jayzes-activewarehouse-etl 0.9.1

data/lib/etl/control/destination/database_destination.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+module ETL #:nodoc:
+  module Control #:nodoc:
+    # Destination which writes directly to a database. This is useful when you are dealing with
+    # a small amount of data. For larger amounts of data you should probably use the bulk
+    # loader if it is supported with your target database as it will use a much faster load
+    # method.
+    class DatabaseDestination < Destination
+      # The target connection
+      attr_reader :target
+      
+      # The table
+      attr_reader :table
+      
+      # Specify the order from the source
+      attr_reader :order
+      
+      # Set to true to truncate the destination table first
+      attr_reader :truncate
+      
+      # Initialize the database destination
+      # 
+      # * <tt>control</tt>: The ETL::Control::Control instance
+      # * <tt>configuration</tt>: The configuration Hash
+      # * <tt>mapping</tt>: The mapping
+      #
+      # Configuration options:
+      # * <tt>:database</tt>: The database name (REQUIRED)
+      # * <tt>:target</tt>: The target connection (REQUIRED)
+      # * <tt>:table</tt>: The table to write to (REQUIRED)
+      # * <tt>:truncate</tt>: Set to true to truncate before writing (defaults to false)
+      # * <tt>:unique</tt>: Set to true to only insert unique records (defaults to false)
+      # * <tt>:append_rows</tt>: Array of rows to append
+      #
+      # Mapping options:
+      # * <tt>:order</tt>: The order of fields to write (REQUIRED)
+      def initialize(control, configuration, mapping={})
+        super
+        @target = configuration[:target]
+        @table = configuration[:table]
+        @truncate = configuration[:truncate] ||= false
+        @unique = configuration[:unique]
+        @order = mapping[:order] || order_from_source
+        raise ControlError, "Order required in mapping" unless @order
+        raise ControlError, "Table required" unless @table
+        raise ControlError, "Target required" unless @target
+      end
+      
+      # Flush the currently buffered data
+      def flush
+        conn.transaction do
+          buffer.flatten.each do |row|
+            # check to see if this row's compound key constraint already exists
+            # note that the compound key constraint may not utilize virtual fields
+            next unless row_allowed?(row)
+
+            # add any virtual fields
+            add_virtuals!(row)
+            
+            names = []
+            values = []
+            order.each do |name|
+              names << name
+              values << conn.quote(row[name]) # TODO: this is probably not database agnostic
+            end
+            q = "INSERT INTO #{table_name} (#{names.join(',')}) VALUES (#{values.join(',')})"
+            ETL::Engine.logger.debug("Executing insert: #{q}")
+            conn.insert(q, "Insert row #{current_row}")
+            @current_row += 1
+          end
+          buffer.clear
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Close the connection
+      def close
+        buffer << append_rows if append_rows
+        flush
+      end
+      
+      private
+      def conn
+        @conn ||= begin
+          conn = ETL::Engine.connection(target)
+          conn.truncate(table_name) if truncate
+          conn
+        end
+      end
+      
+      def table_name
+        ETL::Engine.table(table, ETL::Engine.connection(target))
+      end
+      
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/etl/control/destination/file_destination.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+# This source file contains the ETL::Control::FileDestination
+
+module ETL #:nodoc:
+  module Control #:nodoc:
+    # File as the final destination.
+    class FileDestination < Destination
+      # The File to write to
+      attr_reader :file
+      
+      # The output order
+      attr_reader :order
+      
+      # Flag which indicates to append (default is to overwrite)
+      attr_accessor :append
+      
+      # The separator
+      attr_accessor :separator
+      
+      # The end of line marker
+      attr_accessor :eol
+      
+      # The enclosure character
+      attr_accessor :enclose
+      
+      # Initialize the object.
+      # * <tt>control</tt>: The Control object
+      # * <tt>configuration</tt>: The configuration map
+      # * <tt>mapping</tt>: The output mapping
+      # 
+      # Configuration options:
+      # * <tt>:file<tt>: The file to write to (REQUIRED)
+      # * <tt>:append</tt>: Set to true to append to the file (default is to overwrite)
+      # * <tt>:separator</tt>: Record separator (default is a comma)
+      # * <tt>:eol</tt>: End of line marker (default is \n)
+      # * <tt>:enclose</tt>: Enclosure character (default is none)
+      # * <tt>:unique</tt>: Set to true to only write unique records
+      # * <tt>:append_rows</tt>: Array of rows to append
+      # 
+      # Mapping options:
+      # * <tt>:order</tt>: The order array
+      def initialize(control, configuration, mapping={})
+        super
+        @file = File.join(File.dirname(control.file), configuration[:file])
+        @append = configuration[:append] ||= false
+        @separator = configuration[:separator] ||= ','
+        @eol = configuration[:eol] ||= "\n"
+        @enclose = configuration[:enclose]
+        @unique = configuration[:unique]
+        
+        @order = mapping[:order] || order_from_source
+        raise ControlError, "Order required in mapping" unless @order
+      end
+      
+      # Close the destination. This will flush the buffer and close the underlying stream or connection.
+      def close
+        buffer << append_rows if append_rows
+        flush
+        f.close
+      end
+      
+      # Flush the destination buffer
+      def flush
+        #puts "Flushing buffer (#{file}) with #{buffer.length} rows"
+        buffer.flatten.each do |row|
+          #puts "row change type: #{row.change_type}"
+          # check to see if this row's compound key constraint already exists
+          # note that the compound key constraint may not utilize virtual fields
+          next unless row_allowed?(row)
+          
+          # add any virtual fields
+          add_virtuals!(row)
+          
+          # collect all of the values using the order designated in the configuration
+          values = order.collect do |name|
+            value = row[name]
+            case value
+            when Date, Time, DateTime
+              value.to_s(:db)
+            else
+              value.to_s
+            end
+          end
+          
+          values.collect! { |v| v.gsub(/\\/, '\\\\\\\\')}
+          values.collect! { |v| v.gsub(separator, "\\#{separator}")}
+          values.collect! { |v| v.gsub(/\n|\r/, '')}
+          
+          # enclose the value if required
+          if !enclose.nil?
+            values.collect! { |v| enclose + v.gsub(/(#{enclose})/, '\\\\\1') + enclose }
+          end
+          
+          # write the values joined by the separator defined in the configuration
+          f.write(values.join(separator))
+          
+          # write the end-of-line
+          f.write(eol)
+        end
+        f.flush
+        buffer.clear
+        #puts "After flush there are #{buffer.length} rows"
+      end
+      
+      private
+      # Get the open file stream
+      def f
+        @f ||= open(file, mode)
+      end
+      
+      def options
+        @options ||= {
+          :col_sep => separator,
+          :row_sep => eol,
+          :force_quotes => !enclose.nil?
+        }
+      end
+      
+      # Get the appropriate mode to open the file stream
+      def mode
+        append ? 'a' : 'w'
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/etl/control/destination.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+module ETL #:nodoc:
+  module Control #:nodoc:
+    # Base class for destinations.
+    class Destination
+      # Read-only accessor for the ETL::Control::Control instance
+      attr_reader :control
+      
+      # Read-only accessor for the configuration Hash
+      attr_reader :configuration
+      
+      # Read-only accessor for the destination mapping Hash
+      attr_reader :mapping
+      
+      # Accessor to the buffer size
+      attr_accessor :buffer_size
+      
+      # Unique flag.
+      attr_accessor :unique
+      
+      # A condition for writing
+      attr_accessor :condition
+      
+      # An array of rows to append to the destination
+      attr_accessor :append_rows
+      
+      class << self
+        # Get the destination class for the specified name.
+        # 
+        # For example if name is :database or 'database' then the 
+        # DatabaseDestination class is returned
+        def class_for_name(name)
+          ETL::Control.const_get("#{name.to_s.camelize}Destination")
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Initialize the destination
+      #
+      # Arguments:
+      # * <tt>control</tt>: The ETL::Control::Control instance
+      # * <tt>configuration</tt>: The configuration Hash
+      # * <tt>mapping</tt>: The mapping Hash
+      #
+      # Options:
+      # * <tt>:buffer_size</tt>: The output buffer size (default 1000 records)
+      # * <tt>:condition</tt>: A conditional proc that must return true for the 
+      #   row to be written
+      # * <tt>:append_rows</tt>: An array of rows to append
+      def initialize(control, configuration, mapping)
+        @control = control
+        @configuration = configuration
+        @mapping = mapping
+        @buffer_size = configuration[:buffer_size] ||= 100
+        @condition = configuration[:condition]
+        @append_rows = configuration[:append_rows]
+      end
+      
+      # Get the current row number
+      def current_row
+        @current_row ||= 1
+      end
+      
+      # Write the given row
+      def write(row)
+        if @condition.nil? || @condition.call(row)
+          process_change(row)
+        end
+        flush if buffer.length >= buffer_size
+      end
+      
+      # Abstract method
+      def flush
+        raise NotImplementedError, "flush method must be implemented by subclasses"
+      end
+      
+      # Abstract method
+      def close
+        raise NotImplementedError, "close method must be implemented by subclasses"
+      end
+      
+      def errors
+        @errors ||= []
+      end
+      
+      protected
+      # Access the buffer
+      def buffer
+        @buffer ||= []
+      end
+      
+      # Access the generators map
+      def generators
+        @generators ||= {}
+      end
+      
+      # Get the order of elements from the source order
+      def order_from_source
+        order = []
+        control.sources.first.definition.each do |item|
+          case item
+          when Hash
+            order << item[:name]
+          else
+            order << item
+          end
+        end
+        order
+      end
+      
+      # Return true if the row is allowed. The row will not be allowed if the
+      # :unique option is specified in the configuration and the compound key 
+      # already exists
+      def row_allowed?(row)
+        if unique
+          key = (unique.collect { |k| row[k] }).join('|')
+          return false if compound_key_constraints[key]
+          compound_key_constraints[key] = 1
+        end
+        return true
+      end
+      
+      # Get a hash of compound key contraints. This is used to determine if a
+      # row can be written when the unique option is specified
+      def compound_key_constraints
+        @compound_key_constraints ||= {}
+      end
+      
+      # Return fields which are Slowly Changing Dimension fields. 
+      # Uses the scd_fields specified in the configuration.  If that's
+      # missing, uses all of the row's fields.
+      def scd_fields(row)
+        @scd_fields ||= configuration[:scd_fields] || row.keys
+      end
+      
+      def non_scd_fields(row)
+        @non_csd_fields ||= row.keys - natural_key - scd_fields(row) -
+          [primary_key, scd_effective_date_field, scd_end_date_field, scd_latest_version_field]
+      end
+      
+      def non_evolving_fields
+        (Array(configuration[:scd][:non_evolving_fields]) << primary_key).uniq
+      end
+      
+      def scd?
+        !configuration[:scd].nil?
+      end
+      
+      def scd_type
+        scd? ? configuration[:scd][:type] : nil
+      end
+      
+      # Get the Slowly Changing Dimension effective date field. Defaults to
+      # 'effective_date'.
+      def scd_effective_date_field
+        configuration[:scd][:effective_date_field] || :effective_date if scd?
+      end
+      
+      # Get the Slowly Changing Dimension end date field. Defaults to 
+      # 'end_date'.
+      def scd_end_date_field
+        configuration[:scd][:end_date_field] || :end_date if scd?
+      end
+      
+      # Get the Slowly Changing Dimension latest version field. Defaults to
+      # 'latest_version'.
+      def scd_latest_version_field
+        configuration[:scd][:latest_version_field] || :latest_version if scd?
+      end
+      
+      # Return the natural key field names, defaults to []
+      def natural_key
+        @natural_key ||= determine_natural_key
+      end
+      
+      # Get the dimension table if specified
+      def dimension_table
+        @dimension_table ||= if scd?
+          ETL::Engine.table(configuration[:scd][:dimension_table], dimension_target) or raise ConfigurationError, "dimension_table setting required" 
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Get the dimension target if specified
+      def dimension_target
+        @dimension_target ||= if scd?
+          configuration[:scd][:dimension_target] or raise ConfigurationError, "dimension_target setting required"
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Process a row to determine the change type
+      def process_change(row)
+        ETL::Engine.logger.debug "Processing row: #{row.inspect}"
+        return unless row
+        
+        # Change processing can only occur if the natural key exists in the row 
+        ETL::Engine.logger.debug "Checking for natural key existence"
+        unless has_natural_key?(row)
+          buffer << row
+          return
+        end
+        
+        @timestamp = Time.now
+
+        # See if the scd_fields of the current record have changed
+        # from the last time this record was loaded into the data
+        # warehouse. If they match then throw away this row (no need
+        # to process). If they do not match then the record is an
+        # 'update'. If the record doesn't exist then it is an 'insert'
+        ETL::Engine.logger.debug "Checking record for SCD change"
+        if @existing_row = preexisting_row(row)
+          if has_scd_field_changes?(row)
+            process_scd_change(row)
+          else
+            process_scd_match(row)
+          end
+        else
+          schedule_new_record(row)
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Add any virtual fields to the row. Virtual rows will get their value 
+      # from one of the following:
+      # * If the mapping is a Class, then an object which implements the next 
+      #   method
+      # * If the mapping is a Symbol, then the XGenerator where X is the 
+      #   classified symbol
+      # * If the mapping is a Proc, then it will be called with the row
+      # * Otherwise the value itself will be assigned to the field
+      def add_virtuals!(row)
+        if mapping[:virtual]
+          mapping[:virtual].each do |key,value|
+            # If the row already has the virtual set, assume that's correct
+            next if row[key]
+            # Engine.logger.debug "Mapping virtual #{key}/#{value} for row #{row}"
+            case value
+            when Class
+              generator = generators[key] ||= value.new
+              row[key] = generator.next
+            when Symbol
+              generator = generators[key] ||= ETL::Generator::Generator.class_for_name(value).new(options)
+              row[key] = generator.next
+            when Proc
+              row[key] = value.call(row)
+            else
+              if value.is_a?(ETL::Generator::Generator)
+                row[key] = value.next
+              else
+                row[key] = value
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      
+      private
+      
+      # Determine the natural key. This method will always return an array
+      # of symbols. The default value is [].
+      def determine_natural_key
+        Array(configuration[:natural_key]).collect(&:to_sym)
+      end
+      
+      # Check whether a natural key has been defined, and if so, whether
+      # this row has enough information to do searches based on that natural
+      # key.
+      # 
+      # TODO: This should be factored out into
+      # ETL::Row#has_all_fields?(field_array) But that's not possible
+      # until *all* sources cast to ETL::Row, instead of sometimes
+      # using Hash
+      def has_natural_key?(row)
+        natural_key.any? && natural_key.all? { |key| row.has_key?(key) }
+      end
+      
+      # Helper for generating the SQL where clause that allows searching
+      # by a natural key
+      def natural_key_equality_for_row(row)
+        statement = []
+        values = []
+        natural_key.each do |nk|
+          statement << "#{nk} = ?"
+          values << row[nk]
+        end
+        statement = statement.join(" AND ")
+        ActiveRecord::Base.send(:sanitize_sql, [statement, *values])
+      end
+      
+      # Do all the steps required when a SCD *has* changed.  Exact steps
+      # depend on what type of SCD we're handling.
+      def process_scd_change(row)
+        ETL::Engine.logger.debug "SCD fields do not match"
+        
+        if scd_type == 2
+          # SCD Type 2: new row should be added and old row should be updated
+          ETL::Engine.logger.debug "type 2 SCD"
+          
+          # To update the old row, we delete the version in the database
+          # and insert a new expired version
+          
+          # If there is no truncate then the row will exist twice in the database
+          delete_outdated_record
+          
+          ETL::Engine.logger.debug "expiring original record"
+          @existing_row[scd_end_date_field] = @timestamp
+          @existing_row[scd_latest_version_field] = false
+          
+          buffer << @existing_row
+
+        elsif scd_type == 1
+          # SCD Type 1: only the new row should be added
+          ETL::Engine.logger.debug "type 1 SCD"
+
+          # Copy primary key, and other non-evolving fields over from
+          # original version of record
+          non_evolving_fields.each do |non_evolving_field|            
+            row[non_evolving_field] = @existing_row[non_evolving_field]
+          end
+          
+          # If there is no truncate then the row will exist twice in the database
+          delete_outdated_record
+        else
+          # SCD Type 3: not supported
+          ETL::Engine.logger.debug "SCD type #{scd_type} not supported"
+        end
+        
+        # In all cases, the latest, greatest version of the record
+        # should go into the load
+        schedule_new_record(row)
+      end
+      
+      # Do all the steps required when a SCD has *not* changed.  Exact
+      # steps depend on what type of SCD we're handling.
+      def process_scd_match(row)
+        ETL::Engine.logger.debug "SCD fields match"
+        
+        if scd_type == 2 && has_non_scd_field_changes?(row)
+          ETL::Engine.logger.debug "Non-SCD field changes"
+          # Copy important data over from original version of record
+          row[primary_key]              = @existing_row[primary_key]
+          row[scd_end_date_field]       = @existing_row[scd_end_date_field]
+          row[scd_effective_date_field] = @existing_row[scd_effective_date_field]
+          row[scd_latest_version_field] = @existing_row[scd_latest_version_field]
+
+          # If there is no truncate then the row will exist twice in the database
+          delete_outdated_record
+          
+          buffer << row
+        else
+          # The record is totally the same, so skip it
+        end
+      end
+      
+      # Find the version of this row that already exists in the datawarehouse.
+      def preexisting_row(row)
+        q = "SELECT * FROM #{dimension_table} WHERE #{natural_key_equality_for_row(row)}"
+        q << " AND #{scd_latest_version_field}" if scd_type == 2
+        
+        #puts "looking for original record"
+        result = connection.select_one(q)
+        
+        #puts "Result: #{result.inspect}"
+        
+        result ? ETL::Row[result.symbolize_keys!] : nil
+      end
+      
+      # Check whether non-scd fields have changed since the last
+      # load of this record.
+      def has_scd_field_changes?(row)
+        scd_fields(row).any? { |csd_field| row[csd_field].to_s != @existing_row[csd_field].to_s }
+      end
+      
+      # Check whether non-scd fields have changed since the last
+      # load of this record.
+      def has_non_scd_field_changes?(row)
+        non_scd_fields(row).any? { |non_csd_field| row[non_csd_field].to_s != @existing_row[non_csd_field].to_s }
+      end
+      
+      # Grab, or re-use, a database connection for running queries directly
+      # during the destination processing.
+      def connection
+        @conn ||= ETL::Engine.connection(dimension_target)
+      end
+      
+      # Utility for removing a row that has outdated information.  Note
+      # that this deletes directly from the database, even if this is a file
+      # destination.  It needs to do this because you can't do deletes in a 
+      # bulk load.
+      def delete_outdated_record
+        ETL::Engine.logger.debug "deleting old row"
+        
+        q = "DELETE FROM #{dimension_table} WHERE #{primary_key} = #{@existing_row[primary_key]}"
+        connection.delete(q)
+      end
+      
+      # Schedule the latest, greatest version of the row for insertion
+      # into the database
+      def schedule_new_record(row)
+        ETL::Engine.logger.debug "writing new record"
+        if scd_type == 2
+          row[scd_effective_date_field] = @timestamp
+          row[scd_end_date_field] = '9999-12-31 00:00:00'
+          row[scd_latest_version_field] = true
+        end
+        buffer << row
+      end
+      
+      # Get the name of the primary key for this table.  Asks the dimension
+      # model class for this information, but if that class hasn't been 
+      # defined, just defaults to :id.
+      def primary_key
+        return @primary_key if @primary_key
+        @primary_key = dimension_table.to_s.camelize.constantize.primary_key.to_sym
+      rescue NameError => e
+        ETL::Engine.logger.debug "couldn't get primary_key from dimension model class, using default :id"
+        @primary_key = :id
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+Dir[File.dirname(__FILE__) + "/destination/*.rb"].each { |file| require(file) }