json 2.9.0 → 2.10.0

data/ext/json/ext/generator/generator.c

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ typedef struct JSON_Generator_StateStruct {
     VALUE space_before;
     VALUE object_nl;
     VALUE array_nl;
+    VALUE as_json;
 
     long max_nesting;
     long depth;
@@ -27,11 +28,11 @@ typedef struct JSON_Generator_StateStruct {
 #define RB_UNLIKELY(cond) (cond)
 #endif
 
-static VALUE mJSON, cState, mString_Extend, eGeneratorError, eNestingError, Encoding_UTF_8;
+static VALUE mJSON, cState, cFragment, mString_Extend, eGeneratorError, eNestingError, Encoding_UTF_8;
 
 static ID i_to_s, i_to_json, i_new, i_pack, i_unpack, i_create_id, i_extend, i_encode;
-static ID sym_indent, sym_space, sym_space_before, sym_object_nl, sym_array_nl, sym_max_nesting, sym_allow_nan,
-          sym_ascii_only, sym_depth, sym_buffer_initial_length, sym_script_safe, sym_escape_slash, sym_strict;
+static VALUE sym_indent, sym_space, sym_space_before, sym_object_nl, sym_array_nl, sym_max_nesting, sym_allow_nan,
+             sym_ascii_only, sym_depth, sym_buffer_initial_length, sym_script_safe, sym_escape_slash, sym_strict, sym_as_json;
 
 
 #define GET_STATE_TO(self, state) \
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ static void generate_json_integer(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *da
 static void generate_json_fixnum(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
 static void generate_json_bignum(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
 static void generate_json_float(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
+static void generate_json_fragment(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj);
 
 static int usascii_encindex, utf8_encindex, binary_encindex;
 
@@ -96,6 +98,75 @@ static void raise_generator_error(VALUE invalid_object, const char *fmt, ...)
     raise_generator_error_str(invalid_object, str);
 }
 
+// 0 - single byte char that don't need to be escaped.
+// (x | 8) - char that needs to be escaped.
+static const unsigned char CHAR_LENGTH_MASK = 7;
+static const unsigned char ESCAPE_MASK = 8;
+
+typedef struct _search_state {
+    const char *ptr;
+    const char *end;
+    const char *cursor;
+    FBuffer *buffer;
+} search_state;
+
+static inline void search_flush(search_state *search)
+{
+    fbuffer_append(search->buffer, search->cursor, search->ptr - search->cursor);
+    search->cursor = search->ptr;
+}
+
+static const unsigned char escape_table_basic[256] = {
+    // ASCII Control Characters
+     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    // ASCII Characters
+     0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // '"'
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, // '\\'
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+};
+
+static inline unsigned char search_escape_basic(search_state *search)
+{
+    while (search->ptr < search->end) {
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(escape_table_basic[(const unsigned char)*search->ptr])) {
+            search_flush(search);
+            return 1;
+        } else {
+            search->ptr++;
+        }
+    }
+    search_flush(search);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void escape_UTF8_char_basic(search_state *search) {
+    const unsigned char ch = (unsigned char)*search->ptr;
+    switch (ch) {
+        case '"':  fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\\"", 2); break;
+        case '\\': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\\\", 2); break;
+        case '/':  fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\/", 2);  break;
+        case '\b': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\b", 2);  break;
+        case '\f': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\f", 2);  break;
+        case '\n': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\n", 2);  break;
+        case '\r': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\r", 2);  break;
+        case '\t': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\t", 2);  break;
+        default: {
+            const char *hexdig = "0123456789abcdef";
+            char scratch[6] = { '\\', 'u', '0', '0', 0, 0 };
+            scratch[4] = hexdig[(ch >> 4) & 0xf];
+            scratch[5] = hexdig[ch & 0xf];
+            fbuffer_append(search->buffer, scratch, 6);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    search->ptr++;
+    search->cursor = search->ptr;
+}
+
 /* Converts in_string to a JSON string (without the wrapping '"'
  * characters) in FBuffer out_buffer.
  *
@@ -106,282 +177,241 @@ static void raise_generator_error(VALUE invalid_object, const char *fmt, ...)
  *
  * - If out_ascii_only: non-ASCII characters (>0x7F)
  *
- * - If out_script_safe: forwardslash, line separator (U+2028), and
+ * - If script_safe: forwardslash (/), line separator (U+2028), and
  *   paragraph separator (U+2029)
  *
  * Everything else (should be UTF-8) is just passed through and
  * appended to the result.
  */
-static void convert_UTF8_to_JSON(FBuffer *out_buffer, VALUE str, const char escape_table[256], bool out_script_safe)
+static inline void convert_UTF8_to_JSON(search_state *search)
 {
-    const char *hexdig = "0123456789abcdef";
-    char scratch[12] = { '\\', 'u', 0, 0, 0, 0, '\\', 'u' };
-
-    const char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    unsigned long len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-
-    unsigned long beg = 0, pos = 0;
-
-#define FLUSH_POS(bytes) if (pos > beg) { fbuffer_append(out_buffer, &ptr[beg], pos - beg); } pos += bytes; beg = pos;
-
-    while (pos < len) {
-        unsigned char ch = ptr[pos];
-        unsigned char ch_len = escape_table[ch];
-        /* JSON encoding */
+    while (search_escape_basic(search)) {
+        escape_UTF8_char_basic(search);
+    }
+}
 
-        if (RB_UNLIKELY(ch_len)) {
-            switch (ch_len) {
-                case 1: {
-                    FLUSH_POS(1);
-                    switch (ch) {
-                        case '"':  fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\\"", 2); break;
-                        case '\\': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\\\", 2); break;
-                        case '/':  fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\/", 2); break;
-                        case '\b': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\b", 2); break;
-                        case '\f': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\f", 2); break;
-                        case '\n': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\n", 2); break;
-                        case '\r': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\r", 2); break;
-                        case '\t': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\t", 2); break;
-                        default: {
-                            scratch[2] = '0';
-                            scratch[3] = '0';
-                            scratch[4] = hexdig[(ch >> 4) & 0xf];
-                            scratch[5] = hexdig[ch & 0xf];
-                            fbuffer_append(out_buffer, scratch, 6);
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
+static inline void escape_UTF8_char(search_state *search, unsigned char ch_len) {
+    const unsigned char ch = (unsigned char)*search->ptr;
+    switch (ch_len) {
+        case 1: {
+            switch (ch) {
+                case '"':  fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\\"", 2); break;
+                case '\\': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\\\", 2); break;
+                case '/':  fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\/", 2);  break;
+                case '\b': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\b", 2);  break;
+                case '\f': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\f", 2);  break;
+                case '\n': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\n", 2);  break;
+                case '\r': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\r", 2);  break;
+                case '\t': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\t", 2);  break;
+                default: {
+                    const char *hexdig = "0123456789abcdef";
+                    char scratch[6] = { '\\', 'u', '0', '0', 0, 0 };
+                    scratch[4] = hexdig[(ch >> 4) & 0xf];
+                    scratch[5] = hexdig[ch & 0xf];
+                    fbuffer_append(search->buffer, scratch, 6);
                     break;
                 }
-                case 3: {
-                    unsigned char b2 = ptr[pos + 1];
-                    if (RB_UNLIKELY(out_script_safe && ch == 0xE2 && b2 == 0x80)) {
-                        unsigned char b3 = ptr[pos + 2];
-                        if (b3 == 0xA8) {
-                            FLUSH_POS(3);
-                            fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\u2028", 6);
-                            break;
-                        } else if (b3 == 0xA9) {
-                            FLUSH_POS(3);
-                            fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\u2029", 6);
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    // fallthrough
-                }
-                default:
-                    pos += ch_len;
-                    break;
             }
-        } else {
-            pos++;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 3: {
+            if (search->ptr[2] & 1) {
+                fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\u2029", 6);
+            } else {
+                fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\u2028", 6);
+            }
+            break;
         }
     }
-#undef FLUSH_POS
-
-    if (beg < len) {
-        fbuffer_append(out_buffer, &ptr[beg], len - beg);
-    }
-
-    RB_GC_GUARD(str);
+    search->cursor = (search->ptr += ch_len);
 }
 
-static const char escape_table[256] = {
-    // ASCII Control Characters
-    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
-    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
-    // ASCII Characters
-    0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, // '"'
-    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
-    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
-    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0, // '\\'
-    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
-    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
-    // Continuation byte
-    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
-    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
-    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
-    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
-    // First byte of a 2-byte code point
-    2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
-    2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
-    // First byte of a 4-byte code point
-    3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,
-    //First byte of a 4+byte code point
-    4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,6,6,1,1,
-};
-
-static const char script_safe_escape_table[256] = {
+static const unsigned char script_safe_escape_table[256] = {
     // ASCII Control Characters
-    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
-    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
     // ASCII Characters
-    0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1, // '"' and '/'
-    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
-    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
-    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0, // '\\'
-    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
-    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+     0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, // '"' and '/'
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, // '\\'
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     // Continuation byte
-    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
-    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
-    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
-    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
     // First byte of a 2-byte code point
-    2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
-    2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
-    // First byte of a 4-byte code point
-    3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,
-    //First byte of a 4+byte code point
-    4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,6,6,1,1,
+     2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
+     2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
+    // First byte of a 3-byte code point
+     3, 3,11, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, // 0xE2 is the start of \u2028 and \u2029
+    //First byte of a 4+ byte code point
+     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 9, 9,
 };
 
-static void convert_ASCII_to_JSON(FBuffer *out_buffer, VALUE str, const char escape_table[256])
+static inline unsigned char search_script_safe_escape(search_state *search)
 {
-    const char *hexdig = "0123456789abcdef";
-    char scratch[12] = { '\\', 'u', 0, 0, 0, 0, '\\', 'u' };
+    while (search->ptr < search->end) {
+        unsigned char ch = (unsigned char)*search->ptr;
+        unsigned char ch_len = script_safe_escape_table[ch];
 
-    const char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    unsigned long len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-
-    unsigned long beg = 0, pos;
-
-    for (pos = 0; pos < len;) {
-        unsigned char ch = ptr[pos];
-        /* JSON encoding */
-        if (escape_table[ch]) {
-            if (pos > beg) {
-                fbuffer_append(out_buffer, &ptr[beg], pos - beg);
-            }
-
-            beg = pos + 1;
-            switch (ch) {
-                case '"':  fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\\"", 2); break;
-                case '\\': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\\\", 2); break;
-                case '/':  fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\/", 2); break;
-                case '\b': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\b", 2); break;
-                case '\f': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\f", 2); break;
-                case '\n': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\n", 2); break;
-                case '\r': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\r", 2); break;
-                case '\t': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\t", 2); break;
-                default:
-                    scratch[2] = '0';
-                    scratch[3] = '0';
-                    scratch[4] = hexdig[(ch >> 4) & 0xf];
-                    scratch[5] = hexdig[ch & 0xf];
-                    fbuffer_append(out_buffer, scratch, 6);
+        if (RB_UNLIKELY(ch_len)) {
+            if (ch_len & ESCAPE_MASK) {
+                if (RB_UNLIKELY(ch_len == 11)) {
+                    const unsigned char *uptr = (const unsigned char *)search->ptr;
+                    if (!(uptr[1] == 0x80 && (uptr[2] >> 1) == 0x54)) {
+                        search->ptr += 3;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                search_flush(search);
+                return ch_len & CHAR_LENGTH_MASK;
+            } else {
+                search->ptr += ch_len;
             }
+        } else {
+            search->ptr++;
         }
-
-        pos++;
     }
-
-    if (beg < len) {
-        fbuffer_append(out_buffer, &ptr[beg], len - beg);
-    }
-
-    RB_GC_GUARD(str);
+    search_flush(search);
+    return 0;
 }
 
-static void convert_UTF8_to_ASCII_only_JSON(FBuffer *out_buffer, VALUE str, const char escape_table[256], bool out_script_safe)
+static void convert_UTF8_to_script_safe_JSON(search_state *search)
 {
-    const char *hexdig = "0123456789abcdef";
-    char scratch[12] = { '\\', 'u', 0, 0, 0, 0, '\\', 'u' };
-
-    const char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    unsigned long len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-
-    unsigned long beg = 0, pos = 0;
+    unsigned char ch_len;
+    while ((ch_len = search_script_safe_escape(search))) {
+        escape_UTF8_char(search, ch_len);
+    }
+}
 
-#define FLUSH_POS(bytes) if (pos > beg) { fbuffer_append(out_buffer, &ptr[beg], pos - beg); } pos += bytes; beg = pos;
+static const unsigned char ascii_only_escape_table[256] = {
+    // ASCII Control Characters
+     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+     9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+    // ASCII Characters
+     0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // '"'
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, // '\\'
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    // Continuation byte
+     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+    // First byte of a  2-byte code point
+     2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
+     2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
+    // First byte of a 3-byte code point
+     3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
+    //First byte of a 4+ byte code point
+     4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 9, 9,
+};
 
-    while (pos < len) {
-        unsigned char ch = ptr[pos];
+static inline unsigned char search_ascii_only_escape(search_state *search, const unsigned char escape_table[256])
+{
+    while (search->ptr < search->end) {
+        unsigned char ch = (unsigned char)*search->ptr;
         unsigned char ch_len = escape_table[ch];
 
         if (RB_UNLIKELY(ch_len)) {
-            switch (ch_len) {
-                case 1: {
-                    FLUSH_POS(1);
-                    switch (ch) {
-                        case '"':  fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\\"", 2); break;
-                        case '\\': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\\\", 2); break;
-                        case '/':  fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\/", 2); break;
-                        case '\b': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\b", 2); break;
-                        case '\f': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\f", 2); break;
-                        case '\n': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\n", 2); break;
-                        case '\r': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\r", 2); break;
-                        case '\t': fbuffer_append(out_buffer, "\\t", 2); break;
-                        default: {
-                            scratch[2] = '0';
-                            scratch[3] = '0';
-                            scratch[4] = hexdig[(ch >> 4) & 0xf];
-                            scratch[5] = hexdig[ch & 0xf];
-                            fbuffer_append(out_buffer, scratch, 6);
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
+            search_flush(search);
+            return ch_len & CHAR_LENGTH_MASK;
+        } else {
+            search->ptr++;
+        }
+    }
+    search_flush(search);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void full_escape_UTF8_char(search_state *search, unsigned char ch_len) {
+    const unsigned char ch = (unsigned char)*search->ptr;
+    switch (ch_len) {
+        case 1: {
+            switch (ch) {
+                case '"':  fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\\"", 2); break;
+                case '\\': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\\\", 2); break;
+                case '/':  fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\/", 2);  break;
+                case '\b': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\b", 2);  break;
+                case '\f': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\f", 2);  break;
+                case '\n': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\n", 2);  break;
+                case '\r': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\r", 2);  break;
+                case '\t': fbuffer_append(search->buffer, "\\t", 2);  break;
+                default: {
+                    const char *hexdig = "0123456789abcdef";
+                    char scratch[6] = { '\\', 'u', '0', '0', 0, 0 };
+                    scratch[4] = hexdig[(ch >> 4) & 0xf];
+                    scratch[5] = hexdig[ch & 0xf];
+                    fbuffer_append(search->buffer, scratch, 6);
                     break;
                 }
-                default: {
-                    uint32_t wchar = 0;
-                    switch(ch_len) {
-                        case 2:
-                            wchar = ptr[pos] & 0x1F;
-                            break;
-                        case 3:
-                            wchar = ptr[pos] & 0x0F;
-                            break;
-                        case 4:
-                            wchar = ptr[pos] & 0x07;
-                            break;
-                    }
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        default: {
+            const char *hexdig = "0123456789abcdef";
+            char scratch[12] = { '\\', 'u', 0, 0, 0, 0, '\\', 'u' };
 
-                    for (short i = 1; i < ch_len; i++) {
-                        wchar = (wchar << 6) | (ptr[pos+i] & 0x3F);
-                    }
+            uint32_t wchar = 0;
 
-                    FLUSH_POS(ch_len);
+            switch(ch_len) {
+                case 2:
+                    wchar = ch & 0x1F;
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    wchar = ch & 0x0F;
+                    break;
+                case 4:
+                    wchar = ch & 0x07;
+                    break;
+            }
 
-                    if (wchar <= 0xFFFF) {
-                        scratch[2] = hexdig[wchar >> 12];
-                        scratch[3] = hexdig[(wchar >> 8) & 0xf];
-                        scratch[4] = hexdig[(wchar >> 4) & 0xf];
-                        scratch[5] = hexdig[wchar & 0xf];
-                        fbuffer_append(out_buffer, scratch, 6);
-                    } else {
-                        uint16_t hi, lo;
-                        wchar -= 0x10000;
-                        hi = 0xD800 + (uint16_t)(wchar >> 10);
-                        lo = 0xDC00 + (uint16_t)(wchar & 0x3FF);
-
-                        scratch[2] = hexdig[hi >> 12];
-                        scratch[3] = hexdig[(hi >> 8) & 0xf];
-                        scratch[4] = hexdig[(hi >> 4) & 0xf];
-                        scratch[5] = hexdig[hi & 0xf];
-
-                        scratch[8] = hexdig[lo >> 12];
-                        scratch[9] = hexdig[(lo >> 8) & 0xf];
-                        scratch[10] = hexdig[(lo >> 4) & 0xf];
-                        scratch[11] = hexdig[lo & 0xf];
-
-                        fbuffer_append(out_buffer, scratch, 12);
-                    }
+            for (short i = 1; i < ch_len; i++) {
+                wchar = (wchar << 6) | (search->ptr[i] & 0x3F);
+            }
 
-                    break;
-                }
+            if (wchar <= 0xFFFF) {
+                scratch[2] = hexdig[wchar >> 12];
+                scratch[3] = hexdig[(wchar >> 8) & 0xf];
+                scratch[4] = hexdig[(wchar >> 4) & 0xf];
+                scratch[5] = hexdig[wchar & 0xf];
+                fbuffer_append(search->buffer, scratch, 6);
+            } else {
+                uint16_t hi, lo;
+                wchar -= 0x10000;
+                hi = 0xD800 + (uint16_t)(wchar >> 10);
+                lo = 0xDC00 + (uint16_t)(wchar & 0x3FF);
+
+                scratch[2] = hexdig[hi >> 12];
+                scratch[3] = hexdig[(hi >> 8) & 0xf];
+                scratch[4] = hexdig[(hi >> 4) & 0xf];
+                scratch[5] = hexdig[hi & 0xf];
+
+                scratch[8] = hexdig[lo >> 12];
+                scratch[9] = hexdig[(lo >> 8) & 0xf];
+                scratch[10] = hexdig[(lo >> 4) & 0xf];
+                scratch[11] = hexdig[lo & 0xf];
+
+                fbuffer_append(search->buffer, scratch, 12);
             }
-        } else {
-            pos++;
+
+            break;
         }
     }
-#undef FLUSH_POS
+    search->cursor = (search->ptr += ch_len);
+}
 
-    if (beg < len) {
-        fbuffer_append(out_buffer, &ptr[beg], len - beg);
+static void convert_UTF8_to_ASCII_only_JSON(search_state *search, const unsigned char escape_table[256])
+{
+    unsigned char ch_len;
+    while ((ch_len = search_ascii_only_escape(search, escape_table))) {
+        full_escape_UTF8_char(search, ch_len);
     }
-
-    RB_GC_GUARD(str);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -674,6 +704,7 @@ static void State_mark(void *ptr)
     rb_gc_mark_movable(state->space_before);
     rb_gc_mark_movable(state->object_nl);
     rb_gc_mark_movable(state->array_nl);
+    rb_gc_mark_movable(state->as_json);
 }
 
 static void State_compact(void *ptr)
@@ -684,6 +715,7 @@ static void State_compact(void *ptr)
     state->space_before = rb_gc_location(state->space_before);
     state->object_nl = rb_gc_location(state->object_nl);
     state->array_nl = rb_gc_location(state->array_nl);
+    state->as_json = rb_gc_location(state->as_json);
 }
 
 static void State_free(void *ptr)
@@ -740,6 +772,7 @@ static void vstate_spill(struct generate_json_data *data)
     RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(vstate, Qundef, state->space_before);
     RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(vstate, Qundef, state->object_nl);
     RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(vstate, Qundef, state->array_nl);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(vstate, Qundef, state->as_json);
 }
 
 static inline VALUE vstate_get(struct generate_json_data *data)
@@ -808,15 +841,19 @@ json_object_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE _arg)
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
-static void generate_json_object(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+static inline long increase_depth(JSON_Generator_State *state)
 {
-    long max_nesting = state->max_nesting;
     long depth = ++state->depth;
-    int j;
-
-    if (max_nesting != 0 && depth > max_nesting) {
+    if (RB_UNLIKELY(depth > state->max_nesting && state->max_nesting)) {
         rb_raise(eNestingError, "nesting of %ld is too deep", --state->depth);
     }
+    return depth;
+}
+
+static void generate_json_object(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+{
+    int j;
+    long depth = increase_depth(state);
 
     if (RHASH_SIZE(obj) == 0) {
         fbuffer_append(buffer, "{}", 2);
@@ -846,12 +883,8 @@ static void generate_json_object(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *dat
 
 static void generate_json_array(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
 {
-    long max_nesting = state->max_nesting;
-    long depth = ++state->depth;
     int i, j;
-    if (max_nesting != 0 && depth > max_nesting) {
-        rb_raise(eNestingError, "nesting of %ld is too deep", --state->depth);
-    }
+    long depth = increase_depth(state);
 
     if (RARRAY_LEN(obj) == 0) {
         fbuffer_append(buffer, "[]", 2);
@@ -933,15 +966,22 @@ static void generate_json_string(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *dat
 
     fbuffer_append_char(buffer, '"');
 
+    long len;
+    search_state search;
+    search.buffer = buffer;
+    RSTRING_GETMEM(obj, search.ptr, len);
+    search.cursor = search.ptr;
+    search.end = search.ptr + len;
+
     switch(rb_enc_str_coderange(obj)) {
         case ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT:
-            convert_ASCII_to_JSON(buffer, obj, state->script_safe ? script_safe_escape_table : escape_table);
-            break;
         case ENC_CODERANGE_VALID:
             if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->ascii_only)) {
-                convert_UTF8_to_ASCII_only_JSON(buffer, obj, state->script_safe ? script_safe_escape_table : escape_table, state->script_safe);
+                convert_UTF8_to_ASCII_only_JSON(&search, state->script_safe ? script_safe_escape_table : ascii_only_escape_table);
+            } else if (RB_UNLIKELY(state->script_safe)) {
+                convert_UTF8_to_script_safe_JSON(&search);
             } else {
-                convert_UTF8_to_JSON(buffer, obj, state->script_safe ? script_safe_escape_table : escape_table, state->script_safe);
+                convert_UTF8_to_JSON(&search);
             }
             break;
         default:
@@ -951,6 +991,29 @@ static void generate_json_string(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *dat
     fbuffer_append_char(buffer, '"');
 }
 
+static void generate_json_fallback(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE tmp;
+    if (rb_respond_to(obj, i_to_json)) {
+        tmp = rb_funcall(obj, i_to_json, 1, vstate_get(data));
+        Check_Type(tmp, T_STRING);
+        fbuffer_append_str(buffer, tmp);
+    } else {
+        tmp = rb_funcall(obj, i_to_s, 0);
+        Check_Type(tmp, T_STRING);
+        generate_json_string(buffer, data, state, tmp);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void generate_json_symbol(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (state->strict) {
+        generate_json_string(buffer, data, state, rb_sym2str(obj));
+    } else {
+        generate_json_fallback(buffer, data, state, obj);
+    }
+}
+
 static void generate_json_null(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
 {
     fbuffer_append(buffer, "null", 4);
@@ -991,18 +1054,34 @@ static void generate_json_float(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data
 {
     double value = RFLOAT_VALUE(obj);
     char allow_nan = state->allow_nan;
-    VALUE tmp = rb_funcall(obj, i_to_s, 0);
     if (!allow_nan) {
         if (isinf(value) || isnan(value)) {
-            raise_generator_error(obj, "%"PRIsVALUE" not allowed in JSON", tmp);
+            if (state->strict && state->as_json) {
+                VALUE casted_obj = rb_proc_call_with_block(state->as_json, 1, &obj, Qnil);
+                if (casted_obj != obj) {
+                    increase_depth(state);
+                    generate_json(buffer, data, state, casted_obj);
+                    state->depth--;
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            raise_generator_error(obj, "%"PRIsVALUE" not allowed in JSON", rb_funcall(obj, i_to_s, 0));
         }
     }
-    fbuffer_append_str(buffer, tmp);
+    fbuffer_append_str(buffer, rb_funcall(obj, i_to_s, 0));
+}
+
+static void generate_json_fragment(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE fragment = RSTRUCT_GET(obj, 0);
+    Check_Type(fragment, T_STRING);
+    fbuffer_append_str(buffer, fragment);
 }
 
 static void generate_json(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
 {
-    VALUE tmp;
+    bool as_json_called = false;
+start:
     if (obj == Qnil) {
         generate_json_null(buffer, data, state, obj);
     } else if (obj == Qfalse) {
@@ -1014,6 +1093,8 @@ static void generate_json(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON
             generate_json_fixnum(buffer, data, state, obj);
         } else if (RB_FLONUM_P(obj)) {
             generate_json_float(buffer, data, state, obj);
+        } else if (RB_STATIC_SYM_P(obj)) {
+            generate_json_symbol(buffer, data, state, obj);
         } else {
             goto general;
         }
@@ -1035,22 +1116,29 @@ static void generate_json(FBuffer *buffer, struct generate_json_data *data, JSON
                 if (klass != rb_cString) goto general;
                 generate_json_string(buffer, data, state, obj);
                 break;
+            case T_SYMBOL:
+                generate_json_symbol(buffer, data, state, obj);
+                break;
             case T_FLOAT:
                 if (klass != rb_cFloat) goto general;
                 generate_json_float(buffer, data, state, obj);
                 break;
+            case T_STRUCT:
+                if (klass != cFragment) goto general;
+                generate_json_fragment(buffer, data, state, obj);
+                break;
             default:
             general:
                 if (state->strict) {
-                    raise_generator_error(obj, "%"PRIsVALUE" not allowed in JSON", CLASS_OF(obj));
-                } else if (rb_respond_to(obj, i_to_json)) {
-                    tmp = rb_funcall(obj, i_to_json, 1, vstate_get(data));
-                    Check_Type(tmp, T_STRING);
-                    fbuffer_append_str(buffer, tmp);
+                    if (RTEST(state->as_json) && !as_json_called) {
+                        obj = rb_proc_call_with_block(state->as_json, 1, &obj, Qnil);
+                        as_json_called = true;
+                        goto start;
+                    } else {
+                        raise_generator_error(obj, "%"PRIsVALUE" not allowed in JSON", CLASS_OF(obj));
+                    }
                 } else {
-                    tmp = rb_funcall(obj, i_to_s, 0);
-                    Check_Type(tmp, T_STRING);
-                    generate_json_string(buffer, data, state, tmp);
+                    generate_json_fallback(buffer, data, state, obj);
                 }
         }
     }
@@ -1097,8 +1185,19 @@ static VALUE cState_partial_generate(VALUE self, VALUE obj, generator_func func,
     return fbuffer_finalize(&buffer);
 }
 
-static VALUE cState_generate(VALUE self, VALUE obj, VALUE io)
+/* call-seq:
+ *   generate(obj) -> String
+ *   generate(obj, anIO) -> anIO
+ *
+ * Generates a valid JSON document from object +obj+ and returns the
+ * result. If no valid JSON document can be created this method raises a
+ * GeneratorError exception.
+ */
+static VALUE cState_generate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
+    rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
+    VALUE obj = argv[0];
+    VALUE io = argc > 1 ? argv[1] : Qnil;
     VALUE result = cState_partial_generate(self, obj, generate_json, io);
     GET_STATE(self);
     (void)state;
@@ -1132,6 +1231,7 @@ static VALUE cState_init_copy(VALUE obj, VALUE orig)
     objState->space_before = origState->space_before;
     objState->object_nl = origState->object_nl;
     objState->array_nl = origState->array_nl;
+    objState->as_json = origState->as_json;
     return obj;
 }
 
@@ -1283,6 +1383,28 @@ static VALUE cState_array_nl_set(VALUE self, VALUE array_nl)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
+/*
+ * call-seq: as_json()
+ *
+ * This string is put at the end of a line that holds a JSON array.
+ */
+static VALUE cState_as_json(VALUE self)
+{
+    GET_STATE(self);
+    return state->as_json;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: as_json=(as_json)
+ *
+ * This string is put at the end of a line that holds a JSON array.
+ */
+static VALUE cState_as_json_set(VALUE self, VALUE as_json)
+{
+    GET_STATE(self);
+    RB_OBJ_WRITE(self, &state->as_json, rb_convert_type(as_json, T_DATA, "Proc", "to_proc"));
+    return Qnil;
+}
 
 /*
 * call-seq: check_circular?
@@ -1504,6 +1626,7 @@ static int configure_state_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE _arg)
     else if (key == sym_script_safe)           { state->script_safe = RTEST(val); }
     else if (key == sym_escape_slash)          { state->script_safe = RTEST(val); }
     else if (key == sym_strict)                { state->strict = RTEST(val); }
+    else if (key == sym_as_json)               { state->as_json = rb_convert_type(val, T_DATA, "Proc", "to_proc"); }
     return ST_CONTINUE;
 }
 
@@ -1564,6 +1687,10 @@ void Init_generator(void)
     rb_require("json/common");
 
     mJSON = rb_define_module("JSON");
+
+    rb_global_variable(&cFragment);
+    cFragment = rb_const_get(mJSON, rb_intern("Fragment"));
+
     VALUE mExt = rb_define_module_under(mJSON, "Ext");
     VALUE mGenerator = rb_define_module_under(mExt, "Generator");
 
@@ -1591,6 +1718,8 @@ void Init_generator(void)
     rb_define_method(cState, "object_nl=", cState_object_nl_set, 1);
     rb_define_method(cState, "array_nl", cState_array_nl, 0);
     rb_define_method(cState, "array_nl=", cState_array_nl_set, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cState, "as_json", cState_as_json, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cState, "as_json=", cState_as_json_set, 1);
     rb_define_method(cState, "max_nesting", cState_max_nesting, 0);
     rb_define_method(cState, "max_nesting=", cState_max_nesting_set, 1);
     rb_define_method(cState, "script_safe", cState_script_safe, 0);
@@ -1611,7 +1740,8 @@ void Init_generator(void)
     rb_define_method(cState, "depth=", cState_depth_set, 1);
     rb_define_method(cState, "buffer_initial_length", cState_buffer_initial_length, 0);
     rb_define_method(cState, "buffer_initial_length=", cState_buffer_initial_length_set, 1);
-    rb_define_private_method(cState, "_generate", cState_generate, 2);
+    rb_define_method(cState, "generate", cState_generate, -1);
+    rb_define_alias(cState, "generate_new", "generate"); // :nodoc:
 
     rb_define_singleton_method(cState, "generate", cState_m_generate, 3);
 
@@ -1682,6 +1812,7 @@ void Init_generator(void)
     sym_script_safe = ID2SYM(rb_intern("script_safe"));
     sym_escape_slash = ID2SYM(rb_intern("escape_slash"));
     sym_strict = ID2SYM(rb_intern("strict"));
+    sym_as_json = ID2SYM(rb_intern("as_json"));
 
     usascii_encindex = rb_usascii_encindex();
     utf8_encindex = rb_utf8_encindex();