interval_notation 0.1.0

data/spec/interval_notation_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,881 @@
+require 'interval_notation'
+
+include IntervalNotation
+include IntervalNotation::BasicIntervals
+include IntervalNotation::Syntax::Short
+
+def each_combination_of_intervals(intervals)
+  basic_intervals = intervals.flat_map(&:intervals)
+  (1..basic_intervals.size / 2).each do |chunk_1_size|
+    indices = basic_intervals.size.times.to_a
+    indices.combination(chunk_1_size).each do |chunk_1_indices|
+      chunk_2_indices = indices - chunk_1_indices
+      chunk_1 = IntervalNotation::Operations.union(chunk_1_indices.map{|i| IntervalSet.new([basic_intervals[i]]) })
+      chunk_2 = IntervalNotation::Operations.union(chunk_2_indices.map{|i| IntervalSet.new([basic_intervals[i]]) })
+      yield chunk_1, chunk_2
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe IntervalNotation do
+  describe IntervalSet do
+    describe '.new' do
+      [ [OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3)],
+        [ClosedOpenInterval.new(1,3)],
+        [OpenClosedInterval.new(1,3)],
+        [ClosedClosedInterval.new(1,3)],
+        [Point.new(3)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 1)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 1), OpenOpenInterval.new(2,3)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(10, Float::INFINITY)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(2,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(10, Float::INFINITY)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), Point.new(4)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3,6)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(4,6)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), ClosedOpenInterval.new(4,6)],
+        [OpenClosedInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(4,6)],
+        [OpenClosedInterval.new(1,3), ClosedOpenInterval.new(4,6)],
+        [ClosedClosedInterval.new(1,3), ClosedClosedInterval.new(4,6)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3,6), ClosedClosedInterval.new(7,10), Point.new(11)]
+      ].each do |intervals|
+        it("IntervalSet.new(#{intervals.map(&:to_s).join(',')}) should not fail") do
+          expect{ IntervalSet.new(intervals) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+
+      [ [OpenOpenInterval.new(3,6), OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), Point.new(1)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), Point.new(0)],
+
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 1), OpenOpenInterval.new(0,3)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 1), OpenOpenInterval.new(-1,0)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 1), OpenOpenInterval.new(-1,1)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 1), Point.new(0)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 1), Point.new(1)],
+        [Point.new(2), OpenOpenInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 1)],
+        
+        [Point.new(11), OpenOpenInterval.new(10, Float::INFINITY)],
+        [Point.new(10), OpenOpenInterval.new(10, Float::INFINITY)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(10, Float::INFINITY), Point.new(11)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(10, Float::INFINITY), Point.new(9)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(10, Float::INFINITY), OpenOpenInterval.new(9,13)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(10, Float::INFINITY), OpenOpenInterval.new(11,13)],
+        
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), Point.new(3)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), ClosedOpenInterval.new(3,4)],
+        [OpenClosedInterval.new(1,3), ClosedOpenInterval.new(3,4)],
+        [OpenClosedInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3,4)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(1,4), OpenOpenInterval.new(1,4)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(1,4), OpenOpenInterval.new(2,3)],
+        [OpenOpenInterval.new(1,4), OpenOpenInterval.new(2,5)]
+      ].each do |intervals|
+        it("IntervalSet.new(#{intervals.map(&:to_s).join(',')}) should fail") do
+          expect{ IntervalSet.new(intervals) }.to raise_error(Error)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.to_s' do
+    {
+      Empty => '∅',
+      R => '(-∞;+∞)',
+      oo(1,3) => '(1;3)',
+      oc(1,3) => '(1;3]',
+      co(1,3) => '[1;3)',
+      cc(1,3) => '[1;3]',
+      lt(3) => '(-∞;3)',
+      le(3) => '(-∞;3]',
+      gt(3) => '(3;+∞)',
+      ge(3) => '[3;+∞)',
+      pt(2) => '{2}',
+      oo(1,3) | cc(4,5) => '(1;3)∪[4;5]',
+      oo(1,3) | pt(4) => '(1;3)∪{4}',
+      pt(-1) | oo(1,3) | pt(4) => '{-1}∪(1;3)∪{4}',
+      pt(1) | pt(4) => '{1}∪{4}',
+    }.each do |interval, str|
+      it "String representation #{interval.to_s} should eq #{str}" do
+        expect(interval.to_s).to eq str
+      end
+      it "Interval created by string representation #{interval.to_s} is the same as a source interval" do
+        expect(IntervalNotation::IntervalSet.from_string(interval.to_s)).to eq interval
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'IntervalNotation::IntervalSet.from_string' do
+    {
+      '∅' => Empty,
+      'Empty' => Empty,
+      'empty' => Empty,
+      '' => Empty,
+      'R' => R,
+      '3' => pt(3),
+      '-3' => pt(-3),
+      '{3}' => pt(3),
+      '{3,5}' => pt(3) | pt(5),
+      '{3;5}' => pt(3) | pt(5),
+      '{3}u{5}' => pt(3) | pt(5),
+      '{3}U{5}' => pt(3) | pt(5),
+      '{3}∪{5}' => pt(3) | pt(5),
+      '(0,1)' => oo(0,1),
+      '(0,1]' => oc(0,1),
+      '[0,1)' => co(0,1),
+      '[0,1]' => cc(0,1),
+      '(0,1)U(2,5.5)' => oo(0,1) | oo(2,5.5),
+      '(0;1)U(2;5.5)' => oo(0,1) | oo(2,5.5),
+      '(- 2; 5.5)' => oo(-2, 5.5),
+      '(-∞; ∞)' => R,
+      '(-∞; 1)' => lt(1),
+      '(-inf; 1)' => lt(1),
+      '(-infty; 1)' => lt(1),
+      '(-\infty; 1)' => lt(1),
+      '(-infinity; 1)' => lt(1),
+      '(1;∞)' => gt(1),
+      '(1;inf)' => gt(1),
+      '(1;infty)' => gt(1),
+      '(1;\infty)' => gt(1),
+      '(1;infinity)' => gt(1),
+      '(1;+∞)' => gt(1),
+      '[1;+∞)' => ge(1),
+      '[1;+inf)' => ge(1),
+      '[1;+infty)' => ge(1),
+      '[1;+\infty)' => ge(1),
+      '[1;+infinity)' => ge(1),
+    }.each do |str, interval|
+      it "IntervalNotation::IntervalSet.from_string from string #{str} should eq #{interval}" do
+        expect(IntervalNotation::IntervalSet.from_string(str)).to eq interval
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.union' do
+    [ [Empty],
+      [oo(1,3)],
+      [Empty, Empty],
+      [Empty, oo(1,3)],
+      [oo(1,3), Empty],
+      [oo(1,3), pt(3)],
+      [oo(1,3), pt(4)],
+      [oo(1,3), oo(5,6)],
+      [oo(1,3), oo(2,6)],
+      [oo(1,3), oo(3,6)],
+      [oo(1,3), co(3,6)],
+      [oc(1,3), oo(3,6)],
+      [oc(1,3), co(3,6)],
+      [oo(1,3), oo(3,6), oo(7,9)],
+      [oc(1,3), co(3,6), oo(7,9)],
+      [oo(1,3), pt(3), oo(3,5)],
+      [oo(1,3), oo(3,6), oo(7,9), oo(15,19), oc(123,190)],
+      [oo(1,3), oo(3,6), oo(7,9), oo(15,19), oc(123,190),cc(4,18)],
+      [lt(0),oo(1,3), oo(3,6), oo(7,9), oo(15,19), oc(123,190),cc(4,18),ge(180)],
+    ].each do |intervals|
+      it "IntervalNotation::Operations.union(#{intervals.map(&:to_s).join(',')}) should be equal to #{intervals.map(&:to_s).join('|')}" do
+        expect( IntervalNotation::Operations.union(intervals) ).to eq intervals.inject(&:|)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#empty?' do
+    {
+      Empty => true,
+      pt(1) => false,
+      pt(1)|pt(3) => false,
+      oo(1,5) => false,
+      oo(1,5)|pt(7) => false,
+      oo(1,3)|oo(3,5) => false,
+      oo(1,3)|oo(3,5)|cc(6,7) => false
+    }.each do |interval, answer|
+      it "#{interval}.empty? should be #{answer}" do
+        expect( interval.empty? ).to eq answer
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#union'  do
+    {
+      # Union of non-overlapping intervals
+      [pt(3), pt(5)] => IntervalSet.new([Point.new(3), Point.new(5)]),
+      [oo(1,3), pt(5)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), Point.new(5)]),
+      [oo(1,3), oo(3,5)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3,5)]),
+      [oo(1,3), oo(4,5)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(4,5)]),
+      [oo(3,5), oo(1,3)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3,5)]),
+      [oo(4,5), oo(1,3)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(4,5)]),
+      
+      [oo(1,3), oo(3,5), cc(7,9)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3,5), ClosedClosedInterval.new(7,9)]),
+      [oo(1,3), oo(3,5), oo(5,7)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3,5), OpenOpenInterval.new(5,7)]),
+      [oo(1,3), cc(7,9), oo(3,5)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3,5), ClosedClosedInterval.new(7,9)]),
+      [oo(1,3), oc(7,9), oo(3,5)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3,5), OpenClosedInterval.new(7,9)]),
+      [oo(1,3), co(7,9), oo(3,5)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3,5), ClosedOpenInterval.new(7,9)]),
+      [oo(1,3), ge(7), oo(3,5)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3,5), ClosedOpenInterval.new(7,Float::INFINITY)]),
+      [oo(1,3), gt(7), oo(3,5),le(0)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenClosedInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY,0), OpenOpenInterval.new(1,3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3,5), OpenOpenInterval.new(7,Float::INFINITY)]),
+
+      # union with empty interval
+      [oo(1,3), Empty] => oo(1,3),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5)|cc(7,9), Empty] => oo(1,3)|oo(3,5)|cc(7,9),
+
+      # interval united with point
+      [oo(1,3), pt(2)] => oo(1,3),
+      [oo(1,3), pt(1)] => co(1,3),
+      [co(1,3), pt(1)] => co(1,3),
+      [oo(1,3), pt(0)] => pt(0)|oo(1,3),
+
+      # union with almost the same interval
+      [pt(3), pt(3)] => pt(3),
+      [pt(3)|pt(5), pt(3)|pt(5)] => pt(3)|pt(5),
+      [oo(1,3), oo(1,3)] => oo(1,3),
+      [oo(1,3), oc(1,3)] => oc(1,3),
+      [oo(1,3), co(1,3)] => co(1,3),
+      [oo(1,3), cc(1,3)] => cc(1,3),
+
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(5,7), oo(1,3)|oo(5,7)] => oo(1,3)|oo(5,7),
+      [oo(1,3)|co(5,7), oo(1,3)|oo(5,7)] => oo(1,3)|co(5,7),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(5,7), oo(1,3)|co(5,7)] => oo(1,3)|co(5,7),
+      [oo(1,3)|co(5,7), oo(1,3)|co(5,7)] => oo(1,3)|co(5,7),
+
+      [pt(3)|pt(5), pt(3)|pt(7)] => pt(3)|pt(5)|pt(7),
+    }.merge({ # too long hash to be one hash
+      # infinite intervals
+      # gt
+      [gt(3), oo(1,2)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1, 2), OpenOpenInterval.new(3, Float::INFINITY)]),
+      [gt(3), oo(1,3)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1, 3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3, Float::INFINITY)]),
+      [gt(3), co(1,3)] => IntervalSet.new([ClosedOpenInterval.new(1, 3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3, Float::INFINITY)]),
+      [gt(3), oc(1,3)] => gt(1),
+      [gt(3), cc(1,3)] => ge(1),
+
+      [gt(3), oo(2,5)] => gt(2),
+      [gt(3), co(2,5)] => ge(2),
+      [gt(3), co(4,5)] => gt(3),
+      [gt(3), oo(4,5)] => gt(3),
+      [gt(3), oo(3,5)] => gt(3),
+      [gt(3), co(3,5)] => ge(3),
+      [gt(3), pt(2)] => IntervalSet.new([Point.new(2), OpenOpenInterval.new(3, Float::INFINITY)]),
+      [gt(3), pt(3)] => ge(3),
+      [gt(3), pt(4)] => gt(3),
+
+      # ge
+      [ge(3), oo(1,2)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1, 2), ClosedOpenInterval.new(3, Float::INFINITY)]),
+      [ge(3), oo(1,3)] => gt(1),
+      [ge(3), co(1,3)] => ge(1),
+      [ge(3), oc(1,3)] => gt(1),
+      [ge(3), cc(1,3)] => ge(1),
+      
+      [ge(3), oo(2,5)] => gt(2),
+      [ge(3), co(2,5)] => ge(2),
+      [ge(3), co(4,5)] => ge(3),
+      [ge(3), oo(4,5)] => ge(3),
+      [ge(3), oo(3,5)] => ge(3),
+      [ge(3), co(3,5)] => ge(3),     
+      [ge(3), pt(2)] => IntervalSet.new([Point.new(2), ClosedOpenInterval.new(3, Float::INFINITY)]),
+      [ge(3), pt(3)] => ge(3),
+      [ge(3), pt(4)] => ge(3),
+
+      # lt
+      [lt(3), oo(4,5)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 3), OpenOpenInterval.new(4, 5)]),
+      [lt(3), oo(3,5)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3, 5)]),
+      [lt(3), co(3,5)] => lt(5),
+      [lt(3), oc(3,5)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 3), OpenClosedInterval.new(3, 5)]),
+      [lt(3), cc(3,5)] => le(5),
+
+      [lt(3), oo(1,2)] => lt(3),
+      [lt(3), oo(1,3)] => lt(3),
+      [lt(3), oo(1,4)] => lt(4),
+      [lt(3), oc(1,2)] => lt(3),
+      [lt(3), oc(1,3)] => le(3),
+      [lt(3), oc(1,4)] => le(4),
+      [lt(3), pt(2)] => lt(3),
+      [lt(3), pt(3)] => le(3),
+      [lt(3), pt(4)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 3), Point.new(4)]),
+
+      # le
+      [le(3), oo(4,5)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenClosedInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 3), OpenOpenInterval.new(4, 5)]),
+      [le(3), oo(3,5)] => lt(5),
+      [le(3), co(3,5)] => lt(5),
+      [le(3), oc(3,5)] => le(5),
+      [le(3), cc(3,5)] => le(5),
+
+      [le(3), oo(1,2)] => le(3),
+      [le(3), oo(1,3)] => le(3),
+      [le(3), oo(1,4)] => lt(4),
+      [le(3), oc(1,2)] => le(3),
+      [le(3), oc(1,3)] => le(3),
+      [le(3), oc(1,4)] => le(4),
+      [le(3), pt(2)] => le(3),
+      [le(3), pt(3)] => le(3),
+      [le(3), pt(4)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenClosedInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 3), Point.new(4)]),
+
+      # both infinite
+      [lt(3), gt(4)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 3), OpenOpenInterval.new(4, Float::INFINITY)]),
+      [lt(3), gt(3)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(-Float::INFINITY, 3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3, Float::INFINITY)]),
+      [lt(3), ge(3)] => R,
+      [le(3), gt(3)] => R,
+      [le(3), ge(3)] => R,
+      [lt(3), gt(2)] => R,
+    }).merge({ # too long hash to be one hash
+      # non-adjacent
+      [oo(1,3), oo(5,6)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1, 3), OpenOpenInterval.new(5, 6)]),
+      
+      # adjacent
+      [oo(1,3), oo(3,6)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(1, 3), OpenOpenInterval.new(3, 6)]),
+      [oo(1,3), co(3,6)] => oo(1,6),
+      [oc(1,3), oo(3,6)] => oo(1,6),
+      [oc(1,3), co(3,6)] => oo(1,6),
+      [oo(1,3), oo(0,1)] => IntervalSet.new([OpenOpenInterval.new(0, 1), OpenOpenInterval.new(1, 3)]),
+      [oo(1,3), oc(0,1)] => oo(0,3),
+      [co(1,3), oo(0,1)] => oo(0,3),
+      [co(1,3), oc(0,1)] => oo(0,3),
+
+      # overlapping
+      [oo(1,3), oo(2,6)] => oo(1,6),
+      [oo(1,3), co(2,6)] => oo(1,6),
+      [oc(1,3), oo(2,6)] => oo(1,6),
+      [oc(1,3), co(2,6)] => oo(1,6),
+      [oo(1,3), oo(0,2)] => oo(0,3),
+      [oo(1,3), oc(0,2)] => oo(0,3),
+      [co(1,3), oo(0,2)] => oo(0,3),
+      [co(1,3), oc(0,2)] => oo(0,3),
+
+      # inside
+      [oo(1,4), oo(1,4)] => oo(1,4),
+      [oo(1,4), oo(1,3)] => oo(1,4),
+      [oo(1,4), oo(2,4)] => oo(1,4),
+
+      [oo(1,4), oo(2,3)] => oo(1,4),
+      [oo(1,4), co(2,3)] => oo(1,4),
+      [oo(1,4), oc(2,3)] => oo(1,4),
+      [oo(1,4), cc(2,3)] => oo(1,4),
+
+
+      # almost inside
+      [oo(1,4), oc(1,4)] => oc(1,4),
+      [oo(1,4), co(1,4)] => co(1,4),
+      [oo(1,4), oc(1,4)] => oc(1,4),
+      [oo(1,4), cc(1,4)] => cc(1,4),
+      [oo(1,4), co(1,3)] => co(1,4),
+      [oo(1,4), oc(2,4)] => oc(1,4),
+
+      # outside and almost outside
+      [oo(1,4), oo(0,5)] => oo(0,5),
+      [oo(1,4), cc(0,5)] => cc(0,5),
+      [oo(1,4), oo(0,4)] => oo(0,4),
+      [oo(1,4), oo(1,5)] => oo(1,5),
+      [oo(1,4), co(1,5)] => co(1,5),
+      [oo(1,4), oc(0,4)] => oc(0,4),
+
+      # union of interval set with the deleted point with another interval
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), pt(2)] => oo(1,3)|oo(3,5),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), pt(3)] => oo(1,5),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(1,3)] => oo(1,3)|oo(3,5),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(3,5)] => oo(1,3)|oo(3,5),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(1.5,2.5)] => oo(1,3)|oo(3,5),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(3,6)] => oo(1,3)|oo(3,6),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(4,6)] => oo(1,3)|oo(3,6),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(0,3)] => oo(0,3)|oo(3,5),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(0,2)] => oo(0,3)|oo(3,5),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(0,6)] => oo(0,6),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(1,5)] => oo(1,5),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(2,4)] => oo(1,5),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), cc(2,4)] => oo(1,5),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oc(1,3)] => oo(1,5),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oc(2,3)] => oo(1,5),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), co(3,4)] => oo(1,5),
+    }).merge({ # too long hash to be one hash
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(5,7), oo(3,5)] => oo(1,3) | oo(3,5) | oo(5,7),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(5,7), co(3,5)] => oo(1,5) | oo(5,7),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(5,7), oc(3,5)] => oo(1,3) | oo(3,7),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(5,7), cc(3,5)] => oo(1,7),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(5,7)|oo(11,13), oo(3,5)|oo(7,11)] => oo(1,3)|oo(3,5)|oo(5,7)|oo(7,11)|oo(11,13),
+      [oo(1,3)|cc(5,7)|oo(11,13), oo(3,5)|oo(7,11)] => oo(1,3)|oo(3,11)|oo(11,13),
+
+      # each interval is interval set
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(2,3)|oo(3,7)] => oo(1,3)|oo(3,7),
+      [oo(1,5), oo(2,3)|oo(3,7)] => (oo(1,7)),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(2,7)] => (oo(1,7)),
+
+
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(5,7), oo(3,5)] => oo(1,3)|oo(3,5)|oo(5,7),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(5,7), co(3,5)] => oo(1,5)|oo(5,7),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(5,7), cc(3,5)] => oo(1,7),
+    }).each do |intervals, answer|
+      it "IntervalNotation::Operations.union(#{intervals.map(&:to_s).join(',')} should equal #{answer}" do
+        expect( IntervalNotation::Operations.union(intervals) ).to eq answer
+      end
+
+      it "IntervalNotation::Operations.union(#{intervals.map(&:to_s).join(',')} should equal consequent unite: #{intervals.map(&:to_s).join('|')}" do
+        expect( IntervalNotation::Operations.union(intervals) ).to eq intervals.inject(&:union)
+      end
+
+      if intervals.size == 2
+        interval_1, interval_2 = intervals
+        it "#{interval_1} | #{interval_2} should equal #{answer}" do
+          expect( interval_1.union(interval_2) ).to eq answer
+        end
+      end
+
+      each_combination_of_intervals(intervals) do |chunk_1, chunk_2|
+        it "#{chunk_1}.union(#{chunk_2}) should be equal to #{answer}" do
+          expect( chunk_1.union(chunk_2) ).to eq answer
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  describe '#intersection'  do
+    {
+      [oo(1,3), oo(1,3)] => oo(1,3),
+      [oo(1,3), oc(1,3)] => oo(1,3),
+      [oo(1,3), co(1,3)] => oo(1,3),
+      [oo(1,3), cc(1,3)] => oo(1,3),
+
+      [pt(2), pt(3)] => Empty,
+      [pt(3), pt(3)] => pt(3),
+      [pt(3)|pt(5), pt(3)|pt(5)] => pt(3)|pt(5),
+      [pt(3)|pt(5), pt(3)|pt(7)] => pt(3),
+
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(5,7), oo(1,3)|oo(5,7)] => oo(1,3)|oo(5,7),
+      [oo(1,3)|co(5,7), oo(1,3)|oo(5,7)] => oo(1,3)|oo(5,7),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(5,7), oo(1,3)|co(5,7)] => oo(1,3)|oo(5,7),
+      [oo(1,3)|co(5,7), oo(1,3)|co(5,7)] => oo(1,3)|co(5,7),
+
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(1,3)] => oo(1,3),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(1,3)|oo(7,9)] => oo(1,3),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(3,5)] => oo(3,5),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(1,3)|oo(3,5)] => oo(1,3)|oo(3,5),
+
+      [oo(1,3), oo(4,5)] => Empty,
+      [oo(1,3), oo(3,5)] => Empty,
+      [oo(1,3), co(3,5)] => Empty,
+      [oc(1,3), oo(3,5)] => Empty,
+      [oc(1,3), co(3,5)] => pt(3),
+      
+      [oo(1,3), oo(0,5)] => oo(1,3),
+      [oc(1,3), oo(0,5)] => oc(1,3),
+      [co(1,3), oo(0,5)] => co(1,3),
+      [cc(1,3), oo(0,5)] => cc(1,3),
+
+      [oo(1,3), oo(1,5)] => oo(1,3),
+      [co(1,3), oo(1,5)] => oo(1,3),
+      [oc(1,3), oo(1,5)] => oc(1,3),
+      [cc(1,3), oo(1,5)] => oc(1,3),
+      [co(3,5), oo(1,5)] => co(3,5),
+
+      [oo(1,3), oo(2,5)] => oo(2,3),
+      [oc(1,3), oo(2,5)] => oc(2,3),
+      [oo(1,3), co(2,5)] => co(2,3),
+      [oc(1,3), co(2,5)] => cc(2,3),
+
+      [oo(1,3), pt(2)] => pt(2),
+      [oo(1,3), pt(3)] => Empty,
+      [oc(1,3), pt(3)] => pt(3),
+      [oo(1,3), pt(4)] => Empty,
+      [oc(1,3), pt(4)] => Empty,
+
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(2,3)|oo(3,7)] => oo(2,3)|oo(3,5),
+      [oo(1,3)|oo(3,5), oo(2,7)] => oo(2,3)|oo(3,5),
+
+      [oo(2,6), oo(1,3)|co(5,7)] => oo(2,3)|co(5,6),
+      [oo(1,6), oo(1,3)|co(5,7)] => oo(1,3)|co(5,6),
+      [oo(0,6), oo(1,3)|co(5,7)] => oo(1,3)|co(5,6),
+      [oo(0,6), oo(1,3)|co(5,6)] => oo(1,3)|co(5,6),
+
+
+    }.each do |intervals, answer|
+      it "IntervalNotation::Operations.intersection(#{intervals.map(&:to_s).join(',')} should equal #{answer}" do
+        expect( IntervalNotation::Operations.intersection(intervals) ).to eq answer
+      end
+
+      it "IntervalNotation::Operations.intersection(#{intervals.map(&:to_s).join(',')} should equal consequent unite: #{intervals.map(&:to_s).join('&')}" do
+        expect( IntervalNotation::Operations.intersection(intervals) ).to eq intervals.inject(&:intersection)
+      end
+
+      if intervals.size == 2
+        interval_1, interval_2 = intervals
+        it "#{interval_1} & #{interval_2} should equal #{answer}" do
+          expect( interval_1.intersection(interval_2) ).to eq answer
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    {
+      [oo(1,3), oo(1,3), oo(1,3)] => oo(1,3),
+      [oo(1,3), cc(1,3), oo(1,3)] => oo(1,3),
+      [oo(1,3), cc(0,5), cc(1,3)] => oo(1,3),
+      [cc(1,5), cc(3,7), cc(1,3)|cc(5,7)] => pt(3)|pt(5),
+      [oo(1,5), oo(3,7), oo(1,3)|oo(5,7)] => Empty,
+      [oo(1,5), oc(1,3), co(3,5)] => pt(3)
+    }.each do |intervals, answer|
+      it "#{intervals.map(&:to_s).join('&')} should equal #{answer}" do
+        expect( IntervalNotation::Operations.intersection(intervals) ).to eq answer
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#subtract' do
+    {
+      [oo(1,5)|oo(6,8),(oo(1,5))] => oo(6,8),
+      [oo(1,5)|oo(6,8),(oo(1,8))] => Empty,
+      [oo(1,5)|oo(6,8),(cc(1,5))] => oo(6,8),
+      [oo(1,5),cc(2,3)] => oo(1,2)|oo(3,5),
+      [oo(1,5),oo(2,3)] => oc(1,2)|co(3,5),
+      [oo(1,5),oo(1,3)] => co(3,5),
+      [oo(1,5),pt(0)] => oo(1,5),
+      [oo(1,5),pt(1)] => oo(1,5),
+      [co(1,5),pt(1)] => oo(1,5),
+      [oo(1,5),pt(3)] => oo(1,3)|oo(3,5),
+      [cc(1,5),oo(1,3)] => pt(1)|cc(3,5),
+      [cc(1,5),co(1,3)] => cc(3,5),
+      [oo(1,5),cc(1,3)] => oo(3,5),
+      [oo(1,5),oo(0,3)] => co(3,5),
+      [oo(1,5),oo(0,2)|oo(3,4)] => cc(2,3)|co(4,5),
+      [R,oo(1,5)] => le(1)|ge(5),
+      [R,oc(1,5)] => le(1)|gt(5),
+      [R,co(1,5)] => lt(1)|ge(5),
+      [R,pt(3)] => lt(3)|gt(3),
+      [R,Empty] => R,
+      [R,R] => Empty,
+      [oo(1,5),R] => Empty,
+      [pt(3),R] => Empty,
+      [oo(1,3)|pt(5)|cc(7,10),R] => Empty,
+      [Empty,R] => Empty,
+      [Empty,pt(3)] => Empty,
+      [Empty,oo(1,3)] => Empty,
+    }.each do |(interval_1, interval_2), answer|
+      it "#{interval_1} - #{interval_2} should equal #{answer}" do
+        expect( interval_1.subtract(interval_2) ).to eq answer
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#symmetric_difference' do
+    {
+      [oo(1,3),oo(1,3)] => Empty,
+      [cc(1,3),cc(1,3)] => Empty,
+      [cc(1,3),pt(2)] => co(1,2)|oc(2,3),
+      [cc(1,3),oo(1,3)] => pt(1)|pt(3),
+      [oo(1,4),oo(2,3)] => oc(1,2)|co(3,4),
+      [oo(1,4),cc(2,3)] => oo(1,2)|oo(3,4),
+      [oo(1,4),Empty] => oo(1,4),
+      [oo(1,4),R] => le(1)|ge(4),
+    }.each do |(interval_1, interval_2), answer|
+      it "#{interval_1} ^ #{interval_2} should equal #{answer}" do
+        expect( interval_1.symmetric_difference(interval_2) ).to eq answer
+      end
+      it "#{interval_2} ^ #{interval_1} should equal #{answer}" do
+        expect( interval_2.symmetric_difference(interval_1) ).to eq answer
+      end
+      it "#{interval_1} ^ #{answer} should equal #{interval_2}" do
+        expect( interval_1.symmetric_difference(answer) ).to eq interval_2
+      end
+      it "#{interval_2} ^ #{answer} should equal #{interval_1}" do
+        expect( interval_2.symmetric_difference(answer) ).to eq interval_1
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#complement' do
+    {
+      oo(1,3)|cc(5,6) => le(1)|co(3,5)|gt(6),
+      oo(1,5) => le(1)|ge(5),
+      oc(1,5) => le(1)|gt(5),
+      co(1,5) => lt(1)|ge(5),
+      pt(3) => lt(3)|gt(3),
+      Empty => R,
+      R => Empty,
+    }.each do |interval, answer|
+      it "#{interval}.complement should equal #{answer}" do
+        expect( interval.complement ).to eq answer
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#include_position?' do
+    {
+      [oo(1,3), -100] => false,
+      [oo(1,3), 0] => false,
+      [oo(1,3), 1] => false,
+      [oo(1,3), 2] => true,
+      [oo(1,3), 3] => false,
+      [oo(1,3), 4] => false,
+      [oo(1,3), 100] => false,
+
+      [co(1,3), -100] => false,
+      [co(1,3), 0] => false,
+      [co(1,3), 1] => true,
+      [co(1,3), 2] => true,
+      [co(1,3), 3] => false,
+      [co(1,3), 4] => false,
+      [co(1,3), 100] => false,
+
+      [oc(1,3), -100] => false,
+      [oc(1,3), 0] => false,
+      [oc(1,3), 1] => false,
+      [oc(1,3), 2] => true,
+      [oc(1,3), 3] => true,
+      [oc(1,3), 4] => false,
+      [oc(1,3), 100] => false,
+
+      [cc(1,3), -100] => false,
+      [cc(1,3), 0] => false,
+      [cc(1,3), 1] => true,
+      [cc(1,3), 2] => true,
+      [cc(1,3), 3] => true,
+      [cc(1,3), 4] => false,
+      [cc(1,3), 100] => false,
+
+      [cc(0,2)|pt(4)|pt(6)|cc(8,10), -1] => false,
+      [cc(0,2)|pt(4)|pt(6)|cc(8,10), 0] => true,
+      [cc(0,2)|pt(4)|pt(6)|cc(8,10), 1] => true,
+      [cc(0,2)|pt(4)|pt(6)|cc(8,10), 2] => true,
+      [cc(0,2)|pt(4)|pt(6)|cc(8,10), 3] => false,
+      [cc(0,2)|pt(4)|pt(6)|cc(8,10), 4] => true,
+      [cc(0,2)|pt(4)|pt(6)|cc(8,10), 5] => false,
+      [cc(0,2)|pt(4)|pt(6)|cc(8,10), 6] => true,
+      [cc(0,2)|pt(4)|pt(6)|cc(8,10), 7] => false,
+      [cc(0,2)|pt(4)|pt(6)|cc(8,10), 8] => true,
+      [cc(0,2)|pt(4)|pt(6)|cc(8,10), 9] => true,
+      [cc(0,2)|pt(4)|pt(6)|cc(8,10), 10] => true,
+      [cc(0,2)|pt(4)|pt(6)|cc(8,10), 11] => false,
+
+      [lt(-10)|cc(1,3)|ge(10), -1000] => true,
+      [lt(-10)|cc(1,3)|ge(10), -11] => true,
+      [lt(-10)|cc(1,3)|ge(10), -10] => false,
+      [lt(-10)|cc(1,3)|ge(10), -9] => false,
+      [lt(-10)|cc(1,3)|ge(10), 0] => false,
+      [lt(-10)|cc(1,3)|ge(10), 1] => true,
+      [lt(-10)|cc(1,3)|ge(10), 2] => true,
+      [lt(-10)|cc(1,3)|ge(10), 3] => true,
+      [lt(-10)|cc(1,3)|ge(10), 4] => false,
+      [lt(-10)|cc(1,3)|ge(10), 9] => false,
+      [lt(-10)|cc(1,3)|ge(10), 10] => true,
+      [lt(-10)|cc(1,3)|ge(10), 11] => true,
+      [lt(-10)|cc(1,3)|ge(10), 1000] => true,
+    }.each do |(interval, point), answer|
+      if answer
+        it "#{interval}.include_position?(#{point}) should be truthy" do
+          expect( interval.include_position?(point) ).to be_truthy
+        end
+      else
+        it "#{interval}.include_position?(#{point}) should be falsy" do
+          expect( interval.include_position?(point) ).to be_falsy
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#contain? / contained_by?' do 
+    {
+      [oo(1,3), oo(1,2)] => true,
+      [oo(1,3), oo(1.5,2.5)] => true,
+      [oo(1,3), cc(1.5,2.5)] => true,
+      [oo(1,3), oo(2,3)] => true,
+      [oo(1,3), oo(1,3)] => true,
+      [cc(1,3), oo(1,3)] => true,
+      [cc(1,3), cc(1,3)] => true,
+      [oo(1,3), cc(1,3)] => false,
+      [oo(1,3), co(1,3)] => false,
+      [oo(1,3)|pt(4)|cc(8,10), oo(1,3)|oc(9,10) ] => true,
+      [oo(1,3)|pt(4)|cc(8,10), oo(1,3)|pt(4) ] => true,
+      [oo(1,3)|pt(4)|cc(8,10), oo(1,3)|pt(5) ] => false,
+      [oo(1,3)|pt(4)|cc(8,10), oo(1,3)|pt(8) ] => true,
+      [lt(10), oo(1,3)] => true,
+      [lt(10), oo(10,11)] => false,
+      [le(10), oo(10,11)] => false,
+    }.each do |(interval_1, interval_2), answer|
+      if answer
+        it "#{interval_1}.contain?(#{interval_2}) should be truthy" do
+          expect( interval_1.contain?(interval_2) ).to be_truthy
+        end
+        it "#{interval_2}.contained_by?(#{interval_1}) should be truthy" do
+          expect( interval_2.contained_by?(interval_1) ).to be_truthy
+        end
+      else
+        it "#{interval_1}.contain?(#{interval_2}) should be falsy" do
+          expect( interval_1.contain?(interval_2) ).to be_falsy
+        end
+        it "#{interval_2}.contained_by?(#{interval_1}) should be falsy" do
+          expect( interval_2.contained_by?(interval_1) ).to be_falsy
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#intersect?' do 
+    {
+      [oo(1,3), oo(1,2)] => true,
+      [oo(1,3), oo(1,3)] => true,
+      [oo(1,3), cc(1.5,2.5)] => true,
+      
+      [oo(1,3), oo(3,4)] => false,
+      [oc(1,3), oo(3,4)] => false,
+      [oo(1,3), co(3,4)] => false,
+      [oc(1,3), co(3,4)] => true,
+
+      [oo(1,3), oo(4,5)] => false,
+      [cc(1,3), cc(4,5)] => false,
+      [cc(1,3), pt(2)|cc(4,5)] => true,
+      [co(1,3), pt(2)|cc(4,5)] => true,
+      [cc(1,3), pt(3)|cc(4,5)] => true,
+      [co(1,3), pt(3)|cc(4,5)] => false,
+      [cc(1,3), cc(4,5)|pt(6)] => false,
+
+      [lt(10), oo(1,3)] => true,
+      [lt(10), oo(11,12)] => false,
+      [lt(10), oo(10,11)] => false,
+      [le(10), co(10,11)] => true,
+      [le(10), le(9)] => true,
+      [le(10), le(11)] => true,
+      [le(10), ge(11)] => false,
+      [le(10), ge(10)] => true,
+      [le(10), gt(10)] => false,
+      [le(10), gt(11)] => false,
+    }.each do |(interval_1, interval_2), answer|
+      if answer
+        it "#{interval_1}.intersect?(#{interval_2}) should be truthy" do
+          expect( interval_1.intersect?(interval_2) ).to be_truthy
+        end
+      else
+        it "#{interval_1}.intersect?(#{interval_2}) should be falsy" do
+          expect( interval_1.intersect?(interval_2) ).to be_falsy
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#contiguous?' do
+    it 'Empty interval is treated as contiguous' do
+      expect(Empty).to be_contiguous
+    end
+    
+    it 'Single component intervals are treated as contiguous' do
+      expect(R).to be_contiguous
+      expect(oo(1,3)).to be_contiguous
+      expect(cc(1,3)).to be_contiguous
+      expect(lt(3)).to be_contiguous
+      expect(ge(3)).to be_contiguous
+      expect(pt(3)).to be_contiguous
+    end
+
+    it 'Several components intervals are treated as contiguous' do
+      expect(oo(1,3)|oo(3,5)).not_to be_contiguous
+      expect(oo(1,3)|oo(3,5)|oo(10,15)).not_to be_contiguous
+      expect(oo(1,3)|pt(5)).not_to be_contiguous
+      expect(cc(1,3)|pt(5)).not_to be_contiguous
+      expect(cc(1,3)|ge(5)).not_to be_contiguous
+      expect(pt(3)|ge(5)).not_to be_contiguous
+      expect(lt(3)|ge(5)).not_to be_contiguous
+      expect(pt(3)|pt(5)).not_to be_contiguous
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#num_connected_components' do
+    {
+      oo(1,3) => 1,
+      oc(1,3) => 1,
+      co(1,3) => 1,
+      cc(1,3) => 1,
+      oo(1,3) | oo(3,6) => 2,
+      oo(1,3) | oo(5,8) => 2,
+      oo(1,3) | oo(3,6) | cc(10,15) => 3,
+      oo(1,3) | pt(4) | oo(5,8) => 3,
+      Empty => 0,
+      pt(3) => 1,
+      pt(3) | pt(5) => 2,
+      lt(3) => 1,
+      le(3) => 1,
+      gt(3) => 1,
+      ge(3) => 1,
+      R => 1,
+    }.each do |interval, answer|
+      it "#{interval}.num_connected_components should equal #{answer}" do
+        expect(interval.num_connected_components).to eq answer
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#total_length' do
+    {
+      oo(1,3) => 2,
+      oc(1,3) => 2,
+      co(1,3) => 2,
+      cc(1,3) => 2,
+      oo(1,3) | oo(3,6) => 5,
+      oo(1,3) | oo(5,8) => 5,
+      oo(1,3) | pt(4) | oo(5,8) => 5,
+      Empty => 0,
+      pt(3) => 0,
+      pt(3) | pt(5) => 0,
+      lt(3) => Float::INFINITY,
+      le(3) => Float::INFINITY,
+      gt(3) => Float::INFINITY,
+      ge(3) => Float::INFINITY,
+      R => Float::INFINITY,
+    }.each do |interval, answer|
+      it "#{interval}.total_length should equal #{answer}" do
+        expect(interval.total_length).to eq answer
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#covering_interval' do
+    {
+      Empty => Empty,
+      oo(1,3) => oo(1,3),
+      oc(1,3) => oc(1,3),
+      co(1,3) => co(1,3),
+      cc(1,3) => cc(1,3),
+      pt(3) => pt(3),
+      lt(3) => lt(3),
+      le(3) => le(3),
+      gt(3) => gt(3),
+      ge(3) => ge(3),
+      R => R,
+      pt(3) | pt(4) => cc(3,4),
+      oo(1,3) | pt(4) => oc(1,4),
+      pt(0) | oo(1,3) | pt(4) => cc(0,4),
+      pt(0) | oc(1,3) => cc(0,3),
+      oo(1,3) | oo(3,6) => oo(1,6),
+      oo(1,3) | oc(3,6) => oc(1,6),
+      oo(1,3) | oc(5,8) => oc(1,8),
+      co(1,3) | oc(5,8) => cc(1,8),
+      cc(1,3) | cc(5,8) => cc(1,8),
+      oo(1,3) | oo(3,6) | cc(10,15) => oc(1,15),
+      oo(1,3) | pt(4) | oo(5,8) => oo(1,8),
+    }.each do |interval, answer|
+      it "#{interval}.covering_interval should equal #{answer}" do
+        expect(interval.covering_interval).to eq answer
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#closure' do
+    {
+      Empty => Empty,
+      oo(1,3) => cc(1,3),
+      oc(1,3) => cc(1,3),
+      co(1,3) => cc(1,3),
+      cc(1,3) => cc(1,3),
+      pt(3) => pt(3),
+      lt(3) => le(3),
+      le(3) => le(3),
+      gt(3) => ge(3),
+      ge(3) => ge(3),
+      lt(3) | gt(3) => R,
+      lt(3) | gt(4) => le(3) | ge(4),
+      oo(1,3) | oo(4,5) => cc(1,3) | cc(4,5),
+      oc(1,3) | co(4,5) => cc(1,3) | cc(4,5),
+      R => R,
+      oo(1,3) | pt(4) => cc(1,3) | pt(4),
+      pt(3) | pt(4) => pt(3) | pt(4),
+      oo(1,3) | oo(3,4) => cc(1,4),
+      co(1,3) | oc(3,4) => cc(1,4),
+      oo(1,3) | oo(3,6) | cc(10,15) => cc(1,6) | cc(10,15),
+      oo(1,3) | oo(3,6) | gt(10) => cc(1,6) | ge(10),
+      oo(1,3) | pt(4) | oo(5,8) => cc(1,3) | pt(4) | cc(5,8),
+    }.each do |interval, answer|
+      it "#{interval}.covering_interval should equal #{answer}" do
+        expect(interval.closure).to eq answer
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end