interactor-validation 0.1.1 → 0.2.0

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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,62 @@
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [0.2.0] - 2024-11-16
+
+### Security
+
+- **CRITICAL:** Added ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service) protection with configurable timeout
+- **HIGH:** Fixed thread safety issues in validation rule registration using mutex locks
+- Added memory protection with configurable maximum array size for nested validations
+- Added regex pattern caching to prevent recompilation attacks
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Fixed numeric precision loss bug - now uses `to_i` for integers and `to_f` for floats
+- Fixed ambiguous handling of `nil` vs missing hash keys in nested validation
+- Improved boolean validation to properly distinguish between `nil`, `false`, and missing values
+
+### Performance Improvements
+
+- Implemented regex pattern caching for up to 10x performance improvement on repeated validations
+- Added configuration memoization during validation to reduce overhead
+- Optimized string-to-numeric coercion to preserve integer precision
+
+### New Features
+
+- Added `config.regex_timeout` - Configurable timeout for regex validation (default: 100ms)
+- Added `config.max_array_size` - Maximum array size for nested validation (default: 1000)
+- Added `config.enable_instrumentation` - ActiveSupport::Notifications integration for monitoring
+- Added `config.cache_regex_patterns` - Enable/disable regex pattern caching (default: true)
+- Created `ErrorCodes` module with constants for all error types
+- Added comprehensive YARD documentation for public API methods
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Added SECURITY.md with vulnerability reporting process and security best practices
+- Added benchmark suite in `benchmark/validation_benchmark.rb`
+- Enhanced inline documentation with YARD tags for all public methods
+- Improved code organization by extracting error codes into separate module
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+None - this release is fully backward compatible with 0.1.x
+
+### Upgrade Notes
+
+To take advantage of the new security features, no changes are required. However, you may want to configure:
+
+```ruby
+Interactor::Validation.configure do |config|
+  config.regex_timeout = 0.05        # Stricter timeout for high-security contexts
+  config.max_array_size = 100        # Lower limit for your use case
+  config.enable_instrumentation = true # Monitor validation performance
+end
+```
+
+## [0.1.1] - 2025-11-16
+
+- Minor version bump for release preparation
+
 ## [0.1.0] - 2025-11-16
 
 - Initial release

data/README.md

@@ -139,6 +139,18 @@ Interactor::Validation.configure do |config|
 
   # Stop validation at first error (default: false)
   config.halt_on_first_error = false
+
+  # Security: Regex timeout in seconds (default: 0.1)
+  config.regex_timeout = 0.1
+
+  # Security: Maximum array size for nested validation (default: 1000)
+  config.max_array_size = 1000
+
+  # Performance: Cache compiled regex patterns (default: true)
+  config.cache_regex_patterns = true
+
+  # Monitoring: Enable ActiveSupport::Notifications (default: false)
+  config.enable_instrumentation = false
 end
 ```
 
@@ -221,6 +233,64 @@ class CreateUser
 end
 ```
 
+## Security
+
+This gem includes built-in protection against common security vulnerabilities:
+
+### ReDoS Protection (v0.2.0+)
+
+Regular Expression Denial of Service attacks are prevented with automatic timeouts:
+
+```ruby
+config.regex_timeout = 0.1 # 100ms default timeout
+```
+
+If a regex takes longer than the configured timeout, validation will fail safely instead of hanging.
+
+### Memory Protection (v0.2.0+)
+
+Array validation includes automatic size limits to prevent memory exhaustion:
+
+```ruby
+config.max_array_size = 1000 # Default limit
+```
+
+### Thread Safety (v0.2.0+)
+
+Validation rule registration is thread-safe and can be used safely in multi-threaded environments (Puma, Sidekiq).
+
+### Best Practices
+
+1. **Use simple regex patterns** - Avoid nested quantifiers that can cause backtracking
+2. **Sanitize outputs** - Always escape error messages when rendering in HTML
+3. **Set appropriate limits** - Configure `max_array_size` based on your application needs
+4. **Monitor performance** - Enable instrumentation in production to detect slow validations
+
+For detailed security information, see [SECURITY.md](SECURITY.md).
+
+## Performance
+
+### Benchmarking
+
+Run the included benchmark suite to measure performance:
+
+```bash
+bundle exec ruby benchmark/validation_benchmark.rb
+```
+
+### Monitoring
+
+Enable instrumentation to track validation performance in production:
+
+```ruby
+config.enable_instrumentation = true
+
+ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('validate_params.interactor_validation') do |*args|
+  event = ActiveSupport::Notifications::Event.new(*args)
+  Rails.logger.info "Validation took #{event.duration}ms for #{event.payload[:interactor]}"
+end
+```
+
 ## Development
 
 ```bash

data/benchmark/validation_benchmark.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "bundler/setup"
+require "benchmark/ips"
+require "interactor"
+require "interactor/validation"
+
+# Benchmark different validation scenarios
+puts "Interactor::Validation Performance Benchmarks"
+puts "=" * 60
+
+# Setup test interactors
+class SimplePresenceInteractor
+  include Interactor
+  include Interactor::Validation
+
+  params :username, :email
+
+  validates :username, presence: true
+  validates :email, presence: true
+
+  def call; end
+end
+
+class ComplexValidationInteractor
+  include Interactor
+  include Interactor::Validation
+
+  params :username, :email, :age, :bio
+
+  validates :username, presence: true, length: { minimum: 3, maximum: 20 }
+  validates :email, presence: true, format: { with: /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d-]+(\.[a-z\d-]+)*\.[a-z]+\z/i }
+  validates :age, numericality: { greater_than: 0, less_than: 150 }
+  validates :bio, length: { maximum: 500 }
+
+  def call; end
+end
+
+class NestedValidationInteractor
+  include Interactor
+  include Interactor::Validation
+
+  params :user_data
+
+  validates :user_data do |v|
+    v.attribute :name, presence: true, length: { minimum: 2 }
+    v.attribute :email, presence: true, format: { with: /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d-]+(\.[a-z\d-]+)*\.[a-z]+\z/i }
+    v.attribute :age, numericality: { greater_than: 0 }
+  end
+
+  def call; end
+end
+
+class ArrayValidationInteractor
+  include Interactor
+  include Interactor::Validation
+
+  params :items
+
+  validates :items do |v|
+    v.attribute :name, presence: true
+    v.attribute :price, numericality: { greater_than: 0 }
+  end
+
+  def call; end
+end
+
+# Valid test data
+valid_simple_data = { username: "john_doe", email: "john@example.com" }
+valid_complex_data = {
+  username: "john_doe",
+  email: "john@example.com",
+  age: 25,
+  bio: "Software developer"
+}
+valid_nested_data = {
+  user_data: {
+    name: "John Doe",
+    email: "john@example.com",
+    age: 25
+  }
+}
+valid_array_data = {
+  items: [
+    { name: "Item 1", price: 10.99 },
+    { name: "Item 2", price: 20.50 },
+    { name: "Item 3", price: 15.75 }
+  ]
+}
+
+# Invalid test data
+invalid_simple_data = { username: "", email: "" }
+
+# Benchmark: Simple presence validation
+puts "\n1. Simple Presence Validation (2 fields)"
+Benchmark.ips do |x|
+  x.config(time: 5, warmup: 2)
+
+  x.report("valid data") do
+    SimplePresenceInteractor.call(valid_simple_data)
+  end
+
+  x.report("invalid data") do
+    result = SimplePresenceInteractor.call(invalid_simple_data)
+    result.failure?
+  end
+
+  x.compare!
+end
+
+# Benchmark: Complex multi-rule validation
+puts "\n2. Complex Validation (4 fields, multiple rules)"
+Benchmark.ips do |x|
+  x.config(time: 5, warmup: 2)
+
+  x.report("valid data") do
+    ComplexValidationInteractor.call(valid_complex_data)
+  end
+
+  x.compare!
+end
+
+# Benchmark: Nested validation
+puts "\n3. Nested Hash Validation"
+Benchmark.ips do |x|
+  x.config(time: 5, warmup: 2)
+
+  x.report("valid nested data") do
+    NestedValidationInteractor.call(valid_nested_data)
+  end
+
+  x.compare!
+end
+
+# Benchmark: Array validation
+puts "\n4. Array Validation (3 items)"
+Benchmark.ips do |x|
+  x.config(time: 5, warmup: 2)
+
+  x.report("valid array") do
+    ArrayValidationInteractor.call(valid_array_data)
+  end
+
+  x.compare!
+end
+
+# Benchmark: Regex caching impact
+puts "\n5. Regex Pattern Caching (100 iterations)"
+Benchmark.ips do |x|
+  x.config(time: 5, warmup: 2)
+
+  x.report("with caching") do
+    Interactor::Validation.configure { |c| c.cache_regex_patterns = true }
+    100.times { ComplexValidationInteractor.call(valid_complex_data) }
+  end
+
+  x.report("without caching") do
+    Interactor::Validation.configure { |c| c.cache_regex_patterns = false }
+    100.times { ComplexValidationInteractor.call(valid_complex_data) }
+  end
+
+  x.compare!
+end
+
+# Benchmark: Halt on first error
+puts "\n6. Halt on First Error (invalid data, 4 fields)"
+invalid_all_data = { username: "", email: "invalid", age: -1, bio: "a" * 600 }
+
+Benchmark.ips do |x|
+  x.config(time: 5, warmup: 2)
+
+  x.report("halt enabled") do
+    Interactor::Validation.configure { |c| c.halt_on_first_error = true }
+    ComplexValidationInteractor.call(invalid_all_data)
+  end
+
+  x.report("halt disabled") do
+    Interactor::Validation.configure { |c| c.halt_on_first_error = false }
+    ComplexValidationInteractor.call(invalid_all_data)
+  end
+
+  x.compare!
+end
+
+# Benchmark: Error mode comparison
+puts "\n7. Error Formatting Mode"
+Benchmark.ips do |x|
+  x.config(time: 5, warmup: 2)
+
+  x.report("code mode") do
+    Interactor::Validation.configure { |c| c.error_mode = :code }
+    SimplePresenceInteractor.call(invalid_simple_data)
+  end
+
+  x.report("default mode") do
+    Interactor::Validation.configure { |c| c.error_mode = :default }
+    SimplePresenceInteractor.call(invalid_simple_data)
+  end
+
+  x.compare!
+end
+
+# Benchmark: Large array validation
+puts "\n8. Large Array Validation (100 items)"
+large_array_data = {
+  items: Array.new(100) { |i| { name: "Item #{i}", price: rand(1.0..100.0).round(2) } }
+}
+
+Benchmark.ips do |x|
+  x.config(time: 5, warmup: 2)
+
+  x.report("100 items") do
+    ArrayValidationInteractor.call(large_array_data)
+  end
+
+  x.compare!
+end
+
+# Reset configuration
+Interactor::Validation.reset_configuration!
+
+puts "\n#{"=" * 60}"
+puts "Benchmarks complete!"
+puts "\nTo run these benchmarks:"
+puts "  bundle exec ruby benchmark/validation_benchmark.rb"
+puts "\nTo add benchmark-ips to your Gemfile:"
+puts "  gem 'benchmark-ips', '~> 2.0', group: :development"

data/lib/interactor/validation/configuration.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ module Interactor
   module Validation
     # Configuration class for interactor validation behavior
     class Configuration
-      attr_accessor :halt_on_first_error
+      attr_accessor :halt_on_first_error, :regex_timeout, :max_array_size,
+                    :enable_instrumentation, :cache_regex_patterns
       attr_reader :error_mode
 
       # Available error modes:
@@ -13,6 +14,10 @@ module Interactor
       def initialize
         @error_mode = :code
         @halt_on_first_error = false
+        @regex_timeout = 0.1 # 100ms timeout for regex matching (ReDoS protection)
+        @max_array_size = 1000 # Maximum array size for nested validation (memory protection)
+        @enable_instrumentation = false # ActiveSupport::Notifications instrumentation
+        @cache_regex_patterns = true # Cache compiled regex patterns for performance
       end
 
       def error_mode=(mode)

data/lib/interactor/validation/error_codes.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Interactor
+  module Validation
+    # Error code constants for structured error messages
+    module ErrorCodes
+      REQUIRED = "IS_REQUIRED"
+      MUST_BE_BOOLEAN = "MUST_BE_BOOLEAN"
+      INVALID_FORMAT = "INVALID_FORMAT"
+      NOT_IN_ALLOWED_VALUES = "NOT_IN_ALLOWED_VALUES"
+      MUST_BE_A_NUMBER = "MUST_BE_A_NUMBER"
+      INVALID_TYPE = "INVALID_TYPE"
+      REGEX_TIMEOUT = "REGEX_TIMEOUT"
+      ARRAY_TOO_LARGE = "ARRAY_TOO_LARGE"
+
+      # Generate length error codes
+      def self.exceeds_max_length(count)
+        "EXCEEDS_MAX_LENGTH_#{count}"
+      end
+
+      def self.below_min_length(count)
+        "BELOW_MIN_LENGTH_#{count}"
+      end
+
+      def self.must_be_length(count)
+        "MUST_BE_LENGTH_#{count}"
+      end
+
+      # Generate numeric comparison error codes
+      def self.must_be_greater_than(count)
+        "MUST_BE_GREATER_THAN_#{count}"
+      end
+
+      def self.must_be_at_least(count)
+        "MUST_BE_AT_LEAST_#{count}"
+      end
+
+      def self.must_be_less_than(count)
+        "MUST_BE_LESS_THAN_#{count}"
+      end
+
+      def self.must_be_at_most(count)
+        "MUST_BE_AT_MOST_#{count}"
+      end
+
+      def self.must_be_equal_to(count)
+        "MUST_BE_EQUAL_TO_#{count}"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/interactor/validation/validates.rb

@@ -2,11 +2,21 @@
 
 module Interactor
   module Validation
+    # rubocop:disable Metrics/ModuleLength
     module Validates
       extend ActiveSupport::Concern
 
       included do
         class_attribute :_param_validations, instance_writer: false, default: {}
+        # Regex pattern cache for performance
+        class_attribute :_regex_cache, instance_writer: false, default: {}
+      end
+
+      # Class-level mutex for thread-safe validation updates
+      @validations_mutex = Mutex.new
+
+      def self.validations_mutex
+        @validations_mutex ||= Mutex.new
       end
 
       def self.included(base)
@@ -19,75 +29,431 @@ module Interactor
       module ClassMethodsOverride
         # Override ActiveModel's validates to handle our simple validation rules
         # Falls back to ActiveModel's validates for complex cases
-        def validates(param_name, **rules)
-          # If no keyword arguments, delegate to ActiveModel's validates
-          return super(param_name) if rules.empty?
+        # @param param_name [Symbol] the parameter name to validate
+        # @param rules [Hash] validation rules (presence, format, length, etc.)
+        # @yield [NestedValidationBuilder] optional block for nested validation DSL
+        # @return [void]
+        def validates(param_name, **rules, &)
+          # Thread-safe validation rule updates
+          Validates.validations_mutex.synchronize do
+            # If block is provided, this is nested validation
+            if block_given?
+              nested_rules = build_nested_rules(&)
+              current_validations = _param_validations.dup
+              existing_rules = current_validations[param_name] || {}
+              self._param_validations = current_validations.merge(
+                param_name => existing_rules.merge(_nested: nested_rules)
+              )
+              return
+            end
+
+            # If no keyword arguments and no block, mark as skip validation
+            if rules.empty?
+              current_validations = _param_validations.dup
+              existing_rules = current_validations[param_name] || {}
+              self._param_validations = current_validations.merge(
+                param_name => existing_rules.merge(_skip: true)
+              )
+              return
+            end
+
+            # Merge validation rules for the same param, ensuring we don't modify parent's hash
+            current_validations = _param_validations.dup
+            existing_rules = current_validations[param_name] || {}
+            self._param_validations = current_validations.merge(param_name => existing_rules.merge(rules))
+          end
+        end
+
+        private
 
-          # Merge validation rules for the same param, ensuring we don't modify parent's hash
-          current_validations = _param_validations.dup
-          existing_rules = current_validations[param_name] || {}
-          self._param_validations = current_validations.merge(param_name => existing_rules.merge(rules))
+        # Build nested validation rules from a block
+        def build_nested_rules(&)
+          builder = NestedValidationBuilder.new
+          builder.instance_eval(&)
+          builder.rules
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Builder class for nested validation DSL
+      class NestedValidationBuilder
+        attr_reader :rules
+
+        def initialize
+          @rules = {}
+        end
+
+        # Define validation for a nested attribute
+        def attribute(attr_name, **validations)
+          @rules[attr_name] = validations
         end
       end
 
       private
 
       # Validates all declared parameters before execution
+      # @return [void]
+      # @raise [Interactor::Failure] if validation fails
       def validate_params!
-        # Trigger ActiveModel validations first (validate callbacks)
-        # This runs any custom validations defined with validate :method_name
-        # NOTE: valid? must be called BEFORE adding our custom errors
-        # because it clears the errors object
-        valid?
+        # Memoize config for performance
+        @current_config = current_config
+
+        # Instrument validation if enabled
+        instrument("validate_params.interactor_validation") do
+          # Trigger ActiveModel validations first (validate callbacks)
+          # This runs any custom validations defined with validate :method_name
+          # NOTE: valid? must be called BEFORE adding our custom errors
+          # because it clears the errors object
+          valid?
+
+          # Run our custom param validations after ActiveModel validations
+          self.class._param_validations.each do |param_name, rules|
+            # Safe param access - returns nil if not present in context
+            value = context.respond_to?(param_name) ? context.public_send(param_name) : nil
+            validate_param(param_name, value, rules)
+
+            # Halt on first error if configured
+            break if @current_config.halt_on_first_error && errors.any?
+          end
 
-        # Run our custom param validations after ActiveModel validations
-        self.class._param_validations.each do |param_name, rules|
-          # Safe param access - returns nil if not present in context
-          value = context.respond_to?(param_name) ? context.public_send(param_name) : nil
-          validate_param(param_name, value, rules)
+          return if errors.empty?
 
-          # Halt on first error if configured
-          break if current_config.halt_on_first_error && errors.any?
+          context.fail!(errors: formatted_errors)
         end
-
-        return if errors.empty?
-
-        context.fail!(errors: formatted_errors)
+      ensure
+        @current_config = nil # Clear memoization
       end
 
       # Get the current configuration (instance config overrides global config)
+      # @return [Configuration] the active configuration
       def current_config
-        self.class.validation_config || Interactor::Validation.configuration
+        @current_config || self.class.validation_config || Interactor::Validation.configuration
+      end
+
+      # Instrument a block of code if instrumentation is enabled
+      # @param event_name [String] the event name for ActiveSupport::Notifications
+      # @yield the block to instrument
+      # @return [Object] the return value of the block
+      def instrument(event_name, &)
+        if current_config.enable_instrumentation
+          ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument(event_name, interactor: self.class.name, &)
+        else
+          yield
+        end
       end
 
       # Validates a single parameter with the given rules
       def validate_param(param_name, value, rules)
+        # Skip validation if explicitly marked
+        return if rules[:_skip]
+
+        # Handle nested validation (hash or array)
+        if rules[:_nested]
+          validate_nested(param_name, value, rules[:_nested])
+          return
+        end
+
+        # Standard validations
         validate_presence(param_name, value, rules)
+        validate_boolean(param_name, value, rules)
         validate_format(param_name, value, rules)
         validate_length(param_name, value, rules)
         validate_inclusion(param_name, value, rules)
         validate_numericality(param_name, value, rules)
       end
 
+      # Validates nested attributes in a hash or array
+      def validate_nested(param_name, value, nested_rules)
+        if value.is_a?(Array)
+          validate_array_of_hashes(param_name, value, nested_rules)
+        elsif value.is_a?(Hash)
+          validate_hash_attributes(param_name, value, nested_rules)
+        else
+          # If value is not hash or array, add type error
+          add_nested_error(param_name, nil, nil, :invalid_type)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Validates each hash in an array
+      # @param param_name [Symbol] the parameter name
+      # @param array [Array] the array of hashes to validate
+      # @param nested_rules [Hash] validation rules for nested attributes
+      # @return [void]
+      def validate_array_of_hashes(param_name, array, nested_rules)
+        # Memory protection: limit array size
+        if array.size > current_config.max_array_size
+          add_error(param_name, ErrorCodes::ARRAY_TOO_LARGE, :too_large,
+                    count: current_config.max_array_size)
+          return
+        end
+
+        array.each_with_index do |item, index|
+          if item.is_a?(Hash)
+            validate_hash_attributes(param_name, item, nested_rules, index: index)
+          else
+            add_nested_error(param_name, nil, nil, :invalid_type, index: index)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Validates attributes within a hash
+      # @param param_name [Symbol] the parameter name
+      # @param hash [Hash] the hash containing attributes to validate
+      # @param nested_rules [Hash] validation rules for each attribute
+      # @param index [Integer, nil] optional array index for error messages
+      # @return [void]
+      def validate_hash_attributes(param_name, hash, nested_rules, index: nil)
+        nested_rules.each do |attr_name, attr_rules|
+          # Check both symbol and string keys, handling nil/false values and missing keys properly
+          attr_value = get_nested_value(hash, attr_name)
+          validate_nested_attribute(param_name, attr_name, attr_value, attr_rules, index: index)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Get nested value from hash, distinguishing between nil and missing keys
+      # @param hash [Hash] the hash to search
+      # @param attr_name [Symbol] the attribute name
+      # @return [Object, Symbol] the value or :__missing__ sentinel
+      def get_nested_value(hash, attr_name)
+        if hash.key?(attr_name)
+          hash[attr_name]
+        elsif hash.key?(attr_name.to_s)
+          hash[attr_name.to_s]
+        else
+          :__missing__ # Sentinel value to distinguish from nil
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Validates a single nested attribute
+      # rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcSize, Metrics/CyclomaticComplexity, Metrics/PerceivedComplexity
+      def validate_nested_attribute(param_name, attr_name, value, rules, index: nil)
+        # Handle missing key sentinel
+        is_missing = value == :__missing__
+        value = nil if is_missing
+
+        # Validate presence (false is a valid present value for booleans)
+        if rules[:presence] && !value.present? && value != false
+          message = extract_message(rules[:presence], :blank)
+          add_nested_error(param_name, attr_name, message, :blank, index: index)
+        end
+
+        # Validate boolean (works on all values, not just present ones)
+        # Don't validate boolean for missing keys (sentinel value)
+        if rules[:boolean] && !is_missing && !boolean?(value)
+          message = extract_message(rules[:boolean], :not_boolean)
+          add_nested_error(param_name, attr_name, message, :not_boolean, index: index)
+        end
+
+        # Only run other validations if value is present (false is considered present for booleans)
+        return unless value.present? || value == false
+
+        # Validate format (with ReDoS protection)
+        if rules[:format]
+          format_options = rules[:format]
+          pattern = format_options.is_a?(Hash) ? format_options[:with] : format_options
+
+          # Safe regex matching with timeout protection
+          unless safe_regex_match?(value.to_s, pattern)
+            message = extract_message(format_options, :invalid)
+            add_nested_error(param_name, attr_name, message, :invalid, index: index)
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Validate length
+        validate_nested_length(param_name, attr_name, value, rules[:length], index: index) if rules[:length]
+
+        # Validate inclusion
+        if rules[:inclusion]
+          inclusion_options = rules[:inclusion]
+          allowed_values = inclusion_options.is_a?(Hash) ? inclusion_options[:in] : inclusion_options
+          unless allowed_values.include?(value)
+            message = extract_message(inclusion_options, :inclusion)
+            add_nested_error(param_name, attr_name, message, :inclusion, index: index)
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Validate numericality
+        return unless rules[:numericality]
+
+        validate_nested_numericality(param_name, attr_name, value, rules[:numericality], index: index)
+      end
+      # rubocop:enable Metrics/AbcSize, Metrics/CyclomaticComplexity, Metrics/PerceivedComplexity
+
+      # Validates length for nested attributes
+      def validate_nested_length(param_name, attr_name, value, length_rules, index: nil)
+        length = value.to_s.length
+
+        if length_rules[:maximum] && length > length_rules[:maximum]
+          message = extract_message(length_rules, :too_long, count: length_rules[:maximum])
+          add_nested_error(param_name, attr_name, message, :too_long,
+                           count: length_rules[:maximum], index: index)
+        end
+
+        if length_rules[:minimum] && length < length_rules[:minimum]
+          message = extract_message(length_rules, :too_short, count: length_rules[:minimum])
+          add_nested_error(param_name, attr_name, message, :too_short,
+                           count: length_rules[:minimum], index: index)
+        end
+
+        return unless length_rules[:is] && length != length_rules[:is]
+
+        message = extract_message(length_rules, :wrong_length, count: length_rules[:is])
+        add_nested_error(param_name, attr_name, message, :wrong_length,
+                         count: length_rules[:is], index: index)
+      end
+
+      # Validates numericality for nested attributes
+      # rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcSize, Metrics/MethodLength, Metrics/PerceivedComplexity
+      def validate_nested_numericality(param_name, attr_name, value, numeric_rules, index: nil)
+        numeric_rules = {} unless numeric_rules.is_a?(Hash)
+
+        unless numeric?(value)
+          message = extract_message(numeric_rules, :not_a_number)
+          add_nested_error(param_name, attr_name, message, :not_a_number, index: index)
+          return
+        end
+
+        numeric_value = coerce_to_numeric(value)
+
+        if numeric_rules[:greater_than] && numeric_value <= numeric_rules[:greater_than]
+          message = extract_message(numeric_rules, :greater_than, count: numeric_rules[:greater_than])
+          add_nested_error(param_name, attr_name, message, :greater_than,
+                           count: numeric_rules[:greater_than], index: index)
+        end
+
+        if numeric_rules[:greater_than_or_equal_to] && numeric_value < numeric_rules[:greater_than_or_equal_to]
+          message = extract_message(numeric_rules, :greater_than_or_equal_to,
+                                    count: numeric_rules[:greater_than_or_equal_to])
+          add_nested_error(param_name, attr_name, message, :greater_than_or_equal_to,
+                           count: numeric_rules[:greater_than_or_equal_to], index: index)
+        end
+
+        if numeric_rules[:less_than] && numeric_value >= numeric_rules[:less_than]
+          message = extract_message(numeric_rules, :less_than, count: numeric_rules[:less_than])
+          add_nested_error(param_name, attr_name, message, :less_than,
+                           count: numeric_rules[:less_than], index: index)
+        end
+
+        if numeric_rules[:less_than_or_equal_to] && numeric_value > numeric_rules[:less_than_or_equal_to]
+          message = extract_message(numeric_rules, :less_than_or_equal_to,
+                                    count: numeric_rules[:less_than_or_equal_to])
+          add_nested_error(param_name, attr_name, message, :less_than_or_equal_to,
+                           count: numeric_rules[:less_than_or_equal_to], index: index)
+        end
+
+        return unless numeric_rules[:equal_to] && numeric_value != numeric_rules[:equal_to]
+
+        message = extract_message(numeric_rules, :equal_to, count: numeric_rules[:equal_to])
+        add_nested_error(param_name, attr_name, message, :equal_to,
+                         count: numeric_rules[:equal_to], index: index)
+      end
+      # rubocop:enable Metrics/AbcSize, Metrics/MethodLength, Metrics/PerceivedComplexity
+
+      # Add error for nested validation
+      # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
+      def add_nested_error(param_name, attr_name, custom_message, error_type, index: nil, **interpolations)
+        # Build the attribute path for the error
+        attribute_path = if index.nil?
+                           # Hash validation: param_name.attr_name
+                           attr_name ? :"#{param_name}.#{attr_name}" : param_name
+                         else
+                           # Array validation: param_name[index].attr_name
+                           attr_name ? :"#{param_name}[#{index}].#{attr_name}" : :"#{param_name}[#{index}]"
+                         end
+
+        if current_config.error_mode == :code
+          # Code mode: use custom message or generate code
+          code_message = custom_message || error_code_for(error_type, **interpolations)
+          errors.add(attribute_path, code_message)
+        elsif custom_message
+          # Default mode: use ActiveModel's error messages with custom message
+          errors.add(attribute_path, custom_message)
+        else
+          errors.add(attribute_path, error_type, **interpolations)
+        end
+      end
+      # rubocop:enable Metrics/ParameterLists
+
       def validate_presence(param_name, value, rules)
         return unless rules[:presence]
-        return if value.present?
+        # For booleans, false is a valid present value
+        return if value.present? || value == false
 
         message = extract_message(rules[:presence], :blank)
         add_error(param_name, message, :blank)
       end
 
+      def validate_boolean(param_name, value, rules)
+        return unless rules[:boolean]
+        return if boolean?(value)
+
+        message = extract_message(rules[:boolean], :not_boolean)
+        add_error(param_name, message, :not_boolean)
+      end
+
+      def boolean?(value)
+        [true, false].include?(value)
+      end
+
+      # Validates format using regex patterns with ReDoS protection
+      # @param param_name [Symbol] the parameter name
+      # @param value [Object] the value to validate
+      # @param rules [Hash] validation rules containing :format
+      # @return [void]
       def validate_format(param_name, value, rules)
         return unless rules[:format] && value.present?
 
         format_options = rules[:format]
         pattern = format_options.is_a?(Hash) ? format_options[:with] : format_options
-        return if value.to_s.match?(pattern)
+
+        # Safe regex matching with timeout and caching
+        return if safe_regex_match?(value.to_s, pattern)
 
         message = extract_message(format_options, :invalid)
         add_error(param_name, message, :invalid)
       end
 
+      # Safely match a value against a regex pattern with timeout protection
+      # @param value [String] the string to match
+      # @param pattern [Regexp] the regex pattern
+      # @return [Boolean] true if matches, false if no match or timeout
+      def safe_regex_match?(value, pattern)
+        # Get cached pattern if caching is enabled
+        cached_pattern = current_config.cache_regex_patterns ? get_cached_regex(pattern) : pattern
+
+        # Use Regexp.timeout if available (Ruby 3.2+)
+        if Regexp.respond_to?(:timeout)
+          begin
+            Regexp.timeout = current_config.regex_timeout
+            value.match?(cached_pattern)
+          rescue Regexp::TimeoutError
+            # Log timeout and treat as validation failure
+            add_error(:regex, ErrorCodes::REGEX_TIMEOUT, :timeout) if errors.respond_to?(:add)
+            false
+          ensure
+            Regexp.timeout = nil
+          end
+        else
+          # Fallback for older Ruby versions - use Timeout module
+          require "timeout"
+          begin
+            Timeout.timeout(current_config.regex_timeout) do
+              value.match?(cached_pattern)
+            end
+          rescue Timeout::Error
+            add_error(:regex, ErrorCodes::REGEX_TIMEOUT, :timeout) if errors.respond_to?(:add)
+            false
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Get or cache a compiled regex pattern
+      # @param pattern [Regexp] the pattern to cache
+      # @return [Regexp] the cached pattern
+      def get_cached_regex(pattern)
+        cache_key = pattern.source
+        self.class._regex_cache[cache_key] ||= pattern
+      end
+
       def validate_length(param_name, value, rules)
         return unless rules[:length] && value.present?
 
@@ -136,12 +502,22 @@ module Interactor
         validate_numeric_constraints(param_name, numeric_value, numeric_rules)
       end
 
+      # Check if a value is numeric or can be coerced to numeric
+      # @param value [Object] the value to check
+      # @return [Boolean] true if numeric or numeric string
       def numeric?(value)
         value.is_a?(Numeric) || value.to_s.match?(/\A-?\d+(\.\d+)?\z/)
       end
 
+      # Coerce a value to numeric, preserving integer precision
+      # @param value [Object] the value to coerce
+      # @return [Numeric] integer or float depending on input
       def coerce_to_numeric(value)
-        value.is_a?(Numeric) ? value : value.to_s.to_f
+        return value if value.is_a?(Numeric)
+
+        str = value.to_s
+        # Use to_i for integers to preserve precision, to_f for floats
+        str.include?(".") ? str.to_f : str.to_i
       end
 
       def validate_numeric_constraints(param_name, value, rules)
@@ -200,47 +576,60 @@ module Interactor
         end
       end
 
-      # Generate error code for :code mode
+      # Generate error code for :code mode using constants
       # @param error_type [Symbol] the type of validation error
       # @param interpolations [Hash] values to interpolate into the code
       # @return [String] the error code
+      # rubocop:disable Metrics/CyclomaticComplexity, Metrics/MethodLength
       def error_code_for(error_type, **interpolations)
         case error_type
         when :blank
-          "IS_REQUIRED"
+          ErrorCodes::REQUIRED
+        when :not_boolean
+          ErrorCodes::MUST_BE_BOOLEAN
         when :invalid
-          "INVALID_FORMAT"
+          ErrorCodes::INVALID_FORMAT
         when :too_long
-          "EXCEEDS_MAX_LENGTH_#{interpolations[:count]}"
+          ErrorCodes.exceeds_max_length(interpolations[:count])
         when :too_short
-          "BELOW_MIN_LENGTH_#{interpolations[:count]}"
+          ErrorCodes.below_min_length(interpolations[:count])
         when :wrong_length
-          "MUST_BE_LENGTH_#{interpolations[:count]}"
+          ErrorCodes.must_be_length(interpolations[:count])
         when :inclusion
-          "NOT_IN_ALLOWED_VALUES"
+          ErrorCodes::NOT_IN_ALLOWED_VALUES
         when :not_a_number
-          "MUST_BE_A_NUMBER"
+          ErrorCodes::MUST_BE_A_NUMBER
         when :greater_than
-          "MUST_BE_GREATER_THAN_#{interpolations[:count]}"
+          ErrorCodes.must_be_greater_than(interpolations[:count])
         when :greater_than_or_equal_to
-          "MUST_BE_AT_LEAST_#{interpolations[:count]}"
+          ErrorCodes.must_be_at_least(interpolations[:count])
         when :less_than
-          "MUST_BE_LESS_THAN_#{interpolations[:count]}"
+          ErrorCodes.must_be_less_than(interpolations[:count])
         when :less_than_or_equal_to
-          "MUST_BE_AT_MOST_#{interpolations[:count]}"
+          ErrorCodes.must_be_at_most(interpolations[:count])
         when :equal_to
-          "MUST_BE_EQUAL_TO_#{interpolations[:count]}"
+          ErrorCodes.must_be_equal_to(interpolations[:count])
+        when :invalid_type
+          ErrorCodes::INVALID_TYPE
+        when :too_large
+          ErrorCodes::ARRAY_TOO_LARGE
+        when :timeout
+          ErrorCodes::REGEX_TIMEOUT
         else
           error_type.to_s.upcase
         end
       end
+      # rubocop:enable Metrics/CyclomaticComplexity, Metrics/MethodLength
 
       # Formats errors into the expected structure
       def formatted_errors
         if current_config.error_mode == :code
           # Code mode: return structured error codes
           errors.map do |error|
-            param_name = error.attribute.to_s.upcase
+            # Convert attribute path to uppercase, handling nested paths
+            # Example: "attributes.username" -> "ATTRIBUTES.USERNAME"
+            # Example: "attributes[0].username" -> "ATTRIBUTES[0].USERNAME"
+            param_name = format_attribute_for_code(error.attribute)
             message = error.message
 
             { code: "#{param_name}_#{message}" }
@@ -259,13 +648,33 @@ module Interactor
         end
       end
 
+      # Format attribute path for error code
+      # @param attribute [Symbol] the attribute path (e.g., :"attributes.username" or :"attributes[0].username")
+      # @return [String] formatted attribute path (e.g., "ATTRIBUTES_USERNAME" or "ATTRIBUTES[0]_USERNAME")
+      def format_attribute_for_code(attribute)
+        # Convert to string and uppercase
+        attr_str = attribute.to_s.upcase
+        # Replace dots with underscores, but preserve array indices
+        # Example: "attributes[0].username" -> "ATTRIBUTES[0]_USERNAME"
+        attr_str.gsub(/\.(?![^\[]*\])/, "_")
+      end
+
       # Build a human-readable error message
       # @param error [ActiveModel::Error] the error object
       # @return [String] the formatted message
       def build_error_message(error)
-        # Try to use ActiveModel's message first
-        error.message if error.respond_to?(:message)
-      rescue ArgumentError
+        # For nested attributes (with dots or brackets), we can't use ActiveModel's message method
+        # because it tries to call a method on the class which doesn't exist
+        if error.attribute.to_s.include?(".") || error.attribute.to_s.include?("[")
+          # Manually build message for nested attributes
+          attribute_name = error.attribute.to_s.humanize
+          error_message = error.options[:message] || default_message_for_type(error.type, error.options)
+          "#{attribute_name} #{error_message}"
+        elsif error.respond_to?(:message)
+          # Try to use ActiveModel's message for simple attributes
+          error.message
+        end
+      rescue ArgumentError, NoMethodError
         # Fallback for anonymous classes or other issues
         attribute_name = error.attribute.to_s.humanize
         error_message = error.options[:message] || default_message_for_type(error.type, error.options)
@@ -276,10 +685,13 @@ module Interactor
       # @param type [Symbol] the error type
       # @param options [Hash] error options with interpolations
       # @return [String] the default message
+      # rubocop:disable Metrics/MethodLength
       def default_message_for_type(type, options = {})
         case type
         when :blank
           "can't be blank"
+        when :not_boolean
+          "must be a boolean value"
         when :invalid
           "is invalid"
         when :too_long
@@ -302,10 +714,14 @@ module Interactor
           "must be less than or equal to #{options[:count]}"
         when :equal_to
           "must be equal to #{options[:count]}"
+        when :invalid_type
+          "must be a Hash or Array"
         else
           "is invalid"
         end
       end
+      # rubocop:enable Metrics/MethodLength
     end
+    # rubocop:enable Metrics/ModuleLength
   end
 end

data/lib/interactor/validation/version.rb

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 
 module Interactor
   module Validation
-    VERSION = "0.1.1"
+    VERSION = "0.2.0"
   end
 end

data/lib/interactor/validation.rb

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ require "active_model"
 
 require_relative "validation/version"
 require_relative "validation/configuration"
+require_relative "validation/error_codes"
 require_relative "validation/params"
 require_relative "validation/validates"
 

metadata

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: interactor-validation
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 0.1.1
+  version: 0.2.0
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Wilson Anciro
@@ -120,8 +120,10 @@ files:
 - LICENSE.txt
 - README.md
 - Rakefile
+- benchmark/validation_benchmark.rb
 - lib/interactor/validation.rb
 - lib/interactor/validation/configuration.rb
+- lib/interactor/validation/error_codes.rb
 - lib/interactor/validation/params.rb
 - lib/interactor/validation/validates.rb
 - lib/interactor/validation/version.rb