j1-template 2022.4.10 → 2022.5.0.rc0
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- checksums.yaml +4 -4
- data/_includes/themes/j1/modules/navigator/procedures/topsearch.proc +6 -6
- data/assets/data/fab.html +1 -1
- data/assets/data/panel.html +1 -1
- data/assets/themes/j1/adapter/js/attic.js +18 -3
- data/assets/themes/j1/adapter/js/navigator.js +19 -85
- data/assets/themes/j1/adapter/js/themer.js +5 -0
- data/assets/themes/j1/core/css/themes/unodark/bootstrap.css +23 -26
- data/assets/themes/j1/core/css/themes/unodark/bootstrap.min.css +1 -1
- data/assets/themes/j1/core/css/themes/unolight/bootstrap.css +7 -7
- data/assets/themes/j1/core/css/themes/unolight/bootstrap.min.css +2 -2
- data/assets/themes/j1/core/css/vendor.css +5 -1
- data/assets/themes/j1/core/css/vendor.min.css +1 -1
- data/assets/themes/j1/modules/backstretch/js/backstretch.js +3 -1
- data/assets/themes/j1/modules/backstretch/js/backstretch.min.js +1 -1
- data/lib/j1/commands/generate.rb +12 -1
- data/lib/j1/patches/rubygems/eventmachine-1.2.7-x64-mingw32/lib/3.0/fastfilereaderext.so +0 -0
- data/lib/j1/patches/rubygems/eventmachine-1.2.7-x64-mingw32/lib/3.0/rubyeventmachine.so +0 -0
- data/lib/j1/patches/rubygems/eventmachine-1.2.7-x64-mingw32/lib/3.1/fastfilereaderext.so +0 -0
- data/lib/j1/patches/rubygems/eventmachine-1.2.7-x64-mingw32/lib/3.1/rubyeventmachine.so +0 -0
- data/lib/j1/version.rb +1 -1
- data/lib/starter_web/Gemfile +270 -223
- data/lib/starter_web/_config.yml +6 -9
- data/lib/starter_web/_data/modules/attics.yml +13 -4
- data/lib/starter_web/_data/modules/defaults/attics.yml +1 -1
- data/lib/starter_web/_data/modules/defaults/navigator.yml +3 -3
- data/lib/starter_web/_data/modules/defaults/themer.yml +1 -1
- data/lib/starter_web/_data/modules/navigator.yml +3 -3
- data/lib/starter_web/_data/modules/navigator_menu.yml +238 -157
- data/lib/starter_web/_includes/_attributes.asciidoc +575 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/_includes/attributes.asciidoc +41 -40
- data/lib/starter_web/_plugins/lunr_index.rb +1 -1
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/asciidoc/logo-512x512.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/bokeh/bokeh-32x32.ico +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/bokeh/bokeh.ico +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/bokeh/logo-160x160.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/bootstrap/bootstrap-solid-32x32.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/bootstrap/bs-docs-masthead-pattern.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/bootstrap/scalable/bootstrap-outline.svg +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/bootstrap/scalable/bootstrap-punchout.svg +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/bootstrap/scalable/bootstrap-solid.svg +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/angular.ui.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/angularjs.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/aws.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/bootstrap.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/c9.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/chai.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/emmet.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/express.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/git.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/github.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/gulp.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/heroku.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/htmlcss-1.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/htmlcss-2.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/jasmine.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/javascript.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/jquery.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/kanban.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/leanux.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/linkedin.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/mean.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/mongodb.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/node.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/postgresql.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/protractor.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/rails.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/ruby.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/sass.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/scrum.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/components/twitter.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/github/avatar-icon.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/icons/hyvor-talk/hyvor-logo.24x24.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/icons/hyvor-talk/hyvor-logo.512x512.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/icons/hyvor-talk/hyvore-talk.ico +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/icons/hyvor-talk/scalable/hyvor-logo.svg +81 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/j1/favicon.ico +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/j1/j1-256x256.gif +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/j1/j1-256x256.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/j1/j1-32x32.ico +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/j1/j1-512x512.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/j1/j1-64x64.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/j1/j1.ico +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/j1/scalable/j1.svg +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/jupyter/jupyter-32x32.ico +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/jupyter/jupyter.ico +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/jupyter/logo.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/os/centos/centos-icon.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/os/centos/centos.ico +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/os/suse/suse.gif +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/os/suse/suse.ico +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/os/suse/suse.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/os/ubuntu/cof_black_hex.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/os/ubuntu/cof_orange_hex.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/os/ubuntu/cof_white-black_hex.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/os/ubuntu/cof_white-orange_hex.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/os/ubuntu/ubuntu.ico +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/os/windows/windows.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/os/windows/windows_flags_color.ico +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/os/windows/windows_hdd.ico +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/os/windows/windows_store.ico +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/amazon.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/behance.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/blogger.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/deviantart.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/dribbble.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/dropbox.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/evernote.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/facebook.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/forrst.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/github.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/googleplus.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/instagram.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/jolicloud.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/last-fm.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/linkedin.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/picasa.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/pintrest.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/rss.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/skype.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/spotify.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/stumbleupon.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/tumblr.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/twitter.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/vimeo.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/vk.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/wordpress.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/xing.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/yahoo.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/{modules/icons → icons}/social/youtube.png +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/modules/attics/1920x1280/alexander-redl.jpg +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/modules/attics/1920x1280/harpal-singh.jpg +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/modules/attics/1920x1280/john-schnobrich-2.jpg +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/modules/attics/alexander-redl.jpg +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/assets/images/modules/attics/harpal-singh.jpg +0 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/collections/posts/public/featured/_posts/2021-01-01-about-cookies.adoc +2 -2
- data/lib/starter_web/collections/posts/public/featured/_posts/2021-02-01-site-generators.adoc +3 -2
- data/lib/starter_web/collections/posts/public/featured/_posts/{2022-02-28-about-j1.adoc → 2022-02-01-about-j1.adoc} +2 -3
- data/lib/starter_web/collections/posts/public/featured/_posts/_includes/attributes.asciidoc +2 -2
- data/lib/starter_web/index.html +6 -2
- data/lib/starter_web/package.json +2 -2
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/features/general.adoc +0 -1
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/features/template.adoc +4 -5
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/jupyter/examples/distributed/j1-common-used-widgets.adoc +1 -1
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/jupyter/notebooks/textbooks/j1_circular_times_table.html +747 -747
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/jupyter/notebooks/textbooks/j1_climate_change_forecast.html +1250 -1250
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/jupyter/notebooks/textbooks/j1_docs_example_dynamic.html +186 -186
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/jupyter/notebooks/textbooks/j1_interactive_widgets.html +512 -512
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/jupyter/notebooks/textbooks/j1_nbi_widgets.html +629 -629
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/jupyter/notebooks/textbooks/j1_nbi_widgets_bar_chart.html +95 -95
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/jupyter/notebooks/textbooks/j1_nbi_widgets_hist_chart.html +93 -93
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/jupyter/notebooks/textbooks/j1_nbi_widgets_line_chart.html +96 -96
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/jupyter/notebooks/textbooks/j1_nbi_widgets_question_multiple_choice.html +70 -70
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/jupyter/notebooks/textbooks/j1_nbi_widgets_question_short_answer.html +156 -156
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/jupyter/notebooks/textbooks/j1_nbi_widgets_scatter_chart.html +95 -95
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/jupyter/notebooks/textbooks/j1_nbi_widgets_scatter_drag_chart.html +93 -93
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/jupyter/notebooks/textbooks/j1_odes_in_python.html +955 -955
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/100_present_images.adoc +313 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/100_present_videos.adoc +281 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/200_typography.adoc +253 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/300_icon_fonts.adoc +579 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/400_asciidoc_extensions.adoc +719 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/410_bs_modals_extentions.adoc +91 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/420_responsive_tables_extensions.adoc +420 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/500_themes.adoc +250 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/600_quicksearch.adoc +425 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/attributes.asciidoc +118 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/documents/100_gistblock.asciidoc +28 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/documents/410_bottom_info.asciidoc +14 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/documents/410_bottom_left_warning.asciidoc +11 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/documents/410_bottom_right_danger.asciidoc +11 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/documents/410_central_success.asciidoc +11 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/documents/410_full_height_left_info.asciidoc +11 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/documents/410_full_height_right_success.asciidoc +11 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/documents/410_table_bs_modal_examples.asciidoc +47 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/documents/410_top_info.asciidoc +11 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/documents/410_top_left_info.asciidoc +11 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/documents/410_top_right_success.asciidoc +11 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/documents/419_advanced_modals_demo.asciidoc +337 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/documents/tables/bs_modal_examples.asciidoc +47 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/_roundtrip/_includes/google-ad.js +130 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/roundtrip/100_present_images.adoc +1 -1
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/roundtrip/300_icon_fonts.adoc +2 -1
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/roundtrip/400_asciidoc_extensions.adoc +0 -28
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/roundtrip/500_themes.adoc +1 -1
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/learn/roundtrip/_includes/attributes.asciidoc +6 -6
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/panels/intro_panel/_includes/attributes.asciidoc +5 -5
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/previewer/preview_bootstrap_theme.adoc +3 -3
- data/lib/starter_web/pages/public/se/se-fake.adoc +44 -0
- data/lib/starter_web/utilsrv/_defaults/package.json +1 -1
- data/lib/starter_web/utilsrv/package.json +1 -1
- metadata +179 -149
- data/assets/data/twa_v1.json +0 -7039
- data/lib/starter_web/collections/posts/public/featured/_posts/2021-01-01-about-cookies.ads.asciidoc +0 -196
- data/lib/starter_web/collections/posts/public/featured/_posts/2021-01-01-about-cookies.comments.asciidoc +0 -182
data/lib/starter_web/collections/posts/public/featured/_posts/2021-01-01-about-cookies.ads.asciidoc
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---
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title: Cookies
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tagline: good to know
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categories: [ Knowledge ]
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tags: [ Cookies ]
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slides:
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alt: Photo by Miroslava on Unsplash
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# caption:
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# text: Photo by Miroslava on Unsplash
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badge:
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type: unsplash
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author: Miroslava
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---
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// Page Initializer
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:page-liquid:
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Is it needed for visitors to know what cookies are about? No doubts, you're
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requested to inform - in Europe for legal reasons. All users visiting websites
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are bothered all the time to accept cookies. For good reasons.
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excerpt__end
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// Load Liquid procedures
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{% capture load_attributes %}themes/{{site.template.name}}/procedures/global/attributes_loader.proc{%endcapture%}
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// Load page attributes
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<ins class="adsbygoogle"
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style="display:block"
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data-ad-client="ca-pub-xxxx..xxx"
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// Include sub-documents (if any)
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== What are cookies technically
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In short: a cookie is a small piece of data that a website asks your
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browser to store on your computer or mobile device. The cookie allows the
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website to "remember" your actions or preferences over time. All modern
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browsers support cookies, but users can set their browsers to decline them
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Identify users
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Remember users' custom preferences
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Track behavioral::
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The webserver supplying the webpage can store a cookie on the user's
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All these cookies are called HTTP header cookies. Another way of storing
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Each time the user requests a new page, the webserver can receive the
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values of the cookies it previously set and return the page with content
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relating to these values. Similarly, JavaScript code can read a
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.How are they used
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[NOTE]
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====
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The web server supplying the webpage can store a cookie on the user's
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computer or mobile device. An external web server that manages files
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values of the cookies it previously set and return the page with content
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relating to these values. Similarly, JavaScript code can read a
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====
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== Types of cookies
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HTTP cookies are essential to the modern Internet but potentially a
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more. But they can also be a treasure trove of private info for criminals
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to spy on.
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They *can't infect* computers with viruses or other malware. However, some
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cyberattacks can hijack cookies and enable access to your browsing sessions.
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The danger lies in their ability to track individuals' browsing histories.
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Cookies generally can be classified by its *lifespan* and the *domain* to
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which it belongs.
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=== By Lifespan
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Session cookie::
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and all open window tabs.
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=== By Domain
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Cookies classified by the *domain* to which it belongs, are either of:
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First-party cookie::
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and share the *same domain* you're visiting. These are generally safer, as
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long as users are browsing reputable websites or ones that have not been
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compromised.
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Third-party cookies::
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Third-party cookies let advertisers or analytics companies track the user's
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browsing history across the web on *any* sites that contain their ads.
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== Security aspects on using cookies
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Without cookies, the web would not work as it does today. However, since the
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mid 90ies when cookies were invented, the web changed quite a lot, and so did
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the attack methods on web applications; as mentioned, the Internet is not a
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friendly place.
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A well-known attack method is known as Cross-Site Request Forgery or short
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*CSRF*. CSRF is an attack, a criminal act, that forces an end user to execute
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unwanted actions. A cookie may play a *role* in such scenarios, but they are
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not generally *unsafe* if you want, you can read more about that on the
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CRSF Page on {url-owasp-attacks--csrf}[OWASP, {browser-window--new}].
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== How to control cookies
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Users can take control, used or *not* used, or delete cookies. For more
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details, see {url-about-cookies--home}[AboutCookies]. You can delete
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all cookies that are already on your computer, and you can set most
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browsers to prevent them from being placed.
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If you do this, however, you may have to manually adjust some preferences
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every time you visit a site, and some services and functionalities may not
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work.
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@@ -1,182 +0,0 @@
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---
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title: Cookies
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tagline: good to know
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categories: [ Knowledge ]
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tags: [ Cookies ]
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image: /assets/images/modules/attics/cookies-1920x1200.jpg
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regenerate: false
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resources: [ animate, comments ]
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resource_options:
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padding_top: 400
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padding_bottom: 50
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opacity: 0.5
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slides:
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- url: /assets/images/modules/attics/cookies-1920x1200.jpg
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alt: Photo by Miroslava on Unsplash
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# caption:
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# text: Photo by Miroslava on Unsplash
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# href: https://unsplash.com/@miroslava
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badge:
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type: unsplash
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author: Miroslava
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href: https://unsplash.com/@miroslava
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---
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// Page Initializer
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// =============================================================================
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// Enable the Liquid Preprocessor
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:page-liquid:
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// :page--attr: <attr-value>
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// Additional Asciidoc page attributes goes here
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// Place an excerpt at the most top position
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[role="dropcap"]
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Is it needed for visitors to know what cookies are about? No doubts, you're
|
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requested to inform - in Europe for legal reasons. All users visiting websites
|
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are bothered all the time to accept cookies. For good reasons.
|
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excerpt__end
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// Load Liquid procedures
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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{% capture load_attributes %}themes/{{site.template.name}}/procedures/global/attributes_loader.proc{%endcapture%}
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// Load page attributes
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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{% include {{load_attributes}} scope="global" %}
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// Page content
|
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// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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// Include sub-documents (if any)
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
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|
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|
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== What are cookies technically
|
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|
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|
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|
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In short: a cookie is a small piece of data that a website asks your
|
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browser to store on your computer or mobile device. The cookie allows the
|
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|
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website to "remember" your actions or preferences over time. All modern
|
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|
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browsers support cookies, but users can set their browsers to decline them
|
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|
-
and can delete them whenever they like. Good to know.
|
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|
-
|
75
|
-
Websites mainly use cookies for:
|
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|
-
|
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|
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Identification::
|
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|
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Identify users
|
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|
-
|
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|
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General information storage::
|
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|
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Remember users' custom preferences
|
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|
-
|
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|
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Support::
|
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|
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Help users complete tasks without re-entering information when browsing from
|
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|
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one page to another or when visiting the site later.
|
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|
-
|
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|
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Track behavioral::
|
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|
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Cookies can also be used for online behavioral target advertising and to
|
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|
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show adverts relevant to something that the user searched for in the past.
|
90
|
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The webserver supplying the webpage can store a cookie on the user's
|
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|
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computer or mobile device.
|
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|
-
|
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|
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All these cookies are called HTTP header cookies. Another way of storing
|
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|
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cookies is through JavaScript code contained or referenced on that page.
|
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|
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Each time the user requests a new page, the webserver can receive the
|
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|
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values of the cookies it previously set and return the page with content
|
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|
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relating to these values. Similarly, JavaScript code can read a
|
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cookie belonging to its domain and act accordingly.
|
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|
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.How are they used
|
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[NOTE]
|
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====
|
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|
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The web server supplying the webpage can store a cookie on the user's
|
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|
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computer or mobile device. An external web server that manages files
|
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|
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included or referenced in the web page can store cookies. All these
|
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cookies are called HTTP header cookies. Another way of storing cookies
|
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|
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is through JavaScript code contained or referenced on that page.
|
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|
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Each time the user requests a new page, the web server can receive the
|
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values of the cookies it previously set and return the page with content
|
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|
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relating to these values. Similarly, JavaScript code can read a
|
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|
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cookie belonging to its domain and act accordingly.
|
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|
-
====
|
114
|
-
|
115
|
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== Types of cookies
|
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|
-
|
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|
-
HTTP cookies are essential to the modern Internet but potentially a
|
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|
-
vulnerability to your privacy. As a necessary part of web browsing, cookies
|
119
|
-
help web developers give you more personal, convenient website visits.
|
120
|
-
Cookies let websites remember you, your website logins, shopping carts, and
|
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|
-
more. But they can also be a treasure trove of private info for criminals
|
122
|
-
to spy on.
|
123
|
-
|
124
|
-
Since the data in cookies doesn't change, cookies themselves aren't harmful.
|
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|
-
They *can't infect* computers with viruses or other malware. However, some
|
126
|
-
cyberattacks can hijack cookies and enable access to your browsing sessions.
|
127
|
-
The danger lies in their ability to track individuals' browsing histories.
|
128
|
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Cookies generally can be classified by its *lifespan* and the *domain* to
|
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|
-
which it belongs.
|
130
|
-
|
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|
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=== By Lifespan
|
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|
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|
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|
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Cookies classified by *lifespan* are either a:
|
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|
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|
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|
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Session cookie::
|
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|
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Session cookies gets automatically deleted when the user closes the web browser
|
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|
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and all open window tabs.
|
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|
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|
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|
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Persistent cookie::
|
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A persistent cookie *remains* on the user's computer/device for a pre-defined
|
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|
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period of time.
|
142
|
-
|
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|
-
=== By Domain
|
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|
-
|
145
|
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Cookies classified by the *domain* to which it belongs, are either of:
|
146
|
-
|
147
|
-
First-party cookie::
|
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|
-
First-party cookie cookies are set by the webserver of the visited page
|
149
|
-
and share the *same domain* you're visiting. These are generally safer, as
|
150
|
-
long as users are browsing reputable websites or ones that have not been
|
151
|
-
compromised.
|
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|
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|
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|
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Third-party cookies::
|
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|
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Third-party cookies are stored by a *different* domain to the visited page.
|
155
|
-
This can happen when the webpage references a file located outside its domain.
|
156
|
-
Third-party cookies let advertisers or analytics companies track the user's
|
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|
-
browsing history across the web on *any* sites that contain their ads.
|
158
|
-
|
159
|
-
|
160
|
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== Security aspects on using cookies
|
161
|
-
|
162
|
-
Without cookies, the web would not work as it does today. However, since the
|
163
|
-
mid 90ies when cookies were invented, the web changed quite a lot, and so did
|
164
|
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the attack methods on web applications; as mentioned, the Internet is not a
|
165
|
-
friendly place.
|
166
|
-
|
167
|
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A well-known attack method is known as Cross-Site Request Forgery or short
|
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|
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*CSRF*. CSRF is an attack, a criminal act, that forces an end user to execute
|
169
|
-
unwanted actions. A cookie may play a *role* in such scenarios, but they are
|
170
|
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not generally *unsafe* if you want, you can read more about that on the
|
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|
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CRSF Page on {url-owasp-attacks--csrf}[OWASP, {browser-window--new}].
|
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|
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|
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|
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== How to control cookies
|
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|
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|
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|
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Users can take control, used or *not* used, or delete cookies. For more
|
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|
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details, see {url-about-cookies--home}[AboutCookies]. You can delete
|
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|
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all cookies that are already on your computer, and you can set most
|
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|
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browsers to prevent them from being placed.
|
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|
-
|
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|
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If you do this, however, you may have to manually adjust some preferences
|
181
|
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every time you visit a site, and some services and functionalities may not
|
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|
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work.
|