innate 2009.04

data/COPYING

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+Copyright (c) 2008 Michael Fellinger <m.fellinger@gmail.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER 
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

data/MANIFEST

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+CHANGELOG
+COPYING
+MANIFEST
+README.md
+Rakefile
+example/app/retro_games.rb
+example/app/todo/layout/default.xhtml
+example/app/todo/spec/todo.rb
+example/app/todo/start.rb
+example/app/todo/view/index.xhtml
+example/app/whywiki_erb/layout/wiki.html.erb
+example/app/whywiki_erb/spec/wiki.rb
+example/app/whywiki_erb/start.rb
+example/app/whywiki_erb/view/edit.erb
+example/app/whywiki_erb/view/index.erb
+example/custom_middleware.rb
+example/hello.rb
+example/howto_spec.rb
+example/link.rb
+example/provides.rb
+example/session.rb
+innate.gemspec
+lib/innate.rb
+lib/innate/action.rb
+lib/innate/adapter.rb
+lib/innate/cache.rb
+lib/innate/cache/api.rb
+lib/innate/cache/drb.rb
+lib/innate/cache/file_based.rb
+lib/innate/cache/marshal.rb
+lib/innate/cache/memory.rb
+lib/innate/cache/yaml.rb
+lib/innate/current.rb
+lib/innate/dynamap.rb
+lib/innate/helper.rb
+lib/innate/helper/aspect.rb
+lib/innate/helper/cgi.rb
+lib/innate/helper/flash.rb
+lib/innate/helper/link.rb
+lib/innate/helper/redirect.rb
+lib/innate/helper/render.rb
+lib/innate/helper/send_file.rb
+lib/innate/log.rb
+lib/innate/log/color_formatter.rb
+lib/innate/log/hub.rb
+lib/innate/middleware_compiler.rb
+lib/innate/mock.rb
+lib/innate/node.rb
+lib/innate/options.rb
+lib/innate/options/dsl.rb
+lib/innate/options/stub.rb
+lib/innate/request.rb
+lib/innate/response.rb
+lib/innate/route.rb
+lib/innate/session.rb
+lib/innate/session/flash.rb
+lib/innate/spec.rb
+lib/innate/state.rb
+lib/innate/state/accessor.rb
+lib/innate/state/fiber.rb
+lib/innate/state/thread.rb
+lib/innate/traited.rb
+lib/innate/trinity.rb
+lib/innate/version.rb
+lib/innate/view.rb
+lib/innate/view/erb.rb
+lib/innate/view/etanni.rb
+lib/innate/view/none.rb
+spec/example/app/retro_games.rb
+spec/example/hello.rb
+spec/example/link.rb
+spec/example/provides.rb
+spec/example/session.rb
+spec/helper.rb
+spec/innate/action/layout.rb
+spec/innate/action/layout/file_layout.xhtml
+spec/innate/cache/common.rb
+spec/innate/cache/marshal.rb
+spec/innate/cache/memory.rb
+spec/innate/cache/yaml.rb
+spec/innate/dynamap.rb
+spec/innate/helper.rb
+spec/innate/helper/aspect.rb
+spec/innate/helper/cgi.rb
+spec/innate/helper/flash.rb
+spec/innate/helper/link.rb
+spec/innate/helper/redirect.rb
+spec/innate/helper/render.rb
+spec/innate/helper/send_file.rb
+spec/innate/helper/view/aspect_hello.xhtml
+spec/innate/helper/view/locals.xhtml
+spec/innate/helper/view/loop.xhtml
+spec/innate/helper/view/num.xhtml
+spec/innate/helper/view/partial.xhtml
+spec/innate/helper/view/recursive.xhtml
+spec/innate/mock.rb
+spec/innate/node/mapping.rb
+spec/innate/node/node.rb
+spec/innate/node/resolve.rb
+spec/innate/node/view/another_layout/another_layout.xhtml
+spec/innate/node/view/bar.xhtml
+spec/innate/node/view/foo.html.xhtml
+spec/innate/node/view/only_view.xhtml
+spec/innate/node/view/with_layout.xhtml
+spec/innate/node/wrap_action_call.rb
+spec/innate/options.rb
+spec/innate/parameter.rb
+spec/innate/provides.rb
+spec/innate/provides/list.html.xhtml
+spec/innate/provides/list.txt.xhtml
+spec/innate/request.rb
+spec/innate/route.rb
+spec/innate/session.rb
+spec/innate/state/fiber.rb
+spec/innate/state/thread.rb
+spec/innate/traited.rb
+tasks/bacon.rake
+tasks/changelog.rake
+tasks/gem.rake
+tasks/gem_installer.rake
+tasks/grancher.rake
+tasks/install_dependencies.rake
+tasks/manifest.rake
+tasks/rcov.rake
+tasks/release.rake
+tasks/reversion.rake
+tasks/setup.rake

data/README.md

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+# Innate
+
+Innate is the core of Ramaze, but useful on its own.
+
+
+## Philosophy
+
+The philosophy behind Innate is to provide a simple web-framework that:
+
+* Stays below 2000 easily readable lines of code
+* Has Rack as the only dependency
+* Provides the default helpers
+* Is easy to encapsulate and reuse in other contexts as a simple rack app
+* Has a rock-solid and fast implementation
+* Scores at least 95% in rcov
+* Is fully documented using YARD
+
+
+## Innate vs. Ramaze
+
+Numerous people asked where Innate fits into the picture of Ramaze and when it
+would be appropriate to use Innate alone.
+
+The answer to this is not as simple as I thought, given that Ramaze improves on
+it a lot by taking full advantage of the encapsulation.
+
+Innate started out as I grew increasingly annoyed by the many hacks and add-ons
+that diluted the original simplicity of Ramaze as we discovered ways to do
+things better, so I went on to create something that is impossible to dilute and
+simply works as a multiplier.
+
+It does work standalone, and it might be suitable for applications that just
+need the little extra over plain old Rack, making it easy to deploy and rely on
+the stability that comes with simple code.
+It's also the starting point if you want to study the inner workings of Ramaze
+without being distracted, all you need to keep in mind is Rack.
+
+If all you need is a couple of ERB templates and a few nodes then Innate is the
+way to go.
+Upgrading to Ramaze later is quite easy, just change a couple of lines and the
+power of your code multiplies (again).
+
+The split between Innate and Ramaze is clear cut and gives Ramaze freedom to
+expand in any direction (and I have quite some ideas where to take it).
+
+Ramaze adds things that require other dependencies, caching with memcached or
+sequel, logging with analogger or growl, templating with haml or erubis, just to
+name a few.
+
+Ramaze also adds Apps to the mix, and it is easier to understand them when the
+concepts of what's going on inside an App is completely abstracted by Innate.
+
+To summarize, Innate really keeps it simple, acts as a learning tool and
+encourages everybody to build on top of it whatever they want.
+
+
+## Features
+
+* Powerful Helper system
+* Nodes[1] simply include Innate::Node, so class inheritance is your choice.
+* The only hard dependency is Rack
+* Easy to get started
+* Compatible with major Ruby implementations[2].
+* Usage of Fiber[3] instead of Thread if possible.
+* Namespaced serializable configuration system
+* Simple testing without need of a running server
+* No clutter in your application directory structure, scales from a single file
+  upwards
+* Seamless integration with Rack middleware
+* No patching of ruby core or stdlib.
+* Direct access to the current Request, Response, and Session from anywhere via
+  Trinity
+* Works out of the box with ERB the templating engine.
+* Support for all rack-compatible web-servers.
+* Dynamic content-representation.
+
+[1]: What you may think of as Controller.
+[2]: This includes: Ruby 1.8, Ruby 1.9.1, JRuby, Rubinius
+[3]: Fiber is available on 1.9 only at this point.
+
+## Usage
+
+A simple example of using Innate that also shows you how to add your custom
+middleware, write specs and the overall concept:
+
+    require 'innate'
+
+    Innate.setup_middleware
+
+    Innate.map('/') do |env|
+      Rack::Response.new(['Hello, World!']).finish
+    end
+
+    Innate::Mock.get('/')
+
+And another example, using Node with a normal server:
+
+    require 'innate'
+
+    class Hi
+      include Innate::Node
+      map '/'
+
+      def index
+        "Hello, World!"
+      end
+    end
+
+    Innate.start :adapter => :mongrel
+
+## Installation
+
+### Via git (recommended)
+
+Installing Innate from git is highly recommended, since it gives you easy
+access to alternate branches, bugfixes, and new features.
+
+    git clone git://github.com/manveru/innate.git
+
+And add the innate/lib directory to your `RUBYLIB` environment variable.
+
+For unixish systems you may want to add it to `~/.bashrc` or the equivalent for
+your shell:
+
+    export RUBYLIB="~/path/to/innate/lib:$RUBYLIB"
+
+### Via gem install
+
+#### From Github
+
+    gem install manveru-innate --source=http://gems.github.com
+
+#### From Rubyforge
+
+Not yet, and not sure when I'll get around to do this, feel free to ask if you
+want to maintain the project at rubyforge.
+
+
+## Concepts
+
+First let's see about the good old MVC:
+
+
+### Model
+
+Innate doesn't have any ties to models, it does not offer helpers or rake tasks
+or whatever you may be expecting, there is no M, use whatever you like.
+Innate is, however, known to be compatible with the ORMs listed below:
+
+* ActiveRecord
+* DataMapper
+* M4DBI
+* Og
+* Sequel
+
+Please consider giving us a heads up about what worked for you if it isn't in
+the list yet.
+
+
+### View
+
+Innate has support for only
+Innate supports multiple templating engines and it is very easy to add your
+own.
+At the moment we offer following engines out of the box:
+
+* [Builder](http://builder.rubyforge.org)
+* [Haml](http://haml.hamptoncatlin.com/)
+* [Sass](http://haml.hamptoncatlin.com/docs/sass)
+* [Erubis](http://rubyforge.org/projects/erubis)
+* [Tenjin](http://www.kuwata-lab.com/tenjin/)
+
+How to build your own is discussed at
+[HowTo:View](http://ramaze.net/HowTo:View).
+
+
+### Controller
+
+Innate follows a different approach than most frameworks, making the controller
+subclassing obsolete. To make an object accessible from the outside simply
+include Innate::Node and map it to the location you would like.
+
+
+## Differences from Ramaze
+
+Innate throws a lot overboard; it doesn't provide all the bells and whistles
+that you may be used to. This makes Ramaze the way to go for larger
+applications.
+
+For this reason, Innate is not only a standalone framework, it is also the core
+of Ramaze.
+
+Ramaze started out without any of the benefits that Rack gives us these days,
+especially regarding the server handlers, request/response, and middleware.
+
+Still it tried to provide everything one might need with the least effort,
+leading to a lot of incorporation of dependencies (we have things like bacon,
+simple_http, gettext, mime types, ...)
+
+
+### Configuration
+
+Innate provides the Innate::Options DSL, in some aspects to the old
+Ramaze::Global, but a lot more flexible.
+
+Options has namespaces, inheritance, defaults, triggers, documentation, and a
+sane name.
+
+The definition syntax roughly resembles Ramaze::Global.
+
+We break with the tradition where all options one would ever need were provided
+in one file. It made maintenance rather difficult and the code hard to follow.
+So the new approach is to put options where they belong, alongside the class or
+module they are used in.
+
+There are some things still in Innate.options, but they have large impact on the
+whole system.
+
+Options doesn't do things like merging env variables or parsing ARGV, these are
+things that Ramaze adds.
+
+What makes Options especially useful is that you can use it in your own
+application to configure it without using diverse routes like putting config
+into counter-intuitive yaml files, using global variables, or relying on yet
+another dependency.
+
+A small example:
+
+    module Blog
+      include Innate::Optioned
+
+      options.dsl do
+        o "Title of the blog", :title, "My Blog"
+        o "Syntax highlighting engine for blog posts", :syntax, :coderay
+      end
+
+      class Articles
+        Innate.node '/'
+
+        def index
+          "Welcome to #{Blog.options.title}"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+
+### Controller
+
+Away with controllers, long live the Node.
+
+Nodes are objects that include Innate::Node and are then considered rack
+applications that get automatically hooked into the routing.
+
+Since every existing Ramaze application relies on Ramaze::Controller and normal
+subclassing is not without merits as well we keep that part entirely in Ramaze,
+Controller simply includes Innate::Node and makes it suitable for the usage
+within Apps.
+
+
+#### Layouts
+
+Since layouts were an afterthought in Ramaze, they were made normal actions
+like every other on the respective controllers, leading to lots of confusion
+over the correct way to use layouts, the Controller::layout syntax in respect
+to the real location of layouts, how to exclude/include single actions, where
+layouts should be stored, how to prevent lookup from external requests, ...
+
+I made layouts just as important as views and methods for the Action in Innate,
+and they have their own root directory to live in and will not be considered as
+a normal view template, so they cannot be accidentally be rendered as their own
+actions.
+
+This strikes me as important, because I consider layouts to be superior to
+Ezamar elements and equal to render_partial or render_template, just about
+every application uses it, so they should be handled in the best way possible.
+
+The root directory for layouts is in line with the other default locations:
+
+    proto
+    |-- layout
+    |-- model
+    |-- node
+    |-- public
+    `-- view
+
+While none of these directories is necessary, they are the default locations and
+should be included in a new proto for Ramaze (just that ramaze uses
+`/controller` instead of `/node`.
+
+Innate will not have project generating capabilities, so we just have to
+document it very well and provide some example apps.
+
+
+#### Provides
+
+This is a major new feature stolen from Merb and adapted for the ease of use of
+Innate/Ramaze.
+It won't have all the capabilities one might be used to out of the box, but
+extending them is easy.
+
+Having "provides" means that every Action has different ways of being rendered,
+depending on so-called wishes, that's what people usually call
+content-representation.
+
+A wish may be anything related to the request object, and by default it will
+trigger on the filename extension asked for.
+This enables you to create a single action that can be rendered in
+json/rss/atom/yaml/xml/xhtml/html/wap or different languages...
+
+The dispatching in Node depends on the filename extension by default, but more
+decision paths can be added to Action by overriding some defaults.
+
+Layouts map to wishes just like views, so every content representation can have
+a suitable layout as well.
+
+This is very alien to old Ramaze, which always has a 1:1 mapping between actions
+and their views and how they are rendered, which made people wonder how to serve
+sass as css or how to respond with json for a ajax request until they finally
+were pointed to setting content-type, using respond and setting up custom
+routes.
+
+I hope this feature makes things simpler for people who care about it while it
+can be ignored by people who don't.
+
+
+### More specifics
+
+Here I try to list the most important things that Ramaze will offer but that
+are not included in Innate itself in terms of globs:
+
+* cache.rb and cache/*.rb
+* current/response.rb
+* tool/{create,mime,localize,daemonize,record,project_creator}.rb
+* spec/helper/*.rb
+* snippets/**/*.rb
+* gestalt.rb
+* store/default.rb
+* contrib.rb or any contribs
+* adapter/*.rb (superseded by a lightweight adapter.rb)
+* template/ezamar*/*
+* bacon.rb
+* dispatcher.rb
+* dispatcher/*.rb
+
+There might be a couple of things I've forgotten, but that's what a quick
+glance tells me.
+
+Let's go through them one by one and consider what's gonna happen to them:
+
+
+### Cache
+
+Caching is a very important concern and one of the most difficult things to get
+right for any web application.
+
+Innate defines the caching API that enables everybody to add caches with very
+little code.
+
+Innate provides caching by following means:
+
+* DRb
+* Hash
+* Marshal
+* YAML
+
+Ramaze adds:
+
+* Memcached
+* Sequel
+
+And as time goes on there will be many more.
+
+
+### Response
+
+Very little code, just provide some options regarding default headers and easy
+ways to reset the response.
+Ramaze adds some more convenient methods.
+
+
+### Tools
+
+Innate doesn't provide any of the stuff in ramaze/tool and it was removed from
+Ramaze as well, some of the reasoning is below.
+
+#### Tool::Create
+
+This has been used by `bin/ramaze --create`, bougyman is working on a new
+`bin/ramaze` which won't use it, so we removed it.
+
+#### Tool::ProjectCreator
+
+Dependency for Tool::Create, removed as well.
+
+##### Tool::Daemonize
+
+Nothing but issues with this one although it is just a very thin wrapper for
+the daemons gem. Nobody has contributed to this so far despite the issues and
+it seems that there are a lot of different solutions for this problem.
+
+This was removed from Ramaze and Innate. You may use the daemonize functionality
+from rackup.
+
+##### Ramaze::Record
+
+Well, this might be the most obvious candidate for removal, maybe it can be
+revived as middleware. The functionality itself was in the adapter and even
+that's only a few lines. But so far I have never seen any usage of it.
+
+##### Tool::Localize
+
+Despite being quite popular it has many issues and is totally unusable if you
+don't have full knowledge about what is going to be served.
+
+I and a lot of other people have used this over time and it has proven itself
+to be a very easy and straight-forward way of doing localization.
+
+It think it is better suited as middleware which can be included into
+rack-contrib and doesn't rely on the normal session but a simple unobfuscated
+cookie.
+
+Innate does not attempt to do anything related to localization. Ramaze builds
+localization on top of Helper::Localize which does a much better job.
+
+##### Tool::MIME
+
+This one was removed, Rack::Mime is the way to go.
+
+
+### Spec helpers
+
+Over the years, Ramaze has collected a wide variety of spec helpers that are
+not really compatible to each other and rely on real request/response with a
+running server.
+
+Innate provides a better alternative via Innate::Mock for specs, the output
+formatting is done in a rake task.
+
+There is some work in progress to integrate Innate and Ramaze with the rack-test
+library which will allow us to run specs with webrat (which is able to run using
+selenium and possibly watir in a DRY way).
+
+Rack-test will provide us also with xpath checks, multipart requests, digest
+authorization, etc.
+
+
+### Snippets
+
+Innate abandons the snippets, keeping your core clean.
+
+Ramaze has still a lot of these snippets and will continue to, although I will
+constantly strive to reduce them slowly.
+
+### Gestalt
+
+Gestalt has been the first "templating engine" for Ramaze and is still used in
+some fractions of the code and various applications.  There are a lot of other
+html/xml builders out there these days so I think this is no good choice for
+inclusion into Innate. I will keep it inside Ramaze.
+
+### Ramaze::Store::Default
+
+This has been removed from Innate and Ramaze.
+It started out as a simple wrapper for YAML::Store to make the tutorial easier,
+but I think it gives a wrong impression of being anything else.
+
+It's very slow, might raise exceptions under heavy load and a plain YAML::Store
+or PStore or any other persistence mechanism is generally a better choice, so
+there is no need to keep this around.
+
+### Contrib
+
+Ramaze got quite some things in contrib, some of them used widely, others not at
+all.
+
+I'm still going through these, putting what is suitable for a wider audience
+into rack-contrib, including what fits into the Ramaze concept into Ramaze, but
+none of these will find its way into Innate.
+
+One exception, the file cache has been added to Innate already and the sequel
+cache is in Ramaze proper.
+
+The gzip filter has a more powerful and better maintained equivalent in
+Rack::Deflater.
+
+The profiling hook is obsolete as well, there is an equivalent in rack-contrib.
+
+The emailer is really light-weight and but lacks support for many things you
+will need, I'm working on a new Helper::Email that integrates with Mailit (a
+fork of MailFactory).
+
+Things I'll not touch for now are `facebook` and `gettext`.
+
+The sequel related stuff will have to be removed and might find a place
+somewhere else, (somebody start a sequel-contrib already!).
+
+The `gems` was refactored and put into `ramaze/setup.rb`, where it provides you
+with painless first-start experience.
+
+
+### Adapters
+
+These are entirely the responsibility of Rack/Innate now, Ramaze doesn't need to
+worry about that. WEBrick will remain the default adapter since it is in the
+Ruby stdlib.
+
+
+### Templating
+
+The basic functionality for templating is provided by Innate, it only provides a
+`None` and `ERB` templating engine. The other engines are in Ramaze.
+
+#### Ezamar
+
+`Ezamar` has become a standalone project. It has been stable since a long time and
+is suitable for other uses.
+The battle for the place of the default templating engine in Ramaze is still
+going on, competitors are `ERB`, `Ezamar`, and `Nagoro`.
+
+
+### Bacon
+
+Bacon is still a dependency for specs, but we don't ship it anymore, the stable
+release includes all features we need.
+
+
+### Dispatcher
+
+Innate uses a stripped down version of the Ramaze dispatcher.  The Ramaze
+dispatcher was strongly influenced by Nitro, but proved to be a difficult
+part.  We are now using Rack's URLMap directly, and have a minimal dispatching
+mechanism directly in Node (like we used to have one in Controller).
+
+A lot of the functionality that used to be in the different dispatchers is now
+provided by Rack middleware.
+
+The Dispatcher itself isn't needed anymore. It used to setup
+Request/Response/Session, which was superseded by Current, this again is now
+superseded by STATE::wrap.
+
+We are going to remove all the other dispatchers as well, providing default
+ways to provide the same functionality, and various middleware to use.
+
+#### Dispatcher::Action
+
+This dispatcher was used to initiate the controller dispatching, this is now
+not needed anymore.
+
+#### Dispatcher::Directory
+
+This will also be removed. There is a directory listing middleware already.
+
+#### Dispatcher::Error
+
+There's middleware for this as well, and a canonical way of routing errors to
+other actions. This used to be one of the most difficult parts of Ramaze and
+it was removed to make things simpler.
+
+#### Dispatcher::File
+
+This is a combination of the `ETag` and `ConditionalGet` middlewares, ergo Innate
+and Ramaze will not serve static files themselves anymore, but leave the job to
+Rack or external servers.