joelind-state_machine 0.8.1

data/lib/state_machine/integrations.rb

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+# Load each available integration
+Dir["#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/integrations/*.rb"].sort.each do |path|
+  require "state_machine/integrations/#{File.basename(path)}"
+end
+
+module StateMachine
+  # Integrations allow state machines to take advantage of features within the
+  # context of a particular library.  This is currently most useful with
+  # database libraries.  For example, the various database integrations allow
+  # state machines to hook into features like:
+  # * Saving
+  # * Transactions
+  # * Observers
+  # * Scopes
+  # * Callbacks
+  # * Validation errors
+  # 
+  # This type of integration allows the user to work with state machines in a
+  # fashion similar to other object models in their application.
+  # 
+  # The integration interface is loosely defined by various unimplemented
+  # methods in the StateMachine::Machine class.  See that class or the various
+  # built-in integrations for more information about how to define additional
+  # integrations.
+  module Integrations
+    # Attempts to find an integration that matches the given class.  This will
+    # look through all of the built-in integrations under the StateMachine::Integrations
+    # namespace and find one that successfully matches the class.
+    # 
+    # == Examples
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle
+    #   end
+    #   
+    #   class ARVehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #   end
+    #   
+    #   class DMVehicle
+    #     include DataMapper::Resource
+    #   end
+    #   
+    #   class SequelVehicle < Sequel::Model
+    #   end
+    #   
+    #   StateMachine::Integrations.match(Vehicle)         # => nil
+    #   StateMachine::Integrations.match(ARVehicle)       # => StateMachine::Integrations::ActiveRecord
+    #   StateMachine::Integrations.match(DMVehicle)       # => StateMachine::Integrations::DataMapper
+    #   StateMachine::Integrations.match(SequelVehicle)   # => StateMachine::Integrations::Sequel
+    def self.match(klass)
+      if integration = constants.find {|name| const_get(name).matches?(klass)}
+        find(integration)
+      end
+    end
+    
+    # Finds an integration with the given name.  If the integration cannot be
+    # found, then a NameError exception will be raised.
+    # 
+    # == Examples
+    # 
+    #   StateMachine::Integrations.find(:active_record)   # => StateMachine::Integrations::ActiveRecord
+    #   StateMachine::Integrations.find(:data_mapper)     # => StateMachine::Integrations::DataMapper
+    #   StateMachine::Integrations.find(:sequel)          # => StateMachine::Integrations::Sequel
+    #   StateMachine::Integrations.find(:invalid)         # => NameError: wrong constant name Invalid
+    def self.find(name)
+      const_get(name.to_s.gsub(/(?:^|_)(.)/) {$1.upcase})
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/state_machine/integrations/active_record.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+module StateMachine
+  module Integrations #:nodoc:
+    # Adds support for integrating state machines with ActiveRecord models.
+    # 
+    # == Examples
+    # 
+    # Below is an example of a simple state machine defined within an
+    # ActiveRecord model:
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
+    #       event :ignite do
+    #         transition :parked => :idling
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # The examples in the sections below will use the above class as a
+    # reference.
+    # 
+    # == Actions
+    # 
+    # By default, the action that will be invoked when a state is transitioned
+    # is the +save+ action.  This will cause the record to save the changes
+    # made to the state machine's attribute.  *Note* that if any other changes
+    # were made to the record prior to transition, then those changes will
+    # be saved as well.
+    # 
+    # For example,
+    # 
+    #   vehicle = Vehicle.create          # => #<Vehicle id: 1, name: nil, state: "parked">
+    #   vehicle.name = 'Ford Explorer'
+    #   vehicle.ignite                    # => true
+    #   vehicle.reload                    # => #<Vehicle id: 1, name: "Ford Explorer", state: "idling">
+    # 
+    # == Events
+    # 
+    # As described in StateMachine::InstanceMethods#state_machine, event
+    # attributes are created for every machine that allow transitions to be
+    # performed automatically when the object's action (in this case, :save)
+    # is called.
+    # 
+    # In ActiveRecord, these automated events are run in the following order:
+    # * before validation - Run before callbacks and persist new states, then validate
+    # * before save - If validation was skipped, run before callbacks and persist new states, then save
+    # * after save - Run after callbacks
+    # 
+    # For example,
+    # 
+    #   vehicle = Vehicle.create          # => #<Vehicle id: 1, name: nil, state: "parked">
+    #   vehicle.state_event               # => nil
+    #   vehicle.state_event = 'invalid'
+    #   vehicle.valid?                    # => false
+    #   vehicle.errors.full_messages      # => ["State event is invalid"]
+    #   
+    #   vehicle.state_event = 'ignite'
+    #   vehicle.valid?                    # => true
+    #   vehicle.save                      # => true
+    #   vehicle.state                     # => "idling"
+    #   vehicle.state_event               # => nil
+    # 
+    # Note that this can also be done on a mass-assignment basis:
+    # 
+    #   vehicle = Vehicle.create(:state_event => 'ignite')  # => #<Vehicle id: 1, name: nil, state: "idling">
+    #   vehicle.state                                       # => "idling"
+    # 
+    # === Security implications
+    # 
+    # Beware that public event attributes mean that events can be fired
+    # whenever mass-assignment is being used.  If you want to prevent malicious
+    # users from tampering with events through URLs / forms, the attribute
+    # should be protected like so:
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     attr_protected :state_event
+    #     # attr_accessible ... # Alternative technique
+    #     
+    #     state_machine do
+    #       ...
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # If you want to only have *some* events be able to fire via mass-assignment,
+    # you can build two state machines (one public and one protected) like so:
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     attr_protected :state_event # Prevent access to events in the first machine
+    #     
+    #     state_machine do
+    #       # Define private events here
+    #     end
+    #     
+    #     # Public machine targets the same state as the private machine
+    #     state_machine :public_state, :attribute => :state do
+    #       # Define public events here
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # == Transactions
+    # 
+    # In order to ensure that any changes made during transition callbacks
+    # are rolled back during a failed attempt, every transition is wrapped
+    # within a transaction.
+    # 
+    # For example,
+    # 
+    #   class Message < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #   end
+    #   
+    #   Vehicle.state_machine do
+    #     before_transition do |vehicle, transition|
+    #       Message.create(:content => transition.inspect)
+    #       false
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #   
+    #   vehicle = Vehicle.create      # => #<Vehicle id: 1, name: nil, state: "parked">
+    #   vehicle.ignite                # => false
+    #   Message.count                 # => 0
+    # 
+    # *Note* that only before callbacks that halt the callback chain and
+    # failed attempts to save the record will result in the transaction being
+    # rolled back.  If an after callback halts the chain, the previous result
+    # still applies and the transaction is *not* rolled back.
+    # 
+    # To turn off transactions:
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     state_machine :initial => :parked, :use_transactions => false do
+    #       ...
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # == Validation errors
+    # 
+    # If an event fails to successfully fire because there are no matching
+    # transitions for the current record, a validation error is added to the
+    # record's state attribute to help in determining why it failed and for
+    # reporting via the UI.
+    # 
+    # For example,
+    # 
+    #   vehicle = Vehicle.create(:state => 'idling')  # => #<Vehicle id: 1, name: nil, state: "idling">
+    #   vehicle.ignite                                # => false
+    #   vehicle.errors.full_messages                  # => ["State cannot transition via \"ignite\""]
+    # 
+    # If an event fails to fire because of a validation error on the record and
+    # *not* because a matching transition was not available, no error messages
+    # will be added to the state attribute.
+    # 
+    # == Scopes
+    # 
+    # To assist in filtering models with specific states, a series of named
+    # scopes are defined on the model for finding records with or without a
+    # particular set of states.
+    # 
+    # These named scopes are essentially the functional equivalent of the
+    # following definitions:
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     named_scope :with_states, lambda {|*states| {:conditions => {:state => states}}}
+    #     # with_states also aliased to with_state
+    #     
+    #     named_scope :without_states, lambda {|*states| {:conditions => ['state NOT IN (?)', states]}}
+    #     # without_states also aliased to without_state
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # *Note*, however, that the states are converted to their stored values
+    # before being passed into the query.
+    # 
+    # Because of the way named scopes work in ActiveRecord, they can be
+    # chained like so:
+    # 
+    #   Vehicle.with_state(:parked).all(:order => 'id DESC')
+    # 
+    # == Callbacks
+    # 
+    # All before/after transition callbacks defined for ActiveRecord models
+    # behave in the same way that other ActiveRecord callbacks behave.  The
+    # object involved in the transition is passed in as an argument.
+    # 
+    # For example,
+    # 
+    #   class Vehicle < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     state_machine :initial => :parked do
+    #       before_transition any => :idling do |vehicle|
+    #         vehicle.put_on_seatbelt
+    #       end
+    #       
+    #       before_transition do |vehicle, transition|
+    #         # log message
+    #       end
+    #       
+    #       event :ignite do
+    #         transition :parked => :idling
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #     
+    #     def put_on_seatbelt
+    #       ...
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # Note, also, that the transition can be accessed by simply defining
+    # additional arguments in the callback block.
+    # 
+    # == Observers
+    # 
+    # In addition to support for ActiveRecord-like hooks, there is additional
+    # support for ActiveRecord observers.  Because of the way ActiveRecord
+    # observers are designed, there is less flexibility around the specific
+    # transitions that can be hooked in.  However, a large number of hooks
+    # *are* supported.  For example, if a transition for a record's +state+
+    # attribute changes the state from +parked+ to +idling+ via the +ignite+
+    # event, the following observer methods are supported:
+    # * before/after_ignite_from_parked_to_idling
+    # * before/after_ignite_from_parked
+    # * before/after_ignite_to_idling
+    # * before/after_ignite
+    # * before/after_transition_state_from_parked_to_idling
+    # * before/after_transition_state_from_parked
+    # * before/after_transition_state_to_idling
+    # * before/after_transition_state
+    # * before/after_transition
+    # 
+    # The following class shows an example of some of these hooks:
+    # 
+    #   class VehicleObserver < ActiveRecord::Observer
+    #     def before_save(vehicle)
+    #       # log message
+    #     end
+    #     
+    #     # Callback for :ignite event *before* the transition is performed
+    #     def before_ignite(vehicle, transition)
+    #       # log message
+    #     end
+    #     
+    #     # Callback for :ignite event *after* the transition has been performed
+    #     def after_ignite(vehicle, transition)
+    #       # put on seatbelt
+    #     end
+    #     
+    #     # Generic transition callback *before* the transition is performed
+    #     def after_transition(vehicle, transition)
+    #       Audit.log(vehicle, transition)
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    # 
+    # More flexible transition callbacks can be defined directly within the
+    # model as described in StateMachine::Machine#before_transition
+    # and StateMachine::Machine#after_transition.
+    # 
+    # To define a single observer for multiple state machines:
+    # 
+    #   class StateMachineObserver < ActiveRecord::Observer
+    #     observe Vehicle, Switch, Project
+    #     
+    #     def after_transition(record, transition)
+    #       Audit.log(record, transition)
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    module ActiveRecord
+      # The default options to use for state machines using this integration
+      class << self; attr_reader :defaults; end
+      @defaults = {:action => :save}
+      
+      # Should this integration be used for state machines in the given class?
+      # Classes that inherit from ActiveRecord::Base will automatically use
+      # the ActiveRecord integration.
+      def self.matches?(klass)
+        defined?(::ActiveRecord::Base) && klass <= ::ActiveRecord::Base
+      end
+      
+      # Loads additional files specific to ActiveRecord
+      def self.extended(base) #:nodoc:
+        require 'state_machine/integrations/active_record/observer'
+        
+        if Object.const_defined?(:I18n)
+          locale = "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/active_record/locale.rb"
+          I18n.load_path << locale unless I18n.load_path.include?(locale)
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Forces the change in state to be recognized regardless of whether the
+      # state value actually changed
+      def write(object, attribute, value)
+        result = super
+        if attribute == :state && object.respond_to?("#{attribute}_will_change!") && !object.send("#{attribute}_changed?")
+          object.send("#{attribute}_will_change!")
+        end
+        result
+      end
+      
+      # Adds a validation error to the given object 
+      def invalidate(object, attribute, message, values = [])
+        attribute = self.attribute(attribute)
+        
+        if Object.const_defined?(:I18n)
+          options = values.inject({}) {|options, (key, value)| options[key] = value; options}
+          object.errors.add(attribute, message, options.merge(
+            :default => @messages[message]
+          ))
+        else
+          object.errors.add(attribute, generate_message(message, values))
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Resets any errors previously added when invalidating the given object
+      def reset(object)
+        object.errors.clear
+      end
+      
+      protected
+        # Adds the default callbacks for notifying ActiveRecord observers
+        # before/after a transition has been performed.
+        def after_initialize
+          callbacks[:before] << Callback.new {|object, transition| notify(:before, object, transition)}
+          callbacks[:after] << Callback.new {|object, transition| notify(:after, object, transition)}
+        end
+        
+        # Defines an initialization hook into the owner class for setting the
+        # initial state of the machine *before* any attributes are set on the
+        # object
+        def define_state_initializer
+          @instance_helper_module.class_eval <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__
+            # Ensure that the attributes setter gets used to force initialization
+            # of the state machines
+            def initialize(attributes = nil, *args)
+              attributes ||= {}
+              super
+            end
+            
+            # Hooks in to attribute initialization to set the states *prior*
+            # to the attributes being set
+            def attributes=(new_attributes, *args)
+              if new_record? && !@initialized_state_machines
+                @initialized_state_machines = true
+                
+                if new_attributes
+                  attributes = new_attributes.dup
+                  attributes.stringify_keys!
+                  ignore = remove_attributes_protected_from_mass_assignment(attributes).keys
+                else
+                  ignore = []
+                end
+                
+                initialize_state_machines(:dynamic => false, :ignore => ignore)
+                super
+                initialize_state_machines(:dynamic => true, :ignore => ignore)
+              else
+                super
+              end
+            end
+          end_eval
+        end
+        
+        # Skips defining reader/writer methods since this is done automatically
+        def define_state_accessor
+          name = self.name
+          
+          owner_class.validates_each(attribute) do |record, attr, value|
+            machine = record.class.state_machine(name)
+            machine.invalidate(record, :state, :invalid) unless machine.states.match(record)
+          end
+        end
+        
+        # Adds support for defining the attribute predicate, while providing
+        # compatibility with the default predicate which determines whether
+        # *anything* is set for the attribute's value
+        def define_state_predicate
+          name = self.name
+          
+          # Still use class_eval here instance of define_instance_method since
+          # we need to be able to call +super+
+          @instance_helper_module.class_eval do
+            define_method("#{name}?") do |*args|
+              args.empty? ? super(*args) : self.class.state_machine(name).states.matches?(self, *args)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        
+        # Adds hooks into validation for automatically firing events
+        def define_action_helpers
+          if action == :save
+            if super(:create_or_update)
+              @instance_helper_module.class_eval do
+                define_method(:valid?) do |*args|
+                  self.class.state_machines.fire_event_attributes(self, :save, false) { super(*args) }
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          else
+            super
+          end
+        end
+        
+        # Creates a scope for finding records *with* a particular state or
+        # states for the attribute
+        def create_with_scope(name)
+          attribute = self.attribute
+          define_scope(name, lambda {|values| {:conditions => {attribute => values}}})
+        end
+        
+        # Creates a scope for finding records *without* a particular state or
+        # states for the attribute
+        def create_without_scope(name)
+          attribute = self.attribute
+          define_scope(name, lambda {|values| {:conditions => ["#{attribute} NOT IN (?)", values]}})
+        end
+        
+        # Runs a new database transaction, rolling back any changes by raising
+        # an ActiveRecord::Rollback exception if the yielded block fails
+        # (i.e. returns false).
+        def transaction(object)
+          object.class.transaction {raise ::ActiveRecord::Rollback unless yield}
+        end
+        
+        # Creates a new callback in the callback chain, always inserting it
+        # before the default Observer callbacks that were created after
+        # initialization.
+        def add_callback(type, options, &block)
+          options[:terminator] = @terminator ||= lambda {|result| result == false}
+          @callbacks[type].insert(-2, callback = Callback.new(options, &block))
+          add_states(callback.known_states)
+          
+          callback
+        end
+        
+      private
+        # Defines a new named scope with the given name.  Since ActiveRecord
+        # does not allow direct access to the model being used within the
+        # evaluation of a dynamic named scope, the scope must be generated
+        # manually.  It's necessary to have access to the model so that the
+        # state names can be translated to their associated values and so that
+        # inheritance is respected properly.
+        def define_scope(name, scope)
+          name = name.to_sym
+          machine_name = self.name
+          
+          # Create the scope and then override it with state translation
+          owner_class.named_scope(name)
+          owner_class.scopes[name] = lambda do |klass, *states|
+            machine_states = klass.state_machine(machine_name).states
+            values = states.flatten.map {|state| machine_states.fetch(state).value}
+            
+            ::ActiveRecord::NamedScope::Scope.new(klass, scope.call(values))
+          end
+          
+          # Prevent the Machine class from wrapping the scope
+          false
+        end
+        
+        # Notifies observers on the given object that a callback occurred
+        # involving the given transition.  This will attempt to call the
+        # following methods on observers:
+        # * #{type}_#{qualified_event}_from_#{from}_to_#{to}
+        # * #{type}_#{qualified_event}_from_#{from}
+        # * #{type}_#{qualified_event}_to_#{to}
+        # * #{type}_#{qualified_event}
+        # * #{type}_transition_#{machine_name}_from_#{from}_to_#{to}
+        # * #{type}_transition_#{machine_name}_from_#{from}
+        # * #{type}_transition_#{machine_name}_to_#{to}
+        # * #{type}_transition_#{machine_name}
+        # * #{type}_transition
+        # 
+        # This will always return true regardless of the results of the
+        # callbacks.
+        def notify(type, object, transition)
+          name = self.name
+          event = transition.qualified_event
+          from = transition.from_name
+          to = transition.to_name
+          
+          # Machine-specific updates
+          ["#{type}_#{event}", "#{type}_transition_#{name}"].each do |event_segment|
+            ["_from_#{from}", nil].each do |from_segment|
+              ["_to_#{to}", nil].each do |to_segment|
+                object.class.changed
+                object.class.notify_observers([event_segment, from_segment, to_segment].join, object, transition)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+          
+          # Generic updates
+          object.class.changed
+          object.class.notify_observers("#{type}_transition", object, transition)
+          
+          true
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end