json 1.8.0 → 2.6.0

data/ext/json/ext/generator/generator.c

@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 #include "../fbuffer/fbuffer.h"
 #include "generator.h"
 
-#ifdef HAVE_RUBY_ENCODING_H
-static VALUE CEncoding_UTF_8;
-static ID i_encoding, i_encode;
-#endif
-
 static VALUE mJSON, mExt, mGenerator, cState, mGeneratorMethods, mObject,
-             mHash, mArray, mFixnum, mBignum, mFloat, mString, mString_Extend,
+             mHash, mArray,
+#ifdef RUBY_INTEGER_UNIFICATION
+             mInteger,
+#else
+             mFixnum, mBignum,
+#endif
+             mFloat, mString, mString_Extend,
              mTrueClass, mFalseClass, mNilClass, eGeneratorError,
-             eNestingError, CRegexp_MULTILINE, CJSON_SAFE_STATE_PROTOTYPE,
-             i_SAFE_STATE_PROTOTYPE;
+             eNestingError;
 
 static ID i_to_s, i_to_json, i_new, i_indent, i_space, i_space_before,
           i_object_nl, i_array_nl, i_max_nesting, i_allow_nan, i_ascii_only,
-          i_quirks_mode, i_pack, i_unpack, i_create_id, i_extend, i_key_p,
+          i_pack, i_unpack, i_create_id, i_extend, i_key_p,
           i_aref, i_send, i_respond_to_p, i_match, i_keys, i_depth,
-          i_buffer_initial_length, i_dup;
+          i_buffer_initial_length, i_dup, i_escape_slash;
 
 /*
  * Copyright 2001-2004 Unicode, Inc.
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ static void unicode_escape_to_buffer(FBuffer *buffer, char buf[6], UTF16
 
 /* Converts string to a JSON string in FBuffer buffer, where all but the ASCII
  * and control characters are JSON escaped. */
-static void convert_UTF8_to_JSON_ASCII(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE string)
+static void convert_UTF8_to_JSON_ASCII(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE string, char escape_slash)
 {
     const UTF8 *source = (UTF8 *) RSTRING_PTR(string);
     const UTF8 *sourceEnd = source + RSTRING_LEN(string);
@@ -174,6 +174,11 @@ static void convert_UTF8_to_JSON_ASCII(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE string)
                         case '"':
                             fbuffer_append(buffer, "\\\"", 2);
                             break;
+                        case '/':
+                            if(escape_slash) {
+                                fbuffer_append(buffer, "\\/", 2);
+                                break;
+                            }
                         default:
                             fbuffer_append_char(buffer, (char)ch);
                             break;
@@ -216,13 +221,14 @@ static void convert_UTF8_to_JSON_ASCII(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE string)
             unicode_escape_to_buffer(buffer, buf, (UTF16)((ch & halfMask) + UNI_SUR_LOW_START));
         }
     }
+    RB_GC_GUARD(string);
 }
 
 /* Converts string to a JSON string in FBuffer buffer, where only the
  * characters required by the JSON standard are JSON escaped. The remaining
  * characters (should be UTF8) are just passed through and appended to the
  * result. */
-static void convert_UTF8_to_JSON(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE string)
+static void convert_UTF8_to_JSON(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE string, char escape_slash)
 {
     const char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(string), *p;
     unsigned long len = RSTRING_LEN(string), start = 0, end = 0;
@@ -230,6 +236,7 @@ static void convert_UTF8_to_JSON(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE string)
     int escape_len;
     unsigned char c;
     char buf[6] = { '\\', 'u' };
+    int ascii_only = rb_enc_str_asciionly_p(string);
 
     for (start = 0, end = 0; end < len;) {
         p = ptr + end;
@@ -272,16 +279,25 @@ static void convert_UTF8_to_JSON(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE string)
                     escape =  "\\\"";
                     escape_len = 2;
                     break;
+                case '/':
+                    if(escape_slash) {
+                        escape = "\\/";
+                        escape_len = 2;
+                        break;
+                    }
                 default:
                     {
-                        unsigned short clen = trailingBytesForUTF8[c] + 1;
-                        if (end + clen > len) {
-                            rb_raise(rb_path2class("JSON::GeneratorError"),
-                                    "partial character in source, but hit end");
-                        }
-                        if (!isLegalUTF8((UTF8 *) p, clen)) {
-                            rb_raise(rb_path2class("JSON::GeneratorError"),
-                                    "source sequence is illegal/malformed utf-8");
+                        unsigned short clen = 1;
+                        if (!ascii_only) {
+                            clen += trailingBytesForUTF8[c];
+                            if (end + clen > len) {
+                                rb_raise(rb_path2class("JSON::GeneratorError"),
+                                        "partial character in source, but hit end");
+                            }
+                            if (!isLegalUTF8((UTF8 *) p, clen)) {
+                                rb_raise(rb_path2class("JSON::GeneratorError"),
+                                        "source sequence is illegal/malformed utf-8");
+                            }
                         }
                         end += clen;
                     }
@@ -301,7 +317,7 @@ static char *fstrndup(const char *ptr, unsigned long len) {
   char *result;
   if (len <= 0) return NULL;
   result = ALLOC_N(char, len);
-  memccpy(result, ptr, 0, len);
+  memcpy(result, ptr, len);
   return result;
 }
 
@@ -317,6 +333,76 @@ static char *fstrndup(const char *ptr, unsigned long len) {
  *
  */
 
+/* Explanation of the following: that's the only way to not pollute
+ * standard library's docs with GeneratorMethods::<ClassName> which
+ * are uninformative and take a large place in a list of classes
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods
+ * :nodoc:
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::Array
+ * :nodoc:
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::Bignum
+ * :nodoc:
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::FalseClass
+ * :nodoc:
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::Fixnum
+ * :nodoc:
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::Float
+ * :nodoc:
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::Hash
+ * :nodoc:
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::Integer
+ * :nodoc:
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::NilClass
+ * :nodoc:
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::Object
+ * :nodoc:
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::String
+ * :nodoc:
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::String::Extend
+ * :nodoc:
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Document-module: JSON::Ext::Generator::GeneratorMethods::TrueClass
+ * :nodoc:
+ */
+
 /*
  * call-seq: to_json(state = nil)
  *
@@ -342,6 +428,18 @@ static VALUE mArray_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
     GENERATE_JSON(array);
 }
 
+#ifdef RUBY_INTEGER_UNIFICATION
+/*
+ * call-seq: to_json(*)
+ *
+ * Returns a JSON string representation for this Integer number.
+ */
+static VALUE mInteger_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    GENERATE_JSON(integer);
+}
+
+#else
 /*
  * call-seq: to_json(*)
  *
@@ -361,6 +459,7 @@ static VALUE mBignum_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     GENERATE_JSON(bignum);
 }
+#endif
 
 /*
  * call-seq: to_json(*)
@@ -486,8 +585,9 @@ static VALUE mObject_to_json(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return cState_partial_generate(state, string);
 }
 
-static void State_free(JSON_Generator_State *state)
+static void State_free(void *ptr)
 {
+    JSON_Generator_State *state = ptr;
     if (state->indent) ruby_xfree(state->indent);
     if (state->space) ruby_xfree(state->space);
     if (state->space_before) ruby_xfree(state->space_before);
@@ -499,17 +599,42 @@ static void State_free(JSON_Generator_State *state)
     ruby_xfree(state);
 }
 
-static JSON_Generator_State *State_allocate()
+static size_t State_memsize(const void *ptr)
 {
-    JSON_Generator_State *state = ALLOC(JSON_Generator_State);
-    MEMZERO(state, JSON_Generator_State, 1);
-    return state;
+    const JSON_Generator_State *state = ptr;
+    size_t size = sizeof(*state);
+    if (state->indent) size += state->indent_len + 1;
+    if (state->space) size += state->space_len + 1;
+    if (state->space_before) size += state->space_before_len + 1;
+    if (state->object_nl) size += state->object_nl_len + 1;
+    if (state->array_nl) size += state->array_nl_len + 1;
+    if (state->array_delim) size += FBUFFER_CAPA(state->array_delim);
+    if (state->object_delim) size += FBUFFER_CAPA(state->object_delim);
+    if (state->object_delim2) size += FBUFFER_CAPA(state->object_delim2);
+    return size;
 }
 
+#ifndef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
+#   undef RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE
+#   define RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NEW_TYPEDDATA_WRAPPER
+static const rb_data_type_t JSON_Generator_State_type = {
+    "JSON/Generator/State",
+    {NULL, State_free, State_memsize,},
+#ifdef RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+    0, 0,
+    RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE,
+#endif
+};
+#endif
+
 static VALUE cState_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
 {
-    JSON_Generator_State *state = State_allocate();
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, NULL, State_free, state);
+    JSON_Generator_State *state;
+    return TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, JSON_Generator_State,
+				 &JSON_Generator_State_type, state);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -601,8 +726,8 @@ static VALUE cState_configure(VALUE self, VALUE opts)
     state->allow_nan = RTEST(tmp);
     tmp = rb_hash_aref(opts, ID2SYM(i_ascii_only));
     state->ascii_only = RTEST(tmp);
-    tmp = rb_hash_aref(opts, ID2SYM(i_quirks_mode));
-    state->quirks_mode = RTEST(tmp);
+    tmp = rb_hash_aref(opts, ID2SYM(i_escape_slash));
+    state->escape_slash = RTEST(tmp);
     return self;
 }
 
@@ -636,8 +761,8 @@ static VALUE cState_to_h(VALUE self)
     rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(i_array_nl), rb_str_new(state->array_nl, state->array_nl_len));
     rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(i_allow_nan), state->allow_nan ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
     rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(i_ascii_only), state->ascii_only ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
-    rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(i_quirks_mode), state->quirks_mode ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
     rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(i_max_nesting), LONG2FIX(state->max_nesting));
+    rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(i_escape_slash), state->escape_slash ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
     rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(i_depth), LONG2FIX(state->depth));
     rb_hash_aset(result, ID2SYM(i_buffer_initial_length), LONG2FIX(state->buffer_initial_length));
     return result;
@@ -646,7 +771,7 @@ static VALUE cState_to_h(VALUE self)
 /*
 * call-seq: [](name)
 *
-* Return the value returned by method +name+.
+* Returns the value returned by method +name+.
 */
 static VALUE cState_aref(VALUE self, VALUE name)
 {
@@ -654,14 +779,14 @@ static VALUE cState_aref(VALUE self, VALUE name)
     if (RTEST(rb_funcall(self, i_respond_to_p, 1, name))) {
         return rb_funcall(self, i_send, 1, name);
     } else {
-        return rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern_str(rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2("@"), name)));
+        return rb_attr_get(self, rb_intern_str(rb_str_concat(rb_str_new2("@"), name)));
     }
 }
 
 /*
 * call-seq: []=(name, value)
 *
-* Set the attribute name to value.
+* Sets the attribute name to value.
 */
 static VALUE cState_aset(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE value)
 {
@@ -677,43 +802,83 @@ static VALUE cState_aset(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE value)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-static void generate_json_object(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE Vstate, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+struct hash_foreach_arg {
+    FBuffer *buffer;
+    JSON_Generator_State *state;
+    VALUE Vstate;
+    int iter;
+};
+
+static int
+json_object_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE _arg)
 {
+    struct hash_foreach_arg *arg = (struct hash_foreach_arg *)_arg;
+    FBuffer *buffer = arg->buffer;
+    JSON_Generator_State *state = arg->state;
+    VALUE Vstate = arg->Vstate;
+
     char *object_nl = state->object_nl;
     long object_nl_len = state->object_nl_len;
     char *indent = state->indent;
     long indent_len = state->indent_len;
-    long max_nesting = state->max_nesting;
     char *delim = FBUFFER_PTR(state->object_delim);
     long delim_len = FBUFFER_LEN(state->object_delim);
     char *delim2 = FBUFFER_PTR(state->object_delim2);
     long delim2_len = FBUFFER_LEN(state->object_delim2);
+    long depth = state->depth;
+    int j;
+    VALUE klass, key_to_s;
+
+    if (arg->iter > 0) fbuffer_append(buffer, delim, delim_len);
+    if (object_nl) {
+        fbuffer_append(buffer, object_nl, object_nl_len);
+    }
+    if (indent) {
+        for (j = 0; j < depth; j++) {
+            fbuffer_append(buffer, indent, indent_len);
+        }
+    }
+
+    klass = CLASS_OF(key);
+    if (klass == rb_cString) {
+        key_to_s = key;
+    } else if (klass == rb_cSymbol) {
+        key_to_s = rb_id2str(SYM2ID(key));
+    } else {
+        key_to_s = rb_funcall(key, i_to_s, 0);
+    }
+    Check_Type(key_to_s, T_STRING);
+    generate_json(buffer, Vstate, state, key_to_s);
+    fbuffer_append(buffer, delim2, delim2_len);
+    generate_json(buffer, Vstate, state, val);
+
+    arg->iter++;
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void generate_json_object(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE Vstate, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+{
+    char *object_nl = state->object_nl;
+    long object_nl_len = state->object_nl_len;
+    char *indent = state->indent;
+    long indent_len = state->indent_len;
+    long max_nesting = state->max_nesting;
     long depth = ++state->depth;
-    int i, j;
-    VALUE key, key_to_s, keys;
+    int j;
+    struct hash_foreach_arg arg;
+
     if (max_nesting != 0 && depth > max_nesting) {
         fbuffer_free(buffer);
         rb_raise(eNestingError, "nesting of %ld is too deep", --state->depth);
     }
     fbuffer_append_char(buffer, '{');
-    keys = rb_funcall(obj, i_keys, 0);
-    for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
-        if (i > 0) fbuffer_append(buffer, delim, delim_len);
-        if (object_nl) {
-            fbuffer_append(buffer, object_nl, object_nl_len);
-        }
-        if (indent) {
-            for (j = 0; j < depth; j++) {
-                fbuffer_append(buffer, indent, indent_len);
-            }
-        }
-        key = rb_ary_entry(keys, i);
-        key_to_s = rb_funcall(key, i_to_s, 0);
-        Check_Type(key_to_s, T_STRING);
-        generate_json(buffer, Vstate, state, key_to_s);
-        fbuffer_append(buffer, delim2, delim2_len);
-        generate_json(buffer, Vstate, state, rb_hash_aref(obj, key));
-    }
+
+    arg.buffer = buffer;
+    arg.state = state;
+    arg.Vstate = Vstate;
+    arg.iter = 0;
+    rb_hash_foreach(obj, json_object_i, (VALUE)&arg);
+
     depth = --state->depth;
     if (object_nl) {
         fbuffer_append(buffer, object_nl, object_nl_len);
@@ -764,16 +929,27 @@ static void generate_json_array(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE Vstate, JSON_Generator_St
     fbuffer_append_char(buffer, ']');
 }
 
+#ifdef HAVE_RUBY_ENCODING_H
+static int enc_utf8_compatible_p(rb_encoding *enc)
+{
+    if (enc == rb_usascii_encoding()) return 1;
+    if (enc == rb_utf8_encoding()) return 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 static void generate_json_string(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE Vstate, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
 {
     fbuffer_append_char(buffer, '"');
 #ifdef HAVE_RUBY_ENCODING_H
-    obj = rb_funcall(obj, i_encode, 1, CEncoding_UTF_8);
+    if (!enc_utf8_compatible_p(rb_enc_get(obj))) {
+        obj = rb_str_export_to_enc(obj, rb_utf8_encoding());
+    }
 #endif
     if (state->ascii_only) {
-        convert_UTF8_to_JSON_ASCII(buffer, obj);
+        convert_UTF8_to_JSON_ASCII(buffer, obj, state->escape_slash);
     } else {
-        convert_UTF8_to_JSON(buffer, obj);
+        convert_UTF8_to_JSON(buffer, obj, state->escape_slash);
     }
     fbuffer_append_char(buffer, '"');
 }
@@ -804,6 +980,15 @@ static void generate_json_bignum(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE Vstate, JSON_Generator_S
     fbuffer_append_str(buffer, tmp);
 }
 
+#ifdef RUBY_INTEGER_UNIFICATION
+static void generate_json_integer(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE Vstate, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
+{
+    if (FIXNUM_P(obj))
+        generate_json_fixnum(buffer, Vstate, state, obj);
+    else
+        generate_json_bignum(buffer, Vstate, state, obj);
+}
+#endif
 static void generate_json_float(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE Vstate, JSON_Generator_State *state, VALUE obj)
 {
     double value = RFLOAT_VALUE(obj);
@@ -812,10 +997,10 @@ static void generate_json_float(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE Vstate, JSON_Generator_St
     if (!allow_nan) {
         if (isinf(value)) {
             fbuffer_free(buffer);
-            rb_raise(eGeneratorError, "%u: %s not allowed in JSON", __LINE__, StringValueCStr(tmp));
+            rb_raise(eGeneratorError, "%u: %"PRIsVALUE" not allowed in JSON", __LINE__, RB_OBJ_STRING(tmp));
         } else if (isnan(value)) {
             fbuffer_free(buffer);
-            rb_raise(eGeneratorError, "%u: %s not allowed in JSON", __LINE__, StringValueCStr(tmp));
+            rb_raise(eGeneratorError, "%u: %"PRIsVALUE" not allowed in JSON", __LINE__, RB_OBJ_STRING(tmp));
         }
     }
     fbuffer_append_str(buffer, tmp);
@@ -837,9 +1022,9 @@ static void generate_json(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE Vstate, JSON_Generator_State *s
         generate_json_false(buffer, Vstate, state, obj);
     } else if (obj == Qtrue) {
         generate_json_true(buffer, Vstate, state, obj);
-    } else if (klass == rb_cFixnum) {
+    } else if (FIXNUM_P(obj)) {
         generate_json_fixnum(buffer, Vstate, state, obj);
-    } else if (klass == rb_cBignum) {
+    } else if (RB_TYPE_P(obj, T_BIGNUM)) {
         generate_json_bignum(buffer, Vstate, state, obj);
     } else if (klass == rb_cFloat) {
         generate_json_float(buffer, Vstate, state, obj);
@@ -850,7 +1035,7 @@ static void generate_json(FBuffer *buffer, VALUE Vstate, JSON_Generator_State *s
     } else {
         tmp = rb_funcall(obj, i_to_s, 0);
         Check_Type(tmp, T_STRING);
-        generate_json(buffer, Vstate, state, tmp);
+        generate_json_string(buffer, Vstate, state, tmp);
     }
 }
 
@@ -871,6 +1056,7 @@ static FBuffer *cState_prepare_buffer(VALUE self)
     } else {
         state->object_delim2 = fbuffer_alloc(16);
     }
+    if (state->space_before) fbuffer_append(state->object_delim2, state->space_before, state->space_before_len);
     fbuffer_append_char(state->object_delim2, ':');
     if (state->space) fbuffer_append(state->object_delim2, state->space, state->space_len);
 
@@ -892,21 +1078,6 @@ static VALUE cState_partial_generate(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
     return fbuffer_to_s(buffer);
 }
 
-/*
- * This function returns true if string is either a JSON array or JSON object.
- * It might suffer from false positives, e. g. syntactically incorrect JSON in
- * the string or certain UTF-8 characters on the right hand side.
- */
-static int isArrayOrObject(VALUE string)
-{
-    long string_len = RSTRING_LEN(string);
-    char *p = RSTRING_PTR(string), *q = p + string_len - 1;
-    if (string_len < 2) return 0;
-    for (; p < q && isspace((unsigned char)*p); p++);
-    for (; q > p && isspace((unsigned char)*q); q--);
-    return (*p == '[' && *q == ']') || (*p == '{' && *q == '}');
-}
-
 /*
  * call-seq: generate(obj)
  *
@@ -918,9 +1089,7 @@ static VALUE cState_generate(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
 {
     VALUE result = cState_partial_generate(self, obj);
     GET_STATE(self);
-    if (!state->quirks_mode && !isArrayOrObject(result)) {
-        rb_raise(eGeneratorError, "only generation of JSON objects or arrays allowed");
-    }
+    (void)state;
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -939,8 +1108,8 @@ static VALUE cState_generate(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
  * * *allow_nan*: true if NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity should be
  *   generated, otherwise an exception is thrown, if these values are
  *   encountered. This options defaults to false.
- * * *quirks_mode*: Enables quirks_mode for parser, that is for example
- *   generating single JSON values instead of documents is possible.
+ * * *ascii_only*: true if only ASCII characters should be generated. This
+ *   option defaults to false.
  * * *buffer_initial_length*: sets the initial length of the generator's
  *   internal buffer.
  */
@@ -958,15 +1127,16 @@ static VALUE cState_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 /*
  * call-seq: initialize_copy(orig)
  *
- * Initializes this object from orig if it to be duplicated/cloned and returns
+ * Initializes this object from orig if it can be duplicated/cloned and returns
  * it.
 */
 static VALUE cState_init_copy(VALUE obj, VALUE orig)
 {
     JSON_Generator_State *objState, *origState;
 
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, JSON_Generator_State, objState);
-    Data_Get_Struct(orig, JSON_Generator_State, origState);
+    if (obj == orig) return obj;
+    GET_STATE_TO(obj, objState);
+    GET_STATE_TO(orig, origState);
     if (!objState) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unallocated JSON::State");
 
     MEMCPY(objState, origState, JSON_Generator_State, 1);
@@ -995,17 +1165,14 @@ static VALUE cState_from_state_s(VALUE self, VALUE opts)
     } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(opts, rb_cHash)) {
         return rb_funcall(self, i_new, 1, opts);
     } else {
-        if (NIL_P(CJSON_SAFE_STATE_PROTOTYPE)) {
-            CJSON_SAFE_STATE_PROTOTYPE = rb_const_get(mJSON, i_SAFE_STATE_PROTOTYPE);
-        }
-        return rb_funcall(CJSON_SAFE_STATE_PROTOTYPE, i_dup, 0);
+        return rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, cState);
     }
 }
 
 /*
  * call-seq: indent()
  *
- * This string is used to indent levels in the JSON text.
+ * Returns the string that is used to indent levels in the JSON text.
  */
 static VALUE cState_indent(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -1016,7 +1183,7 @@ static VALUE cState_indent(VALUE self)
 /*
  * call-seq: indent=(indent)
  *
- * This string is used to indent levels in the JSON text.
+ * Sets the string that is used to indent levels in the JSON text.
  */
 static VALUE cState_indent_set(VALUE self, VALUE indent)
 {
@@ -1032,7 +1199,7 @@ static VALUE cState_indent_set(VALUE self, VALUE indent)
         }
     } else {
         if (state->indent) ruby_xfree(state->indent);
-        state->indent = strdup(RSTRING_PTR(indent));
+        state->indent = fstrndup(RSTRING_PTR(indent), len);
         state->indent_len = len;
     }
     return Qnil;
@@ -1041,7 +1208,7 @@ static VALUE cState_indent_set(VALUE self, VALUE indent)
 /*
  * call-seq: space()
  *
- * This string is used to insert a space between the tokens in a JSON
+ * Returns the string that is used to insert a space between the tokens in a JSON
  * string.
  */
 static VALUE cState_space(VALUE self)
@@ -1053,7 +1220,7 @@ static VALUE cState_space(VALUE self)
 /*
  * call-seq: space=(space)
  *
- * This string is used to insert a space between the tokens in a JSON
+ * Sets _space_ to the string that is used to insert a space between the tokens in a JSON
  * string.
  */
 static VALUE cState_space_set(VALUE self, VALUE space)
@@ -1070,7 +1237,7 @@ static VALUE cState_space_set(VALUE self, VALUE space)
         }
     } else {
         if (state->space) ruby_xfree(state->space);
-        state->space = strdup(RSTRING_PTR(space));
+        state->space = fstrndup(RSTRING_PTR(space), len);
         state->space_len = len;
     }
     return Qnil;
@@ -1079,7 +1246,7 @@ static VALUE cState_space_set(VALUE self, VALUE space)
 /*
  * call-seq: space_before()
  *
- * This string is used to insert a space before the ':' in JSON objects.
+ * Returns the string that is used to insert a space before the ':' in JSON objects.
  */
 static VALUE cState_space_before(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -1090,7 +1257,7 @@ static VALUE cState_space_before(VALUE self)
 /*
  * call-seq: space_before=(space_before)
  *
- * This string is used to insert a space before the ':' in JSON objects.
+ * Sets the string that is used to insert a space before the ':' in JSON objects.
  */
 static VALUE cState_space_before_set(VALUE self, VALUE space_before)
 {
@@ -1106,7 +1273,7 @@ static VALUE cState_space_before_set(VALUE self, VALUE space_before)
         }
     } else {
         if (state->space_before) ruby_xfree(state->space_before);
-        state->space_before = strdup(RSTRING_PTR(space_before));
+        state->space_before = fstrndup(RSTRING_PTR(space_before), len);
         state->space_before_len = len;
     }
     return Qnil;
@@ -1143,7 +1310,7 @@ static VALUE cState_object_nl_set(VALUE self, VALUE object_nl)
         }
     } else {
         if (state->object_nl) ruby_xfree(state->object_nl);
-        state->object_nl = strdup(RSTRING_PTR(object_nl));
+        state->object_nl = fstrndup(RSTRING_PTR(object_nl), len);
         state->object_nl_len = len;
     }
     return Qnil;
@@ -1178,7 +1345,7 @@ static VALUE cState_array_nl_set(VALUE self, VALUE array_nl)
         }
     } else {
         if (state->array_nl) ruby_xfree(state->array_nl);
-        state->array_nl = strdup(RSTRING_PTR(array_nl));
+        state->array_nl = fstrndup(RSTRING_PTR(array_nl), len);
         state->array_nl_len = len;
     }
     return Qnil;
@@ -1223,50 +1390,52 @@ static VALUE cState_max_nesting_set(VALUE self, VALUE depth)
 }
 
 /*
- * call-seq: allow_nan?
+ * call-seq: escape_slash
  *
- * Returns true, if NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity should be generated, otherwise
- * returns false.
+ * If this boolean is true, the forward slashes will be escaped in
+ * the json output.
  */
-static VALUE cState_allow_nan_p(VALUE self)
+static VALUE cState_escape_slash(VALUE self)
 {
     GET_STATE(self);
-    return state->allow_nan ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+    return state->escape_slash ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
 /*
- * call-seq: ascii_only?
+ * call-seq: escape_slash=(depth)
  *
- * Returns true, if NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity should be generated, otherwise
- * returns false.
+ * This sets whether or not the forward slashes will be escaped in
+ * the json output.
  */
-static VALUE cState_ascii_only_p(VALUE self)
+static VALUE cState_escape_slash_set(VALUE self, VALUE enable)
 {
     GET_STATE(self);
-    return state->ascii_only ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+    state->escape_slash = RTEST(enable);
+    return Qnil;
 }
 
 /*
- * call-seq: quirks_mode?
+ * call-seq: allow_nan?
  *
- * Returns true, if quirks mode is enabled. Otherwise returns false.
+ * Returns true, if NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity should be generated, otherwise
+ * returns false.
  */
-static VALUE cState_quirks_mode_p(VALUE self)
+static VALUE cState_allow_nan_p(VALUE self)
 {
     GET_STATE(self);
-    return state->quirks_mode ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+    return state->allow_nan ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
 /*
- * call-seq: quirks_mode=(enable)
+ * call-seq: ascii_only?
  *
- * If set to true, enables the quirks_mode mode.
+ * Returns true, if only ASCII characters should be generated. Otherwise
+ * returns false.
  */
-static VALUE cState_quirks_mode_set(VALUE self, VALUE enable)
+static VALUE cState_ascii_only_p(VALUE self)
 {
     GET_STATE(self);
-    state->quirks_mode = RTEST(enable);
-    return Qnil;
+    return state->ascii_only ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1297,7 +1466,7 @@ static VALUE cState_depth_set(VALUE self, VALUE depth)
 /*
  * call-seq: buffer_initial_length
  *
- * This integer returns the current inital length of the buffer.
+ * This integer returns the current initial length of the buffer.
  */
 static VALUE cState_buffer_initial_length(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -1326,8 +1495,13 @@ static VALUE cState_buffer_initial_length_set(VALUE self, VALUE buffer_initial_l
 /*
  *
  */
-void Init_generator()
+void Init_generator(void)
 {
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
+    rb_ext_ractor_safe(true);
+#endif
+
+#undef rb_intern
     rb_require("json/common");
 
     mJSON = rb_define_module("JSON");
@@ -1336,6 +1510,8 @@ void Init_generator()
 
     eGeneratorError = rb_path2class("JSON::GeneratorError");
     eNestingError = rb_path2class("JSON::NestingError");
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(eGeneratorError);
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(eNestingError);
 
     cState = rb_define_class_under(mGenerator, "State", rb_cObject);
     rb_define_alloc_func(cState, cState_s_allocate);
@@ -1354,12 +1530,12 @@ void Init_generator()
     rb_define_method(cState, "array_nl=", cState_array_nl_set, 1);
     rb_define_method(cState, "max_nesting", cState_max_nesting, 0);
     rb_define_method(cState, "max_nesting=", cState_max_nesting_set, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cState, "escape_slash", cState_escape_slash, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cState, "escape_slash?", cState_escape_slash, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cState, "escape_slash=", cState_escape_slash_set, 1);
     rb_define_method(cState, "check_circular?", cState_check_circular_p, 0);
     rb_define_method(cState, "allow_nan?", cState_allow_nan_p, 0);
     rb_define_method(cState, "ascii_only?", cState_ascii_only_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cState, "quirks_mode?", cState_quirks_mode_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cState, "quirks_mode", cState_quirks_mode_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cState, "quirks_mode=", cState_quirks_mode_set, 1);
     rb_define_method(cState, "depth", cState_depth, 0);
     rb_define_method(cState, "depth=", cState_depth_set, 1);
     rb_define_method(cState, "buffer_initial_length", cState_buffer_initial_length, 0);
@@ -1379,10 +1555,15 @@ void Init_generator()
     rb_define_method(mHash, "to_json", mHash_to_json, -1);
     mArray = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "Array");
     rb_define_method(mArray, "to_json", mArray_to_json, -1);
+#ifdef RUBY_INTEGER_UNIFICATION
+    mInteger = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "Integer");
+    rb_define_method(mInteger, "to_json", mInteger_to_json, -1);
+#else
     mFixnum = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "Fixnum");
     rb_define_method(mFixnum, "to_json", mFixnum_to_json, -1);
     mBignum = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "Bignum");
     rb_define_method(mBignum, "to_json", mBignum_to_json, -1);
+#endif
     mFloat = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "Float");
     rb_define_method(mFloat, "to_json", mFloat_to_json, -1);
     mString = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "String");
@@ -1399,7 +1580,6 @@ void Init_generator()
     mNilClass = rb_define_module_under(mGeneratorMethods, "NilClass");
     rb_define_method(mNilClass, "to_json", mNilClass_to_json, -1);
 
-    CRegexp_MULTILINE = rb_const_get(rb_cRegexp, rb_intern("MULTILINE"));
     i_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
     i_to_json = rb_intern("to_json");
     i_new = rb_intern("new");
@@ -1409,9 +1589,9 @@ void Init_generator()
     i_object_nl = rb_intern("object_nl");
     i_array_nl = rb_intern("array_nl");
     i_max_nesting = rb_intern("max_nesting");
+    i_escape_slash = rb_intern("escape_slash");
     i_allow_nan = rb_intern("allow_nan");
     i_ascii_only = rb_intern("ascii_only");
-    i_quirks_mode = rb_intern("quirks_mode");
     i_depth = rb_intern("depth");
     i_buffer_initial_length = rb_intern("buffer_initial_length");
     i_pack = rb_intern("pack");
@@ -1425,11 +1605,4 @@ void Init_generator()
     i_match = rb_intern("match");
     i_keys = rb_intern("keys");
     i_dup = rb_intern("dup");
-#ifdef HAVE_RUBY_ENCODING_H
-    CEncoding_UTF_8 = rb_funcall(rb_path2class("Encoding"), rb_intern("find"), 1, rb_str_new2("utf-8"));
-    i_encoding = rb_intern("encoding");
-    i_encode = rb_intern("encode");
-#endif
-    i_SAFE_STATE_PROTOTYPE = rb_intern("SAFE_STATE_PROTOTYPE");
-    CJSON_SAFE_STATE_PROTOTYPE = Qnil;
 }