json 2.4.0 → 2.4.1
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- checksums.yaml +4 -4
- data/CHANGES.md +14 -0
- data/VERSION +1 -1
- data/json.gemspec +4 -71
- data/lib/json/version.rb +1 -1
- data/tests/fixtures/fail29.json +1 -0
- data/tests/fixtures/fail30.json +1 -0
- data/tests/fixtures/fail31.json +1 -0
- data/tests/fixtures/fail32.json +1 -0
- metadata +10 -37
- data/.gitignore +0 -18
- data/.travis.yml +0 -23
- data/README-json-jruby.md +0 -33
- data/Rakefile +0 -334
- data/diagrams/.keep +0 -0
- data/install.rb +0 -23
- data/java/src/json/ext/ByteListTranscoder.java +0 -166
- data/java/src/json/ext/Generator.java +0 -447
- data/java/src/json/ext/GeneratorMethods.java +0 -231
- data/java/src/json/ext/GeneratorService.java +0 -42
- data/java/src/json/ext/GeneratorState.java +0 -520
- data/java/src/json/ext/OptionsReader.java +0 -113
- data/java/src/json/ext/Parser.java +0 -2374
- data/java/src/json/ext/Parser.rl +0 -905
- data/java/src/json/ext/ParserService.java +0 -34
- data/java/src/json/ext/RuntimeInfo.java +0 -116
- data/java/src/json/ext/StringDecoder.java +0 -166
- data/java/src/json/ext/StringEncoder.java +0 -117
- data/java/src/json/ext/Utils.java +0 -88
- data/json-java.gemspec +0 -38
- data/json_pure.gemspec +0 -33
- data/references/rfc7159.txt +0 -899
- data/tools/diff.sh +0 -18
- data/tools/fuzz.rb +0 -131
- data/tools/server.rb +0 -62
data/json-java.gemspec
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# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
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spec = Gem::Specification.new do |s|
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s.name = "json"
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s.version = File.read("VERSION").chomp
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s.summary = "JSON Implementation for Ruby"
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s.description = "A JSON implementation as a JRuby extension."
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s.licenses = ["Ruby"]
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s.author = "Daniel Luz"
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s.email = "dev+ruby@mernen.com"
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s.platform = 'java'
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s.files = Dir["{docs,lib,tests}/**/*", "LICENSE"]
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s.homepage = "http://flori.github.com/json"
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s.metadata = {
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'bug_tracker_uri' => 'https://github.com/flori/json/issues',
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'changelog_uri' => 'https://github.com/flori/json/blob/master/CHANGES.md',
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'documentation_uri' => 'http://flori.github.io/json/doc/index.html',
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'homepage_uri' => 'http://flori.github.io/json/',
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'source_code_uri' => 'https://github.com/flori/json',
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'wiki_uri' => 'https://github.com/flori/json/wiki'
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}
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s.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 2.0")
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s.test_files = ["tests/test_helper.rb"]
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s.add_development_dependency("rake", [">= 0"])
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s.add_development_dependency("test-unit", [">= 2.0", "< 4.0"])
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end
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if $0 == __FILE__
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Gem::Builder.new(spec).build
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else
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spec
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end
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data/json_pure.gemspec
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s.version = File.read("VERSION").chomp
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s.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 0".freeze) if s.respond_to? :required_rubygems_version=
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s.require_paths = ["lib".freeze]
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s.authors = ["Florian Frank".freeze]
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s.description = "This is a JSON implementation in pure Ruby.".freeze
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s.email = "flori@ping.de".freeze
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s.extra_rdoc_files = ["README.md".freeze]
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s.files = ["./tests/test_helper.rb".freeze, ".gitignore".freeze, ".travis.yml".freeze, "CHANGES.md".freeze, "Gemfile".freeze, "LICENSE".freeze, "README-json-jruby.md".freeze, "README.md".freeze, "Rakefile".freeze, "VERSION".freeze, "diagrams/.keep".freeze, "ext/json/ext/fbuffer/fbuffer.h".freeze, "ext/json/ext/generator/depend".freeze, "ext/json/ext/generator/extconf.rb".freeze, "ext/json/ext/generator/generator.c".freeze, "ext/json/ext/generator/generator.h".freeze, "ext/json/ext/parser/depend".freeze, "ext/json/ext/parser/extconf.rb".freeze, "ext/json/ext/parser/parser.c".freeze, "ext/json/ext/parser/parser.h".freeze, "ext/json/ext/parser/parser.rl".freeze, "ext/json/extconf.rb".freeze, "install.rb".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/ByteListTranscoder.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/Generator.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/GeneratorMethods.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/GeneratorService.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/GeneratorState.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/OptionsReader.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/Parser.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/Parser.rl".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/ParserService.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/RuntimeInfo.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/StringDecoder.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/StringEncoder.java".freeze, "java/src/json/ext/Utils.java".freeze, "json-java.gemspec".freeze, "json.gemspec".freeze, "json_pure.gemspec".freeze, "lib/json.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/bigdecimal.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/complex.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/core.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/date.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/date_time.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/exception.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/ostruct.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/range.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/rational.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/regexp.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/set.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/struct.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/symbol.rb".freeze, "lib/json/add/time.rb".freeze, "lib/json/common.rb".freeze, "lib/json/ext.rb".freeze, "lib/json/ext/.keep".freeze, "lib/json/generic_object.rb".freeze, "lib/json/pure.rb".freeze, "lib/json/pure/generator.rb".freeze, "lib/json/pure/parser.rb".freeze, "lib/json/version.rb".freeze, "references/rfc7159.txt".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail10.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail11.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail12.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail13.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail14.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail18.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail19.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail2.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail20.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail21.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail22.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail23.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail24.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail25.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail27.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail28.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail3.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail4.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail5.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail6.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail7.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail8.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/fail9.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/obsolete_fail1.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/pass1.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/pass15.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/pass16.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/pass17.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/pass2.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/pass26.json".freeze, "tests/fixtures/pass3.json".freeze, "tests/json_addition_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_common_interface_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_encoding_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_ext_parser_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_fixtures_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_generator_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_generic_object_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_parser_test.rb".freeze, "tests/json_string_matching_test.rb".freeze, "tests/test_helper.rb".freeze, "tools/diff.sh".freeze, "tools/fuzz.rb".freeze, "tools/server.rb".freeze]
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s.homepage = "http://flori.github.com/json".freeze
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s.licenses = ["Ruby".freeze]
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s.rdoc_options = ["--title".freeze, "JSON implemention for ruby".freeze, "--main".freeze, "README.md".freeze]
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s.required_ruby_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 2.0".freeze)
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s.rubygems_version = "3.1.2".freeze
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s.summary = "JSON Implementation for Ruby".freeze
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s.add_dependency(%q<rake>.freeze, [">= 0"])
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s.add_dependency(%q<test-unit>.freeze, [">= 2.0", "< 4.0"])
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end
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data/references/rfc7159.txt
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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) T. Bray, Ed.
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Request for Comments: 7159 Google, Inc.
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Obsoletes: 4627, 7158 March 2014
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Category: Standards Track
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ISSN: 2070-1721
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The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format
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Abstract
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JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a lightweight, text-based,
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language-independent data interchange format. It was derived from
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the ECMAScript Programming Language Standard. JSON defines a small
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set of formatting rules for the portable representation of structured
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data.
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This document removes inconsistencies with other specifications of
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JSON, repairs specification errors, and offers experience-based
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interoperability guidance.
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Status of This Memo
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This is an Internet Standards Track document.
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This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
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(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
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received public review and has been approved for publication by the
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Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
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Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
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Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
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and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
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http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7159.
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Bray Standards Track [Page 1]
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RFC 7159 JSON March 2014
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Copyright Notice
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Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
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document authors. All rights reserved.
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This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
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(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
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publication of this document. Please review these documents
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carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
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to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
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include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
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the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
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described in the Simplified BSD License.
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This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
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Contributions published or made publicly available before November
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10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this
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material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow
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modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process.
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Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
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the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified
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outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may
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not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format
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it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other
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than English.
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Bray Standards Track [Page 2]
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RFC 7159 JSON March 2014
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Table of Contents
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1. Introduction ....................................................3
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1.1. Conventions Used in This Document ..........................4
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1.2. Specifications of JSON .....................................4
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1.3. Introduction to This Revision ..............................4
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2. JSON Grammar ....................................................4
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3. Values ..........................................................5
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4. Objects .........................................................6
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5. Arrays ..........................................................6
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6. Numbers .........................................................6
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7. Strings .........................................................8
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8. String and Character Issues .....................................9
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8.1. Character Encoding .........................................9
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8.2. Unicode Characters .........................................9
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8.3. String Comparison ..........................................9
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9. Parsers ........................................................10
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10. Generators ....................................................10
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11. IANA Considerations ...........................................10
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12. Security Considerations .......................................11
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13. Examples ......................................................12
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14. Contributors ..................................................13
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15.1. Normative References .....................................13
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15.2. Informative References ...................................13
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Appendix A. Changes from RFC 4627 .................................15
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1. Introduction
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JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a text format for the
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serialization of structured data. It is derived from the object
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literals of JavaScript, as defined in the ECMAScript Programming
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Language Standard, Third Edition [ECMA-262].
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JSON can represent four primitive types (strings, numbers, booleans,
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and null) and two structured types (objects and arrays).
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A string is a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters [UNICODE].
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Note that this citation references the latest version of Unicode
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rather than a specific release. It is not expected that future
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changes in the UNICODE specification will impact the syntax of JSON.
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An object is an unordered collection of zero or more name/value
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pairs, where a name is a string and a value is a string, number,
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boolean, null, object, or array.
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An array is an ordered sequence of zero or more values.
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Bray Standards Track [Page 3]
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RFC 7159 JSON March 2014
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The terms "object" and "array" come from the conventions of
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JavaScript.
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JSON's design goals were for it to be minimal, portable, textual, and
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a subset of JavaScript.
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1.1. Conventions Used in This Document
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The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
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"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
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document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
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The grammatical rules in this document are to be interpreted as
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described in [RFC5234].
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1.2. Specifications of JSON
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This document updates [RFC4627], which describes JSON and registers
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the media type "application/json".
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A description of JSON in ECMAScript terms appears in Version 5.1 of
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the ECMAScript specification [ECMA-262], Section 15.12. JSON is also
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described in [ECMA-404].
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All of the specifications of JSON syntax agree on the syntactic
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elements of the language.
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1.3. Introduction to This Revision
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In the years since the publication of RFC 4627, JSON has found very
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wide use. This experience has revealed certain patterns, which,
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while allowed by its specifications, have caused interoperability
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problems.
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Also, a small number of errata have been reported (see RFC Errata IDs
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607 [Err607] and 3607 [Err3607]).
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This document's goal is to apply the errata, remove inconsistencies
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with other specifications of JSON, and highlight practices that can
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lead to interoperability problems.
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2. JSON Grammar
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A JSON text is a sequence of tokens. The set of tokens includes six
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structural characters, strings, numbers, and three literal names.
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A JSON text is a serialized value. Note that certain previous
|
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specifications of JSON constrained a JSON text to be an object or an
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array. Implementations that generate only objects or arrays where a
|
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JSON text is called for will be interoperable in the sense that all
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implementations will accept these as conforming JSON texts.
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JSON-text = ws value ws
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These are the six structural characters:
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begin-array = ws %x5B ws ; [ left square bracket
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begin-object = ws %x7B ws ; { left curly bracket
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end-array = ws %x5D ws ; ] right square bracket
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end-object = ws %x7D ws ; } right curly bracket
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name-separator = ws %x3A ws ; : colon
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value-separator = ws %x2C ws ; , comma
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Insignificant whitespace is allowed before or after any of the six
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structural characters.
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ws = *(
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%x20 / ; Space
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%x09 / ; Horizontal tab
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%x0A / ; Line feed or New line
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%x0D ) ; Carriage return
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3. Values
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A JSON value MUST be an object, array, number, or string, or one of
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the following three literal names:
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false null true
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The literal names MUST be lowercase. No other literal names are
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allowed.
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value = false / null / true / object / array / number / string
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false = %x66.61.6c.73.65 ; false
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null = %x6e.75.6c.6c ; null
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true = %x74.72.75.65 ; true
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4. Objects
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|
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An object structure is represented as a pair of curly brackets
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surrounding zero or more name/value pairs (or members). A name is a
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string. A single colon comes after each name, separating the name
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from the value. A single comma separates a value from a following
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name. The names within an object SHOULD be unique.
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object = begin-object [ member *( value-separator member ) ]
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end-object
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member = string name-separator value
|
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|
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An object whose names are all unique is interoperable in the sense
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that all software implementations receiving that object will agree on
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the name-value mappings. When the names within an object are not
|
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unique, the behavior of software that receives such an object is
|
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unpredictable. Many implementations report the last name/value pair
|
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only. Other implementations report an error or fail to parse the
|
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object, and some implementations report all of the name/value pairs,
|
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including duplicates.
|
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|
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JSON parsing libraries have been observed to differ as to whether or
|
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not they make the ordering of object members visible to calling
|
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software. Implementations whose behavior does not depend on member
|
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ordering will be interoperable in the sense that they will not be
|
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affected by these differences.
|
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|
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|
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5. Arrays
|
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|
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|
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An array structure is represented as square brackets surrounding zero
|
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or more values (or elements). Elements are separated by commas.
|
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|
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|
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|
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array = begin-array [ value *( value-separator value ) ] end-array
|
321
|
-
|
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There is no requirement that the values in an array be of the same
|
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type.
|
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|
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6. Numbers
|
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|
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|
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The representation of numbers is similar to that used in most
|
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programming languages. A number is represented in base 10 using
|
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|
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decimal digits. It contains an integer component that may be
|
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|
-
prefixed with an optional minus sign, which may be followed by a
|
331
|
-
fraction part and/or an exponent part. Leading zeros are not
|
332
|
-
allowed.
|
333
|
-
|
334
|
-
A fraction part is a decimal point followed by one or more digits.
|
335
|
-
|
336
|
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|
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|
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|
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Bray Standards Track [Page 6]
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|
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|
-
RFC 7159 JSON March 2014
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|
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|
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|
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|
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An exponent part begins with the letter E in upper or lower case,
|
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|
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which may be followed by a plus or minus sign. The E and optional
|
345
|
-
sign are followed by one or more digits.
|
346
|
-
|
347
|
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Numeric values that cannot be represented in the grammar below (such
|
348
|
-
as Infinity and NaN) are not permitted.
|
349
|
-
|
350
|
-
number = [ minus ] int [ frac ] [ exp ]
|
351
|
-
|
352
|
-
decimal-point = %x2E ; .
|
353
|
-
|
354
|
-
digit1-9 = %x31-39 ; 1-9
|
355
|
-
|
356
|
-
e = %x65 / %x45 ; e E
|
357
|
-
|
358
|
-
exp = e [ minus / plus ] 1*DIGIT
|
359
|
-
|
360
|
-
frac = decimal-point 1*DIGIT
|
361
|
-
|
362
|
-
int = zero / ( digit1-9 *DIGIT )
|
363
|
-
|
364
|
-
minus = %x2D ; -
|
365
|
-
|
366
|
-
plus = %x2B ; +
|
367
|
-
|
368
|
-
zero = %x30 ; 0
|
369
|
-
|
370
|
-
This specification allows implementations to set limits on the range
|
371
|
-
and precision of numbers accepted. Since software that implements
|
372
|
-
IEEE 754-2008 binary64 (double precision) numbers [IEEE754] is
|
373
|
-
generally available and widely used, good interoperability can be
|
374
|
-
achieved by implementations that expect no more precision or range
|
375
|
-
than these provide, in the sense that implementations will
|
376
|
-
approximate JSON numbers within the expected precision. A JSON
|
377
|
-
number such as 1E400 or 3.141592653589793238462643383279 may indicate
|
378
|
-
potential interoperability problems, since it suggests that the
|
379
|
-
software that created it expects receiving software to have greater
|
380
|
-
capabilities for numeric magnitude and precision than is widely
|
381
|
-
available.
|
382
|
-
|
383
|
-
Note that when such software is used, numbers that are integers and
|
384
|
-
are in the range [-(2**53)+1, (2**53)-1] are interoperable in the
|
385
|
-
sense that implementations will agree exactly on their numeric
|
386
|
-
values.
|
387
|
-
|
388
|
-
|
389
|
-
|
390
|
-
|
391
|
-
|
392
|
-
|
393
|
-
|
394
|
-
Bray Standards Track [Page 7]
|
395
|
-
|
396
|
-
RFC 7159 JSON March 2014
|
397
|
-
|
398
|
-
|
399
|
-
7. Strings
|
400
|
-
|
401
|
-
The representation of strings is similar to conventions used in the C
|
402
|
-
family of programming languages. A string begins and ends with
|
403
|
-
quotation marks. All Unicode characters may be placed within the
|
404
|
-
quotation marks, except for the characters that must be escaped:
|
405
|
-
quotation mark, reverse solidus, and the control characters (U+0000
|
406
|
-
through U+001F).
|
407
|
-
|
408
|
-
Any character may be escaped. If the character is in the Basic
|
409
|
-
Multilingual Plane (U+0000 through U+FFFF), then it may be
|
410
|
-
represented as a six-character sequence: a reverse solidus, followed
|
411
|
-
by the lowercase letter u, followed by four hexadecimal digits that
|
412
|
-
encode the character's code point. The hexadecimal letters A though
|
413
|
-
F can be upper or lower case. So, for example, a string containing
|
414
|
-
only a single reverse solidus character may be represented as
|
415
|
-
"\u005C".
|
416
|
-
|
417
|
-
Alternatively, there are two-character sequence escape
|
418
|
-
representations of some popular characters. So, for example, a
|
419
|
-
string containing only a single reverse solidus character may be
|
420
|
-
represented more compactly as "\\".
|
421
|
-
|
422
|
-
To escape an extended character that is not in the Basic Multilingual
|
423
|
-
Plane, the character is represented as a 12-character sequence,
|
424
|
-
encoding the UTF-16 surrogate pair. So, for example, a string
|
425
|
-
containing only the G clef character (U+1D11E) may be represented as
|
426
|
-
"\uD834\uDD1E".
|
427
|
-
|
428
|
-
string = quotation-mark *char quotation-mark
|
429
|
-
|
430
|
-
char = unescaped /
|
431
|
-
escape (
|
432
|
-
%x22 / ; " quotation mark U+0022
|
433
|
-
%x5C / ; \ reverse solidus U+005C
|
434
|
-
%x2F / ; / solidus U+002F
|
435
|
-
%x62 / ; b backspace U+0008
|
436
|
-
%x66 / ; f form feed U+000C
|
437
|
-
%x6E / ; n line feed U+000A
|
438
|
-
%x72 / ; r carriage return U+000D
|
439
|
-
%x74 / ; t tab U+0009
|
440
|
-
%x75 4HEXDIG ) ; uXXXX U+XXXX
|
441
|
-
|
442
|
-
escape = %x5C ; \
|
443
|
-
|
444
|
-
quotation-mark = %x22 ; "
|
445
|
-
|
446
|
-
unescaped = %x20-21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-10FFFF
|
447
|
-
|
448
|
-
|
449
|
-
|
450
|
-
Bray Standards Track [Page 8]
|
451
|
-
|
452
|
-
RFC 7159 JSON March 2014
|
453
|
-
|
454
|
-
|
455
|
-
8. String and Character Issues
|
456
|
-
|
457
|
-
8.1. Character Encoding
|
458
|
-
|
459
|
-
JSON text SHALL be encoded in UTF-8, UTF-16, or UTF-32. The default
|
460
|
-
encoding is UTF-8, and JSON texts that are encoded in UTF-8 are
|
461
|
-
interoperable in the sense that they will be read successfully by the
|
462
|
-
maximum number of implementations; there are many implementations
|
463
|
-
that cannot successfully read texts in other encodings (such as
|
464
|
-
UTF-16 and UTF-32).
|
465
|
-
|
466
|
-
Implementations MUST NOT add a byte order mark to the beginning of a
|
467
|
-
JSON text. In the interests of interoperability, implementations
|
468
|
-
that parse JSON texts MAY ignore the presence of a byte order mark
|
469
|
-
rather than treating it as an error.
|
470
|
-
|
471
|
-
8.2. Unicode Characters
|
472
|
-
|
473
|
-
When all the strings represented in a JSON text are composed entirely
|
474
|
-
of Unicode characters [UNICODE] (however escaped), then that JSON
|
475
|
-
text is interoperable in the sense that all software implementations
|
476
|
-
that parse it will agree on the contents of names and of string
|
477
|
-
values in objects and arrays.
|
478
|
-
|
479
|
-
However, the ABNF in this specification allows member names and
|
480
|
-
string values to contain bit sequences that cannot encode Unicode
|
481
|
-
characters; for example, "\uDEAD" (a single unpaired UTF-16
|
482
|
-
surrogate). Instances of this have been observed, for example, when
|
483
|
-
a library truncates a UTF-16 string without checking whether the
|
484
|
-
truncation split a surrogate pair. The behavior of software that
|
485
|
-
receives JSON texts containing such values is unpredictable; for
|
486
|
-
example, implementations might return different values for the length
|
487
|
-
of a string value or even suffer fatal runtime exceptions.
|
488
|
-
|
489
|
-
8.3. String Comparison
|
490
|
-
|
491
|
-
Software implementations are typically required to test names of
|
492
|
-
object members for equality. Implementations that transform the
|
493
|
-
textual representation into sequences of Unicode code units and then
|
494
|
-
perform the comparison numerically, code unit by code unit, are
|
495
|
-
interoperable in the sense that implementations will agree in all
|
496
|
-
cases on equality or inequality of two strings. For example,
|
497
|
-
implementations that compare strings with escaped characters
|
498
|
-
unconverted may incorrectly find that "a\\b" and "a\u005Cb" are not
|
499
|
-
equal.
|
500
|
-
|
501
|
-
|
502
|
-
|
503
|
-
|
504
|
-
|
505
|
-
|
506
|
-
Bray Standards Track [Page 9]
|
507
|
-
|
508
|
-
RFC 7159 JSON March 2014
|
509
|
-
|
510
|
-
|
511
|
-
9. Parsers
|
512
|
-
|
513
|
-
A JSON parser transforms a JSON text into another representation. A
|
514
|
-
JSON parser MUST accept all texts that conform to the JSON grammar.
|
515
|
-
A JSON parser MAY accept non-JSON forms or extensions.
|
516
|
-
|
517
|
-
An implementation may set limits on the size of texts that it
|
518
|
-
accepts. An implementation may set limits on the maximum depth of
|
519
|
-
nesting. An implementation may set limits on the range and precision
|
520
|
-
of numbers. An implementation may set limits on the length and
|
521
|
-
character contents of strings.
|
522
|
-
|
523
|
-
10. Generators
|
524
|
-
|
525
|
-
A JSON generator produces JSON text. The resulting text MUST
|
526
|
-
strictly conform to the JSON grammar.
|
527
|
-
|
528
|
-
11. IANA Considerations
|
529
|
-
|
530
|
-
The MIME media type for JSON text is application/json.
|
531
|
-
|
532
|
-
Type name: application
|
533
|
-
|
534
|
-
Subtype name: json
|
535
|
-
|
536
|
-
Required parameters: n/a
|
537
|
-
|
538
|
-
Optional parameters: n/a
|
539
|
-
|
540
|
-
Encoding considerations: binary
|
541
|
-
|
542
|
-
Security considerations: See [RFC7159], Section 12.
|
543
|
-
|
544
|
-
Interoperability considerations: Described in [RFC7159]
|
545
|
-
|
546
|
-
Published specification: [RFC7159]
|
547
|
-
|
548
|
-
Applications that use this media type:
|
549
|
-
JSON has been used to exchange data between applications written
|
550
|
-
in all of these programming languages: ActionScript, C, C#,
|
551
|
-
Clojure, ColdFusion, Common Lisp, E, Erlang, Go, Java, JavaScript,
|
552
|
-
Lua, Objective CAML, Perl, PHP, Python, Rebol, Ruby, Scala, and
|
553
|
-
Scheme.
|
554
|
-
|
555
|
-
|
556
|
-
|
557
|
-
|
558
|
-
|
559
|
-
|
560
|
-
|
561
|
-
|
562
|
-
Bray Standards Track [Page 10]
|
563
|
-
|
564
|
-
RFC 7159 JSON March 2014
|
565
|
-
|
566
|
-
|
567
|
-
Additional information:
|
568
|
-
Magic number(s): n/a
|
569
|
-
File extension(s): .json
|
570
|
-
Macintosh file type code(s): TEXT
|
571
|
-
|
572
|
-
Person & email address to contact for further information:
|
573
|
-
IESG
|
574
|
-
<iesg@ietf.org>
|
575
|
-
|
576
|
-
Intended usage: COMMON
|
577
|
-
|
578
|
-
Restrictions on usage: none
|
579
|
-
|
580
|
-
Author:
|
581
|
-
Douglas Crockford
|
582
|
-
<douglas@crockford.com>
|
583
|
-
|
584
|
-
Change controller:
|
585
|
-
IESG
|
586
|
-
<iesg@ietf.org>
|
587
|
-
|
588
|
-
Note: No "charset" parameter is defined for this registration.
|
589
|
-
Adding one really has no effect on compliant recipients.
|
590
|
-
|
591
|
-
12. Security Considerations
|
592
|
-
|
593
|
-
Generally, there are security issues with scripting languages. JSON
|
594
|
-
is a subset of JavaScript but excludes assignment and invocation.
|
595
|
-
|
596
|
-
Since JSON's syntax is borrowed from JavaScript, it is possible to
|
597
|
-
use that language's "eval()" function to parse JSON texts. This
|
598
|
-
generally constitutes an unacceptable security risk, since the text
|
599
|
-
could contain executable code along with data declarations. The same
|
600
|
-
consideration applies to the use of eval()-like functions in any
|
601
|
-
other programming language in which JSON texts conform to that
|
602
|
-
language's syntax.
|
603
|
-
|
604
|
-
|
605
|
-
|
606
|
-
|
607
|
-
|
608
|
-
|
609
|
-
|
610
|
-
|
611
|
-
|
612
|
-
|
613
|
-
|
614
|
-
|
615
|
-
|
616
|
-
|
617
|
-
|
618
|
-
Bray Standards Track [Page 11]
|
619
|
-
|
620
|
-
RFC 7159 JSON March 2014
|
621
|
-
|
622
|
-
|
623
|
-
13. Examples
|
624
|
-
|
625
|
-
This is a JSON object:
|
626
|
-
|
627
|
-
{
|
628
|
-
"Image": {
|
629
|
-
"Width": 800,
|
630
|
-
"Height": 600,
|
631
|
-
"Title": "View from 15th Floor",
|
632
|
-
"Thumbnail": {
|
633
|
-
"Url": "http://www.example.com/image/481989943",
|
634
|
-
"Height": 125,
|
635
|
-
"Width": 100
|
636
|
-
},
|
637
|
-
"Animated" : false,
|
638
|
-
"IDs": [116, 943, 234, 38793]
|
639
|
-
}
|
640
|
-
}
|
641
|
-
|
642
|
-
Its Image member is an object whose Thumbnail member is an object and
|
643
|
-
whose IDs member is an array of numbers.
|
644
|
-
|
645
|
-
This is a JSON array containing two objects:
|
646
|
-
|
647
|
-
[
|
648
|
-
{
|
649
|
-
"precision": "zip",
|
650
|
-
"Latitude": 37.7668,
|
651
|
-
"Longitude": -122.3959,
|
652
|
-
"Address": "",
|
653
|
-
"City": "SAN FRANCISCO",
|
654
|
-
"State": "CA",
|
655
|
-
"Zip": "94107",
|
656
|
-
"Country": "US"
|
657
|
-
},
|
658
|
-
{
|
659
|
-
"precision": "zip",
|
660
|
-
"Latitude": 37.371991,
|
661
|
-
"Longitude": -122.026020,
|
662
|
-
"Address": "",
|
663
|
-
"City": "SUNNYVALE",
|
664
|
-
"State": "CA",
|
665
|
-
"Zip": "94085",
|
666
|
-
"Country": "US"
|
667
|
-
}
|
668
|
-
]
|
669
|
-
|
670
|
-
|
671
|
-
|
672
|
-
|
673
|
-
|
674
|
-
Bray Standards Track [Page 12]
|
675
|
-
|
676
|
-
RFC 7159 JSON March 2014
|
677
|
-
|
678
|
-
|
679
|
-
Here are three small JSON texts containing only values:
|
680
|
-
|
681
|
-
"Hello world!"
|
682
|
-
|
683
|
-
42
|
684
|
-
|
685
|
-
true
|
686
|
-
|
687
|
-
14. Contributors
|
688
|
-
|
689
|
-
RFC 4627 was written by Douglas Crockford. This document was
|
690
|
-
constructed by making a relatively small number of changes to that
|
691
|
-
document; thus, the vast majority of the text here is his.
|
692
|
-
|
693
|
-
15. References
|
694
|
-
|
695
|
-
15.1. Normative References
|
696
|
-
|
697
|
-
[IEEE754] IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic", IEEE
|
698
|
-
Standard 754, August 2008,
|
699
|
-
<http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/754/>.
|
700
|
-
|
701
|
-
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
|
702
|
-
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
|
703
|
-
|
704
|
-
[RFC5234] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
|
705
|
-
Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.
|
706
|
-
|
707
|
-
[UNICODE] The Unicode Consortium, "The Unicode Standard",
|
708
|
-
<http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/>.
|
709
|
-
|
710
|
-
15.2. Informative References
|
711
|
-
|
712
|
-
[ECMA-262] Ecma International, "ECMAScript Language Specification
|
713
|
-
Edition 5.1", Standard ECMA-262, June 2011,
|
714
|
-
<http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/
|
715
|
-
Ecma-262.htm>.
|
716
|
-
|
717
|
-
[ECMA-404] Ecma International, "The JSON Data Interchange Format",
|
718
|
-
Standard ECMA-404, October 2013,
|
719
|
-
<http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/
|
720
|
-
Ecma-404.htm>.
|
721
|
-
|
722
|
-
[Err3607] RFC Errata, Errata ID 3607, RFC 3607,
|
723
|
-
<http://www.rfc-editor.org>.
|
724
|
-
|
725
|
-
|
726
|
-
|
727
|
-
|
728
|
-
|
729
|
-
|
730
|
-
Bray Standards Track [Page 13]
|
731
|
-
|
732
|
-
RFC 7159 JSON March 2014
|
733
|
-
|
734
|
-
|
735
|
-
[Err607] RFC Errata, Errata ID 607, RFC 607,
|
736
|
-
<http://www.rfc-editor.org>.
|
737
|
-
|
738
|
-
[RFC4627] Crockford, D., "The application/json Media Type for
|
739
|
-
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)", RFC 4627, July 2006.
|
740
|
-
|
741
|
-
|
742
|
-
|
743
|
-
|
744
|
-
|
745
|
-
|
746
|
-
|
747
|
-
|
748
|
-
|
749
|
-
|
750
|
-
|
751
|
-
|
752
|
-
|
753
|
-
|
754
|
-
|
755
|
-
|
756
|
-
|
757
|
-
|
758
|
-
|
759
|
-
|
760
|
-
|
761
|
-
|
762
|
-
|
763
|
-
|
764
|
-
|
765
|
-
|
766
|
-
|
767
|
-
|
768
|
-
|
769
|
-
|
770
|
-
|
771
|
-
|
772
|
-
|
773
|
-
|
774
|
-
|
775
|
-
|
776
|
-
|
777
|
-
|
778
|
-
|
779
|
-
|
780
|
-
|
781
|
-
|
782
|
-
|
783
|
-
|
784
|
-
|
785
|
-
|
786
|
-
Bray Standards Track [Page 14]
|
787
|
-
|
788
|
-
RFC 7159 JSON March 2014
|
789
|
-
|
790
|
-
|
791
|
-
Appendix A. Changes from RFC 4627
|
792
|
-
|
793
|
-
This section lists changes between this document and the text in RFC
|
794
|
-
4627.
|
795
|
-
|
796
|
-
o Changed the title and abstract of the document.
|
797
|
-
|
798
|
-
o Changed the reference to [UNICODE] to be not version specific.
|
799
|
-
|
800
|
-
o Added a "Specifications of JSON" section.
|
801
|
-
|
802
|
-
o Added an "Introduction to This Revision" section.
|
803
|
-
|
804
|
-
o Changed the definition of "JSON text" so that it can be any JSON
|
805
|
-
value, removing the constraint that it be an object or array.
|
806
|
-
|
807
|
-
o Added language about duplicate object member names, member
|
808
|
-
ordering, and interoperability.
|
809
|
-
|
810
|
-
o Clarified the absence of a requirement that values in an array be
|
811
|
-
of the same JSON type.
|
812
|
-
|
813
|
-
o Applied erratum #607 from RFC 4627 to correctly align the artwork
|
814
|
-
for the definition of "object".
|
815
|
-
|
816
|
-
o Changed "as sequences of digits" to "in the grammar below" in the
|
817
|
-
"Numbers" section, and made base-10-ness explicit.
|
818
|
-
|
819
|
-
o Added language about number interoperability as a function of
|
820
|
-
IEEE754, and added an IEEE754 reference.
|
821
|
-
|
822
|
-
o Added language about interoperability and Unicode characters and
|
823
|
-
about string comparisons. To do this, turned the old "Encoding"
|
824
|
-
section into a "String and Character Issues" section, with three
|
825
|
-
subsections: "Character Encoding", "Unicode Characters", and
|
826
|
-
"String Comparison".
|
827
|
-
|
828
|
-
o Changed guidance in the "Parsers" section to point out that
|
829
|
-
implementations may set limits on the range "and precision" of
|
830
|
-
numbers.
|
831
|
-
|
832
|
-
o Updated and tidied the "IANA Considerations" section.
|
833
|
-
|
834
|
-
o Made a real "Security Considerations" section and lifted the text
|
835
|
-
out of the previous "IANA Considerations" section.
|
836
|
-
|
837
|
-
|
838
|
-
|
839
|
-
|
840
|
-
|
841
|
-
|
842
|
-
Bray Standards Track [Page 15]
|
843
|
-
|
844
|
-
RFC 7159 JSON March 2014
|
845
|
-
|
846
|
-
|
847
|
-
o Applied erratum #3607 from RFC 4627 by removing the security
|
848
|
-
consideration that begins "A JSON text can be safely passed" and
|
849
|
-
the JavaScript code that went with that consideration.
|
850
|
-
|
851
|
-
o Added a note to the "Security Considerations" section pointing out
|
852
|
-
the risks of using the "eval()" function in JavaScript or any
|
853
|
-
other language in which JSON texts conform to that language's
|
854
|
-
syntax.
|
855
|
-
|
856
|
-
o Added a note to the "IANA Considerations" clarifying the absence
|
857
|
-
of a "charset" parameter for the application/json media type.
|
858
|
-
|
859
|
-
o Changed "100" to 100 and added a boolean field, both in the first
|
860
|
-
example.
|
861
|
-
|
862
|
-
o Added examples of JSON texts with simple values, neither objects
|
863
|
-
nor arrays.
|
864
|
-
|
865
|
-
o Added a "Contributors" section crediting Douglas Crockford.
|
866
|
-
|
867
|
-
o Added a reference to RFC 4627.
|
868
|
-
|
869
|
-
o Moved the ECMAScript reference from Normative to Informative and
|
870
|
-
updated it to reference ECMAScript 5.1, and added a reference to
|
871
|
-
ECMA 404.
|
872
|
-
|
873
|
-
Author's Address
|
874
|
-
|
875
|
-
Tim Bray (editor)
|
876
|
-
Google, Inc.
|
877
|
-
|
878
|
-
EMail: tbray@textuality.com
|
879
|
-
|
880
|
-
|
881
|
-
|
882
|
-
|
883
|
-
|
884
|
-
|
885
|
-
|
886
|
-
|
887
|
-
|
888
|
-
|
889
|
-
|
890
|
-
|
891
|
-
|
892
|
-
|
893
|
-
|
894
|
-
|
895
|
-
|
896
|
-
|
897
|
-
|
898
|
-
Bray Standards Track [Page 16]
|
899
|
-
|