iode 0.0.1

checksums.yaml

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data/.gitignore

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+*.gem
+*.rbc
+.bundle
+.config
+.yardoc
+Gemfile.lock
+InstalledFiles
+_yardoc
+coverage
+doc/
+lib/bundler/man
+pkg
+rdoc
+spec/reports
+test/tmp
+test/version_tmp
+tmp

data/Gemfile

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+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+# Specify your gem's dependencies in iode.gemspec
+gemspec

data/LICENSE.txt

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data/README.md

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+# Iode RB
+
+An experimental lisp-family language hosted on Ruby.
+
+## Installation
+
+Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
+
+    gem 'iode'
+
+And then execute:
+
+    $ bundle
+
+Or install it yourself as:
+
+    $ gem install iode
+
+## Usage
+
+Firstly, please don't think that this project is a serious attempt to build
+some shiny new language that runs in Ruby. It is possible it may become that
+one day, but right now it exists purely for my own experimentation purposes.
+
+I am building a real language on the LLVM (currently in a private git repo),
+however I wanted a "quick and dirty" environment to hack together ideas for
+what the syntax and language features may include. Ruby is perfect for that.
+Once I have good ideas put down as working examples in this project, they will
+be ported upstream to the native JIT interpreter for LLVM.
+
+Currently this project just implements the guts of a functional lisp-family of
+languages. It will change considerably from the current implementation.
+
+### Command Line
+
+Program source files end in ".io". You can run them like so:
+
+```
+iode-rb path/to/file.io
+```
+
+Or you can send the source code to STDIN:
+
+```
+iode-rb < path/to/file.io
+```
+
+### In Ruby Code
+
+Using Iode from inside Ruby code can be interesting, as it will interoperate
+with Ruby.
+
+``` ruby
+require "iode"
+
+puts Iode.run <<-PROG
+(if ((lambda (x) x) false)
+  "x = true"
+  "x = false")
+PROG
+```
+
+The above code creates a lambda function that simply acts like the identity
+function (i.e. it returns its input). That lambda is then immediately applied
+with the input `false`, thereby returning `false`.
+
+The `if` form evaluates false and therefore evaluates the else part of the
+`if`, returning the string `"x = false"`.
+
+Here's another example showing how you can pass values from Ruby into Iode.
+
+``` ruby
+require "iode"
+
+prog = Iode.run <<-PROG
+(lambda (x)
+  (if x
+    42
+    7))
+PROG
+
+prog[false] #=> 7
+prog[true]  #=> 42
+```
+
+This works because internally, Iode lambdas as represented as Ruby Procs.
+
+Incidentally, that means you can even pass higher-order functions from Ruby
+to Iode.
+
+``` ruby
+require "iode"
+
+prog = Iode.run <<-PROG
+(lambda (f)
+  (if (f)
+    42
+    7))
+PROG
+
+prog.call(->(){ false }) #=> 7
+prog.call(->(){ true })  #=> 42
+```
+
+I'd show a more complex example if the language were more than 3 hours old!
+There are not even any mathematic operators or persistent definitions yet,
+though all the wiring is there, I just need to define a core library.
+
+## Copyright & Licensing
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See the LICENSE.txt file for
+full details.

data/Rakefile

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+require "bundler/gem_tasks"

data/bin/iode-rb

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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+# iode: bin/iode
+# 
+# Copyright 2014 Chris Corbyn <chris@w3style.co.uk>
+# 
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+# 
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# 
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+$:<<File.expand_path("../../lib", __FILE__)
+
+require "iode"
+
+case ARGV.length
+when 1
+  Iode.run(File.read(ARGV[0]))
+when 0
+  Iode.run(STDIN.read)
+else
+  puts <<-EOF.gsub(/^  /, "")
+  Iode Version #{Iode::VERSION}
+  Usage:
+      iode-rb <path>
+  EOF
+end

data/iode.gemspec

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+# coding: utf-8
+lib = File.expand_path('../lib', __FILE__)
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(lib) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(lib)
+require 'iode/version'
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+  spec.name          = "iode"
+  spec.version       = Iode::VERSION
+  spec.authors       = ["Chris Corbyn"]
+  spec.email         = ["chris@w3style.co.uk"]
+  spec.summary       = %q{An experimental lisp-family language hosted on Ruby}
+  spec.description   = <<-EOF
+  Iode is a work in progress real language on LLVM.
+  This Ruby Gem exists solely so the author can experiment with new language
+  features before committing those ideas to the real language. It is not
+  intended for general use, nor is it intended to be fast or concise.
+  EOF
+
+  spec.homepage      = "https://github.com/d11wtq/iode-rb"
+  spec.license       = "MIT"
+
+  spec.files         = `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0")
+  spec.executables   = spec.files.grep(%r{^bin/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
+  spec.test_files    = spec.files.grep(%r{^(test|spec|features)/})
+  spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
+
+  spec.add_runtime_dependency "whittle", "~> 0.0.8"
+
+  spec.add_development_dependency "bundler", "~> 1.5"
+  spec.add_development_dependency "rake"
+end

data/lib/iode.rb

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+# iode: iode.rb
+# 
+# Copyright 2014 Chris Corbyn <chris@w3style.co.uk>
+# 
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+# 
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# 
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+require "iode/version"
+require "iode/scope"
+require "iode/built_ins"
+require "iode/interpreter"
+require "iode/reader"
+
+module Iode
+  class << self
+    # Run a string of iode source code and return a value to Ruby.
+    #
+    # @param [String] source
+    #   iode source code
+    #
+    # @return [Object]
+    #   the return value of the program
+    def run(source)
+      Interpreter.new.eval(Reader.new.read(source))
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/iode/built_ins.rb

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+# iode: built_ins.rb
+# 
+# Copyright 2014 Chris Corbyn <chris@w3style.co.uk>
+# 
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+# 
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# 
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+module Iode
+  module BuiltIns
+    def car(list)
+      v, *_ = list
+      v
+    end
+
+    def cdr(list)
+      _, *v = list
+      v
+    end
+
+    def cadr(list)
+      car(cdr(list))
+    end
+
+    def cddr(list)
+      cdr(cdr(list))
+    end
+
+    def caddr(list)
+      car(cddr(list))
+    end
+
+    def cdddr(list)
+      cdr(cddr(list))
+    end
+
+    def cadddr(list)
+      car(cdddr(list))
+    end
+
+    def cddddr(list)
+      cdr(cdddr(list))
+    end
+
+    def caddddr(list)
+      car(cdddr(list))
+    end
+
+    def cdddddr(list)
+      cdr(cddddr(list))
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/iode/interpreter.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# iode: interpreter.rb
+# 
+# Copyright 2014 Chris Corbyn <chris@w3style.co.uk>
+# 
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+# 
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# 
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+module Iode
+  # Iode interpreter, providing the central #eval function.
+  class Interpreter
+    include BuiltIns # FIXME: Remove this coupling!
+
+    # Create a new Interpreter with a given Scope.
+    #
+    # @param [Scope] scope
+    #   the initial environment
+    def initialize(scope = Scope.new)
+      @env = scope
+    end
+
+    # Create an explicit progn block.
+    #
+    # A progn encapsulates a list of S-Expressions to be evaluated in sequence.
+    # The last evaluated S-Expression becomes the value of the progn.
+    #
+    # @param [Object...] *sexps
+    #   a list of S-Expressions to wrap in a progn
+    #
+    # @return [Object]
+    #   the value of the last S-Expression
+    def progn(*sexps)
+      sexps.inject(nil){|_,s| eval(s)}
+    end
+
+    # Create a new lambda for Iode.
+    #
+    # These lambdas act as closures in their environment.
+    #
+    # @param [Array] argnames
+    #   a list of argument names as function inputs
+    #
+    # @param [Object...] *sexps
+    #   variadic list of S-Expressions for the body
+    #
+    # @return [Proc]
+    #   a callable lambda
+    def lambda(argnames, *sexps)
+      Proc.new do |*args|
+        Interpreter.new(
+          @env.push_scope(Hash[argnames.zip(args)])
+        ).progn(*sexps)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Apply a function to its arguments.
+    #
+    # @param [Callable] fn
+    #   a Proc or a Lambda
+    #
+    # @param [Array] args
+    #   a list of arguments to apply with
+    #
+    # @return [Object]
+    #   the function return value
+    def apply(fn, args)
+      if fn.respond_to?(:call)
+        fn.call(*args)
+      else
+        raise "Cannot apply non-function `#{fn}`"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Given an iode data structure, execute it.
+    #
+    # @param [Object] sexp
+    #   any valid S-expression in iode
+    #
+    # @return [Object]
+    #   whatever the expression evaluates to
+    def eval(sexp)
+      case sexp
+      when Array
+        case car(sexp)
+        when nil
+          nil
+        when :quote
+          cadr(sexp)
+        when :if
+          if eval(cadr(sexp))
+            eval(caddr(sexp))
+          else
+            eval(cadddr(sexp))
+          end
+        when :progn
+          progn(*cdr(sexp))
+        when :set!
+          @env[cadr(sexp)] = eval(caddr(sexp))
+        when :lambda
+          lambda(cadr(sexp), *cddr(sexp))
+        else
+          apply(eval(car(sexp)), cdr(sexp).map(&method(:eval)))
+        end
+      when Symbol
+        @env[sexp]
+      else
+        sexp
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/iode/reader.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# iode: reader.rb
+# 
+# Copyright 2014 Chris Corbyn <chris@w3style.co.uk>
+# 
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+# 
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# 
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+require "whittle"
+
+module Iode
+  # Lisp reader, converting strings to lisp data structures.
+  class Reader < Whittle::Parser
+    # whitespace
+    rule(/\s+/).skip!
+
+    # comments
+    rule(/;.*/).skip!
+
+    # syntax
+    rule("(")
+    rule(")")
+
+    # scalars
+    {
+      float:  /[0-9]*\.[0-9]+/,
+      int:    /[0-9]+/,
+      string: /"(\\.|[^"])*"/,
+      regexp: /\/(\\.|[^\/])*\//
+    }.each do |name, pattern|
+      rule(name => pattern).as(&method(:eval))
+    end
+
+    # variables/symbols
+    rule(symbol: /[^\(\)\s;]+/).as do |v|
+      case v
+      when "nil"
+        nil
+      when "false"
+        false
+      when "true"
+        true
+      else
+        v.intern
+      end
+    end
+
+    # atoms
+    rule(:atom) do |r|
+      r[:int]
+      r[:float]
+      r[:string]
+      r[:symbol]
+    end
+
+    # lists of s-exps
+    rule(:sexp_list) do |r|
+      r[].as                 {[]}
+      r[:sexp].as            {|sexp| [sexp]}
+      r[:sexp_list, :sexp].as{|list, sexp| list << sexp}
+    end
+
+    # s-exprs
+    rule(:sexp) do |r|
+      r[:atom]
+      r["(", :sexp_list, ")"].as {|_, list, _| list}
+    end
+
+    # a valid program is a list of s-exprs
+    start(:sexp_list)
+
+    # Read a string in as lisp data.
+    #
+    # @param [String] source
+    #  iode source code to read in as lisp
+    #
+    # @return [Array]
+    #   the source code as data for execution
+    def read(source)
+      progn = parse(source)
+      if progn.length > 1
+        [:progn, *progn]
+      else
+        progn.first
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/iode/scope.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# iode: scope.rb
+# 
+# Copyright 2014 Chris Corbyn <chris@w3style.co.uk>
+# 
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+# 
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# 
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+module Iode
+  # Lexical scope environment for iode.
+  #
+  # Maintains a stack of execution contexts.
+  class Scope
+    # Create a new Scope with +values+ as available variables.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] values
+    #   key-values pairs of Symbol => Object
+    #
+    # @param [Scope] parent
+    #   the parent scope, if any
+    def initialize(values = {}, parent = nil)
+      @values = values
+      @parent = parent
+    end
+
+    # Reference a variable in this scope.
+    #
+    # Raises a RuntimeError if the variable does not exist.
+    #
+    # @param [Symbol] k
+    #   the variable name to lookup
+    #
+    # @return [Object]
+    #   the object stored in this variable
+    def [](k)
+      if @values.key?(k)
+        @values[k]
+      elsif @parent
+        @parent[k]
+      else
+        raise "Undefined variable `#{k}`"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Re-assign a variable in this scope.
+    #
+    # If the variable does not exist, it will be initialized.
+    #
+    # @param [Symbol] k
+    #   the variable name to assign
+    #
+    # @param [Object] v
+    #   the value to assign
+    #
+    # @return [Object]
+    #   the assigned object
+    def []=(k, v)
+      @values[k] = v
+    end
+
+    # Create a new Scope with this Scope as its parent.
+    #
+    # The new Scope will have access to all variables in this Scope,
+    # but assignments will only mask variables, not replace them.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] values
+    #   variables to exist in the new Scope
+    #
+    # @return [Scope]
+    #   a new Scope with this Scope as its parent
+    def push_scope(values = {})
+      Scope.new(values, self)
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/iode/version.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# iode: version.rb
+# 
+# Copyright 2014 Chris Corbyn <chris@w3style.co.uk>
+# 
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+# 
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# 
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+module Iode
+  VERSION = "0.0.1"
+end

metadata

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
+name: iode
+version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+  version: 0.0.1
+platform: ruby
+authors:
+- Chris Corbyn
+autorequire: 
+bindir: bin
+cert_chain: []
+date: 2014-03-17 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+dependencies:
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: whittle
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: 0.0.8
+  type: :runtime
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: 0.0.8
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: bundler
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '1.5'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '1.5'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rake
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+description: |2
+    Iode is a work in progress real language on LLVM.
+    This Ruby Gem exists solely so the author can experiment with new language
+    features before committing those ideas to the real language. It is not
+    intended for general use, nor is it intended to be fast or concise.
+email:
+- chris@w3style.co.uk
+executables:
+- iode-rb
+extensions: []
+extra_rdoc_files: []
+files:
+- ".gitignore"
+- Gemfile
+- LICENSE.txt
+- README.md
+- Rakefile
+- bin/iode-rb
+- iode.gemspec
+- lib/iode.rb
+- lib/iode/built_ins.rb
+- lib/iode/interpreter.rb
+- lib/iode/reader.rb
+- lib/iode/scope.rb
+- lib/iode/version.rb
+homepage: https://github.com/d11wtq/iode-rb
+licenses:
+- MIT
+metadata: {}
+post_install_message: 
+rdoc_options: []
+require_paths:
+- lib
+required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+requirements: []
+rubyforge_project: 
+rubygems_version: 2.2.0
+signing_key: 
+specification_version: 4
+summary: An experimental lisp-family language hosted on Ruby
+test_files: []