iodine 0.7.59 → 0.8.0

data/ext/iodine/iodine_http.c

@@ -1,1181 +0,0 @@
-/*
-Copyright: Boaz segev, 2016-2017
-License: MIT
-
-Feel free to copy, use and enjoy according to the license provided.
-*/
-#include "iodine.h"
-
-#include "http.h"
-
-#include <ruby/encoding.h>
-#include <ruby/io.h>
-// #include "iodine_websockets.h"
-
-#ifndef __MINGW32__
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#endif
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#ifndef __MINGW32__
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#endif
-
-/* *****************************************************************************
-Available Globals
-***************************************************************************** */
-
-typedef struct {
-  VALUE app;
-  VALUE env;
-} iodine_http_settings_s;
-
-/* these three are used also by iodin_rack_io.c */
-VALUE IODINE_R_INPUT_DEFAULT;
-VALUE IODINE_R_INPUT;
-VALUE IODINE_R_HIJACK;
-VALUE IODINE_R_HIJACK_IO;
-VALUE IODINE_R_HIJACK_CB;
-
-static VALUE RACK_UPGRADE;
-static VALUE RACK_UPGRADE_Q;
-static VALUE RACK_UPGRADE_SSE;
-static VALUE RACK_UPGRADE_WEBSOCKET;
-static VALUE UPGRADE_TCP;
-
-static VALUE HTTP_ACCEPT;
-static VALUE HTTP_USER_AGENT;
-static VALUE HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING;
-static VALUE HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE;
-static VALUE HTTP_CONNECTION;
-static VALUE HTTP_HOST;
-
-static VALUE hijack_func_sym;
-static ID close_method_id;
-static ID each_method_id;
-static ID attach_method_id;
-static ID iodine_call_proc_id;
-
-static VALUE env_template_no_upgrade;
-static VALUE env_template_websockets;
-static VALUE env_template_sse;
-
-static rb_encoding *IodineUTF8Encoding;
-static rb_encoding *IodineBinaryEncoding;
-
-static uint8_t support_xsendfile = 0;
-
-#define rack_declare(rack_name) static VALUE rack_name
-
-#define rack_set(rack_name, str)                                               \
-  (rack_name) = rb_enc_str_new((str), strlen((str)), IodineBinaryEncoding);    \
-  rb_global_variable(&(rack_name));                                            \
-  rb_obj_freeze(rack_name);
-#define rack_set_sym(rack_name, sym)                                           \
-  (rack_name) = rb_id2sym(rb_intern2((sym), strlen((sym))));                   \
-  rb_global_variable(&(rack_name));
-
-#define rack_autoset(rack_name) rack_set((rack_name), #rack_name)
-
-// static uint8_t IODINE_IS_DEVELOPMENT_MODE = 0;
-
-rack_declare(HTTP_SCHEME);
-rack_declare(HTTPS_SCHEME);
-rack_declare(QUERY_ESTRING);
-rack_declare(REQUEST_METHOD);
-rack_declare(PATH_INFO);
-rack_declare(QUERY_STRING);
-rack_declare(QUERY_ESTRING);
-rack_declare(SERVER_NAME);
-rack_declare(SERVER_PORT);
-rack_declare(SERVER_PROTOCOL);
-rack_declare(HTTP_VERSION);
-rack_declare(REMOTE_ADDR);
-rack_declare(CONTENT_LENGTH);
-rack_declare(CONTENT_TYPE);
-rack_declare(R_URL_SCHEME);          // rack.url_scheme
-rack_declare(R_INPUT);               // rack.input
-rack_declare(XSENDFILE);             // for X-Sendfile support
-rack_declare(XSENDFILE_TYPE);        // for X-Sendfile support
-rack_declare(XSENDFILE_TYPE_HEADER); // for X-Sendfile support
-rack_declare(CONTENT_LENGTH_HEADER); // for X-Sendfile support
-
-/* used internally to handle requests */
-typedef struct {
-  http_s *h;
-  FIOBJ body;
-  enum iodine_http_response_type_enum {
-    IODINE_HTTP_NONE,
-    IODINE_HTTP_SENDBODY,
-    IODINE_HTTP_XSENDFILE,
-    IODINE_HTTP_EMPTY,
-    IODINE_HTTP_ERROR,
-  } type;
-  enum iodine_upgrade_type_enum {
-    IODINE_UPGRADE_NONE = 0,
-    IODINE_UPGRADE_WEBSOCKET,
-    IODINE_UPGRADE_SSE,
-  } upgrade;
-} iodine_http_request_handle_s;
-
-/* *****************************************************************************
-WebSocket support
-***************************************************************************** */
-
-typedef struct {
-  char *data;
-  size_t size;
-  uint8_t is_text;
-  VALUE io;
-} iodine_msg2ruby_s;
-
-static void *iodine_ws_fire_message(void *msg_) {
-  iodine_msg2ruby_s *msg = msg_;
-  VALUE data = rb_enc_str_new(
-      msg->data, msg->size,
-      (msg->is_text ? rb_utf8_encoding() : rb_ascii8bit_encoding()));
-  iodine_connection_fire_event(msg->io, IODINE_CONNECTION_ON_MESSAGE, data);
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-static void iodine_ws_on_message(ws_s *ws, fio_str_info_s data,
-                                 uint8_t is_text) {
-  iodine_msg2ruby_s msg = {
-      .data = data.data,
-      .size = data.len,
-      .is_text = is_text,
-      .io = (VALUE)websocket_udata_get(ws),
-  };
-  IodineCaller.enterGVL(iodine_ws_fire_message, &msg);
-}
-/**
- * The (optional) on_open callback will be called once the websocket
- * connection is established and before is is registered with `facil`, so no
- * `on_message` events are raised before `on_open` returns.
- */
-static void iodine_ws_on_open(ws_s *ws) {
-  VALUE h = (VALUE)websocket_udata_get(ws);
-  iodine_connection_s *c = iodine_connection_CData(h);
-  c->arg = ws;
-  c->uuid = websocket_uuid(ws);
-  iodine_connection_fire_event(h, IODINE_CONNECTION_ON_OPEN, Qnil);
-}
-/**
- * The (optional) on_ready callback will be after a the underlying socket's
- * buffer changes it's state from full to empty.
- *
- * If the socket's buffer is never used, the callback is never called.
- */
-static void iodine_ws_on_ready(ws_s *ws) {
-  iodine_connection_fire_event((VALUE)websocket_udata_get(ws),
-                               IODINE_CONNECTION_ON_DRAINED, Qnil);
-}
-/**
- * The (optional) on_shutdown callback will be called if a websocket
- * connection is still open while the server is shutting down (called before
- * `on_close`).
- */
-static void iodine_ws_on_shutdown(ws_s *ws) {
-  iodine_connection_fire_event((VALUE)websocket_udata_get(ws),
-                               IODINE_CONNECTION_ON_SHUTDOWN, Qnil);
-}
-/**
- * The (optional) on_close callback will be called once a websocket connection
- * is terminated or failed to be established.
- *
- * The `uuid` is the connection's unique ID that can identify the Websocket. A
- * value of `uuid == 0` indicates the Websocket connection wasn't established
- * (an error occured).
- *
- * The `udata` is the user data as set during the upgrade or using the
- * `websocket_udata_set` function.
- */
-static void iodine_ws_on_close(intptr_t uuid, void *udata) {
-  iodine_connection_fire_event((VALUE)udata, IODINE_CONNECTION_ON_CLOSE, Qnil);
-  (void)uuid;
-}
-
-static void iodine_ws_attach(http_s *h, VALUE handler, VALUE env) {
-  VALUE io =
-      iodine_connection_new(.type = IODINE_CONNECTION_WEBSOCKET, .arg = NULL,
-                            .handler = handler, .env = env, .uuid = 0);
-  if (io == Qnil)
-    return;
-
-  http_upgrade2ws(h, .on_message = iodine_ws_on_message,
-                  .on_open = iodine_ws_on_open, .on_ready = iodine_ws_on_ready,
-                  .on_shutdown = iodine_ws_on_shutdown,
-                  .on_close = iodine_ws_on_close, .udata = (void *)io);
-}
-
-/* *****************************************************************************
-SSE support
-***************************************************************************** */
-
-static void iodine_sse_on_ready(http_sse_s *sse) {
-  iodine_connection_fire_event((VALUE)sse->udata, IODINE_CONNECTION_ON_DRAINED,
-                               Qnil);
-}
-
-static void iodine_sse_on_shutdown(http_sse_s *sse) {
-  iodine_connection_fire_event((VALUE)sse->udata, IODINE_CONNECTION_ON_SHUTDOWN,
-                               Qnil);
-}
-static void iodine_sse_on_close(http_sse_s *sse) {
-  iodine_connection_fire_event((VALUE)sse->udata, IODINE_CONNECTION_ON_CLOSE,
-                               Qnil);
-}
-
-static void iodine_sse_on_open(http_sse_s *sse) {
-  VALUE h = (VALUE)sse->udata;
-  iodine_connection_s *c = iodine_connection_CData(h);
-  c->arg = sse;
-  c->uuid = http_sse2uuid(sse);
-  iodine_connection_fire_event(h, IODINE_CONNECTION_ON_OPEN, Qnil);
-  sse->on_ready = iodine_sse_on_ready;
-  fio_force_event(c->uuid, FIO_EVENT_ON_READY);
-}
-
-static void iodine_sse_attach(http_s *h, VALUE handler, VALUE env) {
-  VALUE io = iodine_connection_new(.type = IODINE_CONNECTION_SSE, .arg = NULL,
-                                   .handler = handler, .env = env, .uuid = 0);
-  if (io == Qnil)
-    return;
-
-  http_upgrade2sse(h, .on_open = iodine_sse_on_open,
-                   .on_ready = NULL /* will be set after the on_open */,
-                   .on_shutdown = iodine_sse_on_shutdown,
-                   .on_close = iodine_sse_on_close, .udata = (void *)io);
-}
-
-/* *****************************************************************************
-Copying data from the C request to the Rack's ENV
-***************************************************************************** */
-
-#define to_upper(c) (((c) >= 'a' && (c) <= 'z') ? ((c) & ~32) : (c))
-
-static int iodine_copy2env_task(FIOBJ o, void *env_) {
-  VALUE env = (VALUE)env_;
-  FIOBJ name = fiobj_hash_key_in_loop();
-  fio_str_info_s tmp = fiobj_obj2cstr(name);
-  VALUE hname = (VALUE)0;
-  /* test for common header names, using pre-allocated memory */
-  if (tmp.len == 6 && !memcmp("accept", tmp.data, 6)) {
-    hname = HTTP_ACCEPT;
-  } else if (tmp.len == 10 && !memcmp("user-agent", tmp.data, 10)) {
-    hname = HTTP_USER_AGENT;
-  } else if (tmp.len == 15 && !memcmp("accept-encoding", tmp.data, 15)) {
-    hname = HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING;
-  } else if (tmp.len == 15 && !memcmp("accept-language", tmp.data, 15)) {
-    hname = HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE;
-  } else if (tmp.len == 10 && !memcmp("connection", tmp.data, 10)) {
-    hname = HTTP_CONNECTION;
-  } else if (tmp.len == 4 && !memcmp("host", tmp.data, 4)) {
-    hname = HTTP_HOST;
-  } else if (tmp.len > 123) {
-    char *buf = fio_malloc(tmp.len + 5);
-    memcpy(buf, "HTTP_", 5);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < tmp.len; ++i) {
-      buf[i + 5] = (tmp.data[i] == '-') ? '_' : to_upper(tmp.data[i]);
-    }
-    hname = rb_enc_str_new(buf, tmp.len + 5, IodineBinaryEncoding);
-    fio_free(buf);
-  } else {
-    char buf[128];
-    memcpy(buf, "HTTP_", 5);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < tmp.len; ++i) {
-      buf[i + 5] = (tmp.data[i] == '-') ? '_' : to_upper(tmp.data[i]);
-    }
-    hname = rb_enc_str_new(buf, tmp.len + 5, IodineBinaryEncoding);
-  }
-
-  if (FIOBJ_TYPE_IS(o, FIOBJ_T_STRING)) {
-    tmp = fiobj_obj2cstr(o);
-    rb_hash_aset(env, hname,
-                 rb_enc_str_new(tmp.data, tmp.len, IodineBinaryEncoding));
-
-  } else {
-    /* it's an array */
-    size_t count = fiobj_ary_count(o);
-    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new2(count);
-    rb_hash_aset(env, hname, ary);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-      tmp = fiobj_obj2cstr(fiobj_ary_index(o, i));
-      rb_ary_push(ary, rb_enc_str_new(tmp.data, tmp.len, IodineBinaryEncoding));
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static inline VALUE copy2env(iodine_http_request_handle_s *handle) {
-  VALUE env;
-  http_s *h = handle->h;
-  switch (handle->upgrade) {
-  case IODINE_UPGRADE_WEBSOCKET:
-    env = rb_hash_dup(env_template_websockets);
-    break;
-  case IODINE_UPGRADE_SSE:
-    env = rb_hash_dup(env_template_sse);
-    break;
-  case IODINE_UPGRADE_NONE: /* fallthrough */
-  default:
-    env = rb_hash_dup(env_template_no_upgrade);
-    break;
-  }
-  IodineStore.add(env);
-
-  fio_str_info_s tmp;
-  char *pos = NULL;
-  /* Copy basic data */
-  tmp = fiobj_obj2cstr(h->method);
-  rb_hash_aset(env, REQUEST_METHOD,
-               rb_enc_str_new(tmp.data, tmp.len, IodineBinaryEncoding));
-  tmp = fiobj_obj2cstr(h->path);
-  rb_hash_aset(env, PATH_INFO,
-               rb_enc_str_new(tmp.data, tmp.len, IodineBinaryEncoding));
-  if (h->query) {
-    tmp = fiobj_obj2cstr(h->query);
-    rb_hash_aset(env, QUERY_STRING,
-                 tmp.len
-                     ? rb_enc_str_new(tmp.data, tmp.len, IodineBinaryEncoding)
-                     : QUERY_ESTRING);
-  } else {
-    rb_hash_aset(env, QUERY_STRING, QUERY_ESTRING);
-  }
-  {
-    // HTTP version appears twice
-    tmp = fiobj_obj2cstr(h->version);
-    VALUE hname = rb_enc_str_new(tmp.data, tmp.len, IodineBinaryEncoding);
-    rb_hash_aset(env, SERVER_PROTOCOL, hname);
-    rb_hash_aset(env, HTTP_VERSION, hname);
-  }
-
-  { // Support for Ruby web-console.
-    fio_str_info_s peer = http_peer_addr(h);
-    if (peer.len) {
-      rb_hash_aset(env, REMOTE_ADDR, rb_str_new(peer.data, peer.len));
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* handle the HOST header, including the possible host:#### format*/
-  static uint64_t host_hash = 0;
-  if (!host_hash)
-    host_hash = fiobj_hash_string("host", 4);
-  tmp = fiobj_obj2cstr(fiobj_hash_get2(h->headers, host_hash));
-  pos = tmp.data;
-  while (*pos && *pos != ':')
-    pos++;
-  if (*pos == 0) {
-    rb_hash_aset(env, SERVER_NAME,
-                 rb_enc_str_new(tmp.data, tmp.len, IodineBinaryEncoding));
-  } else {
-    rb_hash_aset(
-        env, SERVER_NAME,
-        rb_enc_str_new(tmp.data, pos - tmp.data, IodineBinaryEncoding));
-    ++pos;
-    rb_hash_aset(
-        env, SERVER_PORT,
-        rb_enc_str_new(pos, tmp.len - (pos - tmp.data), IodineBinaryEncoding));
-  }
-
-  /* remove special headers */
-  {
-    static uint64_t content_length_hash = 0;
-    if (!content_length_hash)
-      content_length_hash = fiobj_hash_string("content-length", 14);
-    FIOBJ cl = fiobj_hash_get2(h->headers, content_length_hash);
-    if (cl) {
-      tmp = fiobj_obj2cstr(fiobj_hash_get2(h->headers, content_length_hash));
-      if (tmp.data) {
-        rb_hash_aset(env, CONTENT_LENGTH,
-                     rb_enc_str_new(tmp.data, tmp.len, IodineBinaryEncoding));
-        fiobj_hash_delete2(h->headers, content_length_hash);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  {
-    static uint64_t content_type_hash = 0;
-    if (!content_type_hash)
-      content_type_hash = fiobj_hash_string("content-type", 12);
-    FIOBJ ct = fiobj_hash_get2(h->headers, content_type_hash);
-    if (ct) {
-      tmp = fiobj_obj2cstr(ct);
-      if (tmp.len && tmp.data) {
-        rb_hash_aset(env, CONTENT_TYPE,
-                     rb_enc_str_new(tmp.data, tmp.len, IodineBinaryEncoding));
-        fiobj_hash_delete2(h->headers, content_type_hash);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  /* handle scheme / sepcial forwarding headers */
-  {
-    FIOBJ objtmp;
-    static uint64_t xforward_hash = 0;
-    if (!xforward_hash)
-      xforward_hash = fiobj_hash_string("x-forwarded-proto", 27);
-    static uint64_t forward_hash = 0;
-    if (!forward_hash)
-      forward_hash = fiobj_hash_string("forwarded", 9);
-    if ((objtmp = fiobj_hash_get2(h->headers, xforward_hash))) {
-      tmp = fiobj_obj2cstr(objtmp);
-      if (tmp.len >= 5 && !strncasecmp(tmp.data, "https", 5)) {
-        rb_hash_aset(env, R_URL_SCHEME, HTTPS_SCHEME);
-      } else if (tmp.len == 4 && !strncasecmp(tmp.data, "http", 4)) {
-        rb_hash_aset(env, R_URL_SCHEME, HTTP_SCHEME);
-      } else {
-        rb_hash_aset(env, R_URL_SCHEME,
-                     rb_enc_str_new(tmp.data, tmp.len, IodineBinaryEncoding));
-      }
-    } else if ((objtmp = fiobj_hash_get2(h->headers, forward_hash))) {
-      tmp = fiobj_obj2cstr(objtmp);
-      pos = tmp.data;
-      if (pos) {
-        while (*pos) {
-          if (((*(pos++) | 32) == 'p') && ((*(pos++) | 32) == 'r') &&
-              ((*(pos++) | 32) == 'o') && ((*(pos++) | 32) == 't') &&
-              ((*(pos++) | 32) == 'o') && ((*(pos++) | 32) == '=')) {
-            if ((pos[0] | 32) == 'h' && (pos[1] | 32) == 't' &&
-                (pos[2] | 32) == 't' && (pos[3] | 32) == 'p') {
-              if ((pos[4] | 32) == 's') {
-                rb_hash_aset(env, R_URL_SCHEME, HTTPS_SCHEME);
-              } else {
-                rb_hash_aset(env, R_URL_SCHEME, HTTP_SCHEME);
-              }
-            } else {
-              char *tmp = pos;
-              while (*tmp && *tmp != ';')
-                tmp++;
-              rb_hash_aset(env, R_URL_SCHEME, rb_str_new(pos, tmp - pos));
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    } else if (http_settings(h)->tls) {
-      /* no forwarding information, but we do have TLS */
-      rb_hash_aset(env, R_URL_SCHEME, HTTPS_SCHEME);
-    } else {
-      /* no TLS, no forwarding, assume `http`, which is the default */
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* add all remaining headers */
-  fiobj_each1(h->headers, 0, iodine_copy2env_task, (void *)env);
-  return env;
-}
-#undef add_str_to_env
-#undef add_value_to_env
-#undef add_header_to_env
-
-/* *****************************************************************************
-Handling the HTTP response
-***************************************************************************** */
-
-// itterate through the headers and add them to the response buffer
-// (we are recycling the request's buffer)
-static int for_each_header_data(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE h_) {
-  http_s *h = (http_s *)h_;
-  // fprintf(stderr, "For_each - headers\n");
-  if (TYPE(val) == T_NIL || TYPE(key) == T_NIL)
-    return ST_CONTINUE;
-  if (TYPE(val) == T_ARRAY)
-    goto array_style_multi_value;
-  if (TYPE(key) != T_STRING)
-    key = IodineCaller.call(key, iodine_to_s_id);
-  if (TYPE(key) != T_STRING)
-    return ST_CONTINUE;
-  if (TYPE(val) != T_STRING) {
-    val = IodineCaller.call(val, iodine_to_s_id);
-    if (TYPE(val) != T_STRING)
-      return ST_STOP;
-  }
-  char *key_s = RSTRING_PTR(key);
-  int key_len = RSTRING_LEN(key);
-  char *val_s = RSTRING_PTR(val);
-  int val_len = RSTRING_LEN(val);
-  // make the headers lowercase
-
-  FIOBJ name = fiobj_str_new(key_s, key_len);
-  {
-    fio_str_info_s tmp = fiobj_obj2cstr(name);
-    for (int i = 0; i < key_len; ++i) {
-      tmp.data[i] = tolower(tmp.data[i]);
-    }
-  }
-  // scan the value for newline (\n) delimiters
-  char *pos_s = val_s;
-  char *pos_e = val_s + val_len;
-  while (pos_s < pos_e) {
-    // scanning for newline (\n) delimiters
-    char *const start = pos_s;
-    pos_s = memchr(pos_s, '\n', pos_e - pos_s);
-    if (!pos_s)
-      pos_s = pos_e;
-    http_set_header(h, name, fiobj_str_new(start, (pos_s - start)));
-    // move forward (skip the '\n' if exists)
-    ++pos_s;
-  }
-  fiobj_free(name);
-  // no errors, return 0
-  return ST_CONTINUE;
-
-array_style_multi_value:
-  for (size_t i = 0, end = RARRAY_LEN(val); i < end; ++i) {
-    if (for_each_header_data(key, RARRAY_AREF(val, i), h_) == ST_CONTINUE)
-      continue;
-    return ST_STOP;
-  }
-  return ST_CONTINUE;
-}
-
-// writes the body to the response object
-static VALUE for_each_body_string(VALUE str, VALUE body_, int argc,
-                                  VALUE *argv) {
-  // fprintf(stderr, "For_each - body\n");
-  // write body
-  if (TYPE(str) != T_STRING) {
-    FIO_LOG_ERROR("(Iodine) response body not a String\n");
-    return Qfalse;
-  }
-  if (RSTRING_LEN(str) && RSTRING_PTR(str)) {
-    fiobj_str_write((FIOBJ)body_, RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str));
-  }
-  return Qtrue;
-  (void)argc;
-  (void)argv;
-}
-
-static inline int ruby2c_response_send(iodine_http_request_handle_s *handle,
-                                       VALUE rbresponse, VALUE env) {
-  (void)(env);
-  VALUE body = rb_ary_entry(rbresponse, 2);
-  if (handle->h->status < 200 || handle->h->status == 204 ||
-      handle->h->status == 304) {
-    if (body && rb_respond_to(body, close_method_id))
-      IodineCaller.call(body, close_method_id);
-    body = Qnil;
-    handle->type = IODINE_HTTP_NONE;
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if (TYPE(body) == T_ARRAY) {
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(body) == 0) { // only headers
-      handle->type = IODINE_HTTP_EMPTY;
-      return 0;
-    } else if (RARRAY_LEN(body) == 1) { // [String] is likely
-      body = rb_ary_entry(body, 0);
-      // fprintf(stderr, "Body was a single item array, unpacket to string\n");
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (TYPE(body) == T_STRING) {
-    // fprintf(stderr, "Review body as String\n");
-    handle->type = IODINE_HTTP_NONE;
-    if (RSTRING_LEN(body)) {
-      handle->body = fiobj_str_new(RSTRING_PTR(body), RSTRING_LEN(body));
-      handle->type = IODINE_HTTP_SENDBODY;
-    }
-    return 0;
-  } else if (rb_respond_to(body, each_method_id)) {
-    // fprintf(stderr, "Review body as for-each ...\n");
-    handle->body = fiobj_str_buf(1);
-    handle->type = IODINE_HTTP_SENDBODY;
-    IodineCaller.call_with_block(body, each_method_id, 0, NULL,
-                                 (VALUE)handle->body, for_each_body_string);
-    // we need to call `close` in case the object is an IO / BodyProxy
-    if (rb_respond_to(body, close_method_id))
-      IodineCaller.call(body, close_method_id);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  return -1;
-}
-
-/* *****************************************************************************
-Handling Upgrade cases
-***************************************************************************** */
-
-static inline int ruby2c_review_upgrade(iodine_http_request_handle_s *req,
-                                        VALUE rbresponse, VALUE env) {
-  http_s *h = req->h;
-  VALUE handler;
-  if ((handler = rb_hash_aref(env, IODINE_R_HIJACK_CB)) != Qnil) {
-    // send headers
-    http_finish(h);
-    // call the callback
-    VALUE io_ruby = IodineCaller.call(rb_hash_aref(env, IODINE_R_HIJACK),
-                                      iodine_call_proc_id);
-    IodineCaller.call2(handler, iodine_call_proc_id, 1, &io_ruby);
-    goto upgraded;
-  } else if ((handler = rb_hash_aref(env, IODINE_R_HIJACK_IO)) != Qnil) {
-    //  do nothing, just cleanup
-    goto upgraded;
-  } else if ((handler = rb_hash_aref(env, UPGRADE_TCP)) != Qnil) {
-    goto tcp_ip_upgrade;
-  } else {
-    switch (req->upgrade) {
-    case IODINE_UPGRADE_WEBSOCKET:
-      if ((handler = rb_hash_aref(env, RACK_UPGRADE)) != Qnil) {
-        // use response as existing base for native websocket upgrade
-        iodine_ws_attach(h, handler, env);
-        goto upgraded;
-      }
-      break;
-    case IODINE_UPGRADE_SSE:
-      if ((handler = rb_hash_aref(env, RACK_UPGRADE)) != Qnil) {
-        // use response as existing base for SSE upgrade
-        iodine_sse_attach(h, handler, env);
-        goto upgraded;
-      }
-      break;
-    default:
-      if ((handler = rb_hash_aref(env, RACK_UPGRADE)) != Qnil) {
-      tcp_ip_upgrade : {
-        // use response as existing base for raw TCP/IP upgrade
-        intptr_t uuid = http_hijack(h, NULL);
-        // send headers
-        http_finish(h);
-        // upgrade protocol to raw TCP/IP
-        iodine_tcp_attch_uuid(uuid, handler);
-        goto upgraded;
-      }
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-
-upgraded:
-  // get body object to close it (if needed)
-  handler = rb_ary_entry(rbresponse, 2);
-  // we need to call `close` in case the object is an IO / BodyProxy
-  if (handler != Qnil && rb_respond_to(handler, close_method_id))
-    IodineCaller.call(handler, close_method_id);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-/* *****************************************************************************
-Handling HTTP requests
-***************************************************************************** */
-
-static inline void *iodine_handle_request_in_GVL(void *handle_) {
-  iodine_http_request_handle_s *handle = handle_;
-  VALUE rbresponse = 0;
-  VALUE env = 0;
-  http_s *h = handle->h;
-  if (!h->udata)
-    goto err_not_found;
-
-  // create / register env variable
-  env = copy2env(handle);
-  // create rack.io
-  VALUE tmp = IodineRackIO.create(h, env);
-  // pass env variable to handler
-  rbresponse =
-      IodineCaller.call2((VALUE)h->udata, iodine_call_proc_id, 1, &env);
-  // close rack.io
-  IodineRackIO.close(tmp);
-  // test handler's return value
-  if (rbresponse == 0 || rbresponse == Qnil || TYPE(rbresponse) != T_ARRAY)
-    goto internal_error;
-  IodineStore.add(rbresponse);
-
-  // set response status
-  tmp = rb_ary_entry(rbresponse, 0);
-  if (TYPE(tmp) == T_STRING) {
-    char *data = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
-    h->status = fio_atol(&data);
-  } else if (TYPE(tmp) == T_FIXNUM) {
-    h->status = FIX2ULONG(tmp);
-  } else {
-    goto internal_error;
-  }
-
-  // handle header copy from ruby land to C land.
-  VALUE response_headers = rb_ary_entry(rbresponse, 1);
-  if (TYPE(response_headers) != T_HASH)
-    goto internal_error;
-  // extract the X-Sendfile header (never show original path)
-  // X-Sendfile support only present when iodine serves static files.
-  VALUE xfiles;
-  if (support_xsendfile &&
-      (xfiles = rb_hash_aref(response_headers, XSENDFILE)) != Qnil &&
-      TYPE(xfiles) == T_STRING) {
-    if (OBJ_FROZEN(response_headers)) {
-      response_headers = rb_hash_dup(response_headers);
-    }
-    IodineStore.add(response_headers);
-    handle->body = fiobj_str_new(RSTRING_PTR(xfiles), RSTRING_LEN(xfiles));
-    handle->type = IODINE_HTTP_XSENDFILE;
-    rb_hash_delete(response_headers, XSENDFILE);
-    // remove content length headers, as this will be controled by iodine
-    rb_hash_delete(response_headers, CONTENT_LENGTH_HEADER);
-    // review each header and write it to the response.
-    rb_hash_foreach(response_headers, for_each_header_data, (VALUE)(h));
-    IodineStore.remove(response_headers);
-    // send the file directly and finish
-    goto finish;
-  }
-  // review each header and write it to the response.
-  rb_hash_foreach(response_headers, for_each_header_data, (VALUE)(h));
-  // review for upgrade.
-  if ((intptr_t)h->status < 300 &&
-      ruby2c_review_upgrade(handle, rbresponse, env))
-    goto external_done;
-  // send the request body.
-  if (ruby2c_response_send(handle, rbresponse, env))
-    goto internal_error;
-
-finish:
-  IodineStore.remove(rbresponse);
-  IodineStore.remove(env);
-  return NULL;
-
-external_done:
-  IodineStore.remove(rbresponse);
-  IodineStore.remove(env);
-  handle->type = IODINE_HTTP_NONE;
-  return NULL;
-
-err_not_found:
-  IodineStore.remove(rbresponse);
-  IodineStore.remove(env);
-  h->status = 404;
-  handle->type = IODINE_HTTP_ERROR;
-  return NULL;
-
-internal_error:
-  IodineStore.remove(rbresponse);
-  IodineStore.remove(env);
-  h->status = 500;
-  handle->type = IODINE_HTTP_ERROR;
-  return NULL;
-}
-
-static inline void
-iodine_perform_handle_action(iodine_http_request_handle_s handle) {
-  switch (handle.type) {
-  case IODINE_HTTP_SENDBODY: {
-    fio_str_info_s data = fiobj_obj2cstr(handle.body);
-    http_send_body(handle.h, data.data, data.len);
-    fiobj_free(handle.body);
-    break;
-  }
-  case IODINE_HTTP_XSENDFILE: {
-    /* remove chunked content-encoding header, if any (Rack issue #1266) */
-    if (fiobj_obj2cstr(
-            fiobj_hash_get2(handle.h->private_data.out_headers,
-                            fiobj_obj2hash(HTTP_HEADER_CONTENT_ENCODING)))
-            .len == 7)
-      fiobj_hash_delete2(handle.h->private_data.out_headers,
-                         fiobj_obj2hash(HTTP_HEADER_CONTENT_ENCODING));
-    fio_str_info_s data = fiobj_obj2cstr(handle.body);
-    if (http_sendfile2(handle.h, data.data, data.len, NULL, 0)) {
-      http_send_error(handle.h, 404);
-    }
-    fiobj_free(handle.body);
-    break;
-  }
-  case IODINE_HTTP_EMPTY:
-    http_finish(handle.h);
-    fiobj_free(handle.body);
-    break;
-  case IODINE_HTTP_NONE:
-    /* nothing to do - this had to be performed within the Ruby GIL :-( */
-    break;
-  case IODINE_HTTP_ERROR:
-    http_send_error(handle.h, handle.h->status);
-    fiobj_free(handle.body);
-    break;
-  }
-}
-static void on_rack_request(http_s *h) {
-  iodine_http_request_handle_s handle = (iodine_http_request_handle_s){
-      .h = h,
-      .upgrade = IODINE_UPGRADE_NONE,
-  };
-  IodineCaller.enterGVL((void *(*)(void *))iodine_handle_request_in_GVL,
-                        &handle);
-  iodine_perform_handle_action(handle);
-}
-
-static void on_rack_upgrade(http_s *h, char *proto, size_t len) {
-  iodine_http_request_handle_s handle = (iodine_http_request_handle_s){.h = h};
-  if (len == 9 && (proto[1] == 'e' || proto[1] == 'E')) {
-    handle.upgrade = IODINE_UPGRADE_WEBSOCKET;
-  } else if (len == 3 && proto[0] == 's') {
-    handle.upgrade = IODINE_UPGRADE_SSE;
-  }
-  /* when we stop supporting custom Upgrade headers: */
-  // else {
-  //   http_send_error(h, 400);
-  //   return;
-  // }
-  IodineCaller.enterGVL(iodine_handle_request_in_GVL, &handle);
-  iodine_perform_handle_action(handle);
-  (void)proto;
-  (void)len;
-}
-
-/* *****************************************************************************
-Rack `env` Template Initialization
-***************************************************************************** */
-
-static void initialize_env_template(void) {
-  if (env_template_no_upgrade)
-    return;
-  env_template_no_upgrade = rb_hash_new();
-  IodineStore.add(env_template_no_upgrade);
-
-#define add_str_to_env(env, key, value)                                        \
-  {                                                                            \
-    VALUE k = rb_enc_str_new((key), strlen((key)), IodineBinaryEncoding);      \
-    rb_obj_freeze(k);                                                          \
-    VALUE v = rb_enc_str_new((value), strlen((value)), IodineBinaryEncoding);  \
-    rb_obj_freeze(v);                                                          \
-    rb_hash_aset(env, k, v);                                                   \
-  }
-#define add_value_to_env(env, key, value)                                      \
-  {                                                                            \
-    VALUE k = rb_enc_str_new((key), strlen((key)), IodineBinaryEncoding);      \
-    rb_obj_freeze(k);                                                          \
-    rb_hash_aset((env), k, value);                                             \
-  }
-
-  /* Set global template */
-  rb_hash_aset(env_template_no_upgrade, RACK_UPGRADE_Q, Qnil);
-  rb_hash_aset(env_template_no_upgrade, RACK_UPGRADE, Qnil);
-  {
-    /* add the rack.version */
-    static VALUE rack_version = 0;
-    if (!rack_version) {
-      rack_version = rb_ary_new(); // rb_ary_new is Ruby 2.0 compatible
-      rb_ary_push(rack_version, INT2FIX(1));
-      rb_ary_push(rack_version, INT2FIX(3));
-      rb_global_variable(&rack_version);
-      rb_ary_freeze(rack_version);
-    }
-    add_value_to_env(env_template_no_upgrade, "rack.version", rack_version);
-  }
-
-  {
-    const char *sn = getenv("SCRIPT_NAME");
-    if (!sn || (sn[0] == '/' && sn[1] == 0)) {
-      sn = "";
-    }
-    add_str_to_env(env_template_no_upgrade, "SCRIPT_NAME", sn);
-  }
-  rb_hash_aset(env_template_no_upgrade, IODINE_R_INPUT, IODINE_R_INPUT_DEFAULT);
-  add_value_to_env(env_template_no_upgrade, "rack.errors", rb_stderr);
-  add_value_to_env(env_template_no_upgrade, "rack.hijack?", Qtrue);
-  add_value_to_env(env_template_no_upgrade, "rack.multiprocess", Qtrue);
-  add_value_to_env(env_template_no_upgrade, "rack.multithread", Qtrue);
-  add_value_to_env(env_template_no_upgrade, "rack.run_once", Qfalse);
-  /* default schema to http, it might be updated later */
-  rb_hash_aset(env_template_no_upgrade, R_URL_SCHEME, HTTP_SCHEME);
-  /* placeholders... minimize rehashing*/
-  rb_hash_aset(env_template_no_upgrade, HTTP_VERSION, QUERY_STRING);
-  rb_hash_aset(env_template_no_upgrade, IODINE_R_HIJACK, QUERY_STRING);
-  rb_hash_aset(env_template_no_upgrade, PATH_INFO, QUERY_STRING);
-  rb_hash_aset(env_template_no_upgrade, QUERY_STRING, QUERY_STRING);
-  rb_hash_aset(env_template_no_upgrade, REMOTE_ADDR, QUERY_STRING);
-  rb_hash_aset(env_template_no_upgrade, REQUEST_METHOD, QUERY_STRING);
-  rb_hash_aset(env_template_no_upgrade, SERVER_NAME, QUERY_STRING);
-  rb_hash_aset(env_template_no_upgrade, SERVER_PROTOCOL, QUERY_STRING);
-
-  /* WebSocket upgrade support */
-  env_template_websockets = rb_hash_dup(env_template_no_upgrade);
-  IodineStore.add(env_template_websockets);
-  rb_hash_aset(env_template_websockets, RACK_UPGRADE_Q, RACK_UPGRADE_WEBSOCKET);
-
-  /* SSE upgrade support */
-  env_template_sse = rb_hash_dup(env_template_no_upgrade);
-  IodineStore.add(env_template_sse);
-  rb_hash_aset(env_template_sse, RACK_UPGRADE_Q, RACK_UPGRADE_SSE);
-
-#undef add_value_to_env
-#undef add_str_to_env
-}
-
-/* *****************************************************************************
-Listenninng to HTTP
-*****************************************************************************
-*/
-
-static void free_iodine_http(http_settings_s *s) {
-  IodineStore.remove((VALUE)s->udata);
-}
-
-// clang-format off
-/**
-Listens to incoming HTTP connections and handles incoming requests using the
-Rack specification.
-
-This is delegated to a lower level C HTTP and Websocket implementation, no
-Ruby object will be crated except the `env` object required by the Rack
-specifications.
-
-Accepts a single Hash argument with the following properties:
-
-(it's possible to set default values using the {Iodine::DEFAULT_HTTP_ARGS} Hash)
-
-app:: the Rack application that handles incoming requests. Default: `nil`.
-port:: the port to listen to. Default: 3000.
-address:: the address to bind to. Default: binds to all possible addresses.
-log:: enable response logging (Hijacked sockets aren't logged). Default: off.
-public:: The root public folder for static file service. Default: none.
-timeout:: Timeout for inactive HTTP/1.x connections. Defaults: 40 seconds.
-max_body:: The maximum body size for incoming HTTP messages in bytes. Default: ~50Mib.
-max_headers:: The maximum total header length for incoming HTTP messages. Default: ~64Kib.
-max_msg:: The maximum Websocket message size allowed. Default: ~250Kib.
-ping:: The Websocket `ping` interval. Default: 40 seconds.
-
-Either the `app` or the `public` properties are required. If niether exists,
-the function will fail. If both exist, Iodine will serve static files as well
-as dynamic requests.
-
-When using the static file server, it's possible to serve `gzip` versions of
-the static files by saving a compressed version with the `gz` extension (i.e.
-`styles.css.gz`).
-
-`gzip` will only be served to clients tat support the `gzip` transfer
-encoding.
-
-Once HTTP/2 is supported (planned, but probably very far away), HTTP/2
-timeouts will be dynamically managed by Iodine. The `timeout` option is only
-relevant to HTTP/1.x connections.
-*/
-intptr_t iodine_http_listen(iodine_connection_args_s args){
-  // clang-format on
-  if (args.public.data) {
-    rb_hash_aset(env_template_no_upgrade, XSENDFILE_TYPE, XSENDFILE);
-    rb_hash_aset(env_template_no_upgrade, XSENDFILE_TYPE_HEADER, XSENDFILE);
-    support_xsendfile = 1;
-  }
-  IodineStore.add(args.handler);
-#ifdef __MINGW32__
-  intptr_t uuid = http_listen(
-      args.port.data, args.address.data, .on_request = on_rack_request,
-      .on_upgrade = on_rack_upgrade, .udata = (void *)args.handler,
-      .timeout = args.timeout, .ws_timeout = args.ping,
-      .ws_max_msg_size = args.max_msg, .max_header_size = args.max_headers,
-      .on_finish = free_iodine_http, .log = args.log,
-      .max_body_size = args.max_body, .public_folder = args.public.data);
-#else
-  intptr_t uuid = http_listen(
-      args.port.data, args.address.data, .on_request = on_rack_request,
-      .on_upgrade = on_rack_upgrade, .udata = (void *)args.handler,
-      .tls = args.tls, .timeout = args.timeout, .ws_timeout = args.ping,
-      .ws_max_msg_size = args.max_msg, .max_header_size = args.max_headers,
-      .on_finish = free_iodine_http, .log = args.log,
-      .max_body_size = args.max_body, .public_folder = args.public.data);
-#endif
-  if (uuid == -1)
-    return uuid;
-
-  if ((args.handler == Qnil || args.handler == Qfalse)) {
-    FIO_LOG_WARNING("(listen) no handler / app, the HTTP service on port %s "
-                    "will only serve "
-                    "static files.",
-                    args.port.data ? args.port.data : args.address.data);
-  }
-  if (args.public.data) {
-    FIO_LOG_INFO("Serving static files from %s", args.public.data);
-  }
-
-  return uuid;
-}
-
-/* *****************************************************************************
-HTTP Websocket Connect
-***************************************************************************** */
-
-typedef struct {
-  FIOBJ method;
-  FIOBJ headers;
-  FIOBJ cookies;
-  FIOBJ body;
-  VALUE io;
-} request_data_s;
-
-static request_data_s *request_data_create(iodine_connection_args_s *args) {
-  request_data_s *r = fio_malloc(sizeof(*r));
-  FIO_ASSERT_ALLOC(r);
-  VALUE io =
-      iodine_connection_new(.type = IODINE_CONNECTION_WEBSOCKET, .arg = NULL,
-                            .handler = args->handler, .env = Qnil, .uuid = 0);
-
-  *r = (request_data_s){
-      .method = fiobj_str_new(args->method.data, args->method.len),
-      .headers = fiobj_dup(args->headers),
-      .cookies = fiobj_dup(args->cookies),
-      .body = fiobj_str_new(args->body.data, args->body.len),
-      .io = io,
-  };
-  return r;
-}
-
-static void request_data_destroy(request_data_s *r) {
-  fiobj_free(r->method);
-  fiobj_free(r->body);
-  fiobj_free(r->headers);
-  fiobj_free(r->cookies);
-  fio_free(r);
-}
-
-static int each_header_ws_client_task(FIOBJ val, void *h_) {
-  http_s *h = h_;
-  FIOBJ key = fiobj_hash_key_in_loop();
-  http_set_header(h, key, fiobj_dup(val));
-  return 0;
-}
-static int each_cookie_ws_client_task(FIOBJ val, void *h_) {
-  http_s *h = h_;
-  FIOBJ key = fiobj_hash_key_in_loop();
-  fio_str_info_s n = fiobj_obj2cstr(key);
-  fio_str_info_s v = fiobj_obj2cstr(val);
-  http_set_cookie(h, .name = n.data, .name_len = n.len, .value = v.data,
-                  .value_len = v.len);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static void ws_client_http_connected(http_s *h) {
-  request_data_s *s = h->udata;
-  if (!s)
-    return;
-  h->udata = http_settings(h)->udata = NULL;
-  if (!h->path) {
-    h->path = fiobj_str_new("/", 1);
-  }
-  /* TODO: add headers and cookies */
-  fiobj_each1(s->headers, 0, each_header_ws_client_task, h);
-  fiobj_each1(s->headers, 0, each_cookie_ws_client_task, h);
-  if (s->io && s->io != Qnil)
-    http_upgrade2ws(
-        h, .on_message = iodine_ws_on_message, .on_open = iodine_ws_on_open,
-        .on_ready = iodine_ws_on_ready, .on_shutdown = iodine_ws_on_shutdown,
-        .on_close = iodine_ws_on_close, .udata = (void *)s->io);
-  request_data_destroy(s);
-}
-
-static void ws_client_http_connection_finished(http_settings_s *settings) {
-  if (!settings)
-    return;
-  request_data_s *s = settings->udata;
-  if (s) {
-    if (s->io && s->io != Qnil)
-      iodine_connection_fire_event(s->io, IODINE_CONNECTION_ON_CLOSE, Qnil);
-    request_data_destroy(s);
-  }
-}
-
-/** Connects to a (remote) WebSocket service. */
-intptr_t iodine_ws_connect(iodine_connection_args_s args) {
-  // http_connect(url, unixaddr, struct http_settings_s)
-  uint8_t is_unix_socket = 0;
-  if (memchr(args.address.data, '/', args.address.len)) {
-    is_unix_socket = 1;
-  }
-  FIOBJ url_tmp = FIOBJ_INVALID;
-  if (!args.url.data) {
-    url_tmp = fiobj_str_buf(64);
-#ifndef __MINGW32__
-    if (args.tls)
-      fiobj_str_write(url_tmp, "wss://", 6);
-    else
-#endif
-      fiobj_str_write(url_tmp, "ws://", 5);
-    if (!is_unix_socket) {
-      fiobj_str_write(url_tmp, args.address.data, args.address.len);
-      if (args.port.data) {
-        fiobj_str_write(url_tmp, ":", 1);
-        fiobj_str_write(url_tmp, args.port.data, args.port.len);
-      }
-    }
-    if (args.path.data)
-      fiobj_str_write(url_tmp, args.path.data, args.path.len);
-    else
-      fiobj_str_write(url_tmp, "/", 1);
-    args.url = fiobj_obj2cstr(url_tmp);
-  }
-
-#ifdef __MINGW32__
-  intptr_t uuid =
-      http_connect(args.url.data, (is_unix_socket ? args.address.data : NULL),
-                   .udata = request_data_create(&args),
-                   .on_response = ws_client_http_connected,
-                   .on_finish = ws_client_http_connection_finished);
-#else
-  intptr_t uuid = http_connect(
-      args.url.data, (is_unix_socket ? args.address.data : NULL),
-      .udata = request_data_create(&args),
-      .on_response = ws_client_http_connected,
-      .on_finish = ws_client_http_connection_finished, .tls = args.tls);
-#endif
-  fiobj_free(url_tmp);
-  return uuid;
-}
-
-/* *****************************************************************************
-Initialization
-***************************************************************************** */
-
-void iodine_init_http(void) {
-
-  rack_autoset(REQUEST_METHOD);
-  rack_autoset(PATH_INFO);
-  rack_autoset(QUERY_STRING);
-  rack_autoset(SERVER_NAME);
-  rack_autoset(SERVER_PORT);
-  rack_autoset(CONTENT_LENGTH);
-  rack_autoset(CONTENT_TYPE);
-  rack_autoset(SERVER_PROTOCOL);
-  rack_autoset(HTTP_VERSION);
-  rack_autoset(REMOTE_ADDR);
-
-  rack_autoset(HTTP_ACCEPT);
-  rack_autoset(HTTP_USER_AGENT);
-  rack_autoset(HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING);
-  rack_autoset(HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE);
-  rack_autoset(HTTP_CONNECTION);
-  rack_autoset(HTTP_HOST);
-
-  rack_set(HTTP_SCHEME, "http");
-  rack_set(HTTPS_SCHEME, "https");
-  rack_set(QUERY_ESTRING, "");
-  rack_set(R_URL_SCHEME, "rack.url_scheme");
-  rack_set(R_INPUT, "rack.input");
-  rack_set(XSENDFILE, "X-Sendfile");
-  rack_set(XSENDFILE_TYPE, "sendfile.type");
-  rack_set(XSENDFILE_TYPE_HEADER, "HTTP_X_SENDFILE_TYPE");
-  rack_set(CONTENT_LENGTH_HEADER, "Content-Length");
-
-  rack_set(IODINE_R_INPUT, "rack.input");
-  rack_set(IODINE_R_HIJACK_IO, "rack.hijack_io");
-  rack_set(IODINE_R_HIJACK, "rack.hijack");
-  rack_set(IODINE_R_HIJACK_CB, "iodine.hijack_cb");
-
-  rack_set(RACK_UPGRADE, "rack.upgrade");
-  rack_set(RACK_UPGRADE_Q, "rack.upgrade?");
-  rack_set_sym(RACK_UPGRADE_SSE, "sse");
-  rack_set_sym(RACK_UPGRADE_WEBSOCKET, "websocket");
-
-  UPGRADE_TCP = IodineStore.add(rb_str_new("upgrade.tcp", 11));
-
-  hijack_func_sym = ID2SYM(rb_intern("_hijack"));
-  close_method_id = rb_intern("close");
-  each_method_id = rb_intern("each");
-  attach_method_id = rb_intern("attach_fd");
-  iodine_call_proc_id = rb_intern("call");
-
-  IodineUTF8Encoding = rb_enc_find("UTF-8");
-  IodineBinaryEncoding = rb_enc_find("binary");
-
-  {
-    VALUE STRIO_CLASS = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("StringIO"));
-    IODINE_R_INPUT_DEFAULT = rb_str_new_static("", 0);
-    IODINE_R_INPUT_DEFAULT =
-        rb_funcallv(STRIO_CLASS, rb_intern("new"), 1, &IODINE_R_INPUT_DEFAULT);
-    rb_global_variable(&IODINE_R_INPUT_DEFAULT);
-  }
-  initialize_env_template();
-}