ipaddress 0.5.0
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- data/.document +5 -0
- data/.gitignore +7 -0
- data/LICENSE +20 -0
- data/README.rdoc +866 -0
- data/Rakefile +91 -0
- data/VERSION +1 -0
- data/lib/ipaddress.rb +52 -0
- data/lib/ipaddress/extensions/extensions.rb +16 -0
- data/lib/ipaddress/ipbase.rb +83 -0
- data/lib/ipaddress/ipv4.rb +849 -0
- data/lib/ipaddress/ipv6.rb +683 -0
- data/lib/ipaddress/prefix.rb +200 -0
- data/test/ipaddress/extensions/extensions_test.rb +18 -0
- data/test/ipaddress/ipbase_test.rb +28 -0
- data/test/ipaddress/ipv4_test.rb +392 -0
- data/test/ipaddress/ipv6_test.rb +290 -0
- data/test/ipaddress/prefix_test.rb +139 -0
- data/test/ipaddress_test.rb +38 -0
- data/test/test_helper.rb +33 -0
- metadata +92 -0
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require 'ipaddress/ipbase'
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require 'ipaddress/prefix'
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module IPAddress;
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#
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# =Name
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#
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# IPAddress::IPv6 - IP version 6 address manipulation library
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#
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# =Synopsis
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#
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# require 'ipaddress'
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#
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# =Description
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#
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# Class IPAddress::IPv6 is used to handle IPv6 type addresses.
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#
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# == IPv6 addresses
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#
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# IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long, in contrast with IPv4 addresses
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# which are only 32 bits long. An IPv6 address is generally written as
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# eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, each group representing 16
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# bits or two octect. For example, the following is a valid IPv6
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# address:
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#
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# 1080:0000:0000:0000:0008:0800:200c:417a
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#
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# Letters in an IPv6 address are usually written downcase, as per
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# RFC. You can create a new IPv6 object using uppercase letters, but
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# they will be converted.
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#
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# === Compression
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#
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# Since IPv6 addresses are very long to write, there are some
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# semplifications and compressions that you can use to shorten them.
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#
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# * Leading zeroes: all the leading zeroes within a group can be
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# omitted: "0008" would become "8"
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#
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# * A string of consecutive zeroes can be replaced by the string
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# "::". This can be only applied once.
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#
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# Using compression, the IPv6 address written above can be shorten into
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# the following, equivalent, address
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#
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# 1080::8:800:200c:417a
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#
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# This short version is often used in human representation.
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#
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# === Network Mask
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#
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# As we used to do with IPv4 addresses, an IPv6 address can be written
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# using the prefix notation to specify the subnet mask:
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#
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# 1080::8:800:200c:417a/64
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#
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# The /64 part means that the first 64 bits of the address are
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# representing the network portion, and the last 64 bits are the host
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# portion.
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#
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#
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class IPv6 < IPBase
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include IPAddress
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include Enumerable
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include Comparable
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#
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# Format string to pretty print IPv6 addresses
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#
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IN6FORMAT = ("%.4x:"*8).chop
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#
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# Creates a new IPv6 address object.
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#
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# An IPv6 address can be expressed in any of the following forms:
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#
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# * "1080:0000:0000:0000:0008:0800:200C:417A": IPv6 address with no compression
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# * "1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A": IPv6 address with leading zeros compression
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# * "1080::8:800:200C:417A": IPv6 address with full compression
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#
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# In all these 3 cases, a new IPv6 address object will be created, using the default
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# subnet mask /128
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#
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# You can also specify the subnet mask as with IPv4 addresses:
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#
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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#
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def initialize(str)
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ip, netmask = str.split("/")
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if IPAddress.valid_ipv6?(ip)
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@groups = self.class.groups(ip)
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@address = IN6FORMAT % @groups
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@compressed = compress_address
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else
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raise ArgumentError, "Invalid IP #{ip.inspect}"
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end
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@prefix = Prefix128.new(netmask ? netmask : 128)
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end # def initialize
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#
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# Returns the IPv6 address in uncompressed form:
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#
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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#
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# ip6.address
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# #=> "2001:0db8:0000:0000:0008:0800:200c:417a"
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#
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def address
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@address
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end
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#
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# Returns an array with the 16 bits groups in decimal
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# format:
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#
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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#
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# ip6.groups
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# #=> [8193, 3512, 0, 0, 8, 2048, 8204, 16762]
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#
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def groups
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@groups
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end
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#
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# Returns an instance of the prefix object
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#
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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#
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# ip6.prefix
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# #=> 64
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#
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def prefix
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@prefix
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end
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#
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# Set a new prefix number for the object
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#
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# This is useful if you want to change the prefix
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# to an object created with IPv6::parse_u128 or
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# if the object was created using the default prefix
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# of 128 bits.
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#
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# ip = IPAddress("2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a")
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# puts ip
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# #=> 2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/128
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#
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# ip.prefix = 64
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# puts ip
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# #=> 2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64
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#
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def prefix=(num)
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@prefix = Prefix128.new(num)
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end
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#
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# Unlike its counterpart IPv6#to_s method, IPv6#to_string
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# returns the whole IPv6 address and prefix in an uncompressed form
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#
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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#
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# ip6.to_string
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# #=> "2001:0db8:0000:0000:0008:0800:200c:417a/64"
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#
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def to_string
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"#@address/#@prefix"
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end
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#
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# Returns the IPv6 address in a human readable form,
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# using the compressed address.
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#
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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#
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# ip6.to_string
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# #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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#
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def to_s
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"#{compressed}/#@prefix"
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end
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#
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# Returns a decimal format (unsigned 128 bit) of the
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# IPv6 address
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#
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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#
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# ip6.to_i
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# #=> 42540766411282592856906245548098208122
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#
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def to_i
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to_hex.hex
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end
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alias_method :to_u128, :to_i
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#
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# True if the IPv6 address is a network
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#
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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# ip6.network?
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# #=> false
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#
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8:8:800::/64"
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# ip6.network?
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# #=> true
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#
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def network?
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to_u128 | @prefix.to_u128 == @prefix.to_u128
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end
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#
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# Returns the 16-bits value specified by index
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#
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# ip = IPAddress("2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64")
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# ip[0]
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# #=> 8193
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# ip[1]
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# #=> 3512
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# ip[2]
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# #=> 0
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# ip[3]
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# #=> 0
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#
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def [](index)
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@groups[index]
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end
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alias_method :group, :[]
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#
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# Returns a Base16 number representing the IPv6
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# address
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#
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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#
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# ip6.to_hex
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# #=> "20010db80000000000080800200c417a"
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#
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def to_hex
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hexs.join("")
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end
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# Returns the address portion of an IPv6 object
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# in a network byte order format.
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#
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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# ip6.data
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# #=> " \001\r\270\000\000\000\000\000\b\b\000 \fAz"
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#
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# It is usually used to include an IP address
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# in a data packet to be sent over a socket
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#
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# a = Socket.open(params) # socket details here
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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# binary_data = ["Address: "].pack("a*") + ip.data
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#
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# # Send binary data
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# a.puts binary_data
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#
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def data
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@groups.pack("n8")
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end
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#
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# Returns an array of the 16 bits groups in hexdecimal
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# format:
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#
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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#
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# ip6.hexs
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# #=> ["2001", "0db8", "0000", "0000", "0008", "0800", "200c", "417a"]
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#
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# Not to be confused with the similar IPv6#to_hex method.
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#
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def hexs
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@address.split(":")
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end
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#
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# Compressed form of the IPv6 address
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#
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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#
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# ip6.compressed
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# #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a"
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#
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def compressed
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@compressed
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end
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#
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# Returns true if the address is an unspecified address
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#
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# See IPAddress::IPv6::Unspecified for more information
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#
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def unspecified?
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@prefix == 128 and @compressed == "::"
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end
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#
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# Returns true if the address is a loopback address
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#
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# See IPAddress::IPv6::Loopback for more information
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#
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def loopback?
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@prefix == 128 and @compressed == "::1"
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end
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#
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# Returns true if the address is a mapped address
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#
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# See IPAddress::IPv6::Mapped for more information
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#
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def mapped?
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false
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end
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#
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# Returns the address portion of an IP in binary format,
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# as a string containing a sequence of 0 and 1
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#
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# ip = IPAddress("2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a")
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#
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# ip.bits
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# #=> "01111111000000000000000000000001"
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#
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def bits
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data.unpack("B*").first
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end
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#
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# Expands an IPv6 address in the canocical form
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#
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# IPAddress::IPv6.expand "2001:0DB8:0:CD30::"
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# #=> "2001:0DB8:0000:CD30:0000:0000:0000:0000"
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#
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def self.expand(str)
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self.new(str).address
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end
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#
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# Compress an IPv6 address in its compressed form
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#
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# IPAddress::IPv6.compress "2001:0DB8:0000:CD30:0000:0000:0000:0000"
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# #=> "2001:db8:0:cd30::"
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#
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def self.compress(str)
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self.new(str).compressed
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end
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#
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# Literal version of the IPv6 address
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#
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# ip6 = IPAddress "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
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#
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# ip6.literal
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# #=> "2001-0db8-0000-0000-0008-0800-200c-417a.ipv6-literal.net"
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#
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def literal
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@address.gsub(":","-") + ".ipv6-literal.net"
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end
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#
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# Extract 16 bits groups from a string
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#
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def self.groups(str)
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l, r = if str =~ /^(.*)::(.*)$/
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[$1,$2].map {|i| i.split ":"}
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else
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[str.split(":"),[]]
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end
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(l + Array.new(8-l.size-r.size, '0') + r).map {|i| i.hex}
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end
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#
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+
# Creates a new IPv6 object from binary data,
|
383
|
+
# like the one you get from a network stream.
|
384
|
+
#
|
385
|
+
# For example, on a network stream the IP
|
386
|
+
#
|
387
|
+
# "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a"
|
388
|
+
#
|
389
|
+
# is represented with the binary data
|
390
|
+
#
|
391
|
+
# " \001\r\270\000\000\000\000\000\b\b\000 \fAz"
|
392
|
+
#
|
393
|
+
# With that data you can create a new IPv6 object:
|
394
|
+
#
|
395
|
+
# ip6 = IPAddress::IPv4::parse_data " \001\r\270\000\000\000\000\000\b\b\000 \fAz"
|
396
|
+
# ip6.prefix = 64
|
397
|
+
#
|
398
|
+
# ip6.to_s
|
399
|
+
# #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
|
400
|
+
#
|
401
|
+
def self.parse_data(str)
|
402
|
+
self.new(IN6FORMAT % str.unpack("n8"))
|
403
|
+
end
|
404
|
+
|
405
|
+
#
|
406
|
+
# Creates a new IPv6 object from an
|
407
|
+
# unsigned 128 bits integer.
|
408
|
+
#
|
409
|
+
# ip6 = IPAddress::IPv6::parse_u128(21932261930451111902915077091070067066)
|
410
|
+
# ip6.prefix = 64
|
411
|
+
#
|
412
|
+
# ip6.to_s
|
413
|
+
# #=> "1080::8:800:200c:417a/64"
|
414
|
+
#
|
415
|
+
# The +prefix+ parameter is optional:
|
416
|
+
#
|
417
|
+
# ip6 = IPAddress::IPv6::parse_u128(21932261930451111902915077091070067066, 64)
|
418
|
+
#
|
419
|
+
# ip6.to_s
|
420
|
+
# #=> "1080::8:800:200c:417a/64"
|
421
|
+
#
|
422
|
+
def self.parse_u128(u128, prefix=128)
|
423
|
+
str = IN6FORMAT % (0..7).map{|i| (u128>>(112-16*i))&0xffff}
|
424
|
+
self.new(str + "/#{prefix}")
|
425
|
+
end
|
426
|
+
|
427
|
+
#
|
428
|
+
# Creates a new IPv6 object from a number expressed in
|
429
|
+
# hexdecimal format:
|
430
|
+
#
|
431
|
+
# ip6 = IPAddress::IPv6::parse_hex("20010db80000000000080800200c417a")
|
432
|
+
# ip6.prefix = 64
|
433
|
+
#
|
434
|
+
# ip6.to_s
|
435
|
+
# #=> "2001:db8::8:800:200c:417a/64"
|
436
|
+
#
|
437
|
+
# The +prefix+ parameter is optional:
|
438
|
+
#
|
439
|
+
# ip6 = IPAddress::IPv6::parse_hex("20010db80000000000080800200c417a", 64)
|
440
|
+
#
|
441
|
+
# ip6.to_s
|
442
|
+
# #=> "1080::8:800:200c:417a/64"
|
443
|
+
#
|
444
|
+
def self.parse_hex(hex, prefix=128)
|
445
|
+
self.parse_u128(hex.hex, prefix)
|
446
|
+
end
|
447
|
+
|
448
|
+
private
|
449
|
+
|
450
|
+
def compress_address
|
451
|
+
str = @groups.map{|i| i.to_s 16}.join ":"
|
452
|
+
loop do
|
453
|
+
break if str.sub!(/\A0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0\Z/, '::')
|
454
|
+
break if str.sub!(/\b0:0:0:0:0:0:0\b/, ':')
|
455
|
+
break if str.sub!(/\b0:0:0:0:0:0\b/, ':')
|
456
|
+
break if str.sub!(/\b0:0:0:0:0\b/, ':')
|
457
|
+
break if str.sub!(/\b0:0:0:0\b/, ':')
|
458
|
+
break if str.sub!(/\b0:0:0\b/, ':')
|
459
|
+
break if str.sub!(/\b0:0\b/, ':')
|
460
|
+
break
|
461
|
+
end
|
462
|
+
str.sub(/:{3,}/, '::')
|
463
|
+
end
|
464
|
+
|
465
|
+
end # class IPv6
|
466
|
+
|
467
|
+
#
|
468
|
+
# The address with all zero bits is called the +unspecified+ address
|
469
|
+
# (corresponding to 0.0.0.0 in IPv4). It should be something like this:
|
470
|
+
#
|
471
|
+
# 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
|
472
|
+
#
|
473
|
+
# but, with the use of compression, it is usually written as just two
|
474
|
+
# colons:
|
475
|
+
#
|
476
|
+
# ::
|
477
|
+
#
|
478
|
+
# or, specifying the netmask:
|
479
|
+
#
|
480
|
+
# ::/128
|
481
|
+
#
|
482
|
+
# With IPAddress, create a new unspecified IPv6 address using its own
|
483
|
+
# subclass:
|
484
|
+
#
|
485
|
+
# ip = IPAddress::IPv6::Unspecified.new
|
486
|
+
#
|
487
|
+
# ip.to_s
|
488
|
+
# #=> => "::/128"
|
489
|
+
#
|
490
|
+
# You can easily check if an IPv6 object is an unspecified address by
|
491
|
+
# using the IPv6#unspecified? method
|
492
|
+
#
|
493
|
+
# ip.unspecified?
|
494
|
+
# #=> true
|
495
|
+
#
|
496
|
+
# An unspecified IPv6 address can also be created with the wrapper
|
497
|
+
# method, like we've seen before
|
498
|
+
#
|
499
|
+
# ip = IPAddress "::"
|
500
|
+
#
|
501
|
+
# ip.unspecified?
|
502
|
+
# #=> true
|
503
|
+
#
|
504
|
+
# This address must never be assigned to an interface and is to be used
|
505
|
+
# only in software before the application has learned its host's source
|
506
|
+
# address appropriate for a pending connection. Routers must not forward
|
507
|
+
# packets with the unspecified address.
|
508
|
+
#
|
509
|
+
class IPAddress::IPv6::Unspecified < IPAddress::IPv6
|
510
|
+
#
|
511
|
+
# Creates a new IPv6 unspecified address
|
512
|
+
#
|
513
|
+
# ip = IPAddress::IPv6::Unspecified.new
|
514
|
+
#
|
515
|
+
# ip.to_s
|
516
|
+
# #=> => "::/128"
|
517
|
+
#
|
518
|
+
def initialize
|
519
|
+
@address = ("0000:"*8).chop
|
520
|
+
@groups = Array.new(8,0)
|
521
|
+
@prefix = Prefix128.new(128)
|
522
|
+
@compressed = compress_address
|
523
|
+
end
|
524
|
+
end # class IPv6::Unspecified
|
525
|
+
|
526
|
+
#
|
527
|
+
# The loopback address is a unicast localhost address. If an
|
528
|
+
# application in a host sends packets to this address, the IPv6 stack
|
529
|
+
# will loop these packets back on the same virtual interface.
|
530
|
+
#
|
531
|
+
# Loopback addresses are expressed in the following form:
|
532
|
+
#
|
533
|
+
# ::1
|
534
|
+
#
|
535
|
+
# or, with their appropriate prefix,
|
536
|
+
#
|
537
|
+
# ::1/128
|
538
|
+
#
|
539
|
+
# As for the unspecified addresses, IPv6 loopbacks can be created with
|
540
|
+
# IPAddress calling their own class:
|
541
|
+
#
|
542
|
+
# ip = IPAddress::IPv6::Loopback.new
|
543
|
+
#
|
544
|
+
# ip.to_s
|
545
|
+
# #=> "::1/128"
|
546
|
+
#
|
547
|
+
# or by using the wrapper:
|
548
|
+
#
|
549
|
+
# ip = IPAddress "::1"
|
550
|
+
#
|
551
|
+
# ip.to_s
|
552
|
+
# #=> "::1/128"
|
553
|
+
#
|
554
|
+
# Checking if an address is loopback is easy with the IPv6#loopback?
|
555
|
+
# method:
|
556
|
+
#
|
557
|
+
# ip.loopback?
|
558
|
+
# #=> true
|
559
|
+
#
|
560
|
+
# The IPv6 loopback address corresponds to 127.0.0.1 in IPv4.
|
561
|
+
#
|
562
|
+
class IPAddress::IPv6::Loopback < IPAddress::IPv6
|
563
|
+
#
|
564
|
+
# Creates a new IPv6 unspecified address
|
565
|
+
#
|
566
|
+
# ip = IPAddress::IPv6::Loopback.new
|
567
|
+
#
|
568
|
+
# ip.to_s
|
569
|
+
# #=> "::1/128"
|
570
|
+
#
|
571
|
+
def initialize
|
572
|
+
@address = ("0000:"*7)+"0001"
|
573
|
+
@groups = Array.new(7,0).push(1)
|
574
|
+
@prefix = Prefix128.new(128)
|
575
|
+
@compressed = compress_address
|
576
|
+
end
|
577
|
+
end # class IPv6::Loopback
|
578
|
+
|
579
|
+
#
|
580
|
+
# It is usually identified as a IPv4 mapped IPv6 address, a particular
|
581
|
+
# IPv6 address which aids the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. The
|
582
|
+
# structure of the address is
|
583
|
+
#
|
584
|
+
# ::ffff:w.y.x.z
|
585
|
+
#
|
586
|
+
# where w.x.y.z is a normal IPv4 address. For example, the following is
|
587
|
+
# a mapped IPv6 address:
|
588
|
+
#
|
589
|
+
# ::ffff:192.168.100.1
|
590
|
+
#
|
591
|
+
# IPAddress is very powerful in handling mapped IPv6 addresses, as the
|
592
|
+
# IPv4 portion is stored internally as a normal IPv4 object. Let's have
|
593
|
+
# a look at some examples. To create a new mapped address, just use the
|
594
|
+
# class builder itself
|
595
|
+
#
|
596
|
+
# ip6 = IPAddress::IPv6::Mapped.new "::ffff:172.16.10.1/128"
|
597
|
+
#
|
598
|
+
# or just use the wrapper method
|
599
|
+
#
|
600
|
+
# ip6 = IPAddress "::ffff:172.16.10.1/128"
|
601
|
+
#
|
602
|
+
# Let's check it's really a mapped address:
|
603
|
+
#
|
604
|
+
# ip6.mapped?
|
605
|
+
# #=> true
|
606
|
+
#
|
607
|
+
# ip6.to_s
|
608
|
+
# #=> "::FFFF:172.16.10.1/128"
|
609
|
+
#
|
610
|
+
# Now with the +ipv4+ attribute, we can easily access the IPv4 portion
|
611
|
+
# of the mapped IPv6 address:
|
612
|
+
#
|
613
|
+
# ip6.ipv4.address
|
614
|
+
# #=> "172.16.10.1"
|
615
|
+
#
|
616
|
+
# Internally, the IPv4 address is stored as two 16 bits
|
617
|
+
# groups. Therefore all the usual methods for an IPv6 address are
|
618
|
+
# working perfectly fine:
|
619
|
+
#
|
620
|
+
# ip6.to_hex
|
621
|
+
# #=> "00000000000000000000ffffac100a01"
|
622
|
+
#
|
623
|
+
# ip6.address
|
624
|
+
# #=> "0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:ffff:ac10:0a01"
|
625
|
+
#
|
626
|
+
# A mapped IPv6 can also be created just by specify the address in the
|
627
|
+
# following format:
|
628
|
+
#
|
629
|
+
# ip6 = IPAddress "::172.16.10.1"
|
630
|
+
#
|
631
|
+
# That is, two colons and the IPv4 address. However, as by RFC, the ffff
|
632
|
+
# group will be automatically added at the beginning
|
633
|
+
#
|
634
|
+
# ip6.to_s
|
635
|
+
# => "::ffff:172.16.10.1/128"
|
636
|
+
#
|
637
|
+
# making it a mapped IPv6 compatible address.
|
638
|
+
#
|
639
|
+
class IPAddress::IPv6::Mapped < IPAddress::IPv6
|
640
|
+
|
641
|
+
# Access the internal IPv4 address
|
642
|
+
attr_reader :ipv4
|
643
|
+
|
644
|
+
#
|
645
|
+
# Creates a new IPv6 unspecified address
|
646
|
+
#
|
647
|
+
# ip6 = IPAddress::IPv6::Mapped.new "::ffff:172.16.10.1/128"
|
648
|
+
#
|
649
|
+
def initialize(str)
|
650
|
+
string, netmask = str.split("/")
|
651
|
+
@ipv4 = IPAddress::IPv4.extract(string)
|
652
|
+
super("::ffff:#{@ipv4.to_ipv6}/#{netmask}")
|
653
|
+
end
|
654
|
+
|
655
|
+
#
|
656
|
+
# Similar to IPv6#to_s, but prints out the IPv4 address
|
657
|
+
# in dotted decimal format
|
658
|
+
#
|
659
|
+
#
|
660
|
+
# ip6 = IPAddress "::ffff:172.16.10.1/128"
|
661
|
+
#
|
662
|
+
# ip6.to_s
|
663
|
+
# #=> "::FFFF:172.16.10.1/128"
|
664
|
+
#
|
665
|
+
def to_s
|
666
|
+
"::ffff:#{@ipv4.address}/#@prefix"
|
667
|
+
end
|
668
|
+
|
669
|
+
#
|
670
|
+
# Checks if the IPv6 address is IPv4 mapped
|
671
|
+
#
|
672
|
+
# ip6 = IPAddress "::ffff:172.16.10.1/128"
|
673
|
+
#
|
674
|
+
# ip6.mapped?
|
675
|
+
# #=> true
|
676
|
+
#
|
677
|
+
def mapped?
|
678
|
+
true
|
679
|
+
end
|
680
|
+
end # class IPv6::Mapped
|
681
|
+
|
682
|
+
end # module IPAddress
|
683
|
+
|