informers 0.1.0

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data/CHANGELOG.md

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+## 0.1.0 (2020-10-01)
+
+- First release

data/LICENSE.txt

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data/README.md

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+# Informers
+
+:slightly_smiling_face: State-of-the-art natural language processing for Ruby
+
+Supports:
+
+- Sentiment analysis
+- Question answering
+- Named-entity recognition
+- Text generation - *in development*
+- Summarization - *in development*
+- Translation - *in development*
+
+## Installation
+
+Add this line to your application’s Gemfile:
+
+```ruby
+gem 'informers'
+```
+
+On Mac, also install OpenMP:
+
+```sh
+brew install libomp
+```
+
+## Getting Started
+
+- [Sentiment analysis](#sentiment-analysis)
+- [Question answering](#question-answering)
+- [Named-entity recognition](#named-entity-recognition)
+
+### Sentiment Analysis
+
+First, download the [pretrained model](sentiment.onnx).
+
+Predict sentiment
+
+```ruby
+model = Informers::SentimentAnalysis.new("sentiment-analysis.onnx")
+model.predict("This is super cool")
+```
+
+This returns
+
+```ruby
+{label: "positive", score: 0.999855186578301}
+```
+
+Predict multiple at once
+
+```ruby
+model.predict(["This is super cool", "I didn't like it"])
+```
+
+### Question Answering
+
+First, download the [pretrained model](question-answering.onnx) and add Numo to your application’s Gemfile:
+
+```ruby
+gem 'numo-narray'
+```
+
+Ask a question with some context
+
+```ruby
+model = Informers::QuestionAnswering.new("question-answering.onnx")
+model.predict(question: "Who invented Ruby?", context: "Ruby is a programming language created by Matz")
+```
+
+This returns
+
+```ruby
+{answer: "Matz", score: 0.9980658360049758, start: 42, end: 46}
+```
+
+### Named-Entity Recognition
+
+First, export the [pretrained model](tools/export.md).
+
+Get entities
+
+```ruby
+model = Informers::NER.new("ner.onnx")
+model.predict("Nat works at GitHub in San Francisco")
+```
+
+This returns
+
+```ruby
+[
+  {text: "Nat",           tag: "person",   score: 0.9840519576513487, start: 0,  end: 3},
+  {text: "GitHub",        tag: "org",      score: 0.9426134775785775, start: 13, end: 19},
+  {text: "San Francisco", tag: "location", score: 0.9952414982243061, start: 23, end: 36}
+]
+```
+
+## Models
+
+Task | Description | Contributor | License | Link
+--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
+Sentiment analysis | DistilBERT fine-tuned on SST-2 | Hugging Face | Apache-2.0 | [Link](https://huggingface.co/distilbert-base-uncased-finetuned-sst-2-english)
+Question answering | DistilBERT | Hugging Face | Apache-2.0 | [Link](https://huggingface.co/distilbert-base-cased-distilled-squad)
+Named-entity recognition | BERT fine-tuned on CoNLL03 | Bayerische Staatsbibliothek | In-progress | [Link](https://huggingface.co/dbmdz/bert-large-cased-finetuned-conll03-english)
+
+Models are [quantized](https://medium.com/microsoftazure/faster-and-smaller-quantized-nlp-with-hugging-face-and-onnx-runtime-ec5525473bb7) to make them faster and smaller.
+
+## Credits
+
+This project uses many state-of-the-art technologies:
+
+- [Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) for transformer models
+- [BlingFire](https://github.com/microsoft/BlingFire) and [BERT](https://github.com/google-research/bert) for high-performance text tokenization
+- [ONNX Runtime](https://github.com/Microsoft/onnxruntime) for high-performance inference
+
+Some code was ported from Transformers and is available under the same license.
+
+## History
+
+View the [changelog](https://github.com/ankane/informers/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
+
+## Contributing
+
+Everyone is encouraged to help improve this project. Here are a few ways you can help:
+
+- [Report bugs](https://github.com/ankane/informers/issues)
+- Fix bugs and [submit pull requests](https://github.com/ankane/informers/pulls)
+- Write, clarify, or fix documentation
+- Suggest or add new features
+
+To get started with development:
+
+```sh
+git clone https://github.com/ankane/informers.git
+cd informers
+bundle install
+
+export MODELS_PATH=path/to/onnx/models
+bundle exec rake test
+```

data/lib/informers.rb

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+# dependencies
+require "blingfire"
+require "onnxruntime"
+
+# modules
+require "informers/ner"
+require "informers/question_answering"
+require "informers/sentiment_analysis"
+require "informers/version"

data/lib/informers/ner.rb

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+module Informers
+  class NER
+    def initialize(model_path)
+      tokenizer_path = File.expand_path("../../vendor/bert_base_cased_tok.bin", __dir__)
+      @tokenizer = BlingFire.load_model(tokenizer_path)
+      @model = OnnxRuntime::Model.new(model_path)
+    end
+
+    def predict(texts)
+      singular = !texts.is_a?(Array)
+      texts = [texts] if singular
+
+      result = []
+      texts.each do |text|
+        # tokenize
+        tokens, start_offsets, end_offsets = @tokenizer.text_to_ids_with_offsets(text, nil, 100) # unk token
+        tokens.unshift(101) # cls token
+        tokens << 102 # sep token
+
+        # infer
+        input = {
+          input_ids: [tokens],
+          attention_mask: [[1] * tokens.size],
+          token_type_ids: [[0] * tokens.size]
+        }
+        output = @model.predict(input)
+
+        # transform
+        entities = output["output_0"][0]
+        score =
+          entities.map do |e|
+            values = e.map { |v| Math.exp(v) }
+            sum = values.sum
+            values.map { |v| v / sum }
+          end
+
+        labels_idx = score.map { |s| s.each_with_index.max[1] }
+        labels = ["O", "B-MISC", "I-MISC", "B-PER", "I-PER", "B-ORG", "I-ORG", "B-LOC", "I-LOC"]
+
+        entities = []
+        filtered_label_idx = labels_idx.map.with_index.reject { |v, i| v == 0 }
+        filtered_label_idx.each do |label_idx, idx|
+          entities << {
+            score: score[idx][label_idx],
+            entity: labels[label_idx],
+            index: idx
+          }
+        end
+
+        result << group_entities(entities, text, start_offsets, end_offsets)
+      end
+
+      singular ? result.first : result
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def group_entities(entities, text, start_offsets, end_offsets)
+      last_entity = {}
+      groups = []
+      entities.each do |entity|
+        if entity[:index] - 1 == last_entity[:index] && entity[:entity] == last_entity[:entity]
+          groups.last << entity
+        else
+          groups << [entity]
+        end
+        last_entity = entity
+      end
+
+      entity_map = {
+        "I-PER" => "person",
+        "I-ORG" => "org",
+        "I-LOC" => "location",
+        "I-MIS" => "misc"
+      }
+
+      groups.map do |group|
+        start_offset = start_offsets[group.first[:index] - 1]
+        end_offset = end_offsets[group.last[:index] - 1]
+
+        {
+          text: text[start_offset...end_offset],
+          tag: entity_map[group.first[:entity]],
+          score: group.map { |v| v[:score] }.sum / group.size,
+          start: start_offset,
+          end: end_offset
+        }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/informers/question_answering.rb

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+module Informers
+  class QuestionAnswering
+    def initialize(model_path)
+      # make sure Numo is available
+      require "numo/narray"
+
+      tokenizer_path = File.expand_path("../../vendor/bert_base_cased_tok.bin", __dir__)
+      @tokenizer = BlingFire.load_model(tokenizer_path)
+      @model = OnnxRuntime::Model.new(model_path)
+    end
+
+    def predict(questions)
+      singular = !questions.is_a?(Array)
+      questions = [questions] if singular
+
+      topk = 1
+      max_answer_len = 15
+
+      sep_pos = []
+      cls_pos = []
+      context_offsets = []
+
+      # tokenize
+      input_ids =
+        questions.map do |question|
+          tokens = @tokenizer.text_to_ids(question[:question], nil, 100) # unk token
+          sep_pos << tokens.size
+          tokens << 102 # sep token
+          context_tokens, offsets = @tokenizer.text_to_ids_with_offsets(question[:context], nil, 100) # unk token
+          tokens.concat(context_tokens)
+          context_offsets << offsets
+          cls_pos << tokens.size
+          tokens.unshift(101) # cls token
+          tokens << 102 # sep token
+          tokens
+        end
+
+      max_tokens = 384
+      raise "Large text not supported yet" if input_ids.map(&:size).max > max_tokens
+
+      attention_mask = []
+      input_ids.each do |ids|
+        zeros = [0] * (max_tokens - ids.size)
+
+        mask = ([1] * ids.size) + zeros
+        attention_mask << mask
+
+        ids.concat(zeros)
+      end
+
+      # infer
+      input = {
+        input_ids: input_ids,
+        attention_mask: attention_mask
+      }
+      output = @model.predict(input)
+
+      start = output["output_0"]
+      stop = output["output_1"]
+
+      # transform
+      answers = []
+      start.zip(stop).each_with_index do |(start_, end_), i|
+        start_ = Numo::DFloat.cast(start_)
+        end_ = Numo::DFloat.cast(end_)
+
+        # Ensure padded tokens & question tokens cannot belong to the set of candidate answers.
+        feature_p_mask = Numo::Int64.new(max_tokens).fill(0)
+        feature_p_mask[1..sep_pos[i] + 1] = 1
+        feature_p_mask[cls_pos[i][1]] = 1
+        feature_attention_mask = Numo::Int64.cast(attention_mask[i])
+        undesired_tokens = (feature_p_mask - 1).abs & feature_attention_mask
+
+        # Generate mask
+        undesired_tokens_mask = undesired_tokens.eq(0)
+
+        # Make sure non-context indexes in the tensor cannot contribute to the softmax
+        start_[undesired_tokens_mask] = -10000
+        end_[undesired_tokens_mask] = -10000
+
+        # Normalize logits and spans to retrieve the answer
+        start_ = Numo::DFloat::Math.exp(start_ - Numo::DFloat::Math.log(Numo::DFloat::Math.exp(start_).sum(axis: -1)))
+        end_ = Numo::DFloat::Math.exp(end_ - Numo::DFloat::Math.log(Numo::DFloat::Math.exp(end_).sum(axis: -1)))
+
+        # Mask CLS
+        start_[0] = end_[0] = 0.0
+
+        starts, ends, scores = decode(start_, end_, topk, max_answer_len)
+
+        # char_to_word
+        doc_tokens, char_to_word_offset = self.doc_tokens(questions[i][:context])
+        char_to_word = Numo::Int64.cast(char_to_word_offset)
+
+        # token_to_orig_map
+        token_to_orig_map = {}
+        map_pos = sep_pos[i] + 2
+        context_offsets[i].each do |offset|
+          token_to_orig_map[map_pos] = char_to_word_offset[offset]
+          map_pos += 1
+        end
+
+        # Convert the answer (tokens) back to the original text
+        starts.to_a.zip(ends.to_a, scores) do |s, e, score|
+          answers << {
+            answer: doc_tokens[token_to_orig_map[s]..token_to_orig_map[e]].join(" "),
+            score: score,
+            start: (char_to_word.eq(token_to_orig_map[s])).where[0],
+            end: (char_to_word.eq(token_to_orig_map[e])).where[-1]
+          }
+        end
+      end
+
+      singular ? answers.first : answers
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def decode(start, stop, topk, max_answer_len)
+      # Ensure we have batch axis
+      if start.ndim == 1
+        start = start.expand_dims(0)
+      end
+
+      if stop.ndim == 1
+        stop = stop.expand_dims(0)
+      end
+
+      # Compute the score of each tuple(start, end) to be the real answer
+      outer = start.expand_dims(-1).dot(stop.expand_dims(1))
+
+      # Remove candidate with end < start and end - start > max_answer_len
+      candidates = outer.triu.tril(max_answer_len - 1)
+
+      # Inspired by Chen & al. (https://github.com/facebookresearch/DrQA)
+      scores_flat = candidates.flatten
+      if topk == 1
+        idx_sort = [scores_flat.argmax]
+      else
+        raise "Not implemented yet"
+      end
+
+      start, stop = unravel_index(idx_sort, candidates.shape)[1..-1]
+      [start, stop, candidates[0, start, stop]]
+    end
+
+    def unravel_index(indices, shape)
+      indices = Numo::NArray.cast(indices)
+      result = []
+      factor = 1
+      shape.size.times do |i|
+        result.unshift(indices / factor % shape[-1 - i])
+        factor *= shape[-1 - i]
+      end
+      result
+    end
+
+    def doc_tokens(text)
+      doc_tokens = []
+      char_to_word_offset = []
+      prev_is_whitespace = true
+
+      text.each_char do |c|
+        if whitespace?(c)
+          prev_is_whitespace = true
+        else
+          if prev_is_whitespace
+            doc_tokens << c
+          else
+            doc_tokens[-1] += c
+          end
+          prev_is_whitespace = false
+        end
+        char_to_word_offset << (doc_tokens.size - 1)
+      end
+      # ensure end is correct when answer includes last token
+      char_to_word_offset << (doc_tokens.size - 1)
+
+      [doc_tokens, char_to_word_offset]
+    end
+
+    def whitespace?(c)
+      c == " " || c == "\t" || c == "\r" || c == "\n" || c.ord == 0x202F
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/informers/sentiment_analysis.rb

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+module Informers
+  class SentimentAnalysis
+    def initialize(model_path)
+      tokenizer_path = File.expand_path("../../vendor/bert_base_tok.bin", __dir__)
+      @tokenizer = BlingFire.load_model(tokenizer_path)
+      @model = OnnxRuntime::Model.new(model_path)
+    end
+
+    def predict(texts)
+      singular = !texts.is_a?(Array)
+      texts = [texts] if singular
+
+      # tokenize
+      input_ids =
+        texts.map do |text|
+          tokens = @tokenizer.text_to_ids(text, nil, 100) # unk token
+          tokens.unshift(101) # cls token
+          tokens << 102 # sep token
+          tokens
+        end
+
+      max_tokens = input_ids.map(&:size).max
+      attention_mask = []
+      input_ids.each do |ids|
+        zeros = [0] * (max_tokens - ids.size)
+
+        mask = ([1] * ids.size) + zeros
+        attention_mask << mask
+
+        ids.concat(zeros)
+      end
+
+      # infer
+      input = {
+        input_ids: input_ids,
+        attention_mask: attention_mask
+      }
+      output = @model.predict(input)
+
+      # transform
+      scores =
+        output["output_0"].map do |row|
+          mapped = row.map { |v| Math.exp(v) }
+          sum = mapped.sum
+          mapped.map { |v| v / sum }
+        end
+
+      labels = ["negative", "positive"]
+      scores.map! do |item|
+        {label: labels[item.each_with_index.max[1]], score: item.max}
+      end
+
+      singular ? scores.first : scores
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/informers/version.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module Informers
+  VERSION = "0.1.0"
+end

data/vendor/LICENSE-bert.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
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data/vendor/LICENSE-blingfire.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE

metadata

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
+name: informers
+version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+  version: 0.1.0
+platform: ruby
+authors:
+- Andrew Kane
+autorequire: 
+bindir: bin
+cert_chain: []
+date: 2020-10-02 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+dependencies:
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: blingfire
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: 0.1.3
+  type: :runtime
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: 0.1.3
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: onnxruntime
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+  type: :runtime
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: bundler
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rake
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: minitest
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '5'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '5'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: numo-narray
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+description: 
+email: andrew@chartkick.com
+executables: []
+extensions: []
+extra_rdoc_files: []
+files:
+- CHANGELOG.md
+- LICENSE.txt
+- README.md
+- lib/informers.rb
+- lib/informers/ner.rb
+- lib/informers/question_answering.rb
+- lib/informers/sentiment_analysis.rb
+- lib/informers/version.rb
+- vendor/LICENSE-bert.txt
+- vendor/LICENSE-blingfire.txt
+- vendor/bert_base_cased_tok.bin
+- vendor/bert_base_tok.bin
+homepage: https://github.com/ankane/informers
+licenses:
+- Apache-2.0
+metadata: {}
+post_install_message: 
+rdoc_options: []
+require_paths:
+- lib
+required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '2.5'
+required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+requirements: []
+rubygems_version: 3.1.2
+signing_key: 
+specification_version: 4
+summary: State-of-the-art natural language processing for Ruby
+test_files: []