-02-21 (2.2.0)
  * Adds support for 2.6 BigDecimal and ruby standard library Set datetype.
 

data/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+Ruby is copyrighted free software by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.jp>.
+You can redistribute it and/or modify it under either the terms of the
+2-clause BSDL (see the file BSDL), or the conditions below:
+
+  1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the
+     software without restriction, provided that you duplicate all of the
+     original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
+
+  2. You may modify your copy of the software in any way, provided that
+     you do at least ONE of the following:
+
+       a) place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise
+          make them Freely Available, such as by posting said
+	  modifications to Usenet or an equivalent medium, or by allowing
+	  the author to include your modifications in the software.
+
+       b) use the modified software only within your corporation or
+          organization.
+
+       c) give non-standard binaries non-standard names, with
+          instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
+
+       d) make other distribution arrangements with the author.
+
+  3. You may distribute the software in object code or binary form,
+     provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
+
+       a) distribute the binaries and library files of the software,
+	  together with instructions (in the manual page or equivalent)
+	  on where to get the original distribution.
+
+       b) accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of
+	  the software.
+
+       c) give non-standard binaries non-standard names, with
+          instructions on where to get the original software distribution.
+
+       d) make other distribution arrangements with the author.
+
+  4. You may modify and include the part of the software into any other
+     software (possibly commercial).  But some files in the distribution
+     are not written by the author, so that they are not under these terms.
+
+     For the list of those files and their copying conditions, see the
+     file LEGAL.
+
+  5. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as
+     output from the software do not automatically fall under the
+     copyright of the software, but belong to whomever generated them,
+     and may be sold commercially, and may be aggregated with this
+     software.
+
+  6. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
+     IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
+     WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+     PURPOSE.

data/README.md

@@ -390,6 +390,22 @@ Here are the median comparisons for completeness' sake:
             secs/call
 ```
 
+## Development
+
+### Release
+
+Update the json.gemspec and json-java.gemspec.
+
+```
+rbenv shell 2.6.5
+rake build
+gem push pkg/json-2.3.0.gem
+
+rbenv shell jruby-9.2.9.0
+rake build
+gem push pkg/json-2.3.0-java.gem
+```
+
 ## Author
 
 Florian Frank <mailto:flori@ping.de>
@@ -406,4 +422,4 @@ The latest version of this library can be downloaded at
 
 Online Documentation should be located at
 
-* http://json.rubyforge.org
+* https://www.rubydoc.info/gems/json

data/VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-2.2.0
+2.5.0

data/json_pure.gemspec

@@ -1,38 +1,61 @@
 # -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-# stub: json_pure 2.2.0 ruby lib
 
 Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.name = "json_pure".freeze
-  s.version = "2.2.0"
+  s.version = File.read("VERSION").chomp
 
-  s.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 0".freeze) if s.respond_to? :required_rubygems_version=
-  s.require_paths = ["lib".freeze]
-  s.authors = ["Florian Frank".freeze]
-  s.date = "2019-02-21"
+  s.summary = "JSON Implementation for Ruby".freeze
   s.description = "This is a JSON implementation in pure Ruby.".freeze
+  s.licenses = ["Ruby".freeze]
+  s.authors = ["Florian Frank".freeze]
   s.email = "flori@ping.de".freeze
+
   s.extra_rdoc_files = ["README.md".freeze]
-  s.files = ["./tests/test_helper.rb".freeze, ".gitignore".freeze, ".travis.yml".freeze, "CHANGES.md".freeze, "Gemfile".freeze, "README-json-jruby.md".freeze, "README.md".freeze, "Rakefile".freeze, "VERSION".freeze, "data/example.json".freeze, "data/index.html".freeze, "data/prototype.js".freeze, "diagrams/.keep".freeze, "ext/json/ext/fbuffer/fbuffer.h".freeze, "ext/json/ext/generator/depend".freeze, "ext/json/ext/generator/extconf.rb".freeze, "ext/json/ext/generator/generator.c".freeze, "ext/json/ext/generator/generator.h".freeze, "ext/json/ext/parser/depend".freeze, "ext/json/ext/parser/extconf.rb".freeze, "ext/json/ext/parser/parser.c".freeze, "ext/json/ext/parser/parser.h".freeze, "ext/json/ext/parser/parser.rl".freeze, "ext/json/extconf.rb".freeze, "install.rb".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/ByteListTranscoder.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/Generator.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/GeneratorMethods.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/GeneratorService.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/GeneratorState.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/OptionsReader.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/Parser.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/Parser.rl".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/ParserService.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/RuntimeInfo.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/StringDecoder.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/StringEncoder.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/Utils.java".freeze, "json-java.gemspec".freeze, "json.gemspec".freeze, "json_pure.gemspec".freeze, "lib/json.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/bigdecimal.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/complex.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/core.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/date.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/date_time.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/exception.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/ostruct.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/range.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/rational.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/regexp.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/set.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/struct.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/symbol.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/time.rb".freeze, "lib/json/common.rb".freeze, "lib/json/ext.rb".freeze, "lib/json/ext/.keep".freeze, "lib/json/generic_object.rb".freeze, "lib/json/pure.rb".freeze, "lib/json/pure/generator.rb".freeze, "lib/json/pure/parser.rb".freeze, "lib/json/version.rb".freeze, "references/rfc7159.txt".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail10.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail11.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail12.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail13.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail14.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail18.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail19.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail2.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail20.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail21.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail22.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail23.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail24.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail25.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail27.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail28.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail3.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail4.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail5.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail6.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail7.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail8.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail9.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/obsolete_fail1.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/pass1.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/pass15.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/pass16.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/pass17.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/pass2.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/pass26.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/pass3.json".freeze, "tests/json_addition_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_common_interface_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_encoding_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_ext_parser_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_fixtures_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_generator_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_generic_object_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_parser_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_string_matching_test.rb".freeze, "tests/test_helper.rb".freeze, "tools/diff.sh".freeze, "tools/fuzz.rb".freeze, "tools/server.rb".freeze]
-  s.homepage = "http://flori.github.com/json".freeze
-  s.licenses = ["Ruby".freeze]
   s.rdoc_options = ["--title".freeze, "JSON implemention for ruby".freeze, "--main".freeze, "README.md".freeze]
-  s.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 1.9".freeze)
-  s.rubygems_version = "2.7.6".freeze
-  s.summary = "JSON Implementation for Ruby".freeze
-  s.test_files = ["./tests/test_helper.rb".freeze]
+  s.files = [
+    "CHANGES.md".freeze,
+    "Gemfile".freeze,
+    "LICENSE".freeze,
+    "README.md".freeze,
+    "VERSION".freeze,
+    "json_pure.gemspec".freeze,
+    "lib/json.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/add/bigdecimal.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/add/complex.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/add/core.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/add/date.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/add/date_time.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/add/exception.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/add/ostruct.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/add/range.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/add/rational.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/add/regexp.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/add/set.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/add/struct.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/add/symbol.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/add/time.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/common.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/ext.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/ext/.keep".freeze,
+    "lib/json/generic_object.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/pure.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/pure/generator.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/pure/parser.rb".freeze,
+    "lib/json/version.rb".freeze,
+  ] + Dir["tests/**/*"]
+  s.homepage = "http://flori.github.com/json".freeze
+  s.metadata = {
+    'bug_tracker_uri'   => 'https://github.com/flori/json/issues',
+    'changelog_uri'     => 'https://github.com/flori/json/blob/master/CHANGES.md',
+    'documentation_uri' => 'http://flori.github.io/json/doc/index.html',
+    'homepage_uri'      => 'http://flori.github.io/json/',
+    'source_code_uri'   => 'https://github.com/flori/json',
+    'wiki_uri'          => 'https://github.com/flori/json/wiki'
+  }
 
-  if s.respond_to? :specification_version then
-    s.specification_version = 4
+  s.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 2.0".freeze)
+  s.test_files = ["./tests/test_helper.rb".freeze]
 
-    if Gem::Version.new(Gem::VERSION) >= Gem::Version.new('1.2.0') then
-      s.add_development_dependency(%q<rake>.freeze, [">= 0"])
-      s.add_development_dependency(%q<test-unit>.freeze, ["~> 2.0"])
-    else
-      s.add_dependency(%q<rake>.freeze, [">= 0"])
-      s.add_dependency(%q<test-unit>.freeze, ["~> 2.0"])
-    end
-  else
-    s.add_dependency(%q<rake>.freeze, [">= 0"])
-    s.add_dependency(%q<test-unit>.freeze, ["~> 2.0"])
-  end
+  s.add_development_dependency "rake"
+  s.add_development_dependency "test-unit"
 end

data/lib/json.rb

@@ -2,55 +2,575 @@
 require 'json/common'
 
 ##
-# = JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
+# = JavaScript \Object Notation (\JSON)
 #
-# JSON is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for us
-# humans to read and write. Plus, equally simple for machines to generate or parse.
-# JSON is completely language agnostic, making it the ideal interchange format.
+# \JSON is a lightweight data-interchange format.
 #
-# Built on two universally available structures:
-#   1. A collection of name/value pairs. Often referred to as an _object_, hash table, record, struct, keyed list, or associative array.
-#   2. An ordered list of values. More commonly called an _array_, vector, sequence or list.
+# A \JSON value is one of the following:
+# - Double-quoted text:  <tt>"foo"</tt>.
+# - Number:  +1+, +1.0+, +2.0e2+.
+# - Boolean:  +true+, +false+.
+# - Null: +null+.
+# - \Array: an ordered list of values, enclosed by square brackets:
+#     ["foo", 1, 1.0, 2.0e2, true, false, null]
 #
-# To read more about JSON visit: http://json.org
+# - \Object: a collection of name/value pairs, enclosed by curly braces;
+#   each name is double-quoted text;
+#   the values may be any \JSON values:
+#     {"a": "foo", "b": 1, "c": 1.0, "d": 2.0e2, "e": true, "f": false, "g": null}
 #
-# == Parsing JSON
+# A \JSON array or object may contain nested arrays, objects, and scalars
+# to any depth:
+#   {"foo": {"bar": 1, "baz": 2}, "bat": [0, 1, 2]}
+#   [{"foo": 0, "bar": 1}, ["baz", 2]]
 #
-# To parse a JSON string received by another application or generated within
-# your existing application:
+# == Using \Module \JSON
 #
+# To make module \JSON available in your code, begin with:
 #   require 'json'
 #
-#   my_hash = JSON.parse('{"hello": "goodbye"}')
-#   puts my_hash["hello"] => "goodbye"
+# All examples here assume that this has been done.
 #
-# Notice the extra quotes <tt>''</tt> around the hash notation. Ruby expects
-# the argument to be a string and can't convert objects like a hash or array.
+# === Parsing \JSON
 #
-# Ruby converts your string into a hash
+# You can parse a \String containing \JSON data using
+# either of two methods:
+# - <tt>JSON.parse(source, opts)</tt>
+# - <tt>JSON.parse!(source, opts)</tt>
 #
-# == Generating JSON
+# where
+# - +source+ is a Ruby object.
+# - +opts+ is a \Hash object containing options
+#   that control both input allowed and output formatting.
 #
-# Creating a JSON string for communication or serialization is
-# just as simple.
+# The difference between the two methods
+# is that JSON.parse! omits some checks
+# and may not be safe for some +source+ data;
+# use it only for data from trusted sources.
+# Use the safer method JSON.parse for less trusted sources.
 #
-#   require 'json'
+# ==== Parsing \JSON Arrays
 #
-#   my_hash = {:hello => "goodbye"}
-#   puts JSON.generate(my_hash) => "{\"hello\":\"goodbye\"}"
+# When +source+ is a \JSON array, JSON.parse by default returns a Ruby \Array:
+#   json = '["foo", 1, 1.0, 2.0e2, true, false, null]'
+#   ruby = JSON.parse(json)
+#   ruby # => ["foo", 1, 1.0, 200.0, true, false, nil]
+#   ruby.class # => Array
 #
-# Or an alternative way:
+# The \JSON array may contain nested arrays, objects, and scalars
+# to any depth:
+#   json = '[{"foo": 0, "bar": 1}, ["baz", 2]]'
+#   JSON.parse(json) # => [{"foo"=>0, "bar"=>1}, ["baz", 2]]
 #
-#   require 'json'
-#   puts {:hello => "goodbye"}.to_json => "{\"hello\":\"goodbye\"}"
+# ==== Parsing \JSON \Objects
+#
+# When the source is a \JSON object, JSON.parse by default returns a Ruby \Hash:
+#   json = '{"a": "foo", "b": 1, "c": 1.0, "d": 2.0e2, "e": true, "f": false, "g": null}'
+#   ruby = JSON.parse(json)
+#   ruby # => {"a"=>"foo", "b"=>1, "c"=>1.0, "d"=>200.0, "e"=>true, "f"=>false, "g"=>nil}
+#   ruby.class # => Hash
+#
+# The \JSON object may contain nested arrays, objects, and scalars
+# to any depth:
+#   json = '{"foo": {"bar": 1, "baz": 2}, "bat": [0, 1, 2]}'
+#   JSON.parse(json) # => {"foo"=>{"bar"=>1, "baz"=>2}, "bat"=>[0, 1, 2]}
+#
+# ==== Parsing \JSON Scalars
+#
+# When the source is a \JSON scalar (not an array or object),
+# JSON.parse returns a Ruby scalar.
+#
+# \String:
+#   ruby = JSON.parse('"foo"')
+#   ruby # => 'foo'
+#   ruby.class # => String
+# \Integer:
+#   ruby = JSON.parse('1')
+#   ruby # => 1
+#   ruby.class # => Integer
+# \Float:
+#   ruby = JSON.parse('1.0')
+#   ruby # => 1.0
+#   ruby.class # => Float
+#   ruby = JSON.parse('2.0e2')
+#   ruby # => 200
+#   ruby.class # => Float
+# Boolean:
+#   ruby = JSON.parse('true')
+#   ruby # => true
+#   ruby.class # => TrueClass
+#   ruby = JSON.parse('false')
+#   ruby # => false
+#   ruby.class # => FalseClass
+# Null:
+#   ruby = JSON.parse('null')
+#   ruby # => nil
+#   ruby.class # => NilClass
+#
+# ==== Parsing Options
+#
+# ====== Input Options
+#
+# Option +max_nesting+ (\Integer) specifies the maximum nesting depth allowed;
+# defaults to +100+; specify +false+ to disable depth checking.
+#
+# With the default, +false+:
+#   source = '[0, [1, [2, [3]]]]'
+#   ruby = JSON.parse(source)
+#   ruby # => [0, [1, [2, [3]]]]
+# Too deep:
+#   # Raises JSON::NestingError (nesting of 2 is too deep):
+#   JSON.parse(source, {max_nesting: 1})
+# Bad value:
+#   # Raises TypeError (wrong argument type Symbol (expected Fixnum)):
+#   JSON.parse(source, {max_nesting: :foo})
+#
+# ---
+#
+# Option +allow_nan+ (boolean) specifies whether to allow
+# NaN, Infinity, and MinusInfinity in +source+;
+# defaults to +false+.
+#
+# With the default, +false+:
+#   # Raises JSON::ParserError (225: unexpected token at '[NaN]'):
+#   JSON.parse('[NaN]')
+#   # Raises JSON::ParserError (232: unexpected token at '[Infinity]'):
+#   JSON.parse('[Infinity]')
+#   # Raises JSON::ParserError (248: unexpected token at '[-Infinity]'):
+#   JSON.parse('[-Infinity]')
+# Allow:
+#   source = '[NaN, Infinity, -Infinity]'
+#   ruby = JSON.parse(source, {allow_nan: true})
+#   ruby # => [NaN, Infinity, -Infinity]
+#
+# ====== Output Options
+#
+# Option +symbolize_names+ (boolean) specifies whether returned \Hash keys
+# should be Symbols;
+# defaults to +false+ (use Strings).
+#
+# With the default, +false+:
+#   source = '{"a": "foo", "b": 1.0, "c": true, "d": false, "e": null}'
+#   ruby = JSON.parse(source)
+#   ruby # => {"a"=>"foo", "b"=>1.0, "c"=>true, "d"=>false, "e"=>nil}
+# Use Symbols:
+#   ruby = JSON.parse(source, {symbolize_names: true})
+#   ruby # => {:a=>"foo", :b=>1.0, :c=>true, :d=>false, :e=>nil}
+#
+# ---
+#
+# Option +object_class+ (\Class) specifies the Ruby class to be used
+# for each \JSON object;
+# defaults to \Hash.
+#
+# With the default, \Hash:
+#   source = '{"a": "foo", "b": 1.0, "c": true, "d": false, "e": null}'
+#   ruby = JSON.parse(source)
+#   ruby.class # => Hash
+# Use class \OpenStruct:
+#   ruby = JSON.parse(source, {object_class: OpenStruct})
+#   ruby # => #<OpenStruct a="foo", b=1.0, c=true, d=false, e=nil>
+#
+# ---
+#
+# Option +array_class+ (\Class) specifies the Ruby class to be used
+# for each \JSON array;
+# defaults to \Array.
+#
+# With the default, \Array:
+#   source = '["foo", 1.0, true, false, null]'
+#   ruby = JSON.parse(source)
+#   ruby.class # => Array
+# Use class \Set:
+#   ruby = JSON.parse(source, {array_class: Set})
+#   ruby # => #<Set: {"foo", 1.0, true, false, nil}>
+#
+# ---
+#
+# Option +create_additions+ (boolean) specifies whether to use \JSON additions in parsing.
+# See {\JSON Additions}[#module-JSON-label-JSON+Additions].
+#
+# === Generating \JSON
+#
+# To generate a Ruby \String containing \JSON data,
+# use method <tt>JSON.generate(source, opts)</tt>, where
+# - +source+ is a Ruby object.
+# - +opts+ is a \Hash object containing options
+#   that control both input allowed and output formatting.
+#
+# ==== Generating \JSON from Arrays
+#
+# When the source is a Ruby \Array, JSON.generate returns
+# a \String containing a \JSON array:
+#   ruby = [0, 's', :foo]
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby)
+#   json # => '[0,"s","foo"]'
+#
+# The Ruby \Array array may contain nested arrays, hashes, and scalars
+# to any depth:
+#   ruby = [0, [1, 2], {foo: 3, bar: 4}]
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby)
+#   json # => '[0,[1,2],{"foo":3,"bar":4}]'
+#
+# ==== Generating \JSON from Hashes
+#
+# When the source is a Ruby \Hash, JSON.generate returns
+# a \String containing a \JSON object:
+#   ruby = {foo: 0, bar: 's', baz: :bat}
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby)
+#   json # => '{"foo":0,"bar":"s","baz":"bat"}'
+#
+# The Ruby \Hash array may contain nested arrays, hashes, and scalars
+# to any depth:
+#   ruby = {foo: [0, 1], bar: {baz: 2, bat: 3}, bam: :bad}
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby)
+#   json # => '{"foo":[0,1],"bar":{"baz":2,"bat":3},"bam":"bad"}'
+#
+# ==== Generating \JSON from Other Objects
+#
+# When the source is neither an \Array nor a \Hash,
+# the generated \JSON data depends on the class of the source.
+#
+# When the source is a Ruby \Integer or \Float, JSON.generate returns
+# a \String containing a \JSON number:
+#   JSON.generate(42) # => '42'
+#   JSON.generate(0.42) # => '0.42'
+#
+# When the source is a Ruby \String, JSON.generate returns
+# a \String containing a \JSON string (with double-quotes):
+#   JSON.generate('A string') # => '"A string"'
+#
+# When the source is +true+, +false+ or +nil+, JSON.generate returns
+# a \String containing the corresponding \JSON token:
+#   JSON.generate(true) # => 'true'
+#   JSON.generate(false) # => 'false'
+#   JSON.generate(nil) # => 'null'
+#
+# When the source is none of the above, JSON.generate returns
+# a \String containing a \JSON string representation of the source:
+#   JSON.generate(:foo) # => '"foo"'
+#   JSON.generate(Complex(0, 0)) # => '"0+0i"'
+#   JSON.generate(Dir.new('.')) # => '"#<Dir>"'
+#
+# ==== Generating Options
+#
+# ====== Input Options
 #
-# <tt>JSON.generate</tt> only allows objects or arrays to be converted
-# to JSON syntax. <tt>to_json</tt>, however, accepts many Ruby classes
-# even though it acts only as a method for serialization:
+# Option +allow_nan+ (boolean) specifies whether
+# +NaN+, +Infinity+, and <tt>-Infinity</tt> may be generated;
+# defaults to +false+.
 #
+# With the default, +false+:
+#   # Raises JSON::GeneratorError (920: NaN not allowed in JSON):
+#   JSON.generate(JSON::NaN)
+#   # Raises JSON::GeneratorError (917: Infinity not allowed in JSON):
+#   JSON.generate(JSON::Infinity)
+#   # Raises JSON::GeneratorError (917: -Infinity not allowed in JSON):
+#   JSON.generate(JSON::MinusInfinity)
+#
+# Allow:
+#   ruby = [Float::NaN, Float::Infinity, Float::MinusInfinity]
+#   JSON.generate(ruby, allow_nan: true) # => '[NaN,Infinity,-Infinity]'
+#
+# ---
+#
+# Option +max_nesting+ (\Integer) specifies the maximum nesting depth
+# in +obj+; defaults to +100+.
+#
+# With the default, +100+:
+#   obj = [[[[[[0]]]]]]
+#   JSON.generate(obj) # => '[[[[[[0]]]]]]'
+#
+# Too deep:
+#   # Raises JSON::NestingError (nesting of 2 is too deep):
+#   JSON.generate(obj, max_nesting: 2)
+#
+# ====== Output Options
+#
+# The default formatting options generate the most compact
+# \JSON data, all on one line and with no whitespace.
+#
+# You can use these formatting options to generate
+# \JSON data in a more open format, using whitespace.
+# See also JSON.pretty_generate.
+#
+# - Option +array_nl+ (\String) specifies a string (usually a newline)
+#   to be inserted after each \JSON array; defaults to the empty \String, <tt>''</tt>.
+# - Option +object_nl+ (\String) specifies a string (usually a newline)
+#   to be inserted after each \JSON object; defaults to the empty \String, <tt>''</tt>.
+# - Option +indent+ (\String) specifies the string (usually spaces) to be
+#   used for indentation; defaults to the empty \String, <tt>''</tt>;
+#   defaults to the empty \String, <tt>''</tt>;
+#   has no effect unless options +array_nl+ or +object_nl+ specify newlines.
+# - Option +space+ (\String) specifies a string (usually a space) to be
+#   inserted after the colon in each \JSON object's pair;
+#   defaults to the empty \String, <tt>''</tt>.
+# - Option +space_before+ (\String) specifies a string (usually a space) to be
+#   inserted before the colon in each \JSON object's pair;
+#   defaults to the empty \String, <tt>''</tt>.
+#
+# In this example, +obj+ is used first to generate the shortest
+# \JSON data (no whitespace), then again with all formatting options
+# specified:
+#
+#   obj = {foo: [:bar, :baz], bat: {bam: 0, bad: 1}}
+#   json = JSON.generate(obj)
+#   puts 'Compact:', json
+#   opts = {
+#     array_nl: "\n",
+#     object_nl: "\n",
+#     indent: '  ',
+#     space_before: ' ',
+#     space: ' '
+#   }
+#   puts 'Open:', JSON.generate(obj, opts)
+#
+# Output:
+#   Compact:
+#   {"foo":["bar","baz"],"bat":{"bam":0,"bad":1}}
+#   Open:
+#   {
+#     "foo" : [
+#       "bar",
+#       "baz"
+#   ],
+#     "bat" : {
+#       "bam" : 0,
+#       "bad" : 1
+#     }
+#   }
+#
+# == \JSON Additions
+#
+# When you "round trip" a non-\String object from Ruby to \JSON and back,
+# you have a new \String, instead of the object you began with:
+#   ruby0 = Range.new(0, 2)
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0)
+#   json # => '0..2"'
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json)
+#   ruby1 # => '0..2'
+#   ruby1.class # => String
+#
+# You can use \JSON _additions_ to preserve the original object.
+# The addition is an extension of a ruby class, so that:
+# - \JSON.generate stores more information in the \JSON string.
+# - \JSON.parse, called with option +create_additions+,
+#   uses that information to create a proper Ruby object.
+#
+# This example shows a \Range being generated into \JSON
+# and parsed back into Ruby, both without and with
+# the addition for \Range:
+#   ruby = Range.new(0, 2)
+#   # This passage does not use the addition for Range.
+#   json0 = JSON.generate(ruby)
+#   ruby0 = JSON.parse(json0)
+#   # This passage uses the addition for Range.
+#   require 'json/add/range'
+#   json1 = JSON.generate(ruby)
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json1, create_additions: true)
+#   # Make a nice display.
+#   display = <<EOT
+#   Generated JSON:
+#     Without addition:  #{json0} (#{json0.class})
+#     With addition:     #{json1} (#{json1.class})
+#   Parsed JSON:
+#     Without addition:  #{ruby0.inspect} (#{ruby0.class})
+#     With addition:     #{ruby1.inspect} (#{ruby1.class})
+#   EOT
+#   puts display
+#
+# This output shows the different results:
+#   Generated JSON:
+#     Without addition:  "0..2" (String)
+#     With addition:     {"json_class":"Range","a":[0,2,false]} (String)
+#   Parsed JSON:
+#     Without addition:  "0..2" (String)
+#     With addition:     0..2 (Range)
+#
+# The \JSON module includes additions for certain classes.
+# You can also craft custom additions.
+# See {Custom \JSON Additions}[#module-JSON-label-Custom+JSON+Additions].
+#
+# === Built-in Additions
+#
+# The \JSON module includes additions for certain classes.
+# To use an addition, +require+ its source:
+# - BigDecimal: <tt>require 'json/add/bigdecimal'</tt>
+# - Complex: <tt>require 'json/add/complex'</tt>
+# - Date: <tt>require 'json/add/date'</tt>
+# - DateTime: <tt>require 'json/add/date_time'</tt>
+# - Exception: <tt>require 'json/add/exception'</tt>
+# - OpenStruct: <tt>require 'json/add/ostruct'</tt>
+# - Range: <tt>require 'json/add/range'</tt>
+# - Rational: <tt>require 'json/add/rational'</tt>
+# - Regexp: <tt>require 'json/add/regexp'</tt>
+# - Set: <tt>require 'json/add/set'</tt>
+# - Struct: <tt>require 'json/add/struct'</tt>
+# - Symbol: <tt>require 'json/add/symbol'</tt>
+# - Time: <tt>require 'json/add/time'</tt>
+#
+# To reduce punctuation clutter, the examples below
+# show the generated \JSON via +puts+, rather than the usual +inspect+,
+#
+# \BigDecimal:
+#   require 'json/add/bigdecimal'
+#   ruby0 = BigDecimal(0) # 0.0
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0) # {"json_class":"BigDecimal","b":"27:0.0"}
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json, create_additions: true) # 0.0
+#   ruby1.class # => BigDecimal
+#
+# \Complex:
+#   require 'json/add/complex'
+#   ruby0 = Complex(1+0i) # 1+0i
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0) # {"json_class":"Complex","r":1,"i":0}
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json, create_additions: true) # 1+0i
+#   ruby1.class # Complex
+#
+# \Date:
+#   require 'json/add/date'
+#   ruby0 = Date.today # 2020-05-02
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0) # {"json_class":"Date","y":2020,"m":5,"d":2,"sg":2299161.0}
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json, create_additions: true) # 2020-05-02
+#   ruby1.class # Date
+#
+# \DateTime:
+#   require 'json/add/date_time'
+#   ruby0 = DateTime.now # 2020-05-02T10:38:13-05:00
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0) # {"json_class":"DateTime","y":2020,"m":5,"d":2,"H":10,"M":38,"S":13,"of":"-5/24","sg":2299161.0}
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json, create_additions: true) # 2020-05-02T10:38:13-05:00
+#   ruby1.class # DateTime
+#
+# \Exception (and its subclasses including \RuntimeError):
+#   require 'json/add/exception'
+#   ruby0 = Exception.new('A message') # A message
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0) # {"json_class":"Exception","m":"A message","b":null}
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json, create_additions: true) # A message
+#   ruby1.class # Exception
+#   ruby0 = RuntimeError.new('Another message') # Another message
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0) # {"json_class":"RuntimeError","m":"Another message","b":null}
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json, create_additions: true) # Another message
+#   ruby1.class # RuntimeError
+#
+# \OpenStruct:
+#   require 'json/add/ostruct'
+#   ruby0 = OpenStruct.new(name: 'Matz', language: 'Ruby') # #<OpenStruct name="Matz", language="Ruby">
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0) # {"json_class":"OpenStruct","t":{"name":"Matz","language":"Ruby"}}
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json, create_additions: true) # #<OpenStruct name="Matz", language="Ruby">
+#   ruby1.class # OpenStruct
+#
+# \Range:
+#   require 'json/add/range'
+#   ruby0 = Range.new(0, 2) # 0..2
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0) # {"json_class":"Range","a":[0,2,false]}
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json, create_additions: true) # 0..2
+#   ruby1.class # Range
+#
+# \Rational:
+#   require 'json/add/rational'
+#   ruby0 = Rational(1, 3) # 1/3
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0) # {"json_class":"Rational","n":1,"d":3}
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json, create_additions: true) # 1/3
+#   ruby1.class # Rational
+#
+# \Regexp:
+#   require 'json/add/regexp'
+#   ruby0 = Regexp.new('foo') # (?-mix:foo)
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0) # {"json_class":"Regexp","o":0,"s":"foo"}
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json, create_additions: true) # (?-mix:foo)
+#   ruby1.class # Regexp
+#
+# \Set:
+#   require 'json/add/set'
+#   ruby0 = Set.new([0, 1, 2]) # #<Set: {0, 1, 2}>
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0) # {"json_class":"Set","a":[0,1,2]}
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json, create_additions: true) # #<Set: {0, 1, 2}>
+#   ruby1.class # Set
+#
+# \Struct:
+#   require 'json/add/struct'
+#   Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address) # Customer
+#   ruby0 = Customer.new("Dave", "123 Main") # #<struct Customer name="Dave", address="123 Main">
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0) # {"json_class":"Customer","v":["Dave","123 Main"]}
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json, create_additions: true) # #<struct Customer name="Dave", address="123 Main">
+#   ruby1.class # Customer
+  #
+# \Symbol:
+#   require 'json/add/symbol'
+#   ruby0 = :foo # foo
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0) # {"json_class":"Symbol","s":"foo"}
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json, create_additions: true) # foo
+#   ruby1.class # Symbol
+#
+# \Time:
+#   require 'json/add/time'
+#   ruby0 = Time.now # 2020-05-02 11:28:26 -0500
+#   json = JSON.generate(ruby0) # {"json_class":"Time","s":1588436906,"n":840560000}
+#   ruby1 = JSON.parse(json, create_additions: true) # 2020-05-02 11:28:26 -0500
+#   ruby1.class # Time
+#
+#
+# === Custom \JSON Additions
+#
+# In addition to the \JSON additions provided,
+# you can craft \JSON additions of your own,
+# either for Ruby built-in classes or for user-defined classes.
+#
+# Here's a user-defined class +Foo+:
+#   class Foo
+#     attr_accessor :bar, :baz
+#     def initialize(bar, baz)
+#       self.bar = bar
+#       self.baz = baz
+#     end
+#   end
+#
+# Here's the \JSON addition for it:
+#   # Extend class Foo with JSON addition.
+#   class Foo
+#     # Serialize Foo object with its class name and arguments
+#     def to_json(*args)
+#       {
+#         JSON.create_id  => self.class.name,
+#         'a'             => [ bar, baz ]
+#       }.to_json(*args)
+#     end
+#     # Deserialize JSON string by constructing new Foo object with arguments.
+#     def self.json_create(object)
+#       new(*object['a'])
+#     end
+#   end
+#
+# Demonstration:
 #   require 'json'
+#   # This Foo object has no custom addition.
+#   foo0 = Foo.new(0, 1)
+#   json0 = JSON.generate(foo0)
+#   obj0 = JSON.parse(json0)
+#   # Lood the custom addition.
+#   require_relative 'foo_addition'
+#   # This foo has the custom addition.
+#   foo1 = Foo.new(0, 1)
+#   json1 = JSON.generate(foo1)
+#   obj1 = JSON.parse(json1, create_additions: true)
+#   #   Make a nice display.
+#   display = <<EOT
+#   Generated JSON:
+#     Without custom addition:  #{json0} (#{json0.class})
+#     With custom addition:     #{json1} (#{json1.class})
+#   Parsed JSON:
+#     Without custom addition:  #{obj0.inspect} (#{obj0.class})
+#     With custom addition:     #{obj1.inspect} (#{obj1.class})
+#   EOT
+#   puts display
+#
+# Output:
 #
-#   1.to_json => "1"
+#   Generated JSON:
+#     Without custom addition:  "#<Foo:0x0000000006534e80>" (String)
+#     With custom addition:     {"json_class":"Foo","a":[0,1]} (String)
+#   Parsed JSON:
+#     Without custom addition:  "#<Foo:0x0000000006534e80>" (String)
+#     With custom addition:     #<Foo:0x0000000006473bb8 @bar=0, @baz=1> (Foo)
 #
 module JSON
   require 'json/version'