js_stack 0.5.7 → 0.6.0

data/vendor/assets/javascripts/js_stack/base/marionette/1.7.0.js

@@ -1,2746 +0,0 @@
-// MarionetteJS (Backbone.Marionette)
-// ----------------------------------
-// v1.7.0
-//
-// Copyright (c)2014 Derick Bailey, Muted Solutions, LLC.
-// Distributed under MIT license
-//
-// http://marionettejs.com
-
-
-
-/*!
- * Includes BabySitter
- * https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.babysitter/
- *
- * Includes Wreqr
- * https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.wreqr/
- */
-
-// Backbone.BabySitter
-// -------------------
-// v0.1.0
-//
-// Copyright (c)2014 Derick Bailey, Muted Solutions, LLC.
-// Distributed under MIT license
-//
-// http://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.babysitter
-
-// Backbone.ChildViewContainer
-// ---------------------------
-//
-// Provide a container to store, retrieve and
-// shut down child views.
-
-Backbone.ChildViewContainer = (function(Backbone, _){
-
-  // Container Constructor
-  // ---------------------
-
-  var Container = function(views){
-    this._views = {};
-    this._indexByModel = {};
-    this._indexByCustom = {};
-    this._updateLength();
-
-    _.each(views, this.add, this);
-  };
-
-  // Container Methods
-  // -----------------
-
-  _.extend(Container.prototype, {
-
-    // Add a view to this container. Stores the view
-    // by `cid` and makes it searchable by the model
-    // cid (and model itself). Optionally specify
-    // a custom key to store an retrieve the view.
-    add: function(view, customIndex){
-      var viewCid = view.cid;
-
-      // store the view
-      this._views[viewCid] = view;
-
-      // index it by model
-      if (view.model){
-        this._indexByModel[view.model.cid] = viewCid;
-      }
-
-      // index by custom
-      if (customIndex){
-        this._indexByCustom[customIndex] = viewCid;
-      }
-
-      this._updateLength();
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Find a view by the model that was attached to
-    // it. Uses the model's `cid` to find it.
-    findByModel: function(model){
-      return this.findByModelCid(model.cid);
-    },
-
-    // Find a view by the `cid` of the model that was attached to
-    // it. Uses the model's `cid` to find the view `cid` and
-    // retrieve the view using it.
-    findByModelCid: function(modelCid){
-      var viewCid = this._indexByModel[modelCid];
-      return this.findByCid(viewCid);
-    },
-
-    // Find a view by a custom indexer.
-    findByCustom: function(index){
-      var viewCid = this._indexByCustom[index];
-      return this.findByCid(viewCid);
-    },
-
-    // Find by index. This is not guaranteed to be a
-    // stable index.
-    findByIndex: function(index){
-      return _.values(this._views)[index];
-    },
-
-    // retrieve a view by its `cid` directly
-    findByCid: function(cid){
-      return this._views[cid];
-    },
-
-    // Remove a view
-    remove: function(view){
-      var viewCid = view.cid;
-
-      // delete model index
-      if (view.model){
-        delete this._indexByModel[view.model.cid];
-      }
-
-      // delete custom index
-      _.any(this._indexByCustom, function(cid, key) {
-        if (cid === viewCid) {
-          delete this._indexByCustom[key];
-          return true;
-        }
-      }, this);
-
-      // remove the view from the container
-      delete this._views[viewCid];
-
-      // update the length
-      this._updateLength();
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Call a method on every view in the container,
-    // passing parameters to the call method one at a
-    // time, like `function.call`.
-    call: function(method){
-      this.apply(method, _.tail(arguments));
-    },
-
-    // Apply a method on every view in the container,
-    // passing parameters to the call method one at a
-    // time, like `function.apply`.
-    apply: function(method, args){
-      _.each(this._views, function(view){
-        if (_.isFunction(view[method])){
-          view[method].apply(view, args || []);
-        }
-      });
-    },
-
-    // Update the `.length` attribute on this container
-    _updateLength: function(){
-      this.length = _.size(this._views);
-    }
-  });
-
-  // Borrowing this code from Backbone.Collection:
-  // http://backbonejs.org/docs/backbone.html#section-106
-  //
-  // Mix in methods from Underscore, for iteration, and other
-  // collection related features.
-  var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'find', 'detect', 'filter',
-    'select', 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include',
-    'contains', 'invoke', 'toArray', 'first', 'initial', 'rest',
-    'last', 'without', 'isEmpty', 'pluck'];
-
-  _.each(methods, function(method) {
-    Container.prototype[method] = function() {
-      var views = _.values(this._views);
-      var args = [views].concat(_.toArray(arguments));
-      return _[method].apply(_, args);
-    };
-  });
-
-  // return the public API
-  return Container;
-})(Backbone, _);
-
-// Backbone.Wreqr (Backbone.Marionette)
-// ----------------------------------
-// v1.0.0
-//
-// Copyright (c)2014 Derick Bailey, Muted Solutions, LLC.
-// Distributed under MIT license
-//
-// http://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.wreqr
-
-
-Backbone.Wreqr = (function(Backbone, Marionette, _){
-  "use strict";
-  var Wreqr = {};
-
-  // Handlers
-// --------
-// A registry of functions to call, given a name
-
-Wreqr.Handlers = (function(Backbone, _){
-  "use strict";
-
-  // Constructor
-  // -----------
-
-  var Handlers = function(options){
-    this.options = options;
-    this._wreqrHandlers = {};
-
-    if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)){
-      this.initialize(options);
-    }
-  };
-
-  Handlers.extend = Backbone.Model.extend;
-
-  // Instance Members
-  // ----------------
-
-  _.extend(Handlers.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
-
-    // Add multiple handlers using an object literal configuration
-    setHandlers: function(handlers){
-      _.each(handlers, function(handler, name){
-        var context = null;
-
-        if (_.isObject(handler) && !_.isFunction(handler)){
-          context = handler.context;
-          handler = handler.callback;
-        }
-
-        this.setHandler(name, handler, context);
-      }, this);
-    },
-
-    // Add a handler for the given name, with an
-    // optional context to run the handler within
-    setHandler: function(name, handler, context){
-      var config = {
-        callback: handler,
-        context: context
-      };
-
-      this._wreqrHandlers[name] = config;
-
-      this.trigger("handler:add", name, handler, context);
-    },
-
-    // Determine whether or not a handler is registered
-    hasHandler: function(name){
-      return !! this._wreqrHandlers[name];
-    },
-
-    // Get the currently registered handler for
-    // the specified name. Throws an exception if
-    // no handler is found.
-    getHandler: function(name){
-      var config = this._wreqrHandlers[name];
-
-      if (!config){
-        throw new Error("Handler not found for '" + name + "'");
-      }
-
-      return function(){
-        var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments);
-        return config.callback.apply(config.context, args);
-      };
-    },
-
-    // Remove a handler for the specified name
-    removeHandler: function(name){
-      delete this._wreqrHandlers[name];
-    },
-
-    // Remove all handlers from this registry
-    removeAllHandlers: function(){
-      this._wreqrHandlers = {};
-    }
-  });
-
-  return Handlers;
-})(Backbone, _);
-
-  // Wreqr.CommandStorage
-// --------------------
-//
-// Store and retrieve commands for execution.
-Wreqr.CommandStorage = (function(){
-  "use strict";
-
-  // Constructor function
-  var CommandStorage = function(options){
-    this.options = options;
-    this._commands = {};
-
-    if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)){
-      this.initialize(options);
-    }
-  };
-
-  // Instance methods
-  _.extend(CommandStorage.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
-
-    // Get an object literal by command name, that contains
-    // the `commandName` and the `instances` of all commands
-    // represented as an array of arguments to process
-    getCommands: function(commandName){
-      var commands = this._commands[commandName];
-
-      // we don't have it, so add it
-      if (!commands){
-
-        // build the configuration
-        commands = {
-          command: commandName,
-          instances: []
-        };
-
-        // store it
-        this._commands[commandName] = commands;
-      }
-
-      return commands;
-    },
-
-    // Add a command by name, to the storage and store the
-    // args for the command
-    addCommand: function(commandName, args){
-      var command = this.getCommands(commandName);
-      command.instances.push(args);
-    },
-
-    // Clear all commands for the given `commandName`
-    clearCommands: function(commandName){
-      var command = this.getCommands(commandName);
-      command.instances = [];
-    }
-  });
-
-  return CommandStorage;
-})();
-
-  // Wreqr.Commands
-// --------------
-//
-// A simple command pattern implementation. Register a command
-// handler and execute it.
-Wreqr.Commands = (function(Wreqr){
-  "use strict";
-
-  return Wreqr.Handlers.extend({
-    // default storage type
-    storageType: Wreqr.CommandStorage,
-
-    constructor: function(options){
-      this.options = options || {};
-
-      this._initializeStorage(this.options);
-      this.on("handler:add", this._executeCommands, this);
-
-      var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
-      Wreqr.Handlers.prototype.constructor.apply(this, args);
-    },
-
-    // Execute a named command with the supplied args
-    execute: function(name, args){
-      name = arguments[0];
-      args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
-
-      if (this.hasHandler(name)){
-        this.getHandler(name).apply(this, args);
-      } else {
-        this.storage.addCommand(name, args);
-      }
-
-    },
-
-    // Internal method to handle bulk execution of stored commands
-    _executeCommands: function(name, handler, context){
-      var command = this.storage.getCommands(name);
-
-      // loop through and execute all the stored command instances
-      _.each(command.instances, function(args){
-        handler.apply(context, args);
-      });
-
-      this.storage.clearCommands(name);
-    },
-
-    // Internal method to initialize storage either from the type's
-    // `storageType` or the instance `options.storageType`.
-    _initializeStorage: function(options){
-      var storage;
-
-      var StorageType = options.storageType || this.storageType;
-      if (_.isFunction(StorageType)){
-        storage = new StorageType();
-      } else {
-        storage = StorageType;
-      }
-
-      this.storage = storage;
-    }
-  });
-
-})(Wreqr);
-
-  // Wreqr.RequestResponse
-// ---------------------
-//
-// A simple request/response implementation. Register a
-// request handler, and return a response from it
-Wreqr.RequestResponse = (function(Wreqr){
-  "use strict";
-
-  return Wreqr.Handlers.extend({
-    request: function(){
-      var name = arguments[0];
-      var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
-
-      return this.getHandler(name).apply(this, args);
-    }
-  });
-
-})(Wreqr);
-
-  // Event Aggregator
-// ----------------
-// A pub-sub object that can be used to decouple various parts
-// of an application through event-driven architecture.
-
-Wreqr.EventAggregator = (function(Backbone, _){
-  "use strict";
-  var EA = function(){};
-
-  // Copy the `extend` function used by Backbone's classes
-  EA.extend = Backbone.Model.extend;
-
-  // Copy the basic Backbone.Events on to the event aggregator
-  _.extend(EA.prototype, Backbone.Events);
-
-  return EA;
-})(Backbone, _);
-
-
-  return Wreqr;
-})(Backbone, Backbone.Marionette, _);
-
-var Marionette = (function(global, Backbone, _){
-  "use strict";
-
-  // Define and export the Marionette namespace
-  var Marionette = {};
-  Backbone.Marionette = Marionette;
-
-  // Get the DOM manipulator for later use
-  Marionette.$ = Backbone.$;
-
-// Helpers
-// -------
-
-// For slicing `arguments` in functions
-var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
-
-function throwError(message, name) {
-  var error = new Error(message);
-  error.name = name || 'Error';
-  throw error;
-}
-
-// Marionette.extend
-// -----------------
-
-// Borrow the Backbone `extend` method so we can use it as needed
-Marionette.extend = Backbone.Model.extend;
-
-// Marionette.getOption
-// --------------------
-
-// Retrieve an object, function or other value from a target
-// object or its `options`, with `options` taking precedence.
-Marionette.getOption = function(target, optionName){
-  if (!target || !optionName){ return; }
-  var value;
-
-  if (target.options && (optionName in target.options) && (target.options[optionName] !== undefined)){
-    value = target.options[optionName];
-  } else {
-    value = target[optionName];
-  }
-
-  return value;
-};
-
-// Marionette.normalizeMethods
-// ----------------------
-
-// Pass in a mapping of events => functions or function names
-// and return a mapping of events => functions
-Marionette.normalizeMethods = function(hash) {
-  var normalizedHash = {}, method;
-  _.each(hash, function(fn, name) {
-    method = fn;
-    if (!_.isFunction(method)) {
-      method = this[method];
-    }
-    if (!method) {
-      return;
-    }
-    normalizedHash[name] = method;
-  }, this);
-  return normalizedHash;
-};
-
-// Trigger an event and/or a corresponding method name. Examples:
-//
-// `this.triggerMethod("foo")` will trigger the "foo" event and
-// call the "onFoo" method.
-//
-// `this.triggerMethod("foo:bar")` will trigger the "foo:bar" event and
-// call the "onFooBar" method.
-Marionette.triggerMethod = (function(){
-
-  // split the event name on the ":"
-  var splitter = /(^|:)(\w)/gi;
-
-  // take the event section ("section1:section2:section3")
-  // and turn it in to uppercase name
-  function getEventName(match, prefix, eventName) {
-    return eventName.toUpperCase();
-  }
-
-  // actual triggerMethod implementation
-  var triggerMethod = function(event) {
-    // get the method name from the event name
-    var methodName = 'on' + event.replace(splitter, getEventName);
-    var method = this[methodName];
-
-    // trigger the event, if a trigger method exists
-    if(_.isFunction(this.trigger)) {
-      this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
-    }
-
-    // call the onMethodName if it exists
-    if (_.isFunction(method)) {
-      // pass all arguments, except the event name
-      return method.apply(this, _.tail(arguments));
-    }
-  };
-
-  return triggerMethod;
-})();
-
-// DOMRefresh
-// ----------
-//
-// Monitor a view's state, and after it has been rendered and shown
-// in the DOM, trigger a "dom:refresh" event every time it is
-// re-rendered.
-
-Marionette.MonitorDOMRefresh = (function(documentElement){
-  // track when the view has been shown in the DOM,
-  // using a Marionette.Region (or by other means of triggering "show")
-  function handleShow(view){
-    view._isShown = true;
-    triggerDOMRefresh(view);
-  }
-
-  // track when the view has been rendered
-  function handleRender(view){
-    view._isRendered = true;
-    triggerDOMRefresh(view);
-  }
-
-  // Trigger the "dom:refresh" event and corresponding "onDomRefresh" method
-  function triggerDOMRefresh(view){
-    if (view._isShown && view._isRendered && isInDOM(view)){
-      if (_.isFunction(view.triggerMethod)){
-        view.triggerMethod("dom:refresh");
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  function isInDOM(view) {
-    return documentElement.contains(view.el);
-  }
-
-  // Export public API
-  return function(view){
-    view.listenTo(view, "show", function(){
-      handleShow(view);
-    });
-
-    view.listenTo(view, "render", function(){
-      handleRender(view);
-    });
-  };
-})(document.documentElement);
-
-
-// Marionette.bindEntityEvents & unbindEntityEvents
-// ---------------------------
-//
-// These methods are used to bind/unbind a backbone "entity" (collection/model)
-// to methods on a target object.
-//
-// The first parameter, `target`, must have a `listenTo` method from the
-// EventBinder object.
-//
-// The second parameter is the entity (Backbone.Model or Backbone.Collection)
-// to bind the events from.
-//
-// The third parameter is a hash of { "event:name": "eventHandler" }
-// configuration. Multiple handlers can be separated by a space. A
-// function can be supplied instead of a string handler name.
-
-(function(Marionette){
-  "use strict";
-
-  // Bind the event to handlers specified as a string of
-  // handler names on the target object
-  function bindFromStrings(target, entity, evt, methods){
-    var methodNames = methods.split(/\s+/);
-
-    _.each(methodNames,function(methodName) {
-
-      var method = target[methodName];
-      if(!method) {
-        throwError("Method '"+ methodName +"' was configured as an event handler, but does not exist.");
-      }
-
-      target.listenTo(entity, evt, method);
-    });
-  }
-
-  // Bind the event to a supplied callback function
-  function bindToFunction(target, entity, evt, method){
-      target.listenTo(entity, evt, method);
-  }
-
-  // Bind the event to handlers specified as a string of
-  // handler names on the target object
-  function unbindFromStrings(target, entity, evt, methods){
-    var methodNames = methods.split(/\s+/);
-
-    _.each(methodNames,function(methodName) {
-      var method = target[methodName];
-      target.stopListening(entity, evt, method);
-    });
-  }
-
-  // Bind the event to a supplied callback function
-  function unbindToFunction(target, entity, evt, method){
-      target.stopListening(entity, evt, method);
-  }
-
-
-  // generic looping function
-  function iterateEvents(target, entity, bindings, functionCallback, stringCallback){
-    if (!entity || !bindings) { return; }
-
-    // allow the bindings to be a function
-    if (_.isFunction(bindings)){
-      bindings = bindings.call(target);
-    }
-
-    // iterate the bindings and bind them
-    _.each(bindings, function(methods, evt){
-
-      // allow for a function as the handler,
-      // or a list of event names as a string
-      if (_.isFunction(methods)){
-        functionCallback(target, entity, evt, methods);
-      } else {
-        stringCallback(target, entity, evt, methods);
-      }
-
-    });
-  }
-
-  // Export Public API
-  Marionette.bindEntityEvents = function(target, entity, bindings){
-    iterateEvents(target, entity, bindings, bindToFunction, bindFromStrings);
-  };
-
-  Marionette.unbindEntityEvents = function(target, entity, bindings){
-    iterateEvents(target, entity, bindings, unbindToFunction, unbindFromStrings);
-  };
-
-})(Marionette);
-
-
-// Callbacks
-// ---------
-
-// A simple way of managing a collection of callbacks
-// and executing them at a later point in time, using jQuery's
-// `Deferred` object.
-Marionette.Callbacks = function(){
-  this._deferred = Marionette.$.Deferred();
-  this._callbacks = [];
-};
-
-_.extend(Marionette.Callbacks.prototype, {
-
-  // Add a callback to be executed. Callbacks added here are
-  // guaranteed to execute, even if they are added after the
-  // `run` method is called.
-  add: function(callback, contextOverride){
-    this._callbacks.push({cb: callback, ctx: contextOverride});
-
-    this._deferred.done(function(context, options){
-      if (contextOverride){ context = contextOverride; }
-      callback.call(context, options);
-    });
-  },
-
-  // Run all registered callbacks with the context specified.
-  // Additional callbacks can be added after this has been run
-  // and they will still be executed.
-  run: function(options, context){
-    this._deferred.resolve(context, options);
-  },
-
-  // Resets the list of callbacks to be run, allowing the same list
-  // to be run multiple times - whenever the `run` method is called.
-  reset: function(){
-    var callbacks = this._callbacks;
-    this._deferred = Marionette.$.Deferred();
-    this._callbacks = [];
-
-    _.each(callbacks, function(cb){
-      this.add(cb.cb, cb.ctx);
-    }, this);
-  }
-});
-
-
-// Marionette Controller
-// ---------------------
-//
-// A multi-purpose object to use as a controller for
-// modules and routers, and as a mediator for workflow
-// and coordination of other objects, views, and more.
-Marionette.Controller = function(options){
-  this.triggerMethod = Marionette.triggerMethod;
-  this.options = options || {};
-
-  if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)){
-    this.initialize(this.options);
-  }
-};
-
-Marionette.Controller.extend = Marionette.extend;
-
-// Controller Methods
-// --------------
-
-// Ensure it can trigger events with Backbone.Events
-_.extend(Marionette.Controller.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
-  close: function(){
-    this.stopListening();
-    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
-    this.triggerMethod.apply(this, ["close"].concat(args));
-    this.unbind();
-  }
-});
-
-// Region
-// ------
-//
-// Manage the visual regions of your composite application. See
-// http://lostechies.com/derickbailey/2011/12/12/composite-js-apps-regions-and-region-managers/
-
-Marionette.Region = function(options){
-  this.options = options || {};
-  this.el = Marionette.getOption(this, "el");
-
-  if (!this.el){
-    throwError("An 'el' must be specified for a region.", "NoElError");
-  }
-
-  if (this.initialize){
-    var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments);
-    this.initialize.apply(this, args);
-  }
-};
-
-
-// Region Type methods
-// -------------------
-
-_.extend(Marionette.Region, {
-
-  // Build an instance of a region by passing in a configuration object
-  // and a default region type to use if none is specified in the config.
-  //
-  // The config object should either be a string as a jQuery DOM selector,
-  // a Region type directly, or an object literal that specifies both
-  // a selector and regionType:
-  //
-  // ```js
-  // {
-  //   selector: "#foo",
-  //   regionType: MyCustomRegion
-  // }
-  // ```
-  //
-  buildRegion: function(regionConfig, defaultRegionType){
-    var regionIsString = _.isString(regionConfig);
-    var regionSelectorIsString = _.isString(regionConfig.selector);
-    var regionTypeIsUndefined = _.isUndefined(regionConfig.regionType);
-    var regionIsType = _.isFunction(regionConfig);
-
-    if (!regionIsType && !regionIsString && !regionSelectorIsString) {
-      throwError("Region must be specified as a Region type, a selector string or an object with selector property");
-    }
-
-    var selector, RegionType;
-
-    // get the selector for the region
-
-    if (regionIsString) {
-      selector = regionConfig;
-    }
-
-    if (regionConfig.selector) {
-      selector = regionConfig.selector;
-      delete regionConfig.selector;
-    }
-
-    // get the type for the region
-
-    if (regionIsType){
-      RegionType = regionConfig;
-    }
-
-    if (!regionIsType && regionTypeIsUndefined) {
-      RegionType = defaultRegionType;
-    }
-
-    if (regionConfig.regionType) {
-      RegionType = regionConfig.regionType;
-      delete regionConfig.regionType;
-    }
-
-    if (regionIsString || regionIsType) {
-      regionConfig = {};
-    }
-
-    regionConfig.el = selector;
-
-    // build the region instance
-    var region = new RegionType(regionConfig);
-
-    // override the `getEl` function if we have a parentEl
-    // this must be overridden to ensure the selector is found
-    // on the first use of the region. if we try to assign the
-    // region's `el` to `parentEl.find(selector)` in the object
-    // literal to build the region, the element will not be
-    // guaranteed to be in the DOM already, and will cause problems
-    if (regionConfig.parentEl){
-      region.getEl = function(selector) {
-        var parentEl = regionConfig.parentEl;
-        if (_.isFunction(parentEl)){
-          parentEl = parentEl();
-        }
-        return parentEl.find(selector);
-      };
-    }
-
-    return region;
-  }
-
-});
-
-// Region Instance Methods
-// -----------------------
-
-_.extend(Marionette.Region.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
-
-  // Displays a backbone view instance inside of the region.
-  // Handles calling the `render` method for you. Reads content
-  // directly from the `el` attribute. Also calls an optional
-  // `onShow` and `close` method on your view, just after showing
-  // or just before closing the view, respectively.
-  show: function(view){
-    this.ensureEl();
-
-    var isViewClosed = view.isClosed || _.isUndefined(view.$el);
-    var isDifferentView = view !== this.currentView;
-
-    if (isDifferentView) {
-      this.close();
-    }
-
-    view.render();
-    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(this, "before:show", view);
-    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(view, "before:show");
-
-    if (isDifferentView || isViewClosed) {
-      this.open(view);
-    }
-
-    this.currentView = view;
-
-    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(this, "show", view);
-    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(view, "show");
-  },
-
-  ensureEl: function(){
-    if (!this.$el || this.$el.length === 0){
-      this.$el = this.getEl(this.el);
-    }
-  },
-
-  // Override this method to change how the region finds the
-  // DOM element that it manages. Return a jQuery selector object.
-  getEl: function(selector){
-    return Marionette.$(selector);
-  },
-
-  // Override this method to change how the new view is
-  // appended to the `$el` that the region is managing
-  open: function(view){
-    this.$el.empty().append(view.el);
-  },
-
-  // Close the current view, if there is one. If there is no
-  // current view, it does nothing and returns immediately.
-  close: function(){
-    var view = this.currentView;
-    if (!view || view.isClosed){ return; }
-
-    // call 'close' or 'remove', depending on which is found
-    if (view.close) { view.close(); }
-    else if (view.remove) { view.remove(); }
-
-    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(this, "close", view);
-
-    delete this.currentView;
-  },
-
-  // Attach an existing view to the region. This
-  // will not call `render` or `onShow` for the new view,
-  // and will not replace the current HTML for the `el`
-  // of the region.
-  attachView: function(view){
-    this.currentView = view;
-  },
-
-  // Reset the region by closing any existing view and
-  // clearing out the cached `$el`. The next time a view
-  // is shown via this region, the region will re-query the
-  // DOM for the region's `el`.
-  reset: function(){
-    this.close();
-    delete this.$el;
-  }
-});
-
-// Copy the `extend` function used by Backbone's classes
-Marionette.Region.extend = Marionette.extend;
-
-// Marionette.RegionManager
-// ------------------------
-//
-// Manage one or more related `Marionette.Region` objects.
-Marionette.RegionManager = (function(Marionette){
-
-  var RegionManager = Marionette.Controller.extend({
-    constructor: function(options){
-      this._regions = {};
-      Marionette.Controller.prototype.constructor.call(this, options);
-    },
-
-    // Add multiple regions using an object literal, where
-    // each key becomes the region name, and each value is
-    // the region definition.
-    addRegions: function(regionDefinitions, defaults){
-      var regions = {};
-
-      _.each(regionDefinitions, function(definition, name){
-        if (_.isString(definition)){
-          definition = { selector: definition };
-        }
-
-        if (definition.selector){
-          definition = _.defaults({}, definition, defaults);
-        }
-
-        var region = this.addRegion(name, definition);
-        regions[name] = region;
-      }, this);
-
-      return regions;
-    },
-
-    // Add an individual region to the region manager,
-    // and return the region instance
-    addRegion: function(name, definition){
-      var region;
-
-      var isObject = _.isObject(definition);
-      var isString = _.isString(definition);
-      var hasSelector = !!definition.selector;
-
-      if (isString || (isObject && hasSelector)){
-        region = Marionette.Region.buildRegion(definition, Marionette.Region);
-      } else if (_.isFunction(definition)){
-        region = Marionette.Region.buildRegion(definition, Marionette.Region);
-      } else {
-        region = definition;
-      }
-
-      this._store(name, region);
-      this.triggerMethod("region:add", name, region);
-      return region;
-    },
-
-    // Get a region by name
-    get: function(name){
-      return this._regions[name];
-    },
-
-    // Remove a region by name
-    removeRegion: function(name){
-      var region = this._regions[name];
-      this._remove(name, region);
-    },
-
-    // Close all regions in the region manager, and
-    // remove them
-    removeRegions: function(){
-      _.each(this._regions, function(region, name){
-        this._remove(name, region);
-      }, this);
-    },
-
-    // Close all regions in the region manager, but
-    // leave them attached
-    closeRegions: function(){
-      _.each(this._regions, function(region, name){
-        region.close();
-      }, this);
-    },
-
-    // Close all regions and shut down the region
-    // manager entirely
-    close: function(){
-      this.removeRegions();
-      Marionette.Controller.prototype.close.apply(this, arguments);
-    },
-
-    // internal method to store regions
-    _store: function(name, region){
-      this._regions[name] = region;
-      this._setLength();
-    },
-
-    // internal method to remove a region
-    _remove: function(name, region){
-      region.close();
-      delete this._regions[name];
-      this._setLength();
-      this.triggerMethod("region:remove", name, region);
-    },
-
-    // set the number of regions current held
-    _setLength: function(){
-      this.length = _.size(this._regions);
-    }
-
-  });
-
-  // Borrowing this code from Backbone.Collection:
-  // http://backbonejs.org/docs/backbone.html#section-106
-  //
-  // Mix in methods from Underscore, for iteration, and other
-  // collection related features.
-  var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'find', 'detect', 'filter',
-    'select', 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include',
-    'contains', 'invoke', 'toArray', 'first', 'initial', 'rest',
-    'last', 'without', 'isEmpty', 'pluck'];
-
-  _.each(methods, function(method) {
-    RegionManager.prototype[method] = function() {
-      var regions = _.values(this._regions);
-      var args = [regions].concat(_.toArray(arguments));
-      return _[method].apply(_, args);
-    };
-  });
-
-  return RegionManager;
-})(Marionette);
-
-
-// Template Cache
-// --------------
-
-// Manage templates stored in `<script>` blocks,
-// caching them for faster access.
-Marionette.TemplateCache = function(templateId){
-  this.templateId = templateId;
-};
-
-// TemplateCache object-level methods. Manage the template
-// caches from these method calls instead of creating
-// your own TemplateCache instances
-_.extend(Marionette.TemplateCache, {
-  templateCaches: {},
-
-  // Get the specified template by id. Either
-  // retrieves the cached version, or loads it
-  // from the DOM.
-  get: function(templateId){
-    var cachedTemplate = this.templateCaches[templateId];
-
-    if (!cachedTemplate){
-      cachedTemplate = new Marionette.TemplateCache(templateId);
-      this.templateCaches[templateId] = cachedTemplate;
-    }
-
-    return cachedTemplate.load();
-  },
-
-  // Clear templates from the cache. If no arguments
-  // are specified, clears all templates:
-  // `clear()`
-  //
-  // If arguments are specified, clears each of the
-  // specified templates from the cache:
-  // `clear("#t1", "#t2", "...")`
-  clear: function(){
-    var i;
-    var args = slice.call(arguments);
-    var length = args.length;
-
-    if (length > 0){
-      for(i=0; i<length; i++){
-        delete this.templateCaches[args[i]];
-      }
-    } else {
-      this.templateCaches = {};
-    }
-  }
-});
-
-// TemplateCache instance methods, allowing each
-// template cache object to manage its own state
-// and know whether or not it has been loaded
-_.extend(Marionette.TemplateCache.prototype, {
-
-  // Internal method to load the template
-  load: function(){
-    // Guard clause to prevent loading this template more than once
-    if (this.compiledTemplate){
-      return this.compiledTemplate;
-    }
-
-    // Load the template and compile it
-    var template = this.loadTemplate(this.templateId);
-    this.compiledTemplate = this.compileTemplate(template);
-
-    return this.compiledTemplate;
-  },
-
-  // Load a template from the DOM, by default. Override
-  // this method to provide your own template retrieval
-  // For asynchronous loading with AMD/RequireJS, consider
-  // using a template-loader plugin as described here:
-  // https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.marionette/wiki/Using-marionette-with-requirejs
-  loadTemplate: function(templateId){
-    var template = Marionette.$(templateId).html();
-
-    if (!template || template.length === 0){
-      throwError("Could not find template: '" + templateId + "'", "NoTemplateError");
-    }
-
-    return template;
-  },
-
-  // Pre-compile the template before caching it. Override
-  // this method if you do not need to pre-compile a template
-  // (JST / RequireJS for example) or if you want to change
-  // the template engine used (Handebars, etc).
-  compileTemplate: function(rawTemplate){
-    return _.template(rawTemplate);
-  }
-});
-
-
-// Renderer
-// --------
-
-// Render a template with data by passing in the template
-// selector and the data to render.
-Marionette.Renderer = {
-
-  // Render a template with data. The `template` parameter is
-  // passed to the `TemplateCache` object to retrieve the
-  // template function. Override this method to provide your own
-  // custom rendering and template handling for all of Marionette.
-  render: function(template, data){
-
-    if (!template) {
-      throwError("Cannot render the template since it's false, null or undefined.", "TemplateNotFoundError");
-    }
-
-    var templateFunc;
-    if (typeof template === "function"){
-      templateFunc = template;
-    } else {
-      templateFunc = Marionette.TemplateCache.get(template);
-    }
-
-    return templateFunc(data);
-  }
-};
-
-
-
-// Marionette.View
-// ---------------
-
-// The core view type that other Marionette views extend from.
-Marionette.View = Backbone.View.extend({
-
-  constructor: function(options){
-    _.bindAll(this, "render");
-
-    if (_.isObject(this.behaviors)) {
-      new Marionette.Behaviors(this);
-    }
-
-    // this exposes view options to the view initializer
-    // this is a backfill since backbone removed the assignment
-    // of this.options
-    // at some point however this may be removed
-    this.options = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'options'), _.isFunction(options) ? options.call(this) : options);
-
-    // parses out the @ui DSL for events
-    this.events = this.normalizeUIKeys(_.result(this, 'events'));
-    Backbone.View.prototype.constructor.apply(this, arguments);
-
-    Marionette.MonitorDOMRefresh(this);
-    this.listenTo(this, "show", this.onShowCalled);
-  },
-
-  // import the "triggerMethod" to trigger events with corresponding
-  // methods if the method exists
-  triggerMethod: Marionette.triggerMethod,
-
-  // Imports the "normalizeMethods" to transform hashes of
-  // events=>function references/names to a hash of events=>function references
-  normalizeMethods: Marionette.normalizeMethods,
-
-  // Get the template for this view
-  // instance. You can set a `template` attribute in the view
-  // definition or pass a `template: "whatever"` parameter in
-  // to the constructor options.
-  getTemplate: function(){
-    return Marionette.getOption(this, "template");
-  },
-
-  // Mix in template helper methods. Looks for a
-  // `templateHelpers` attribute, which can either be an
-  // object literal, or a function that returns an object
-  // literal. All methods and attributes from this object
-  // are copies to the object passed in.
-  mixinTemplateHelpers: function(target){
-    target = target || {};
-    var templateHelpers = Marionette.getOption(this, "templateHelpers");
-    if (_.isFunction(templateHelpers)){
-      templateHelpers = templateHelpers.call(this);
-    }
-    return _.extend(target, templateHelpers);
-  },
-
-  // allows for the use of the @ui. syntax within
-  // a given key for triggers and events
-  // swaps the @ui with the associated selector
-  normalizeUIKeys: function(hash) {
-    var _this = this;
-    if (typeof(hash) === "undefined") {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    _.each(_.keys(hash), function(v) {
-      var pattern = /@ui.[a-zA-Z_$0-9]*/g;
-      if (v.match(pattern)) {
-        hash[v.replace(pattern, function(r) {
-          return _.result(_this, "ui")[r.slice(4)];
-        })] = hash[v];
-        delete hash[v];
-      }
-    });
-
-    return hash;
-  },
-
-  // Configure `triggers` to forward DOM events to view
-  // events. `triggers: {"click .foo": "do:foo"}`
-  configureTriggers: function(){
-    if (!this.triggers) { return; }
-
-    var triggerEvents = {};
-
-    // Allow `triggers` to be configured as a function
-    var triggers = this.normalizeUIKeys(_.result(this, "triggers"));
-
-    // Configure the triggers, prevent default
-    // action and stop propagation of DOM events
-    _.each(triggers, function(value, key){
-
-      var hasOptions = _.isObject(value);
-      var eventName = hasOptions ? value.event : value;
-
-      // build the event handler function for the DOM event
-      triggerEvents[key] = function(e){
-
-        // stop the event in its tracks
-        if (e) {
-          var prevent = e.preventDefault;
-          var stop = e.stopPropagation;
-
-          var shouldPrevent = hasOptions ? value.preventDefault : prevent;
-          var shouldStop = hasOptions ? value.stopPropagation : stop;
-
-          if (shouldPrevent && prevent) { prevent.apply(e); }
-          if (shouldStop && stop) { stop.apply(e); }
-        }
-
-        // build the args for the event
-        var args = {
-          view: this,
-          model: this.model,
-          collection: this.collection
-        };
-
-        // trigger the event
-        this.triggerMethod(eventName, args);
-      };
-
-    }, this);
-
-    return triggerEvents;
-  },
-
-  // Overriding Backbone.View's delegateEvents to handle
-  // the `triggers`, `modelEvents`, and `collectionEvents` configuration
-  delegateEvents: function(events){
-    this._delegateDOMEvents(events);
-    Marionette.bindEntityEvents(this, this.model, Marionette.getOption(this, "modelEvents"));
-    Marionette.bindEntityEvents(this, this.collection, Marionette.getOption(this, "collectionEvents"));
-  },
-
-  // internal method to delegate DOM events and triggers
-  _delegateDOMEvents: function(events){
-    events = events || this.events;
-    if (_.isFunction(events)){ events = events.call(this); }
-
-    var combinedEvents = {};
-
-    // look up if this view has behavior events
-    var behaviorEvents = _.result(this, 'behaviorEvents') || {};
-    var triggers = this.configureTriggers();
-
-    // behavior events will be overriden by view events and or triggers
-    _.extend(combinedEvents, behaviorEvents, events, triggers);
-
-    Backbone.View.prototype.delegateEvents.call(this, combinedEvents);
-  },
-
-  // Overriding Backbone.View's undelegateEvents to handle unbinding
-  // the `triggers`, `modelEvents`, and `collectionEvents` config
-  undelegateEvents: function(){
-    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
-    Backbone.View.prototype.undelegateEvents.apply(this, args);
-
-    Marionette.unbindEntityEvents(this, this.model, Marionette.getOption(this, "modelEvents"));
-    Marionette.unbindEntityEvents(this, this.collection, Marionette.getOption(this, "collectionEvents"));
-  },
-
-  // Internal method, handles the `show` event.
-  onShowCalled: function(){},
-
-  // Default `close` implementation, for removing a view from the
-  // DOM and unbinding it. Regions will call this method
-  // for you. You can specify an `onClose` method in your view to
-  // add custom code that is called after the view is closed.
-  close: function(){
-    if (this.isClosed) { return; }
-
-    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
-
-    // allow the close to be stopped by returning `false`
-    // from the `onBeforeClose` method
-    var shouldClose = this.triggerMethod.apply(this, ["before:close"].concat(args));
-    if (shouldClose === false){
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // mark as closed before doing the actual close, to
-    // prevent infinite loops within "close" event handlers
-    // that are trying to close other views
-    this.isClosed = true;
-    this.triggerMethod.apply(this, ["close"].concat(args));
-
-    // unbind UI elements
-    this.unbindUIElements();
-
-    // remove the view from the DOM
-    this.remove();
-  },
-
-  // This method binds the elements specified in the "ui" hash inside the view's code with
-  // the associated jQuery selectors.
-  bindUIElements: function(){
-    if (!this.ui) { return; }
-
-    // store the ui hash in _uiBindings so they can be reset later
-    // and so re-rendering the view will be able to find the bindings
-    if (!this._uiBindings){
-      this._uiBindings = this.ui;
-    }
-
-    // get the bindings result, as a function or otherwise
-    var bindings = _.result(this, "_uiBindings");
-
-    // empty the ui so we don't have anything to start with
-    this.ui = {};
-
-    // bind each of the selectors
-    _.each(_.keys(bindings), function(key) {
-      var selector = bindings[key];
-      this.ui[key] = this.$(selector);
-    }, this);
-  },
-
-  // This method unbinds the elements specified in the "ui" hash
-  unbindUIElements: function(){
-    if (!this.ui || !this._uiBindings){ return; }
-
-    // delete all of the existing ui bindings
-    _.each(this.ui, function($el, name){
-      delete this.ui[name];
-    }, this);
-
-    // reset the ui element to the original bindings configuration
-    this.ui = this._uiBindings;
-    delete this._uiBindings;
-  }
-});
-
-// Item View
-// ---------
-
-// A single item view implementation that contains code for rendering
-// with underscore.js templates, serializing the view's model or collection,
-// and calling several methods on extended views, such as `onRender`.
-Marionette.ItemView = Marionette.View.extend({
-
-  // Setting up the inheritance chain which allows changes to
-  // Marionette.View.prototype.constructor which allows overriding
-  constructor: function(){
-    Marionette.View.prototype.constructor.apply(this, arguments);
-  },
-
-  // Serialize the model or collection for the view. If a model is
-  // found, `.toJSON()` is called. If a collection is found, `.toJSON()`
-  // is also called, but is used to populate an `items` array in the
-  // resulting data. If both are found, defaults to the model.
-  // You can override the `serializeData` method in your own view
-  // definition, to provide custom serialization for your view's data.
-  serializeData: function(){
-    var data = {};
-
-    if (this.model) {
-      data = this.model.toJSON();
-    }
-    else if (this.collection) {
-      data = { items: this.collection.toJSON() };
-    }
-
-    return data;
-  },
-
-  // Render the view, defaulting to underscore.js templates.
-  // You can override this in your view definition to provide
-  // a very specific rendering for your view. In general, though,
-  // you should override the `Marionette.Renderer` object to
-  // change how Marionette renders views.
-  render: function(){
-    this.isClosed = false;
-
-    this.triggerMethod("before:render", this);
-    this.triggerMethod("item:before:render", this);
-
-    var data = this.serializeData();
-    data = this.mixinTemplateHelpers(data);
-
-    var template = this.getTemplate();
-    var html = Marionette.Renderer.render(template, data);
-
-    this.$el.html(html);
-    this.bindUIElements();
-
-    this.triggerMethod("render", this);
-    this.triggerMethod("item:rendered", this);
-
-    return this;
-  },
-
-  // Override the default close event to add a few
-  // more events that are triggered.
-  close: function(){
-    if (this.isClosed){ return; }
-
-    this.triggerMethod('item:before:close');
-
-    Marionette.View.prototype.close.apply(this, arguments);
-
-    this.triggerMethod('item:closed');
-  }
-});
-
-// Collection View
-// ---------------
-
-// A view that iterates over a Backbone.Collection
-// and renders an individual ItemView for each model.
-Marionette.CollectionView = Marionette.View.extend({
-  // used as the prefix for item view events
-  // that are forwarded through the collectionview
-  itemViewEventPrefix: "itemview",
-
-  // constructor
-  constructor: function(options){
-    this._initChildViewStorage();
-
-    Marionette.View.prototype.constructor.apply(this, arguments);
-
-    this._initialEvents();
-    this.initRenderBuffer();
-  },
-
-  // Instead of inserting elements one by one into the page,
-  // it's much more performant to insert elements into a document
-  // fragment and then insert that document fragment into the page
-  initRenderBuffer: function() {
-    this.elBuffer = document.createDocumentFragment();
-    this._bufferedChildren = [];
-  },
-
-  startBuffering: function() {
-    this.initRenderBuffer();
-    this.isBuffering = true;
-  },
-
-  endBuffering: function() {
-    this.isBuffering = false;
-    this.appendBuffer(this, this.elBuffer);
-    this._triggerShowBufferedChildren();
-    this.initRenderBuffer();
-  },
-
-  _triggerShowBufferedChildren: function () {
-    if (this._isShown) {
-      _.each(this._bufferedChildren, function (child) {
-        Marionette.triggerMethod.call(child, "show");
-      });
-      this._bufferedChildren = [];
-    }
-  },
-
-  // Configured the initial events that the collection view
-  // binds to.
-  _initialEvents: function(){
-    if (this.collection){
-      this.listenTo(this.collection, "add", this.addChildView);
-      this.listenTo(this.collection, "remove", this.removeItemView);
-      this.listenTo(this.collection, "reset", this.render);
-    }
-  },
-
-  // Handle a child item added to the collection
-  addChildView: function(item, collection, options){
-    this.closeEmptyView();
-    var ItemView = this.getItemView(item);
-    var index = this.collection.indexOf(item);
-    this.addItemView(item, ItemView, index);
-  },
-
-  // Override from `Marionette.View` to guarantee the `onShow` method
-  // of child views is called.
-  onShowCalled: function(){
-    this.children.each(function(child){
-      Marionette.triggerMethod.call(child, "show");
-    });
-  },
-
-  // Internal method to trigger the before render callbacks
-  // and events
-  triggerBeforeRender: function(){
-    this.triggerMethod("before:render", this);
-    this.triggerMethod("collection:before:render", this);
-  },
-
-  // Internal method to trigger the rendered callbacks and
-  // events
-  triggerRendered: function(){
-    this.triggerMethod("render", this);
-    this.triggerMethod("collection:rendered", this);
-  },
-
-  // Render the collection of items. Override this method to
-  // provide your own implementation of a render function for
-  // the collection view.
-  render: function(){
-    this.isClosed = false;
-    this.triggerBeforeRender();
-    this._renderChildren();
-    this.triggerRendered();
-    return this;
-  },
-
-  // Internal method. Separated so that CompositeView can have
-  // more control over events being triggered, around the rendering
-  // process
-  _renderChildren: function(){
-    this.startBuffering();
-
-    this.closeEmptyView();
-    this.closeChildren();
-
-    if (!this.isEmpty(this.collection)) {
-      this.showCollection();
-    } else {
-      this.showEmptyView();
-    }
-
-    this.endBuffering();
-  },
-
-  // Internal method to loop through each item in the
-  // collection view and show it
-  showCollection: function(){
-    var ItemView;
-    this.collection.each(function(item, index){
-      ItemView = this.getItemView(item);
-      this.addItemView(item, ItemView, index);
-    }, this);
-  },
-
-  // Internal method to show an empty view in place of
-  // a collection of item views, when the collection is
-  // empty
-  showEmptyView: function(){
-    var EmptyView = this.getEmptyView();
-
-    if (EmptyView && !this._showingEmptyView){
-      this._showingEmptyView = true;
-      var model = new Backbone.Model();
-      this.addItemView(model, EmptyView, 0);
-    }
-  },
-
-  // Internal method to close an existing emptyView instance
-  // if one exists. Called when a collection view has been
-  // rendered empty, and then an item is added to the collection.
-  closeEmptyView: function(){
-    if (this._showingEmptyView){
-      this.closeChildren();
-      delete this._showingEmptyView;
-    }
-  },
-
-  // Retrieve the empty view type
-  getEmptyView: function(){
-    return Marionette.getOption(this, "emptyView");
-  },
-
-  // Retrieve the itemView type, either from `this.options.itemView`
-  // or from the `itemView` in the object definition. The "options"
-  // takes precedence.
-  getItemView: function(item){
-    var itemView = Marionette.getOption(this, "itemView");
-
-    if (!itemView){
-      throwError("An `itemView` must be specified", "NoItemViewError");
-    }
-
-    return itemView;
-  },
-
-  // Render the child item's view and add it to the
-  // HTML for the collection view.
-  addItemView: function(item, ItemView, index){
-    // get the itemViewOptions if any were specified
-    var itemViewOptions = Marionette.getOption(this, "itemViewOptions");
-    if (_.isFunction(itemViewOptions)){
-      itemViewOptions = itemViewOptions.call(this, item, index);
-    }
-
-    // build the view
-    var view = this.buildItemView(item, ItemView, itemViewOptions);
-
-    // set up the child view event forwarding
-    this.addChildViewEventForwarding(view);
-
-    // this view is about to be added
-    this.triggerMethod("before:item:added", view);
-
-    // Store the child view itself so we can properly
-    // remove and/or close it later
-    this.children.add(view);
-
-    // Render it and show it
-    this.renderItemView(view, index);
-
-    // call the "show" method if the collection view
-    // has already been shown
-    if (this._isShown && !this.isBuffering){
-      Marionette.triggerMethod.call(view, "show");
-    }
-
-    // this view was added
-    this.triggerMethod("after:item:added", view);
-
-    return view;
-  },
-
-  // Set up the child view event forwarding. Uses an "itemview:"
-  // prefix in front of all forwarded events.
-  addChildViewEventForwarding: function(view){
-    var prefix = Marionette.getOption(this, "itemViewEventPrefix");
-
-    // Forward all child item view events through the parent,
-    // prepending "itemview:" to the event name
-    this.listenTo(view, "all", function(){
-      var args = slice.call(arguments);
-      var rootEvent = args[0];
-      var itemEvents = this.normalizeMethods(this.getItemEvents());
-
-      args[0] = prefix + ":" + rootEvent;
-      args.splice(1, 0, view);
-
-      // call collectionView itemEvent if defined
-      if (typeof itemEvents !== "undefined" && _.isFunction(itemEvents[rootEvent])) {
-        itemEvents[rootEvent].apply(this, args);
-      }
-
-      Marionette.triggerMethod.apply(this, args);
-    }, this);
-  },
-
-  // returns the value of itemEvents depending on if a function
-  getItemEvents: function() {
-    if (_.isFunction(this.itemEvents)) {
-      return this.itemEvents.call(this);
-    }
-
-    return this.itemEvents;
-  },
-
-  // render the item view
-  renderItemView: function(view, index) {
-    view.render();
-    this.appendHtml(this, view, index);
-  },
-
-  // Build an `itemView` for every model in the collection.
-  buildItemView: function(item, ItemViewType, itemViewOptions){
-    var options = _.extend({model: item}, itemViewOptions);
-    return new ItemViewType(options);
-  },
-
-  // get the child view by item it holds, and remove it
-  removeItemView: function(item){
-    var view = this.children.findByModel(item);
-    this.removeChildView(view);
-    this.checkEmpty();
-  },
-
-  // Remove the child view and close it
-  removeChildView: function(view){
-
-    // shut down the child view properly,
-    // including events that the collection has from it
-    if (view){
-      this.stopListening(view);
-
-      // call 'close' or 'remove', depending on which is found
-      if (view.close) { view.close(); }
-      else if (view.remove) { view.remove(); }
-
-      this.children.remove(view);
-    }
-
-    this.triggerMethod("item:removed", view);
-  },
-
-  // helper to check if the collection is empty
-  isEmpty: function(collection){
-    // check if we're empty now
-    return !this.collection || this.collection.length === 0;
-  },
-
-  // If empty, show the empty view
-  checkEmpty: function (){
-    if (this.isEmpty(this.collection)){
-      this.showEmptyView();
-    }
-  },
-
-  // You might need to override this if you've overridden appendHtml
-  appendBuffer: function(collectionView, buffer) {
-    collectionView.$el.append(buffer);
-  },
-
-  // Append the HTML to the collection's `el`.
-  // Override this method to do something other
-  // than `.append`.
-  appendHtml: function(collectionView, itemView, index){
-    if (collectionView.isBuffering) {
-      // buffering happens on reset events and initial renders
-      // in order to reduce the number of inserts into the
-      // document, which are expensive.
-      collectionView.elBuffer.appendChild(itemView.el);
-      collectionView._bufferedChildren.push(itemView);
-    }
-    else {
-      // If we've already rendered the main collection, just
-      // append the new items directly into the element.
-      collectionView.$el.append(itemView.el);
-    }
-  },
-
-  // Internal method to set up the `children` object for
-  // storing all of the child views
-  _initChildViewStorage: function(){
-    this.children = new Backbone.ChildViewContainer();
-  },
-
-  // Handle cleanup and other closing needs for
-  // the collection of views.
-  close: function(){
-    if (this.isClosed){ return; }
-
-    this.triggerMethod("collection:before:close");
-    this.closeChildren();
-    this.triggerMethod("collection:closed");
-
-    Marionette.View.prototype.close.apply(this, arguments);
-  },
-
-  // Close the child views that this collection view
-  // is holding on to, if any
-  closeChildren: function(){
-    this.children.each(function(child){
-      this.removeChildView(child);
-    }, this);
-    this.checkEmpty();
-  }
-});
-
-
-// Composite View
-// --------------
-
-// Used for rendering a branch-leaf, hierarchical structure.
-// Extends directly from CollectionView and also renders an
-// an item view as `modelView`, for the top leaf
-Marionette.CompositeView = Marionette.CollectionView.extend({
-
-  // Setting up the inheritance chain which allows changes to
-  // Marionette.CollectionView.prototype.constructor which allows overriding
-  constructor: function(){
-    Marionette.CollectionView.prototype.constructor.apply(this, arguments);
-  },
-
-  // Configured the initial events that the composite view
-  // binds to. Override this method to prevent the initial
-  // events, or to add your own initial events.
-  _initialEvents: function(){
-
-    // Bind only after composite view is rendered to avoid adding child views
-    // to nonexistent itemViewContainer
-    this.once('render', function () {
-      if (this.collection){
-        this.listenTo(this.collection, "add", this.addChildView);
-        this.listenTo(this.collection, "remove", this.removeItemView);
-        this.listenTo(this.collection, "reset", this._renderChildren);
-      }
-    });
-
-  },
-
-  // Retrieve the `itemView` to be used when rendering each of
-  // the items in the collection. The default is to return
-  // `this.itemView` or Marionette.CompositeView if no `itemView`
-  // has been defined
-  getItemView: function(item){
-    var itemView = Marionette.getOption(this, "itemView") || this.constructor;
-
-    if (!itemView){
-      throwError("An `itemView` must be specified", "NoItemViewError");
-    }
-
-    return itemView;
-  },
-
-  // Serialize the collection for the view.
-  // You can override the `serializeData` method in your own view
-  // definition, to provide custom serialization for your view's data.
-  serializeData: function(){
-    var data = {};
-
-    if (this.model){
-      data = this.model.toJSON();
-    }
-
-    return data;
-  },
-
-  // Renders the model once, and the collection once. Calling
-  // this again will tell the model's view to re-render itself
-  // but the collection will not re-render.
-  render: function(){
-    this.isRendered = true;
-    this.isClosed = false;
-    this.resetItemViewContainer();
-
-    this.triggerBeforeRender();
-    var html = this.renderModel();
-    this.$el.html(html);
-    // the ui bindings is done here and not at the end of render since they
-    // will not be available until after the model is rendered, but should be
-    // available before the collection is rendered.
-    this.bindUIElements();
-    this.triggerMethod("composite:model:rendered");
-
-    this._renderChildren();
-
-    this.triggerMethod("composite:rendered");
-    this.triggerRendered();
-    return this;
-  },
-
-  _renderChildren: function(){
-    if (this.isRendered){
-      this.triggerMethod("composite:collection:before:render");
-      Marionette.CollectionView.prototype._renderChildren.call(this);
-      this.triggerMethod("composite:collection:rendered");
-    }
-  },
-
-  // Render an individual model, if we have one, as
-  // part of a composite view (branch / leaf). For example:
-  // a treeview.
-  renderModel: function(){
-    var data = {};
-    data = this.serializeData();
-    data = this.mixinTemplateHelpers(data);
-
-    var template = this.getTemplate();
-    return Marionette.Renderer.render(template, data);
-  },
-
-
-  // You might need to override this if you've overridden appendHtml
-  appendBuffer: function(compositeView, buffer) {
-    var $container = this.getItemViewContainer(compositeView);
-    $container.append(buffer);
-  },
-
-  // Appends the `el` of itemView instances to the specified
-  // `itemViewContainer` (a jQuery selector). Override this method to
-  // provide custom logic of how the child item view instances have their
-  // HTML appended to the composite view instance.
-  appendHtml: function(compositeView, itemView, index){
-    if (compositeView.isBuffering) {
-      compositeView.elBuffer.appendChild(itemView.el);
-      compositeView._bufferedChildren.push(itemView);
-    }
-    else {
-      // If we've already rendered the main collection, just
-      // append the new items directly into the element.
-      var $container = this.getItemViewContainer(compositeView);
-      $container.append(itemView.el);
-    }
-  },
-
-
-  // Internal method to ensure an `$itemViewContainer` exists, for the
-  // `appendHtml` method to use.
-  getItemViewContainer: function(containerView){
-    if ("$itemViewContainer" in containerView){
-      return containerView.$itemViewContainer;
-    }
-
-    var container;
-    var itemViewContainer = Marionette.getOption(containerView, "itemViewContainer");
-    if (itemViewContainer){
-
-      var selector = _.isFunction(itemViewContainer) ? itemViewContainer.call(this) : itemViewContainer;
-      container = containerView.$(selector);
-      if (container.length <= 0) {
-        throwError("The specified `itemViewContainer` was not found: " + containerView.itemViewContainer, "ItemViewContainerMissingError");
-      }
-
-    } else {
-      container = containerView.$el;
-    }
-
-    containerView.$itemViewContainer = container;
-    return container;
-  },
-
-  // Internal method to reset the `$itemViewContainer` on render
-  resetItemViewContainer: function(){
-    if (this.$itemViewContainer){
-      delete this.$itemViewContainer;
-    }
-  }
-});
-
-
-// Layout
-// ------
-
-// Used for managing application layouts, nested layouts and
-// multiple regions within an application or sub-application.
-//
-// A specialized view type that renders an area of HTML and then
-// attaches `Region` instances to the specified `regions`.
-// Used for composite view management and sub-application areas.
-Marionette.Layout = Marionette.ItemView.extend({
-  regionType: Marionette.Region,
-
-  // Ensure the regions are available when the `initialize` method
-  // is called.
-  constructor: function (options) {
-    options = options || {};
-
-    this._firstRender = true;
-    this._initializeRegions(options);
-
-    Marionette.ItemView.prototype.constructor.call(this, options);
-  },
-
-  // Layout's render will use the existing region objects the
-  // first time it is called. Subsequent calls will close the
-  // views that the regions are showing and then reset the `el`
-  // for the regions to the newly rendered DOM elements.
-  render: function(){
-
-    if (this.isClosed){
-      // a previously closed layout means we need to
-      // completely re-initialize the regions
-      this._initializeRegions();
-    }
-    if (this._firstRender) {
-      // if this is the first render, don't do anything to
-      // reset the regions
-      this._firstRender = false;
-    } else if (!this.isClosed){
-      // If this is not the first render call, then we need to
-      // re-initializing the `el` for each region
-      this._reInitializeRegions();
-    }
-
-    return Marionette.ItemView.prototype.render.apply(this, arguments);
-  },
-
-  // Handle closing regions, and then close the view itself.
-  close: function () {
-    if (this.isClosed){ return; }
-    this.regionManager.close();
-    Marionette.ItemView.prototype.close.apply(this, arguments);
-  },
-
-  // Add a single region, by name, to the layout
-  addRegion: function(name, definition){
-    var regions = {};
-    regions[name] = definition;
-    return this._buildRegions(regions)[name];
-  },
-
-  // Add multiple regions as a {name: definition, name2: def2} object literal
-  addRegions: function(regions){
-    this.regions = _.extend({}, this.regions, regions);
-    return this._buildRegions(regions);
-  },
-
-  // Remove a single region from the Layout, by name
-  removeRegion: function(name){
-    delete this.regions[name];
-    return this.regionManager.removeRegion(name);
-  },
-
-  // internal method to build regions
-  _buildRegions: function(regions){
-    var that = this;
-
-    var defaults = {
-      regionType: Marionette.getOption(this, "regionType"),
-      parentEl: function(){ return that.$el; }
-    };
-
-    return this.regionManager.addRegions(regions, defaults);
-  },
-
-  // Internal method to initialize the regions that have been defined in a
-  // `regions` attribute on this layout.
-  _initializeRegions: function (options) {
-    var regions;
-    this._initRegionManager();
-
-    if (_.isFunction(this.regions)) {
-      regions = this.regions(options);
-    } else {
-      regions = this.regions || {};
-    }
-
-    this.addRegions(regions);
-  },
-
-  // Internal method to re-initialize all of the regions by updating the `el` that
-  // they point to
-  _reInitializeRegions: function(){
-    this.regionManager.closeRegions();
-    this.regionManager.each(function(region){
-      region.reset();
-    });
-  },
-
-  // Internal method to initialize the region manager
-  // and all regions in it
-  _initRegionManager: function(){
-    this.regionManager = new Marionette.RegionManager();
-
-    this.listenTo(this.regionManager, "region:add", function(name, region){
-      this[name] = region;
-      this.trigger("region:add", name, region);
-    });
-
-    this.listenTo(this.regionManager, "region:remove", function(name, region){
-      delete this[name];
-      this.trigger("region:remove", name, region);
-    });
-  }
-});
-
-
-Marionette.Behavior = (function(_, Backbone){
-  function Behavior(options, view){
-    this.view = view;
-    this.defaults = _.result(this, "defaults") || {};
-    this.options  = _.extend({}, this.defaults, options);
-
-    // proxy behavior $ method to the view
-    this.$ = function() {
-      return this.view.$.apply(this.view, arguments);
-    };
-
-    // proxy behavior $el method to the view
-    this.$el = function() {
-      return this.view.$el.apply(this.view, arguments);
-    };
-
-    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
-  }
-
-  _.extend(Behavior.prototype, {
-    initialize: function(){},
-
-    triggerMethod: Marionette.triggerMethod
-  });
-
-  // Borrow Backbones extend implementation
-  _.extend(Behavior, {
-    extend: Backbone.View.extend
-  });
-
-  return Behavior;
-})(_, Backbone);
-
-Marionette.Behaviors = (function(Marionette, _) {
-
-  function Behaviors(view) {
-    this.behaviors = Behaviors.parseBehaviors(view, view.behaviors);
-
-    Behaviors.wrap(view, this.behaviors, [
-      'bindUIElements', 'unbindUIElements',
-      'delegateEvents', 'undelegateEvents',
-      'onShow', 'onClose',
-      'behaviorEvents', 'triggerMethod'
-    ]);
-  }
-
-  var methods = {
-    onShow: function(onShow, behaviors) {
-      var args = _.tail(arguments, 2);
-
-      _.each(behaviors, function(b) {
-        Marionette.triggerMethod.apply(b, ["show"].concat(args));
-      });
-
-      if (_.isFunction(onShow)) {
-        onShow.apply(this, args);
-      }
-    },
-
-    onClose: function(onClose, behaviors){
-      var args = _.tail(arguments, 2);
-
-      _.each(behaviors, function(b) {
-        Marionette.triggerMethod.apply(b, ["close"].concat(args));
-      });
-
-      if (_.isFunction(onClose)) {
-        onClose.apply(this, args);
-      }
-    },
-
-    bindUIElements: function(bindUIElements, behaviors) {
-      bindUIElements.apply(this);
-      _.invoke(behaviors, bindUIElements);
-    },
-
-    unbindUIElements: function(unbindUIElements, behaviors) {
-      unbindUIElements.apply(this);
-      _.invoke(behaviors, unbindUIElements);
-    },
-
-    triggerMethod: function(triggerMethod, behaviors) {
-      var args = _.tail(arguments, 2);
-      triggerMethod.apply(this, args);
-
-      _.each(behaviors, function(b) {
-        triggerMethod.apply(b, args);
-      });
-    },
-
-    delegateEvents: function(delegateEvents, behaviors) {
-      var args = _.tail(arguments, 2);
-      delegateEvents.apply(this, args);
-
-      _.each(behaviors, function(b){
-        Marionette.bindEntityEvents(this, this.model, Marionette.getOption(b, "modelEvents"));
-        Marionette.bindEntityEvents(this, this.collection, Marionette.getOption(b, "collectionEvents"));
-      }, this);
-    },
-
-    undelegateEvents: function(undelegateEvents, behaviors) {
-      var args = _.tail(arguments, 2);
-      undelegateEvents.apply(this, args);
-
-      _.each(behaviors, function(b) {
-        Marionette.unbindEntityEvents(this, this.model, Marionette.getOption(b, "modelEvents"));
-        Marionette.unbindEntityEvents(this, this.collection, Marionette.getOption(b, "collectionEvents"));
-      }, this);
-    },
-
-    behaviorEvents: function(behaviorEvents, behaviors) {
-      var _behaviorsEvents = {};
-
-      _.each(behaviors, function(b, i) {
-        var behaviorEvents = _.result(b, 'events') || {};
-        var _events = {};
-
-        _.each(_.keys(behaviorEvents), function(key) {
-          // append white-space at the end of each key to prevent behavior key collisions
-          // this is relying on the fact backbone events considers "click .foo" the same  "click .foo "
-          var whitespace = (new Array(i+1)).join(" ");
-          _events[key + whitespace] = behaviorEvents[key];
-        });
-
-        _behaviorsEvents = _.extend(_behaviorsEvents, _events);
-      });
-
-      return _behaviorsEvents;
-    }
- };
-
-  _.extend(Behaviors, {
-
-    // placeholder method to be extended by the user
-    // should define the object that stores the behaviors
-    // i.e.
-    //
-    // Marionette.Behaviors.behaviorsLookup: function() {
-    //   return App.Behaviors
-    // }
-    behaviorsLookup: function() {
-      throw new Error("You must define where your behaviors are stored. See https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.marionette/blob/master/docs/marionette.behaviors.md#behaviorslookup");
-    },
-
-    getBehaviorClass: function(options, key) {
-      if (options.behaviorClass) {
-        return options.behaviorClass;
-      }
-
-      // Get behavior class can be either a flat object or a method
-      return _.isFunction(Behaviors.behaviorsLookup) ? Behaviors.behaviorsLookup.apply(this, arguments)[key] : Behaviors.behaviorsLookup[key];
-    },
-
-    parseBehaviors: function(view, behaviors){
-      return _.map(behaviors, function(options, key){
-        var BehaviorClass = Behaviors.getBehaviorClass(options, key);
-        return new BehaviorClass(options, view);
-      });
-    },
-
-    // wrap view internal methods so that they delegate to behaviors.
-    // For example, onClose should trigger close on all of the behaviors and then close itself.
-    // i.e.
-    //
-    // view.delegateEvents = _.partial(methods.delegateEvents, view.delegateEvents, behaviors);
-    wrap: function(view, behaviors, methodNames) {
-      _.each(methodNames, function(methodName) {
-        view[methodName] = _.partial(methods[methodName], view[methodName], behaviors);
-      });
-    }
-  });
-
-  return Behaviors;
-
-})(Marionette, _);
-
-
-// AppRouter
-// ---------
-
-// Reduce the boilerplate code of handling route events
-// and then calling a single method on another object.
-// Have your routers configured to call the method on
-// your object, directly.
-//
-// Configure an AppRouter with `appRoutes`.
-//
-// App routers can only take one `controller` object.
-// It is recommended that you divide your controller
-// objects in to smaller pieces of related functionality
-// and have multiple routers / controllers, instead of
-// just one giant router and controller.
-//
-// You can also add standard routes to an AppRouter.
-
-Marionette.AppRouter = Backbone.Router.extend({
-
-  constructor: function(options){
-    Backbone.Router.prototype.constructor.apply(this, arguments);
-
-    this.options = options || {};
-
-    var appRoutes = Marionette.getOption(this, "appRoutes");
-    var controller = this._getController();
-    this.processAppRoutes(controller, appRoutes);
-  },
-
-  // Similar to route method on a Backbone Router but
-  // method is called on the controller
-  appRoute: function(route, methodName) {
-    var controller = this._getController();
-    this._addAppRoute(controller, route, methodName);
-  },
-
-  // Internal method to process the `appRoutes` for the
-  // router, and turn them in to routes that trigger the
-  // specified method on the specified `controller`.
-  processAppRoutes: function(controller, appRoutes) {
-    if (!appRoutes){ return; }
-
-    var routeNames = _.keys(appRoutes).reverse(); // Backbone requires reverted order of routes
-
-    _.each(routeNames, function(route) {
-      this._addAppRoute(controller, route, appRoutes[route]);
-    }, this);
-  },
-
-  _getController: function(){
-    return Marionette.getOption(this, "controller");
-  },
-
-  _addAppRoute: function(controller, route, methodName){
-    var method = controller[methodName];
-
-    if (!method) {
-      throwError("Method '" + methodName + "' was not found on the controller");
-    }
-
-    this.route(route, methodName, _.bind(method, controller));
-  }
-});
-
-
-// Application
-// -----------
-
-// Contain and manage the composite application as a whole.
-// Stores and starts up `Region` objects, includes an
-// event aggregator as `app.vent`
-Marionette.Application = function(options){
-  this._initRegionManager();
-  this._initCallbacks = new Marionette.Callbacks();
-  this.vent = new Backbone.Wreqr.EventAggregator();
-  this.commands = new Backbone.Wreqr.Commands();
-  this.reqres = new Backbone.Wreqr.RequestResponse();
-  this.submodules = {};
-
-  _.extend(this, options);
-
-  this.triggerMethod = Marionette.triggerMethod;
-};
-
-_.extend(Marionette.Application.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
-  // Command execution, facilitated by Backbone.Wreqr.Commands
-  execute: function(){
-    this.commands.execute.apply(this.commands, arguments);
-  },
-
-  // Request/response, facilitated by Backbone.Wreqr.RequestResponse
-  request: function(){
-    return this.reqres.request.apply(this.reqres, arguments);
-  },
-
-  // Add an initializer that is either run at when the `start`
-  // method is called, or run immediately if added after `start`
-  // has already been called.
-  addInitializer: function(initializer){
-    this._initCallbacks.add(initializer);
-  },
-
-  // kick off all of the application's processes.
-  // initializes all of the regions that have been added
-  // to the app, and runs all of the initializer functions
-  start: function(options){
-    this.triggerMethod("initialize:before", options);
-    this._initCallbacks.run(options, this);
-    this.triggerMethod("initialize:after", options);
-
-    this.triggerMethod("start", options);
-  },
-
-  // Add regions to your app.
-  // Accepts a hash of named strings or Region objects
-  // addRegions({something: "#someRegion"})
-  // addRegions({something: Region.extend({el: "#someRegion"}) });
-  addRegions: function(regions){
-    return this._regionManager.addRegions(regions);
-  },
-
-  // Close all regions in the app, without removing them
-  closeRegions: function(){
-    this._regionManager.closeRegions();
-  },
-
-  // Removes a region from your app, by name
-  // Accepts the regions name
-  // removeRegion('myRegion')
-  removeRegion: function(region) {
-    this._regionManager.removeRegion(region);
-  },
-
-  // Provides alternative access to regions
-  // Accepts the region name
-  // getRegion('main')
-  getRegion: function(region) {
-    return this._regionManager.get(region);
-  },
-
-  // Create a module, attached to the application
-  module: function(moduleNames, moduleDefinition){
-
-    // Overwrite the module class if the user specifies one
-    var ModuleClass = Marionette.Module.getClass(moduleDefinition);
-
-    // slice the args, and add this application object as the
-    // first argument of the array
-    var args = slice.call(arguments);
-    args.unshift(this);
-
-    // see the Marionette.Module object for more information
-    return ModuleClass.create.apply(ModuleClass, args);
-  },
-
-  // Internal method to set up the region manager
-  _initRegionManager: function(){
-    this._regionManager = new Marionette.RegionManager();
-
-    this.listenTo(this._regionManager, "region:add", function(name, region){
-      this[name] = region;
-    });
-
-    this.listenTo(this._regionManager, "region:remove", function(name, region){
-      delete this[name];
-    });
-  }
-});
-
-// Copy the `extend` function used by Backbone's classes
-Marionette.Application.extend = Marionette.extend;
-
-// Module
-// ------
-
-// A simple module system, used to create privacy and encapsulation in
-// Marionette applications
-Marionette.Module = function(moduleName, app, options){
-  this.moduleName = moduleName;
-  this.options = _.extend({}, this.options, options);
-  this.initialize = options.initialize || this.initialize;
-
-  // store sub-modules
-  this.submodules = {};
-
-  this._setupInitializersAndFinalizers();
-
-  // store the configuration for this module
-  this.app = app;
-  this.startWithParent = true;
-
-  this.triggerMethod = Marionette.triggerMethod;
-
-  if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)){
-    this.initialize(this.options, moduleName, app);
-  }
-};
-
-Marionette.Module.extend = Marionette.extend;
-
-// Extend the Module prototype with events / listenTo, so that the module
-// can be used as an event aggregator or pub/sub.
-_.extend(Marionette.Module.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
-
-  // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
-  // initialization logic when extending Marionette.Module.
-  initialize: function(){},
-
-  // Initializer for a specific module. Initializers are run when the
-  // module's `start` method is called.
-  addInitializer: function(callback){
-    this._initializerCallbacks.add(callback);
-  },
-
-  // Finalizers are run when a module is stopped. They are used to teardown
-  // and finalize any variables, references, events and other code that the
-  // module had set up.
-  addFinalizer: function(callback){
-    this._finalizerCallbacks.add(callback);
-  },
-
-  // Start the module, and run all of its initializers
-  start: function(options){
-    // Prevent re-starting a module that is already started
-    if (this._isInitialized){ return; }
-
-    // start the sub-modules (depth-first hierarchy)
-    _.each(this.submodules, function(mod){
-      // check to see if we should start the sub-module with this parent
-      if (mod.startWithParent){
-        mod.start(options);
-      }
-    });
-
-    // run the callbacks to "start" the current module
-    this.triggerMethod("before:start", options);
-
-    this._initializerCallbacks.run(options, this);
-    this._isInitialized = true;
-
-    this.triggerMethod("start", options);
-  },
-
-  // Stop this module by running its finalizers and then stop all of
-  // the sub-modules for this module
-  stop: function(){
-    // if we are not initialized, don't bother finalizing
-    if (!this._isInitialized){ return; }
-    this._isInitialized = false;
-
-    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(this, "before:stop");
-
-    // stop the sub-modules; depth-first, to make sure the
-    // sub-modules are stopped / finalized before parents
-    _.each(this.submodules, function(mod){ mod.stop(); });
-
-    // run the finalizers
-    this._finalizerCallbacks.run(undefined,this);
-
-    // reset the initializers and finalizers
-    this._initializerCallbacks.reset();
-    this._finalizerCallbacks.reset();
-
-    this.stopListening();
-
-    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(this, "stop");
-  },
-
-  // Configure the module with a definition function and any custom args
-  // that are to be passed in to the definition function
-  addDefinition: function(moduleDefinition, customArgs){
-    this._runModuleDefinition(moduleDefinition, customArgs);
-  },
-
-  // Internal method: run the module definition function with the correct
-  // arguments
-  _runModuleDefinition: function(definition, customArgs){
-    if (!definition){ return; }
-
-    // build the correct list of arguments for the module definition
-    var args = _.flatten([
-      this,
-      this.app,
-      Backbone,
-      Marionette,
-      Marionette.$, _,
-      customArgs
-    ]);
-
-    definition.apply(this, args);
-  },
-
-  // Internal method: set up new copies of initializers and finalizers.
-  // Calling this method will wipe out all existing initializers and
-  // finalizers.
-  _setupInitializersAndFinalizers: function(){
-    this._initializerCallbacks = new Marionette.Callbacks();
-    this._finalizerCallbacks = new Marionette.Callbacks();
-  }
-});
-
-// Type methods to create modules
-_.extend(Marionette.Module, {
-
-  // Create a module, hanging off the app parameter as the parent object.
-  create: function(app, moduleNames, moduleDefinition){
-    var module = app;
-
-    // get the custom args passed in after the module definition and
-    // get rid of the module name and definition function
-    var customArgs = slice.call(arguments);
-    customArgs.splice(0, 3);
-
-    // split the module names and get the length
-    moduleNames = moduleNames.split(".");
-    var length = moduleNames.length;
-
-    // store the module definition for the last module in the chain
-    var moduleDefinitions = [];
-    moduleDefinitions[length-1] = moduleDefinition;
-
-    // Loop through all the parts of the module definition
-    _.each(moduleNames, function(moduleName, i){
-      var parentModule = module;
-      module = this._getModule(parentModule, moduleName, app, moduleDefinition);
-      this._addModuleDefinition(parentModule, module, moduleDefinitions[i], customArgs);
-    }, this);
-
-    // Return the last module in the definition chain
-    return module;
-  },
-
-  _getModule: function(parentModule, moduleName, app, def, args){
-    var options = _.extend({}, def);
-    var ModuleClass = this.getClass(def);
-
-    // Get an existing module of this name if we have one
-    var module = parentModule[moduleName];
-
-    if (!module){
-      // Create a new module if we don't have one
-      module = new ModuleClass(moduleName, app, options);
-      parentModule[moduleName] = module;
-      // store the module on the parent
-      parentModule.submodules[moduleName] = module;
-    }
-
-    return module;
-  },
-
-  getClass: function(moduleDefinition) {
-    var ModuleClass = Marionette.Module;
-
-    if (!moduleDefinition) {
-      return ModuleClass;
-    }
-
-    if (moduleDefinition.prototype instanceof ModuleClass) {
-      return moduleDefinition;
-    }
-
-    return moduleDefinition.moduleClass || ModuleClass;
-  },
-
-  _addModuleDefinition: function(parentModule, module, def, args){
-    var fn;
-    var startWithParent;
-
-    if (_.isFunction(def) && !(def.prototype instanceof Marionette.Module)){
-      // if a function is supplied for the module definition
-      fn = def;
-      startWithParent = true;
-
-    } else if (_.isObject(def)){
-      // if an object is supplied
-      fn = def.define;
-      startWithParent = !_.isUndefined(def.startWithParent) ? def.startWithParent : true;
-
-    } else {
-      // if nothing is supplied
-      startWithParent = true;
-    }
-
-    // add module definition if needed
-    if (fn){
-      module.addDefinition(fn, args);
-    }
-
-    // `and` the two together, ensuring a single `false` will prevent it
-    // from starting with the parent
-    module.startWithParent = module.startWithParent && startWithParent;
-
-    // setup auto-start if needed
-    if (module.startWithParent && !module.startWithParentIsConfigured){
-
-      // only configure this once
-      module.startWithParentIsConfigured = true;
-
-      // add the module initializer config
-      parentModule.addInitializer(function(options){
-        if (module.startWithParent){
-          module.start(options);
-        }
-      });
-
-    }
-
-  }
-});
-
-
-
-  return Marionette;
-})(this, Backbone, _);