inspec 1.51.6 → 1.51.15

data/docs/plugin_kitchen_inspec.md

@@ -1,49 +1,49 @@
----
-title: About kitchen-inspec
----
-
-# kitchen-inspec
-
-Use InSpec as a Kitchen verifier with `kitchen-inspec`.
-
-Add the InSpec verifier to the `.kitchen.yml` file:
-
-    verifier:
-      name: inspec
-
-Use a compliance profile from the Chef Compliance server:
-
-    suites:
-      - name: compliance
-        run_list:
-          - recipe[ssh-hardening::default]
-        verifier:
-          inspec_tests:
-            - compliance://base/ssh
-
-and then run the following command:
-
-    $ inspec compliance login https://compliance.test --user admin --insecure --token ''
-
-where `--insecure` is required when using self-signed certificates.
-
-Use a compliance profile from the Chef Supermarket:
-
-    suites:
-      - name: supermarket
-        run_list:
-          - recipe[ssh-hardening::default]
-        verifier:
-          inspec_tests:
-            - supermarket://dev-sec/ssh-baseline
-
-Use InSpec tests from the local file system:
-
-    suites:
-      - name: local
-        run_list:
-          - recipe[my_cookbook::default]
-        verifier:
-          inspec_tests:
-            - test/integration/default
-
+---
+title: About kitchen-inspec
+---
+
+# kitchen-inspec
+
+Use InSpec as a Kitchen verifier with `kitchen-inspec`.
+
+Add the InSpec verifier to the `.kitchen.yml` file:
+
+    verifier:
+      name: inspec
+
+Use a compliance profile from the Chef Compliance server:
+
+    suites:
+      - name: compliance
+        run_list:
+          - recipe[ssh-hardening::default]
+        verifier:
+          inspec_tests:
+            - compliance://base/ssh
+
+and then run the following command:
+
+    $ inspec compliance login https://compliance.test --user admin --insecure --token ''
+
+where `--insecure` is required when using self-signed certificates.
+
+Use a compliance profile from the Chef Supermarket:
+
+    suites:
+      - name: supermarket
+        run_list:
+          - recipe[ssh-hardening::default]
+        verifier:
+          inspec_tests:
+            - supermarket://dev-sec/ssh-baseline
+
+Use InSpec tests from the local file system:
+
+    suites:
+      - name: local
+        run_list:
+          - recipe[my_cookbook::default]
+        verifier:
+          inspec_tests:
+            - test/integration/default
+

data/docs/profiles.md

@@ -1,370 +1,370 @@
----
-title: About InSpec Profiles
----
-
-# InSpec Profiles
-
-InSpec supports the creation of complex test and compliance profiles, which organize controls to support dependency management and code reuse. Each profile is a standalone structure with its own distribution and execution flow.
-
-# Profile Structure
-
-A profile should have the following structure::
-
-    examples/profile
-    ├── README.md
-    ├── controls
-    │   ├── example.rb
-    │   └── control_etc.rb
-    ├── libraries
-    │   └── extension.rb
-    |── files
-    │   └── extras.conf
-    └── inspec.yml
-
-where:
-
-* `inspec.yml` includes the profile description (required)
-* `controls` is the directory in which all tests are located (required)
-* `libraries` is the directory in which all InSpec resource extensions are located (optional)
-* `files` is the directory with additional files that a profile can access (optional)
-* `README.md` should be used to explain the profile, its scope, and usage
-
-See a complete example profile in the InSpec open source repository: https://github.com/chef/inspec/tree/master/examples/profile
-
-## inspec.yml
-
-Each profile must have an `inspec.yml` file that defines the following information:
-
- * Use `name` to specify a unique name for the profile. Required.
- * Use `title` to specify a human-readable name for the profile.
- * Use `maintainer` to specify the profile maintainer.
- * Use `copyright` to specify the copyright holder.
- * Use `copyright_email` to specify support contact information for the profile, typically an email address.
- * Use `license` to specify the license for the profile.
- * Use `summary` to specify a one line summary for the profile.
- * Use `description` to specify a multiple line description of the profile.
- * Use `version` to specify the profile version.
- * Use `supports` to specify a list of supported platform targets.
- * Use `depends` to define a list of profiles on which this profile depends.
-
-`name` is required; all other profile settings are optional. For example:
-
-    name: ssh
-    title: Basic SSH
-    maintainer: Chef Software, Inc.
-    copyright: Chef Software, Inc.
-    copyright_email: support@chef.io
-    license: Proprietary, All rights reserved
-    summary: Verify that SSH Server and SSH Client are configured securely
-    version: 1.0.0
-    supports:
-      - os-family: linux
-    depends:
-      - name: profile
-        path: ../path/to/profile
-
-## Verify Profiles
-
-Use the `inspec check` command to verify the implementation of a profile:
-
-    $ inspec check examples/profile
-
-# Platform Support
-
-Use the `supports` setting in the `inspec.yml` file to specify one (or more) platforms for which a profile is targeting. The list of supported platforms may contain simple names, names and versions, or detailed flags, and may be combined arbitrarily. For example, to target anything running Debian Linux:
-
-    name: ssh
-    supports:
-      - os-name: debian
-
-and to target only Ubuntu version 14.04
-
-    name: ssh
-    supports:
-      - os-name: ubuntu
-        release: 14.04
-
-and to target the entire RedHat platform (including CentOS and Oracle Linux):
-
-    name: ssh
-    supports:
-      - os-family: redhat
-
-and to target anything running on Amazon AWS:
-
-    name: ssh
-    supports:
-      - platform: aws
-
-and to target all of these examples in a single `inspec.yml` file:
-
-    name: ssh
-    supports:
-      - os-name: debian
-      - os-name: ubuntu
-        release: 14.04
-      - os-family: redhat
-      - platform: aws
-
-
-# Profile Dependencies
-
-An InSpec profile can bring in the controls and custom resources from another InSpec profile. Additionally, when inheriting the controls of another profile, a profile can skip or even modify those included controls.
-
-## Defining the Dependencies
-
-Before a profile can use controls from another profile, the to-be-included profile needs to be specified in the including profile’s `inspec.yml` file in the `depends` section. For each profile to be included, a location for the profile from where to be fetched and a name for the profile should be included. For example:
-
-    depends:
-    - name: linux-baseline
-      url: https://github.com/dev-sec/linux-baseline/archive/master.tar.gz
-    - name: ssh-baseline
-      url: https://github.com/dev-sec/ssh-baseline/archive/master.tar.gz
-
-InSpec supports a number of dependency sources.
-
-### path
-
-The `path` setting defines a profile that is located on disk. This setting is typically used during development of profiles and when debugging profiles.
-
-    depends:
-    - name: my-profile
-      path: /absolute/path
-    - name: another
-      path: ../relative/path
-
-### url
-
-The `url` setting specifies a profile that is located at an HTTP- or HTTPS-based URL. The profile must be accessible via a HTTP GET operation and must be a valid profile archive (zip, tar, or tar.gz format).
-
-    depends:
-    - name: my-profile
-      url: https://my.domain/path/to/profile.tgz
-    - name: profile-via-git
-      url: https://github.com/myusername/myprofile-repo/archive/master.tar.gz
-
-### git
-
-A `git` setting specifies a profile that is located in a git repository, with optional settings for branch, tag, commit, and version. The source location is translated into a URL upon resolution. This type of dependency supports version constraints via semantic versioning as git tags.
-
-For example:
-
-    depends:
-    - name: git-profile
-      git: http://url/to/repo
-      branch:  desired_branch
-      tag:     desired_version
-      commit:  pinned_commit
-      version: semver_via_tags
-
-### supermarket
-
-A `supermarket` setting specifies a profile that is located in a cookbook hosted on Chef Supermarket. The source location is translated into a URL upon resolution.
-
-For example:
-
-    depends:
-    - name: supermarket-profile
-      supermarket: supermarket-username/supermarket-profile
-
-Available Supermarket profiles can be listed with `inspec supermarket profiles`.
-
-### compliance
-
-A `compliance` setting specifies a profile that is located on the Chef Automate or Chef Compliance server.
-
-For example:
-
-    depends:
-      - name: linux
-        compliance: base/linux
-
-## Vendoring Dependencies
-
-When you execute a local profile, the `inspec.yml` file will be read in order to source any profile dependencies. It will then cache the dependencies locally and generate an `inspec.lock` file.
-
-If you add or update dependencies in `inspec.yml`, dependencies may be re-vendored and the lockfile updated with `inspec vendor --overwrite`
-
-## Using Controls from an Included Profile
-
-Once defined in the `inspec.yml`, controls from the included profiles can be used! Let’s look at some examples.
-
-### Including All Controls from a Profile
-
-With the `include_controls` command in a profile, all controls from the named profile will be executed every time the including profile is executed.
-
-![Include Controls](/images/profile_inheritance/include_controls.png)
-
-In the example above, every time `my-app-profile` is executed, all the controls from `my-baseline` are also executed. Therefore, the following controls would be executed:
-
- * myapp-1
- * myapp-2
- * myapp-3
- * baseline-1
- * baseline-2
-
-This is a great reminder that having a good naming convention for your controls is helpful to avoid confusion when
-including controls from other profiles!
-
-### Skipping a Control from a Profile
-
-What if one of the controls from the included profile does not apply to your environment? Luckily, it is not necessary to maintain a slightly-modified copy of the included profile just to delete a control. The `skip_control` command tells InSpec to not run a particular control.
-
-![Include Controls with Skip](/images/profile_inheritance/include_controls_with_skip.png)
-
-In the above example, all controls from `my-app-profile` and `my-baseline` profile will be executed every time `my-app-profile` is executed **except** for control `baseline-2` from the `my-baseline` profile.
-
-### Modifying a Control
-
-Let's say a particular control from an included profile should still be run, but the impact isn't appropriate? Perhaps the test should still run, but if it fails, it should be treated as low severity instead of high severity?
-
-When a control is included, it can also be modified!
-
-![Include Controls with Modification](/images/profile_inheritance/include_controls_with_mod.png)
-
-In the above example, all controls from `my-baseline` are executed along with all the controls from the including profile, `my-app-profile`. However, should control `baseline-1` fail, it will be raised with an impact of `0.5` instead of the originally-intended impact of `1.0`.
-
-### Selectively Including Controls from a Profile
-
-If there are only a handful of controls that should be executed from an included profile, it's not necessarily to skip all the unneeded controls, or worse, copy/paste those controls bit-for-bit into your profile. Instead, use the `require_controls` command.
-
-![Require Controls](/images/profile_inheritance/require_controls.png)
-
-Whenever `my-app-profile` is executed, in addition to its own controls, it will run only the controls specified in the `require_controls` block. In the case, the following controls would be executed:
-
- * myapp-1
- * myapp-2
- * myapp-3
- * baseline-2
- * baseline-4
-
-Controls `baseline-1`, `baseline-3`, and `baseline-5` would not be run, just as if they were manually skipped. This method of including specific controls ensures only the controls specified are executed; if new controls are added to a later version of `my-baseline`, they would not be run.
-
-And, just the way its possible to modify controls when using `include_controls`, controls can be modified as well.
-
-![Require Controls with Modification](/images/profile_inheritance/require_controls_with_mod.png)
-
-As with the prior example, only `baseline-2` and `baseline-4` are executed, but if `baseline-2` fails, it will report with an impact of `0.5` instead of the originally-intended `1.0` impact.
-
-## Using Resources from an Included Profile
-
-By default, all of the custom resources from a listed dependency are available
-for use in your profile. If two of your dependencies provide a resource with
-the same name, you can use the `require_resource` DSL function to
-disambiguate the two:
-
-    require_resource(profile: 'my_dep', resource: 'my_res',
-                     as: 'my_res2')
-
-This will allow you to reference the resource `my_res` from the
-profile `my_dep` using the name `my_res2`.
-
-# Profile Attributes
-
-Attributes may be used in profiles to define secrets, such as user names and passwords, that should not otherwise be stored in plain-text in a cookbook. First specify a variable in the control for each secret, then add the secret to a Yaml file located on the local machine, and then run `inspec exec` and specify the path to that Yaml file using the `--attrs` attribute.
-
-For example, a control:
-
-    # define these attributes on the top-level of your file and re-use them across all tests!
-    val_user = attribute('user', default: 'alice', description: 'An identification for the user')
-    val_password = attribute('password', description: 'A value for the password')
-
-    control 'system-users' do
-      impact 0.8
-      desc '
-        This test assures that the user "Bob" has a user installed on the system, along with a
-        specified password.
-      '
-
-      describe val_user do
-        it { should eq 'bob' }
-      end
-
-      describe val_password do
-        it { should eq 'secret' }
-      end
-    end
-
-And a Yaml file named `profile-attribute.yml`:
-
-    user: bob
-    password: secret
-
-The following command runs the tests and applies the secrets specified in `profile-attribute.yml`:
-
-    $ inspec exec examples/profile-attribute --attrs examples/profile-attribute.yml
-
-See the full example in the InSpec open source repository: https://github.com/chef/inspec/tree/master/examples/profile-attribute
-
-# Profile files
-
-An InSpec profile may contain additional files that can be accessed during tests. This covers use-cases where e.g. a list of ports is provided to be tested.
-
-To access these files, they must be stored in the `files` directory at the root of a profile. They are accessed by their name relative to this folder with `inspec.profile.file(...)`.
-
-Here is an example for reading and testing a list of ports. The folder structure is:
-
-    examples/profile
-    ├── controls
-    │   ├── example.rb
-    |── files
-    │   └── services.yml
-    └── inspec.yml
-
-With `services.yml` containing:
-
-    - service_name: httpd-alpha
-      port: 80
-    - service_name: httpd-beta
-      port: 8080
-
-The tests in `example.rb` can now access this file:
-
-    my_services = yaml(content: inspec.profile.file('services.yml')).params
-
-    my_services.each do |s|
-      describe service(s['service_name']) do
-        it { should be_running }
-      end
-
-      describe port(s['port']) do
-        it { should be_listening }
-      end
-    end
-
-# "should" vs. "expect" syntax
-
-Users familiar with the RSpec testing framework may know that there are two ways to write test statements: `should` and `expect`. The RSpec community decided that `expect` is the preferred syntax. However, InSpec recommends the `should` syntax as it tends to read more easily to those users who are not as technical.
-
-InSpec will continue to support both methods of writing tests. Consider this `file` test:
-
-    describe file('/tmp/test.txt') do
-      it { should be_file }
-    end
-
-This can be re-written with `expect` syntax
-
-    describe file('/tmp/test.txt') do
-      it 'should be a file' do
-        expect(subject).to(be_file)
-      end
-    end
-
-The output of both of the above examples looks like this:
-
-    File /tmp/test.txt
-       ✔  should be a file
-
-In addition, you can make use of the `subject` keyword to further control your output if you choose:
-
-    describe 'test file' do
-      subject { file('/tmp/test.txt') }
-      it 'should be a file' do
-        expect(subject).to(be_file)
-      end
-    end
-
-... which will render the following output:
-
-    test file
-      ✔  should be a file
+---
+title: About InSpec Profiles
+---
+
+# InSpec Profiles
+
+InSpec supports the creation of complex test and compliance profiles, which organize controls to support dependency management and code reuse. Each profile is a standalone structure with its own distribution and execution flow.
+
+# Profile Structure
+
+A profile should have the following structure::
+
+    examples/profile
+    ├── README.md
+    ├── controls
+    │   ├── example.rb
+    │   └── control_etc.rb
+    ├── libraries
+    │   └── extension.rb
+    |── files
+    │   └── extras.conf
+    └── inspec.yml
+
+where:
+
+* `inspec.yml` includes the profile description (required)
+* `controls` is the directory in which all tests are located (required)
+* `libraries` is the directory in which all InSpec resource extensions are located (optional)
+* `files` is the directory with additional files that a profile can access (optional)
+* `README.md` should be used to explain the profile, its scope, and usage
+
+See a complete example profile in the InSpec open source repository: https://github.com/chef/inspec/tree/master/examples/profile
+
+## inspec.yml
+
+Each profile must have an `inspec.yml` file that defines the following information:
+
+ * Use `name` to specify a unique name for the profile. Required.
+ * Use `title` to specify a human-readable name for the profile.
+ * Use `maintainer` to specify the profile maintainer.
+ * Use `copyright` to specify the copyright holder.
+ * Use `copyright_email` to specify support contact information for the profile, typically an email address.
+ * Use `license` to specify the license for the profile.
+ * Use `summary` to specify a one line summary for the profile.
+ * Use `description` to specify a multiple line description of the profile.
+ * Use `version` to specify the profile version.
+ * Use `supports` to specify a list of supported platform targets.
+ * Use `depends` to define a list of profiles on which this profile depends.
+
+`name` is required; all other profile settings are optional. For example:
+
+    name: ssh
+    title: Basic SSH
+    maintainer: Chef Software, Inc.
+    copyright: Chef Software, Inc.
+    copyright_email: support@chef.io
+    license: Proprietary, All rights reserved
+    summary: Verify that SSH Server and SSH Client are configured securely
+    version: 1.0.0
+    supports:
+      - os-family: linux
+    depends:
+      - name: profile
+        path: ../path/to/profile
+
+## Verify Profiles
+
+Use the `inspec check` command to verify the implementation of a profile:
+
+    $ inspec check examples/profile
+
+# Platform Support
+
+Use the `supports` setting in the `inspec.yml` file to specify one (or more) platforms for which a profile is targeting. The list of supported platforms may contain simple names, names and versions, or detailed flags, and may be combined arbitrarily. For example, to target anything running Debian Linux:
+
+    name: ssh
+    supports:
+      - os-name: debian
+
+and to target only Ubuntu version 14.04
+
+    name: ssh
+    supports:
+      - os-name: ubuntu
+        release: 14.04
+
+and to target the entire RedHat platform (including CentOS and Oracle Linux):
+
+    name: ssh
+    supports:
+      - os-family: redhat
+
+and to target anything running on Amazon AWS:
+
+    name: ssh
+    supports:
+      - platform: aws
+
+and to target all of these examples in a single `inspec.yml` file:
+
+    name: ssh
+    supports:
+      - os-name: debian
+      - os-name: ubuntu
+        release: 14.04
+      - os-family: redhat
+      - platform: aws
+
+
+# Profile Dependencies
+
+An InSpec profile can bring in the controls and custom resources from another InSpec profile. Additionally, when inheriting the controls of another profile, a profile can skip or even modify those included controls.
+
+## Defining the Dependencies
+
+Before a profile can use controls from another profile, the to-be-included profile needs to be specified in the including profile’s `inspec.yml` file in the `depends` section. For each profile to be included, a location for the profile from where to be fetched and a name for the profile should be included. For example:
+
+    depends:
+    - name: linux-baseline
+      url: https://github.com/dev-sec/linux-baseline/archive/master.tar.gz
+    - name: ssh-baseline
+      url: https://github.com/dev-sec/ssh-baseline/archive/master.tar.gz
+
+InSpec supports a number of dependency sources.
+
+### path
+
+The `path` setting defines a profile that is located on disk. This setting is typically used during development of profiles and when debugging profiles.
+
+    depends:
+    - name: my-profile
+      path: /absolute/path
+    - name: another
+      path: ../relative/path
+
+### url
+
+The `url` setting specifies a profile that is located at an HTTP- or HTTPS-based URL. The profile must be accessible via a HTTP GET operation and must be a valid profile archive (zip, tar, or tar.gz format).
+
+    depends:
+    - name: my-profile
+      url: https://my.domain/path/to/profile.tgz
+    - name: profile-via-git
+      url: https://github.com/myusername/myprofile-repo/archive/master.tar.gz
+
+### git
+
+A `git` setting specifies a profile that is located in a git repository, with optional settings for branch, tag, commit, and version. The source location is translated into a URL upon resolution. This type of dependency supports version constraints via semantic versioning as git tags.
+
+For example:
+
+    depends:
+    - name: git-profile
+      git: http://url/to/repo
+      branch:  desired_branch
+      tag:     desired_version
+      commit:  pinned_commit
+      version: semver_via_tags
+
+### supermarket
+
+A `supermarket` setting specifies a profile that is located in a cookbook hosted on Chef Supermarket. The source location is translated into a URL upon resolution.
+
+For example:
+
+    depends:
+    - name: supermarket-profile
+      supermarket: supermarket-username/supermarket-profile
+
+Available Supermarket profiles can be listed with `inspec supermarket profiles`.
+
+### compliance
+
+A `compliance` setting specifies a profile that is located on the Chef Automate or Chef Compliance server.
+
+For example:
+
+    depends:
+      - name: linux
+        compliance: base/linux
+
+## Vendoring Dependencies
+
+When you execute a local profile, the `inspec.yml` file will be read in order to source any profile dependencies. It will then cache the dependencies locally and generate an `inspec.lock` file.
+
+If you add or update dependencies in `inspec.yml`, dependencies may be re-vendored and the lockfile updated with `inspec vendor --overwrite`
+
+## Using Controls from an Included Profile
+
+Once defined in the `inspec.yml`, controls from the included profiles can be used! Let’s look at some examples.
+
+### Including All Controls from a Profile
+
+With the `include_controls` command in a profile, all controls from the named profile will be executed every time the including profile is executed.
+
+![Include Controls](/images/profile_inheritance/include_controls.png)
+
+In the example above, every time `my-app-profile` is executed, all the controls from `my-baseline` are also executed. Therefore, the following controls would be executed:
+
+ * myapp-1
+ * myapp-2
+ * myapp-3
+ * baseline-1
+ * baseline-2
+
+This is a great reminder that having a good naming convention for your controls is helpful to avoid confusion when
+including controls from other profiles!
+
+### Skipping a Control from a Profile
+
+What if one of the controls from the included profile does not apply to your environment? Luckily, it is not necessary to maintain a slightly-modified copy of the included profile just to delete a control. The `skip_control` command tells InSpec to not run a particular control.
+
+![Include Controls with Skip](/images/profile_inheritance/include_controls_with_skip.png)
+
+In the above example, all controls from `my-app-profile` and `my-baseline` profile will be executed every time `my-app-profile` is executed **except** for control `baseline-2` from the `my-baseline` profile.
+
+### Modifying a Control
+
+Let's say a particular control from an included profile should still be run, but the impact isn't appropriate? Perhaps the test should still run, but if it fails, it should be treated as low severity instead of high severity?
+
+When a control is included, it can also be modified!
+
+![Include Controls with Modification](/images/profile_inheritance/include_controls_with_mod.png)
+
+In the above example, all controls from `my-baseline` are executed along with all the controls from the including profile, `my-app-profile`. However, should control `baseline-1` fail, it will be raised with an impact of `0.5` instead of the originally-intended impact of `1.0`.
+
+### Selectively Including Controls from a Profile
+
+If there are only a handful of controls that should be executed from an included profile, it's not necessarily to skip all the unneeded controls, or worse, copy/paste those controls bit-for-bit into your profile. Instead, use the `require_controls` command.
+
+![Require Controls](/images/profile_inheritance/require_controls.png)
+
+Whenever `my-app-profile` is executed, in addition to its own controls, it will run only the controls specified in the `require_controls` block. In the case, the following controls would be executed:
+
+ * myapp-1
+ * myapp-2
+ * myapp-3
+ * baseline-2
+ * baseline-4
+
+Controls `baseline-1`, `baseline-3`, and `baseline-5` would not be run, just as if they were manually skipped. This method of including specific controls ensures only the controls specified are executed; if new controls are added to a later version of `my-baseline`, they would not be run.
+
+And, just the way its possible to modify controls when using `include_controls`, controls can be modified as well.
+
+![Require Controls with Modification](/images/profile_inheritance/require_controls_with_mod.png)
+
+As with the prior example, only `baseline-2` and `baseline-4` are executed, but if `baseline-2` fails, it will report with an impact of `0.5` instead of the originally-intended `1.0` impact.
+
+## Using Resources from an Included Profile
+
+By default, all of the custom resources from a listed dependency are available
+for use in your profile. If two of your dependencies provide a resource with
+the same name, you can use the `require_resource` DSL function to
+disambiguate the two:
+
+    require_resource(profile: 'my_dep', resource: 'my_res',
+                     as: 'my_res2')
+
+This will allow you to reference the resource `my_res` from the
+profile `my_dep` using the name `my_res2`.
+
+# Profile Attributes
+
+Attributes may be used in profiles to define secrets, such as user names and passwords, that should not otherwise be stored in plain-text in a cookbook. First specify a variable in the control for each secret, then add the secret to a Yaml file located on the local machine, and then run `inspec exec` and specify the path to that Yaml file using the `--attrs` attribute.
+
+For example, a control:
+
+    # define these attributes on the top-level of your file and re-use them across all tests!
+    val_user = attribute('user', default: 'alice', description: 'An identification for the user')
+    val_password = attribute('password', description: 'A value for the password')
+
+    control 'system-users' do
+      impact 0.8
+      desc '
+        This test assures that the user "Bob" has a user installed on the system, along with a
+        specified password.
+      '
+
+      describe val_user do
+        it { should eq 'bob' }
+      end
+
+      describe val_password do
+        it { should eq 'secret' }
+      end
+    end
+
+And a Yaml file named `profile-attribute.yml`:
+
+    user: bob
+    password: secret
+
+The following command runs the tests and applies the secrets specified in `profile-attribute.yml`:
+
+    $ inspec exec examples/profile-attribute --attrs examples/profile-attribute.yml
+
+See the full example in the InSpec open source repository: https://github.com/chef/inspec/tree/master/examples/profile-attribute
+
+# Profile files
+
+An InSpec profile may contain additional files that can be accessed during tests. This covers use-cases where e.g. a list of ports is provided to be tested.
+
+To access these files, they must be stored in the `files` directory at the root of a profile. They are accessed by their name relative to this folder with `inspec.profile.file(...)`.
+
+Here is an example for reading and testing a list of ports. The folder structure is:
+
+    examples/profile
+    ├── controls
+    │   ├── example.rb
+    |── files
+    │   └── services.yml
+    └── inspec.yml
+
+With `services.yml` containing:
+
+    - service_name: httpd-alpha
+      port: 80
+    - service_name: httpd-beta
+      port: 8080
+
+The tests in `example.rb` can now access this file:
+
+    my_services = yaml(content: inspec.profile.file('services.yml')).params
+
+    my_services.each do |s|
+      describe service(s['service_name']) do
+        it { should be_running }
+      end
+
+      describe port(s['port']) do
+        it { should be_listening }
+      end
+    end
+
+# "should" vs. "expect" syntax
+
+Users familiar with the RSpec testing framework may know that there are two ways to write test statements: `should` and `expect`. The RSpec community decided that `expect` is the preferred syntax. However, InSpec recommends the `should` syntax as it tends to read more easily to those users who are not as technical.
+
+InSpec will continue to support both methods of writing tests. Consider this `file` test:
+
+    describe file('/tmp/test.txt') do
+      it { should be_file }
+    end
+
+This can be re-written with `expect` syntax
+
+    describe file('/tmp/test.txt') do
+      it 'should be a file' do
+        expect(subject).to(be_file)
+      end
+    end
+
+The output of both of the above examples looks like this:
+
+    File /tmp/test.txt
+       ✔  should be a file
+
+In addition, you can make use of the `subject` keyword to further control your output if you choose:
+
+    describe 'test file' do
+      subject { file('/tmp/test.txt') }
+      it 'should be a file' do
+        expect(subject).to(be_file)
+      end
+    end
+
+... which will render the following output:
+
+    test file
+      ✔  should be a file